K 



THK 



HI8TOET 



MARSHALL COUNTY, 



1 o ^^r j^^ 



CONTAINING 



A Biographical Directory of Citizens, War Record of its Vol- 
unteers in the late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, 
Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, His- 
tory of the Northwest, History of Iowa, Map 
of Marshall County, Constitution of the 
United States, Miscellaneous 
Matters, &c. 



IXjXjTJSTIRJLTEID 




CHICAGO: 
WESTERN HISTORICAL COMPANY, 

1S78. 

7^ 



Entered, according to Act ol Congress, in the year 1878, by 
THE WESTERN HISTORICAL COMPANY, 

In the OflSce of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 







PREFACE. 



THE historian who delves among the records of the far past, and weaves in 
continuous thread the story of former generations, for the instruction of 
ages yet to come, must be governed in the methods of his work by one invariable 
rule, which is : The acceptance of such facts, and only such, as have become 
established, either by written evidence or by undoubted verbal testimony trans- 
mitted in consecutive order, and bearing on its face the impress of truthfulness 
from its consistency with known facts. 

The historian who writes of the near past, oftentimes finds more delicate 
questions arising for him to decide than does the cotemporary of the musty 
pages. While the latter has but his own sense of consentaneousness to satisfy, 
the former has a wider constituency to win over to his mode of thinking. The 
w^riter upon ancient events is stimulated to careful research by the hope of dis- 
covering that which will subvert the theories of his collaborators, and vindicate 
his own claim to literary fame. The man who treats of the early deeds of a 
generation yet living can have no such ambition. His duty is to tell the tale 
in simple manner, leaving to those who shall come after him the more agreeable 
task of embellishment. 

The compiler of this history has endeavored to adhere to the rules which 
should govern all volumes of its class. Rumors have been given only as such ; 
traditions find their appropriate place, and assumptions are treated with lightest 
stroke. Indisputable facts, based upon definite dates and corroborated by tes- 
timony admissible in courts of justice, alone stand recorded as facts. 

Herein lies the most unpleasant feature of the work performed : an impar- 
tial observance of the rules prescribed by us plays havoc with individual claims 
in more than one instance. It is just to ourselves that we say : We have been 
actuated by no motives but the highest in the discharge of our duty. If state- 
ments made within these pages conflict with personal assertion, let it be remem- 
bered by the critic that majority judgment has, in every case, prevailed Avith us 
on all disputed points. We do not expect to please every subscriber ; that 
would indicate a millennial condition of unity between the writer and the pub- 
lic which has never been attained, even in sacred history. We have tried to 
give a truthful record of events, as the facts have been made known to us. 

The most difficult task ever assigned us was the preparation of the chapter 
on the County Seat Conflict. The nature of the events precludes a full history 



PREFACE. 

of that absorbing contest. It is not a thing of the past, but is a transaction of 
the present. The participators therein still live to read these lines. The opi^o- 
sing factions have, in a great measure, doffed the panoply of war, and lifted the 
implements of peace ; but beneath the calm exterior rest the ragged remnants 
of former animosities. To expect other than this would be to'defj natural and 
moral laws and seek for miracles in these latter days. 

Our work has been to angle among the hidden snags of feeling and bring 
forth truth — truth of such indubitable form as to silence those who desire to 
criticise or complain. At the same time we have endeavored to be impartially 
fearless in the recital of the story of the contest. Much has been left unsaid 
on both sides, if we consider the acts of individuals ; but nothing of influence 
has been withheld from the record of actual occurrences. We came not to 
bring war, but to cement the bonds of peace ; and at the same time rescue from 
impending oblivion the most important chapter in the history of this county. 
We have done our Avork carefully, conscientiously, we trust, satisfactoriW. 

To the gentlemen in charge of the county records — especially to those in 
the Auditor's office — we express our cordial thanks for their assistance. Every- 
where we have been received in the most generous spirit. The Clergy, the 
Press, the Pioneers, all have aided us in a large degree. 

An individual mention of our obligations to Hon. William C. Smith, for 
the innumerable kindnesses extended to the Company, is due that gentleman. 

From the former History of Marshall County, prepared by Mrs. Nettie 
Sanford, we have taken many incidents relating to the early social life here, 
and we make this general credit for the assistance the volume has been to us. 
The people of this county owe Mrs. Sanford a debt of gratitude for the labor 
she has bestowed upon the work so well performed by her. 

The able chapter on the Geology of Marshall County, was prepared ex- 
pressly for this work by Dr. W. S. McBride, of Marshalltown. The character 
of the article is such as is rarely met with. It is a popular treatise upon an 
absorbing topic. It will be read with profit and pleasure by all. 

When the present generation has passed into the silent grave, and the his- 
torian is no longer able to converse face to face with those who laid the corner- 
stone of the fine structure of Marshall County, the value of this History will 
be conceded. 

THE PUBLISHERS. 

October, 187S. 



CONTENTS 



Page. 

History Northwest Territory 19 

Geographical 'Position 19 

Early Explorations 20 

Discovery of the Ohio 33 

English Explorations and Set- 
tlements 35 

American Settlements 60 

Division of the Northwest Ter- 

rltorv 06 

Tecumseh and the War of 1812 70 
Black Hawk and the Black 

Hawk War 74 

Other Indian Troubles 79 

Present Condition of the North- 
west 86 

Chicago 95 

Illinois 240 

Indiana 242 

Iowa 243 

Michigan 244 

Wisconsin 245 

Minnesota 247 

Nebraska 248 

History of Iowa: 

Geographical Situation 109 

Topography 109 

Drainage System 110 

Rivers Ill 

Lakes 118 

Springs 119 

Prairies 120 

Geology 120 

Climatology 137 

Discovery and Occnpation 139 i 

Territory 147 j 

Indians 147 I 

Pike's Expedition 151 | 

Indian Wars 152 



HISTORICAL.. 

Page. 

History ol Iowa : 

Black Hawk War 167 

Indian Purchase, Resei'ves and 

Treaties 159 

Spanish Grants 163 

Half-Breed Tract.. 164 

Early Settlements 166 

Territorial History 173 

Boundary Question 177 

State Oiganization 181 

Growth and Progress 185 

Agricultural College and Farm.186 

State University v 187 

State Historical Society 193 

Penitentiaries 194 

Insane Hospitals 195 

College for the Blind 197 

Deaf and Dumb Institution 199 

Soldiers' Orphans' Homes 199 

State Normal School 201 

Asylum for Feeble Minded 

Children 201 

Reform School 282 

Fish Hatching Establishment..203 

Public Lands 204 

Public Schools 218 

Political Record 223 

War Record 229 

Number Volunteers 233 

Number Casualties — Officers. ..234 
Number Casualties — Enlisted 

Men 236 

Population 238 

Agricultural Statistics 274 

History of Marshall County ; 

Physical Geography 307 

Geology 311 



Page. 

History of Marshall County : 

Advent of White Men 318 

Settlement of the County 326 

Organization 336 

Election 342 

First Courts 349 

Fiscal Records 350 

Social and Agricultural Statis- 
tics 353 

Population in 1875 354 

County Seat Contest 355 

Railroads 410 

Facts and Incidents 419 

Statistical 433 

FostOfiBcea 433 

Press 4;i3 

Agricultural Interests 436 

Le Grand Quarry 448 

Grist Mills 448 

Speculative and Prophetic 449 

War Record 453 

Roster i55 

Educational 464 

Property Statement .543 

Vote of 1876 and 1877 544 

Survey of towns and Villages..542 

Town Histories: 

Marshalltown 466 

Albion 505 

State Centre and Eden .522 

Le Grand 529 

Liscomb 533 

Gilman 536 

Edenville 539 

Dillon 540 

Lamoille 541 

Quarry 541 



Page. [ 

Mouth of the Mississippi 21 

Source of the Mississippi 21' 

Wild Prairie 23 

La Sail?- Landing on the Shore of 

Green Bay 2.") 

Buffalo Hunt 27 

Trapping 29 

Hunting .32 

Iroquois Chief 34 

Pontiac, the Ottawa Chieftain 43i 

Indians Attacking Frontiersmen.. 56 
A Prairie Storm 59 ' 



ILiIillSTRATIONS. 

Page. 

A Pioneer Dwelling 61 

Breaking Prairie 63 

Tecumseh, the Shawanoe Chieftain 69'» 

Indians Attacking a Stockade 72 

Black Hawk, the Sac Chieftain 75«r 

Big Eagle 80^ 

Captain Jack, the Modoc Chieftain 83-* 

Kinzie House 85v 

A Representative Pioneer 86 

Lincoln Monument 87 

A Pioneer School House 68 



Page 

Pioneers' First Winter 94 ^ 

Great Iron Bridge of C, R. I. & P. 
R. R., Crossing the Mississippi at 

Davenport, Iowa 91 

Chicago in 1833 95 

Old Fort Dearborn, 1830 98r 

Present Site Lake Street Bridge, ' - 

Chicago, 1833 98 

Ruins of Chicago 104-- 

View of the City of Chicago 106 — 

Hunting Prairie Wolves 249 



LITHOGRAPHIC PORTR.\ITS. 



Page. I Page. 

\he\\, T 44r| Merrill, ,1. A 607 

Dobbs, J. W 509-I Neidig, A. H 475 

Hickox, Geo. S 373v( Smith W. C 527 



Page. 

Turner, John 339 • 

Williams, Jas. C 407 > 

Woodbury, G. M 305 



CONTENTS. 
MARSHAL.L. COrXTT VOLUNTEERS. 



Infantrv- Page. Infantry : Page. 

Fifth 455 Twenty-third 459 

Eigbtii 456 ! Thirtj'-second 460 

Eleventh 456 j Forty-fourth 460 

Thirteenth 457 I 



Cavalry : Page. 

Second 461 

Fifth 462 

Eighth 462 

Miscellaneous 463 



BIOGRAPHIC AI. TOWNSHIP DIRECTOR F. 



Page, i Page 

Bangor 644 | Liscomb 580 

Eden.... 586 " 



Green Castle 614 

Iowa 664 

Jefferson 672 

Le Grand 591 

Liberty 679 



Logan 668 

Lynn 545 

Marshalltown 545 

Marietta 683 

Marion 655 



Page. 

Minerva 640 

State Centre 605 

Taylor 648 

Timber Creek 632 

Washington 689 

Vienna 6ii5 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE liAWS. 



Page, i 

Adoption of Children 287 

Bills of Exchange and Promissory 

Notes 275 

Commercial Terms 289 

Capital Punishment 282 

Charitable, Scientific and Religious 

Associations 300 [ 

Descent 275 

Damages from Trespass 284 

Exemptions from Execution 282 

Esti-ays 283 1 

Forms : 1 

Articles of Agreement 291 

Bills of Sale 292 

Bond for Deed 299 j 

Bills of Purchase 290 



Page. 
Forms : 

Chattel Mortgage 298 

Confession of Judgment 290 

Lease 296 

Mortgages 294 

Notice to Quit 293 

Notes 290, 297 

Orders 290 

Quit Claim Deed 299 

Receipts 290 

Wills and Codicils 203 

Warranty Deed 298 

Fences 284 

Interest 275 

Intoxicating Liquors 301 

Jurisdiction of Courts 281 



Page. 

Juroi-s 281 

Limitation of Actions 281 

Landlord and Tenant 288 

Married Women 282 

Marks and Brands 284 

Mechanics' Liens 285 

Roads and Bridges 286 

Surveyors and Surveys 28" 

Suggestions to Persons Purchasing 

Books by Subscription 303 

Support of Poor 287 

Ta.xes 277 

Wills and Estates 276 

Weights and Measures 289 

Wolf Scalps 284 



Page. 

Map of Marshall County Front. 

Constitution of United States 250 

Vote for President and Vice Pres- 
ident 264 

Practical Rules for Every-Day Use..265 
United States Government Land 
Measure 268 



MISCEIiEANKOIJS«i. 

Page. 

Surveyor's Measure 269 

How to Keep Accounts 269 

Interest Table 270 

Miscellaneous TaMe 270 

Names of the States of the Union 

and their Significations 271 

Population of the United States 272 



Pace. 

Population of Fifty Principal Cities 
of the United States 272 

Population and Area of the United 
States 273 

Population of the Principal Coun- 
tries in the World 273 

Population of Marshall County 354 




^T ^.3T A 



^ c o z^:y 



j 



# 



The Northwest Territory. 



GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION. 

When the Northwestern Territory was ceded to the United States 
by Virginia in 1784, it embraced only the territory lying between the 
Ohio and the Mississippi Rivers, and north to the northern limits of the 
United States. It coincided with the area now embraced in the States 
of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and that portion of 
Minnesota lying on the east side of the Mississippi River. The United 
States itself at that period extended no farther west than the Mississippi 
River ; but by the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, the western boundary 
of the United States was extended to the Rocky Mountains and the 
Northern Pacific Ocean. The new territory thus added to the National 
domain, and subsequently opened to settlement, has been called the 
"New Northwest," in contradistinction from the old "Northwestern 
Territory." 

In comparison with the old Northwest this is a territory of vast 
magnitude. It includes an area of 1,887,850 square miles ; being greater 
in extent than the united areas of all the Middle and Southern States, 
including Texas. Out of this magnificent territory have been erected 
eleven sovereign States and eight Territories, with an aggregate popula- 
tion, at the present time, of 13,000,000 inhabitants, or nearly one third of 
the entire population of the United States. 

Its lakes are fresh-water seas, and the larger rivers of the continent 
flow for a thousand miles through its rich alluvial valleys and far- 
stretching prairies, more acres of which are arable and productive of the 
highest percentage of the cereals than of any other area of like extent 
on the globe. 

For the last twenty years the increase of population in the North- 
west has been about as three to one in any other portion of the United 
States. 

(19) 



20 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



EARLY EXPLORATIONS. 

In the year 1541, DeSoto first saw the Great West in the New 
World. He, however, penetrated no farther north than the 35th parallel 
of latitude. The expedition resulted in his death and that of more than 
half his army, the remainder of whom found their way to Cuba, thence 
to Spain, in a famished and demoralized condition. DeSoto founded no 
settlements, produced no results, and left no traces, unless it were that 
he awakened the hostility of the red man against the white man, and 
disheartened such as might desire to follow up the career of discovery 
for better purposes. The French nation were eager and ready to seize 
upon any news from this extensive domain, and were the first to profit by 
DeSoto's defeat. Yet it was more than a century before any adventurer 
took advantage of these discoveries. 

In 1616, four years before the pilgrims " moored their bark on the 
wild New England shore," Le Caron, a French Franciscan, had pene- 
trated through the Iroquois and Wyandots (Hurons) to the streams which 
run into Lake Huron ; and in 1634, two Jesuit missionaries founded the 
first mission among the lake tribes. It was just one hundred years from 
the discovery of the Mississippi by DeSoto (1541) until the Canadian 
envoys met the savage nations of the Northwest at the Falls of St. Mary,, 
below the outlet of Lake Superior. This visit led to no permanent 
result; yet it was not until 1659 that any of the adventurous fur traders- 
attempted to spend a Winter in the frozen wilds about the great lakes, 
nor was it until 1660 that a station was established upon their borders by 
Mesnard, who perished in the woods a few months after. In 1665, Claude 
Allouez built the earliest lasting habitation of the white man among the 
Indians of the Northwest. In 1668, Claude Dablon and James Marquette 
founded the mission of Sault Ste. Marie at the Falls of St. Mary, and two 
years afterward, Nicholas Perrot, as agent for M. Talon, Governor Gen- 
eral of Canada, explored Lake Illinois (Michigan) as far south as the 
present City of Chicago, and invited the Indian nations to meet him at a. 
grand council at Sault Ste. Marie the following Spring, where they were 
taken under the protection of the king, and formal possession was taken 
of the Northwest. This same year Marquette established a mission at 
Point St. Ignatius, where was founded the old town of Michillimackinac. 

During M. Talon's explorations and iNIarquette's residence- at St. 
Ignatius, tliey learned of a great river away to the Avest, and fancied 
— as all others did then — that upon its fertile banks whole tribes of God's 
children resided, to whom the sound of the Gospel had never come. 
Filled with a wish to go and preach to them, and in compliance with a 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



21 





22 THE NORTHWEST TERRITO^^Y. 

request of M. Talon, who earnestly desired to extend the domain of his 
king, and to ascertain whether the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico 
or the Pacific Ocean, Marquette with Joliet, as commander of the expe- 
dition, prepared for the undertaking. 

On the 13th of May, 1673, the explorers, accompanied by five assist- 
ant French Canadians, set out from Mackinaw on their daring voyage of 
discovery. The Indians, who gathered to witness their departure, were 
astonished at the boldness of the undertaking, and endeavored to dissuade 
them from their purpose by representing the tribes on the Mississippi as 
exceedingly savage and cruel, and the river itself as full of all sorts of 
frightful monsters ready to swallow them and their canoes together. But, 
nothing daunted by these terrific descriptions, Marquette told them he 
was willing not only to encounter all the perils of the unknown region 
they were about to explore, but to lay down his life in a cause in which 
the salvation of souls was involved ; and having prayed together they 
separated. Coasting along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, the 
adventurers entered Green Bay, and passed thence up the Fox River and 
Lake Winnebago to a village of the Miamis and Kickapoos. Here Mar- 
quette was delighted to find a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the 
town ornamented with white skins, red girdles and bows and arrows, 
which these good people had offered to the Great Manitou, or God, to 
thank him for the pity he had bestowed on them during the Winter in 
giving them an abundant " chase." This was the farthest outpost to 
which Dablon and Allouez had extended their missionary labors the 
year previous. Here Marquette drank mineral waters and was instructed 
in the secret of a root which cures the bite of the venomous rattlesnake. 
He assembled the chiefs and old men of the village, and, pointing to 
Joliet, said: " My friend is an envoy of France, to discover new coun- 
tries, and I am an ambassador from God to enlighten them with the truths 
of the Gospel." Two Miami guides were here furnished to conduct 
them to the Wisconsin River, and they set out from the Indian village on 
the 10th of June, amidst a great crowd of natives who had assembled to 
witness their departure into a region where no white man had ever yet 
ventured. The guides, having conducted them across the portage, 
returned. Tlie explorers launched their canoes upon the Wisconsin, 
which they descended to the Mississippi and proceeded down its unknown 
waters. What emotions must have swelled their breasts as they struck 
out into the broadening current and became conscious that they were 
now upon the bosom of tli3 Father of Waters. The mystery was about 
to be lifted from the long-sought river. The scenery in that locality is 
beautiful, and on that delightful seventeenth of June must have been 
clad in all its primeval loveliness as it had been adorned by the hand of 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



23 



Nature. Drifting rapidly, it is said that the bold bluffs on either hand 
'' reminded them of the castled shores of their OAvn beautiful rivers of 
France." By-and-by, as they drifted along, great herds of buffalo appeared 
on the banks. On going to the heads of the valley they could see a 
country of the greatest beauty and fertility, apparently destitute of inhab- 
itants yet presenting the appearance of extensive manors, under the fas- 
tidious cultivation of lordly proprietors. 




THE WILD PRAIRIE. 

On June 25, they went ashore and found some fresh traces of men upon 
the sand, and a path which led to the prairie. The men remained in the 
boat, and Marquette and Joliet followed the path till they discovered a 
village on the banks of a river, and two other villages on a hill, within a 
half league of the first, inhabited by Indians. They were received most 
hospitably by these natives, who had never before seen a white person. 
After remaining a few days they re-embarked and descended the river to 
about latitude 33°, where they found a village of the Arkansas, and being 
satisfied that the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico, turned their course 



24 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

up the river, and ascending tlie stream to the mouth of the Illinois, 
rowed up that stream to its source, and procured guides from that point 
to the lakes. " Nowhere on this journe3%" says Marquette, ''did we see 
such grounds, meadows, woods, stags, buffaloes, deer, wildcats, bustards, 
swans, ducks, parroquets, and eten beavers, as on the Illinois River." 
The party, without loss or injury, reached Green Bay in September, and 
reported their discovery — one of the most important of the age, but of 
which no record was preserved save Marquette's, Joliet losing his by 
the upsetting of his canoe on his way to Quebec. Afterward Marquette 
returned to the Illinois Indians by their request, and ministered to them 
until 1675. On the 18th of May, in that year, as he was passing the 
mouth of a stream — going with his boatmen up Lake Michigan — he asked 
to land at its mouth and celebrate Mass. Leaving his men with the canoe, 
he retired a short distance and began his devotions. As much time 
passed and he did not return, his men went in search of him, and found 
him upon his knees, dead. He had peacefull}^ passed away while at 
prayer. He was buried at this spot. Charlevoix, who visited the place 
fifty years after, found the waters had retreated from the grave, leaving 
the beloved missionary to repose in peace. The river has since been 
called Marquette. 

While Marquette and his companions were pursuing their labors in 
the West, two men, differing widely from him and each other, Avere pre- 
paring to follow in his footsteps and perfect the discoveries so well begun 
by him. These Avere Robert de La Salle and Louis Hennepin. 

After La Salle's return from the discovery of the Ohio River (see 
the narrative elsewhere), he established himself again among the French 
trading posts in Canada. Here he mused long upon the pet project of 
those ages — a short way to China and the East, and was busily planning an 
expedition up the great lakes, and so across the continent to the Pacific, 
when Marquette returned from the Mississippi. At once the vigorous mind 
of LaSalle received from his and his companions' stories the idea that by fol- 
lowing the Great River northward, or by turning up some of the numerous 
western tributaries, the object could easily be gained. He applied to 
Frontenac, Governor General of Canada, and laid before him the plan, 
dim but gigantic. Frontenac entered warmly into his plans, and saw that 
LaSalle's idea to coiinect the great lakes by a chain of forts with the Gulf 
of Mexico would bind the country so wonderfully together, give un- 
measured power to France, and glory to himself, under whose adminis- 
tration he earnestly hoped all would be realized. 

LaSalle now repaired to France, laid his plans before the King, who 
warmly approved of them, and made him a Chevalier. He also received 
from all the noblemen the warmest wishes for his success. The Chev' 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



•25 



alier returned to Canada, and busily entered upon his work. He at 
once rebuilt Fort Fronteuac aud constructed the first ship to sail on 
these fresh-water seas. On the 7th of August, 16T9, having been joined 
by Hennepin, he began his voyage in the Griffin up Lake Erie. He 
passed over this lake, through the straits beyond, up Lake St. Clair and 
into Huron. In this lake they encountered heavy storms. They were 
some time at Michilliraackinac, where LaSalle founded a fort, and jjassed 
on to Green Bay, the " Bale des Puans" of the French, where he found 
a large quantity of furs collected for him. He loaded the Griffin with 
these, and placing her under the care of a pilot and fourteen sailors, 




LA SALLE LANDING ON THE SHORE OF GREEN BAY. 

started her on her return voyage. The vessel was never afterward heard 
of. He remained about these parts until early in the Winter, when, hear- 
ing nothing from the Griffin, he collected all the men — thirty working 
men and three monks — and started again upon his great undertaking. 

By a short portage they passed to the Illinois or Kankakee, called by 
the Indians, "Theakeke," wolf, because of the tribes of Indians called 
by that name, commonly known as the Mahingans, dwelling there. The 
French pronounced it Kiakiki, which became corrupted to Kankakee. 
"Falling down the said river by easy journeys, the better to observe the 
country," about the last of December they reached a village of the Illi- 
nois Indians, containing some five hundred cabins, but at that moment 



26 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

no inhabitants. The Seur de LaSalle being in want of some breadstuffs, 
took advantage of the absence of the Indians to help himself to a suffi- 
ciency of maize, large quantities of which he found concealed in holes 
under the wigwams. This village was situated near the present village 
of Utica in LaSalle County, Illinois. The corn being securely stored, 
the voyagers again betook themselves to the stream, and toward evening, 
on the 4th day of January, 1680, they came into a lake which must have 
been the lake of Peoria. This was called by the Indians Pim-i-te-ivi^ that 
is, a place where there are many fat beasts. Here the natives were met 
with in large numbers, but they were gentle and kind, and having spent 
some time with them, LaSalle determined to erect another fort in that 
place, for he had heard rumors that some of the adjoining tribes were 
trying to disturb the good feeling which existed, and some of his men 
were disposed to complain, owing to the hardships and perils of the travel. 
He called this fort '^ Crevecceur'' (broken-heart), a name expressive of the 
very natural sorrow and anxiet}^ which the pretty certain loss of his ship. 
Griffin, and his consequent impoverishment, the danger of hostility on the 
part of the Indians, and of mutiny among his own men, might well cause 
liim. His fears were not entirely groundless. At one time poison was 
placed in his food, but fortunately was discovered. 

While building this fort, the Winter wore away, the prairies began to 
look green, and LaSalle, despairing of any reinforcements, concluded to 
return to Canada, raise new means and new men, and embark anew in 
the enterprise. For this purpose he made Hennepin the leader of a party 
to explore the head waters of the Mississippi, and he set out on his jour- 
ney. This journey was accomplished with the aid of a few persons, and 
was successfully made, though over an almost u iknown route, and in a 
bad season of the year. He safely reached Canaia, and set out again for 
the object of his search. 

Hennepin and his party left Fort Crevecoeur on the last of February, 
1680. When LaSalle reached this place on his return expedition, he 
found the fort entirely deserted, and he was obliged to return again to 
Canada. He embarked the third time, and succeeded. Seven days after 
leaving the fort, Hennepin reached the Mississippi, and paddling up the 
icy stream as best he could, reached no higher than the Wisconsin River 
by the 11th of April. Here he and his followers were taken prisoners by a 
hand of Northern Indians, who treated them with great kindness. Hen- 
nepin's comrades were Anthony Auguel and Michael Ako. On this voy- 
age they found several beautiful lakes, and " saw some charming prairies." 
Their captors were the Isaute or Sauteurs, Chippewas, a tribe of the Sioux 
nation, who took them up the river until about the first of May, when 
they reached some falls, which Hennepin christened Falls of St. Anthony 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



27 



in honor of his patron t>aint. Here they toolv the land, and traveling 
nearly two hundred miles to the northwest, brought them to their villages. 
Here they were kept about three months, were treated kindly by their 
captors, and at the end of that time, were met by a band of Frenchmen, 





BUFFALO HUNT. 



headed by one Seur de Luth, who, in pursuit of trade and game, had pene- 
trated thus far by the route of Lake Superior; and with these fellow- 
countrymen Hennepin and his companions were allowed to return to the 
borders of civilized life in November, 1680, just after LaSalle had 
returned to the wilderness on his second trip. Hennepin soon after went 
to France, where he published an account of his adventures. 



28 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

The Mississippi was first discovered by De Soto in April, 1541, in his 
vain endeavor to find gold and precioas gems. In the following Spring, 
De Soto, weary with hope long deferred, and worn out with his wander- 
ings, he fell a victim to disease, and on the 21st of May died. His followers, 
reduced by fatigue and disease to less than three hundred men, wandered 
about the country nearly a year, in the vain endeavor to rescue them- 
selves by land, and finally constructed seven small vessels, called brigan- 
tines, in which they embarked, and descending the river, supposing it 
would lead them to the sea, in July they came to the sea (Gulf of 
Mexico), and by September reached the Island of Cuba. 

They were the first to see the great outlet of the Mississippi ; but, 
being so weary and discouraged, made no attempt to claim the country, 
and hardly had an intelligent idea of what they had passed through. 

To La Salle, the intrepid explorer, belongs the honor of giving the 
first account of the mouths of the river. • His great desire was to possess 
this entire country for his king, and in January, 1682, he and his band of 
■explorers left the shores of Lake Michigan on their third attempt, crossed 
the portage, passed down the Illinois River, and on the 6th of February, 
reached the banks of the Mississippi. 

On the 18th they commenced their downward course, which they 
pursued with but one interruption, until upon the 6th of March they dis- 
covered the three great passages by which the river discharges its waters 
into the gulf. La Salle thus narrates the event : 

" We landed on the bank of the most western channel, about three 
leagues (nine miles) from its mouth. On the seventh, M. de LaSalle 
went to recounoiter the shores of the neighboring sea, and M. de Tonti 
meanwhile examined the great middle channel. They found the main 
outlets beautiful, large and deep. On the 8th we reascended the river, a 
little above its confluence with the sea, to find a dry place beyond the 
refvcli of inundations. The elevation of the North Pole was here about 
twenty-seven degrees. Here we prepared a column and a cross, and to 
the column were affixed the arms of France with this inscription : 

Louis Le Grand, Roi De France et de Navarre, regne ; Le neuvieme Avril, 1682. 

The whole party, under arms, chanted the Te Deum, and then, after 
a salute and cries of " Vive le Roi,'' the column was erected by M. de 
La Salle, who, standing near it, proclaimed in a loud voice the authority of 
the King of France. LaSalle returned and laid the foundations of the Mis- 
sissippi settlements in Illinois, thence he proceeded to France, where 
another expedition was fitted out, of which he was commander, and in two 
succeeding voyages failed to find the outlet of the river by sailing along 
the shore of the gulf. On his third voyage he was killed, through the 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



29 



treachery of his followers, and the object of his expeditions was not 
accomplished until 1699, when D'lberville, under the authority of the 
crown, discovered, on the second of March, by way of the, sea, the mouth 
of the " Hidden River. "" This majestic stream was called by the natives 
*'' Malbouchia,'' and by the Spaniards, ''la Palissade," from the great 







TRAPPING. 

number of trees about its mouth. After* traversing the several oudets, 
and satisfying himself aS to its certainty, he erected a fort near its western 
outlet, and returned to France. 

An avenue of trade Avas now opened out which was fully improved. 
In 1718, New Orleans was laid out and settled by some European colo- 
nists. In 1762, the colony was made over to Spain, to be regained by 
France under the consulate of Napoleon. In 1803, it was purchased by 



30 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

the United States for the sum of fifteen million dollars, and the territory 
of Louisiana and commerce of the Mississippi River came under the 
charge of the United States. Although LaSalle's labors ended in defeat 
and death, he had not worked and suffered iu vain. He had thrown 
open to France and the world an immense and most valuable country; 
had established several ports, and laid the foundations of more than one 
settlement there. " Peoria, Kaskaskia and Cahokia, are to this day monu- 
ments of LaSalle's labors ; for, though he had founded neither of them 
(unless Peoria, which was built nearly upon the site of Fort Crevecoeur,) 
it was by those Avhom he led into the West that these places were 
peopled and civilized. He was, if not the discoverer, the first settler of 
the Mississippi Valley, and as such deserves to be known and honored.*' 

The French early improved the opening made for them. Before the 
year 1698, the Rev. Father Gravier began a mission among the Illinois, 
and founded Kaskaskia. For some time this was merely a missionary 
station, where none but natives resided, it being one of three such vil- 
lages, the other two being Cahokia and Peoria. What is known of 
these missions is learned from a letter written by Father Gabriel Marest, 
dated " Aux Cascaskias, autrement dit de Tlmmaculate Conception de 
la Sainte Vierge, le 9 Novembre, 1712." Soon after the founding of 
Kaskaskia, the missionary, Pinet, gathered a flock at Cahokia, while 
Peoria arose near the ruins of Fort Crevecoeur. This must have been 
about the year 1700. The post at Vincennes on the (3ubache river» 
(pronounced Wa-ba, meaning summer cloud moving swiftly') was estab- 
lished iu 1702, according to the best authorities.* It is altogether prob- 
able that on LaSalle's last trip he established the stations at Kaskaskia 
and Cahokia. In July, 1701, the foundations of Fort Ponchartrain 
were laid by De la Motte Cadillac on the Detroit River. These sta- 
tions, with those established further north, were the earliest attempts to 
occupy the Northwest Territory. At the same time efforts were being 
made to occupy the Southwest, which finally culminated in the settle- 
ment and founding of the City of New Orleans by a colony from England 
in 1718. This was mainly accomplished through the efforts of the 
famous Mississippi Company, established by the notorious John Law, 
who so quickly arose into prominence in France, and who with his 
scheme so quickly and so ignominiously passed away. 

From the time of the founding of these stations for fifty years the 
French nation were engrossed with the settlement of the lower Missis- 
sippi, and the war with the Chicasaws, who had, in revenge for repeated 

• There is considerable dispute about this date, some asserting it was founded as late as 1742. When 
the new court house at Vincennes was erected, all authorities on the subject were carefully examined, and 
-702 fixed upon as the correct date. It was accordingly engraved on the corner-stone of the court house. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 31 

injuries, cut off the entire colony at Natchez. Although the company 
did little for Louisiana, as the entire West was then called, yet it opened 
the trade through the Mississippi River, and started the raising of grains 
indigenous to that climate. Until the year 1750, but little is known of 
the settlements in the Northwest, as it was not until this time that the 
attention of the English was called to the occupation of this portion of the 
New World, which they then supposed they owned. Vivier, a missionary 
among the Illinois, writing from " Aux Illinois," six leagues from Fort 
Chartres, June 8, 1750, says: "We have here whites, negroes and 
Indians, to say nothing of cross-breeds. There are five French villages, 
and three villages of the natives, within a space of twenty-one leagues 
situated between the Mississippi and another river called the Karkadaid 
(Kaskaskias). In the five French villages are, perhaps, eleven hundred 
whites, three hundred blacks and some sixty red slaves or savages. The 
three Illinois towns do not contain more than eight hundred souls all 
told. Most of the French till the soil; they raise wheat, cattle, pigs and 
horses, and live like princes. Three times as much is produced as can 
be consumed ; and great quantities of grain and flour are sent to New 
Orleans." This city was now the seaport town of the Northwest, and 
save in the extreme northern part, where only furs and copper ore were 
found, almost all the products of the country found their way to France 
by the mouth of the Father of Waters. In another letter, dated Novem- 
ber. 7, 1750, this same priest says : " For fifteen leagues above the 
mouth of the Mississippi one sees no dwellings, the ground being too low 
to be habitable. Thence to New Orleans, the lands are only partially 
occupied. New Orleans contains black, white and red, not more, I 
think, than twelve hundred persons. To this point come all lumber, 
bricks, salt-beef, tallow, tar, skins and bear's grease ; and above all, pork 
and flour from the Illinois. These things create some commerce, as forty 
vessels and more have come hither this yefir. Above New Orleans, 
plantations are again met with ; the most considerable is a colony of 
Germans, some ten leagues up the river. At Point Coupee, thirty -five 
leagues above the German settlement, is a, fort. Along here, within five 
or six leagues, are not less than sixty habitations. Fifty leagues farther 
up is the Natchez post, where we have a garrison, who are kept prisoners 
through fear of the Chickasaws. Here and at Point Coupee, they raise 
excellent tobacco. Another hundred leagues brings us to the Arkansas, 
where we have also a fort and a garrison for the benefit of the river 
traders. * * * From the Arkansas to the Illinois, nearly five hundred 
leagues, there is not a settlement. There should be, however, a fort at 
the Oubache (Ohio), the only path by which the English can reach the 
Mississippi. In the Illinois country are numberless mines, but no one to 



32 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



work them as they deserve." Father Marest, writmg from the i^ost at 
Vincennes in 181 2. makes the same observation. Vivier also says : '* Some 
individuals dig lead near the surface and supply the Indians and Canada. 
Two Spaniards now here, who claim to be adepts, say that our mines are 
like those of Mexico, and that if we would dig deeper, we should find 
silver under the lead ; and at any rate the lead is excellent. There is also 
in this country, beyond doubt, copper ore, as from time to time large 
pieces are found in the streams." 







HUNTING. 



At the close of the year 1750, the French occupied, in addition to the 
lower Mississippi posts and those in Illinois, one at Du Quesne, one at 
the Maumee in the country of the Miamis, and one at Sandusky in what 
may be termed the Ohio Valley. In the northern part of the Northwest 
they had stations at St. Joseph's on the St. Joseph's of Lake Michigan, 
at Fort Ponchartrain (Detroit), at Michillimackanac or Massillimacanac, 
Fox River of Green Bay, and at Sault Ste. Marie. The fondest dreams of 
LaSalle Avere now fully realized. The Frencli alone were possessors of 
this vast realm, basing their claim on discover}- and settlement. Another 
nation, however, was now turning its attention to this extensive country. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 33- 

and hearing of its wealth, began to lay plans for occupying it and for 
securing the great profits arising therefrom. 

The French, however, had another claim to this country, namely, the 



DISCOVERY OF THE OHIO. 

This " Beautiful " river was discovered by Robert Cavalier de La- 
Salle in 1669, four years before the discovery of the Mississippi by Joliet 
and Marquette. 

While LaSalle was at his trading post on the St. Lawrence, he found 
leisure to study nine Indian dialects, the chief of which was the Iroquois. 
He not only desired to facilitate his intercourse in trade, but he longed 
to travel and explore the unknown regions of the West. An incident 
soon occurred which decided him to fit out an exploring expedition. 

While conversing with some Senecas, he learned of a river called the 
Ohio, which rose in their country and flowed to the sea, but at such a 
distance that it required eight months to reach its mouth. In this state- 
ment the Mississippi and its tributaries were considered as one stream. 
LaSalle believing, as most of the French at that period did, that the great 
rivers flowing west emptied into the Sea of California, was anxious to 
embark in the enterprise of discovering a route across the continent to 
the commerce of China and Japan. 

He repaired at once to Quebec to obtain the approval of the Gov- 
ernor. His eloquent appeal prevailed. The Governor and the Intendant, 
Talon, issued letters patent authorizing the enterprise, but made no pro- 
vision to defray the expenses. At this juncture the seminary of St. Sul- 
pice decided to send out missionaries in connection with the expedition, 
and LaSalle offering to sell his improvements at LaChine to raise money, 
the offer was accepted by the Superior, and two thousand. eight hundred 
dollars were raised, with which LaSalle purchased four canoes and the 
necessary supplies for the outfit. 

On the 6th of Jal}^ 1669, the party, numbering twenty-four persons, 
embarked in seven canoes on the St. Lawrence ; two additional canoes 
carried the Indian guides. In three days they were gliding over the 
bosom of Lake Ontario. Their guides conducted them directly to the 
Seneca village on the bank of the Genesee, in the vicinity of the present 
City of Rochester, New York. Here they expected to procure guides to 
conduct them to the Ohio, but in this they were disappointed. 

The Indians seemed unfriendly to the enterprise. LaSalle suspected 
that the Jesuits had prejudiced their minds against his plans. After 
waiting a month in the hope of gaining their object, they met an Indian 



34 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



from the Iroquois colony at the head of Lake Ontario, who assured them 
that they could there find guides, and offered to conduct them thence. , 

On their way they passed the mouth of the Niagara River, when they 
heard for the first time the distant thunder of the cataract. Arri\'ing 




^Q^H.^0^ 



IKOyUOlS CUllit'. 

among the Iroquois, they met with a friendly reception, and learned 
from a Shawanee prisoner that they could reach the Ohio in six weeks. 
Delighted with the unexpected good fortune, they made ready to resume 
their journey ; but just as they were about to start they heard of the 
arrival of two Frenchmen in a neighboring village. One of them proved 
to be Louis Joliet, afterwards famous as an explorer in ths West. He 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 36 

had been sent by the Canadian Government to explore the copper mines 
on Lake Superior, but had failed, and was on his way back to Quebec. 
He gave the missionaries a map of the country he had explored in the 
lake region, together with an account of the condition of the Indians in 
that quarter. This induced the priests to determine on leaving the 
expedition and going to Lake Superior. LaSalle warned them that the 
Jesuits were probably occupying that field, and that they would meet 
with a cold reception. Nevertheless they persisted in their purpose, and 
after worship on the lake shore, parted from LaSalle. On arriving at 
Lake Superior, they found, as LaSalle had predicted, the Jesuit Fathers, 
Marquette and Dablon, occupying the field. 

These zealous disciples of Loyola informed them that they wanted 
no assistance from St. Sulpice, nor from those who made him their patron 
saint ; and thus repulsed, they returned to Montreal the following June 
without having made a single discovery or converted a single Indian. 

After parting with the priests, LaSalle went to the chief Iroquois 
village at Onondaga, where he obtained guides, and passing thence to a 
tributary of the Ohio south of Lake Erie, he descended the latter as far 
as the falls at Louisville. Thus was the Ohio discovered by LaSalle, the 
persevering and successful French explorer of the "West, in 1669. 

The account of the latter part of his journey is found in an anony- 
mous paper, which purports to have been taken from the lips of LaSalle 
himself during a subsequent visit to Paris. In a letter written to Count 
Frontenac in 1667, shortly after the discovery, he himself says that he 
discovered the Ohio and descended it to the falls. This was regarded as 
an indisputable fact by the French authorities, who claimed the Ohio 
Valley upon another ground. When Washington was sent by the colony 
of Virginia in 1753, to demand of Gordeur de St. Pierre why the French 
had built a fort on the Monongahela, the haughty commandant at Quebec 
replied : " "We claim the country on the Ohio by virtue of the discoveries 
of LaSalle, and will not give it up to the English. Our orders are to 
make prisoners of every Englishman found trading in the Ohio Valley." 

ENGLISH EXPLORATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS. 

"When the new year of 1750 broke in upon the Father of Waters 
and the Great Northwest, all was still wild save at the French posts 
already described. In 1749, when the English first began to think seri- 
ously about sending men into the "West, the greater portion of the States 
of Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, "Wisconsin, and Minnesota were yet 
under the dominion of the red men. The English knew, however, pretty 



36 THE NOETHWEST TERRITORY. 

conclusively of the nature of- the wealth of these wilds. As early as 
1710, Governor Spotswood, of Virginia, had commenced movements tO' 
secure the country west of the Alleghenies to the English crown. In 
Pennsylvania, Governor Keith and James Logan, secretary of the prov- 
ince, from 1719 to 1731, represented to the powers of England the neces- 
sity of securing the Western lands. Nothing was done, however, by that 
power save to take some diplomatic steps to secure the claims of Britain 
to this unexplored wilderness. 

Ensfland had from the outset claimed from the Atlantic to the Pacific, 
on the ground that the discovery of the seacoast and its possession was a 
discovery and possession of the country, and, as is well known, her grants- 
to the colonies extended " from sea to sea." This was not all her claim. 
She had purchased from the Indian tribes large tracts of land. This lat- 
ter was also a strong argument. As early as 1684, Lord H oward, Gov- 
ernor of Virginia, held a treaty with the six nations. These were the 
great Northern Confederacy, and comprised at first the Mohawks, Onei- 
das, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. Afterward the Tuscaroras were 
taken into the confederacy, and it became known as the Six Nations. 
They came under the protection of the mother country, and again in 
1701, they repeated the agreement, and in September, 1726, a formal deed 
was drawn up and signed by the chiefs. The validity of this claim has. 
often been disputed, but never successfully. In 1744, a purchase was 
made at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, of certain lands within the " Colony of 
Virginia," for which the Indians received £200 in gold and a like sum in 
goods, with a promise that, as settlements increased, more should be paid. 
The Commissioners from Virginia were Colonel Thomas Lee and Colonel 
William Beverly. As settlements extended, the promise of more pay was 
called to mind, and Mr. Conrad Weiser was sent across the mountains with 
presents to appease the savages. Col. Lee, and some Virginians accompa- 
nied him with the intention of sounding the Indians upon their feelings 
regarding the English. They were not satisfied with their treatment, 
and plainly told the Commissioners why. The English did not desire the 
cultivation of the country, but the monopoly of the Indian trade. In 
1748, the Ohio Company was formed, and petitioned the king for a grant 
of land beyond the Alleghenies. This was granted, and the government 
of Virginia was ordered to grant to them a half million acres, two hun- 
dred thousand of which were to be located at once. Upon the 12th of 
June, 1749, 800,000 acres from the line of Canada north and west was 
made to the Loyal Company, and on the 29th of October, 1751, 100,000 
acres were given to the Greenbriar Company. All this time the French 
were not idle. They saw that, should the British gain a foothold in the 
West, especially upon the Ohio, they might not only prevent the French 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY, 37 

settling upon it, but in time would come to the lower posts and so gain 
possession of the whole country. Upon the 10th of May, 1774, Vaud- 
reuil. Governor of Canada and the French possessions, well knowino- the 
consequences that must arise from allowing the English to build trading 
posts in the Northwest, seized some of their frontier posts, and to further 
secure the claim of the French to the West, he, in 1749, sent Louis Cel- 
' eron with a party of soldiers to plant along the -Ohio River, in the mounds 
and at the mouths of its principal tributaries, plates of lead, on which 
were inscribed the claims of France. These were heard of in 1752, and 
within the memory of residents now living along the "■ Oyo," as the 
beautiful river was called by the French. One of these plates was found 
with the inscription partly defaced. It bears date August 16, 1749, and 
a copy of the inscription with particular account of the discovery of the 
plate, was sent by DeWitt Clinton to the American Antiquarian Society, 
among whose journals it may now be found.* These measures did not, 
however, deter the English from going on with their explorations, and 
though neither party resorted to arms, yet the conflict was gathering, and 
it was only a question of time when the storm would burst upon the 
frontier settlements. In 1750, Christopher Gist was sent by the Ohio 
Company to examine its lands. He went to a village of the Twigtwees, 
on the Miami, about one hundred and fifty miles above its mouth. He 
afterward spoke of it as very populous. From there he went down 
the Ohio River nearly to the falls at the present City of Louisville, 
and in November he commenced a survey of the Company's lands. Dur- 
ing the Winter, General Andrew Lewis performed a similar work for the 
Greenbriar Company. Meanwhile the French were busy in preparing 
their forts for defense, and in opening roads, and also sent a small party 
of soldiers to keep the Ohio clear. This party, having heard of the Eng- 
lish post on the Miami River, early in 1652, assisted by the Ottawas and 
Chippewas, attacked it, and, after a severe battle, in which fourteen of 
the natives were killed and others wounded, captured the garrison. 
(They were probably garrisoned in a block house). The traders were 
carried away to Canada, and one account says several were burned. This 
fort or post was called by the English Pickawillany. A memorial of the 
king's ministers refers to it as " Pickawillanes, in the center of the terri- 
tory between the Ohio and the Wabash. The name is probably some 
variation of Pickaway or Picqua in 1773, written by Rev. David Jones 
Pickaweke." 

■• The following is a translation of the inscription on the plate: "In the year 1749. reign of Louis XV., 
King of France, we, Celeron, commandant of a detachment by Monsieur the Marquis of Gallisoniere, com- 
mander-in-chief of New France, to establish tranquility in certain Indian villages of these cantons, liave 
buried this plate at the confluence of the Toradakoin, this twenty- ninth of July, near the river Ohio, otherwise 
Beautiful River, as a monument of renewal of possession which we have taken of the said river, and all its 
tributaries; inasmuch as the preceding Kings of France have enjoyed it, and maintained it by their arms and 
treaties; especially by those of Ryswick, Utrecht, and Aix La Chapelle." 



88 THE NORTHWEST TERRlTOEl. 

This was the first bloodshed between tlie French and English, and 
occurred near the present City of Piqua, Ohio, or at least at a point about 
forty-seven miles north of Dayton. Each nation became now more inter- 
ested in the progress of events in the Northwest. The English deter- 
mined to purchase from the Indians a title to the lands they wished to 
occupy, and Messrs. Fry (afterward Commander-in-chief over Washing- 
ton at the commencement of the French War of 1775-1763), Lomax and 
Patton were sent in the Spring of 1752 to hold a conference with the 
natives at Logstown to learn what they objected to in the treaty of Lan- 
caster already noticed, and to settle all difQculties. On the 9th of June, 
these Commissioners met the red men at Logstown, a little village on the 
north bank of the Ohio, about seventeen miles below the site of Pitts- 
burgh. Here had been a trading point for many years, but it was aban- 
doned by the Indians in 1750. At first the Indians declined to recognize 
the treaty of Lancaster, but, the Commissioners taking aside Montour, 
the interpreter, who was a son of the famous Catharine Montour, and a 
chief among the six nations, induced him to use his influence in their 
favor. This he did, and upon the I3th of June they all united in signing 
a deed, confirming the Lancaster treaty in its full extent, consenting to a 
settlement of the southeast of the Ohio, and guaranteeing that it should 
not be disturbed by them. These were the means used to obtain the first 
treaty with the Indians in the Ohio Valley. 

Meanwhile the powers beyond the sea were trying to out-manoeuvre 
each other, and were professing to be at peace. The English generally 
outwitted the Indians, and failed in many instances to fulfill their con- 
tracts. They thereb}' gained the ill-will of the red men, and further 
increased the feeling by failing to provide them with arms and ammuni- 
tion. Said an old chief, at Easton, in 1758 : " The Indians on the Ohio 
left you because of your own fault. When we heard the French were 
coming, we asked you for help and arms, but we did not get them. The 
French came, they treated us kindly, and gained our affections. The 
Governor of Virginia settled on our lands for his own benefit, and, when 
we wanted help, forsook us."' 

At the beginning of 1653, the English thought they had secured by 
title the lands in the West, but the French had quietly gathered cannon 
and military stores to be in readiness for the expected blow. The Eng- 
lish made other attempts to ratify these existing treaties, but not until 
the Summer could the Indians be gathered together to discuss the plans 
of the French. They had sent messages to the French, warning them 
away ; but they replied that they intended to complete the chain of forts 
already begun, and would not abandon the field. 

Soon after this, no satisfaction being obtained from the Ohio regard- 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 39 

ing the positions and purposes of the French, Governor Dinwiddie of 
Virginia determined to send to them another messenger and learn from 
them, if possible, their intentions. ' For this purpose he selected a young 
man, a surveyor, who, at the early age of nineteen, had. received the rank 
of major, and who was thoroughly posted regarding frontier life. This 
personage was no other than the illustrious George Washington, wlio then 
held considerable interest in Western lands. He was at this time just 
twenty-two years of age. Taking Gist as his guide, the two, accompanied 
by four servitors, set out on their perilous march. They left Will's 
Creek on the 10th of November, 1753, and on the 22d reached the Monon- 
gahela, about ten miles above the fork. From there they went to 
Logstown, where Washington had a long conference with the chiefs of 
the Six Nations. From them he learned the condition of the French, and 
also heard of their determination not to come down the river till the fol- 
lowing Spring. The Indians were non-committal, as they were afraid to 
turn either way, and, as far as they could, desired to remain neutral. 
Washington, finding nothing could be done with them, went on to 
Venango, an old Indian town at the mouth of French Creek. Here the 
French had a fort, called Fort Machault. Through the rum and flattery 
of the French, he nearly lost all his Indian followers. Finding nothing 
of importance here, he pursued his way amid great privations, and on the 
11th of December reached the fort at the head of French Creek. Here 
he delivered Governor Dinwiddle's letter, received his answer, took his 
observations, and on the 16th set out upon his return journey with no one 
but Gist, his guide, and a few Indians who still remained true to him, 
notwithstanding the endeavors of the French to retain them. Their 
homeward journey was one of great peril and suffering from the cold, yet 
they reached home in safety on the 6th of January, 1754. 

From the letter of St. Pierre, commander of the French fort, sent by 
Washington to Governor Dinwiddie, it was learned that the French would 
not give up without a struggle. Active preparations were at once made 
in all the English colonies for the coming conflict, while the French 
finished the fort at Venango and strengthened their lines of fortifications, 
and gathered their forces to be in readiness. 

The Old Dominion was all alive. Virginia was the center of great 
activities ; volunteers were called for, and from all the - neighboring 
colonies men rallied to the conflict, and everywhere along the Potomac 
men were enlisting under the Governor's proclamation — which promised 
two hundred thousand acres on the Ohio. Along this river they were 
gathering as far as Will's Creek, and far beyond this point, whither Trent 
had come for assistance for his little band of forty-one men, Avho were 



40 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

working away in hunger and Avant, to fortify that point at the fork of 
the Ohio, to which both parties were looking with deep interest. 

" The first birds of Spring filled' the air with their song; the sWift 
river rolled by the Allegheny hillsides, swollen by the melting snows of 
Spring and the April showers. The leaves were appearing ; a few Indian 
scouts were seen, but no enemy seemed near at hand ; and all was so quiet, 
that Frazier, an old Indian scout and trader, who had been left by Trent 
in command, ventured to his home at the mouth of Turtle Creek, ten 
miles up the Monongahela. But, though all was so quiet in that wilder- 
ness, keen eyes had seen the low intrenchment rising at the fork, and 
swift feet had borne the news of it up the river ; and upon the morning 
of the 17th of April, Ensign Ward, who then had charge of it, saw 
upon the Allegheny a sight that made his heart sink — sixty batteaux and 
three hundred canoes filled with men, and laden deep with cannon and 
stores. * * * That evening he supped with his captor, Contrecoeur, 
and the next day he was bowed off by the Frenchman, and with his men 
and tools, marched up the Monongahela." 

The French and Indian war had begun. The treaty of Aix la 
Chapelle, in 1748, had left the boundaries between the French and 
English possessions unsettled, and the events already narrated show the 
French were determined to hold the country watered b}^ the Mississippi 
and its tributaries ; while the English laid claims to the country by virtue 
of the discoveries of the Cabots, and claimed all the country from New- 
foundland to Florida, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The 
first decisive blow had now been struck, and the first attempt of the 
English, through the Ohio Company, to occupy these lands, had resulted 
disastrously to them. The French and Indians immediately completed 
the fortifications begun at the Fork, which they had so easily captured, 
and when completed gave to the fort the name of DuQuesne. Washing- 
ton was at Will's Creek when the news of the capture of the fort arrived. 
He at once departed to recapture it. On his way he entrenched him- 
self at a place called the " Meadows," where he erected a fort called 
by him Fort Necessity. From there he surprised and captured a force of 
French and Indians marching against him, but was soon after attacked 
in his fort b}^ a much superior force, and was obliged to yield on the 
morning of July 4th. He was allowed to return to Virginia. 

The English Government immediately planned four campaigns ; one 
against Fort DuQuesne ; one against Nova Scotia ; one against Fort 
Niagara, and one against Crown Point. These occurred during 1755-6, 
and were not successful in driving the French from their possessions. 
The expedition against Fort DuQuesne was led by the famous General 
Braddock, who, refusing to listen to the advice of Washington and those 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 41 

acquainted with Indian warfare, suffered such an inglorious defeat. This 
occurred on the morning of July 9th, and is generally known as the battle 
of Monongahela, or " Braddock's Defeat." . The war continued with 
various vicissitudes through the years 1756-7 ; when, at the commence- 
ment of 1758, in accordance with the plans of William Pitt, then Secre- 
tary of State, afterwards Lord Chatham, active preparations were made to 
carry on the war. Three expeditions were planned for this year : one, 
under General Amherst, against Louisburg ; another, under Abercrombie, 
against Fort Ticonderoga ; and a third, under General Forbes, against 
Fort DuQuesne. On the 26th of July, Louisburg surrendered after a 
desperate resistance of more than forty days, and the eastern part of the 
Canadian possessions fell into the hands of the British. Abercrombie 
captured Fort Frontenac, and when the expedition against Fort DuQuesne, 
of which Washington had the active command, arrived there, it was 
found in flames and deserted. The English at once took possession, 
rebuilt the fort, and in honor of their illustrious statesman, changed the 
name to Fort Pitt. 

The great object of the campaign of 1759, was the reduction of 
Canada. General Wolfe was to lay siege to Quebec ; Amherst was to 
reduce Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and General Prideaux was to 
capture Niagara. This latter place was taken in July, but the gallant 
Prideaux lost his life in the attempt. Amherst captured Ticonderoga 
and Crown Point without a blow ; and Wolfe, after making the memor- 
able ascent to the Plains of Abraham, on September 13th, defeated 
Montcalm, and on the 18th, the city capitulated. In this engagement 
Montcolm and Wolfe both lost their lives. De Levi, Montcalm's successor, 
marched to Sillery, three miles above the city, with the purpose of 
defeating the English, and there, on the 28th of the following April, was 
fought one of the bloodiest battles of the French and Indian War. It 
resulted in the defeat of the French, and the fall of the City of Montreal. 
The Governor signed a capitulation by which the whole of Canada was 
surrendered to the English. This practically concluded the war, but it 
was not until 1763 that the treaties of peace between France and England 
were signed. This was done on the 10th of February of that year, and 
under its provisions all the country east of the Mississippi and north of 
the Iberville River, in Louisiana, were ceded to England. At the same 
time Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain, 

On the 13th of September, 1760, Major Robert Rogers was sent 
from Montreal to take charge of Detroit, the only remaining French post 
in the territory. He arrived there on the 19th of November, and sum- 
moned the place to surrender. At first the commander of the post, 
Beletre. refused, but on the 29th, hearing of the continued defeat of the 



42 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

French arms, surrendered. Rogers remained there until December 23d 
under the personal protection of the celebrated chief, Pontiac, to whom, 
no doubt, he owed his safety. Pontiac had come here to inquire the 
purposes of the English in taking possession of the country. He was 
assured that they came simply to trade with the natives, and did not 
desire their country. This 'answer conciliated the savages, and did much 
to insure the safety of Rogers and his party during their stay, and while 
on their journey home. 

' Rogers set out for Fort Pitt on December 23, and was just one 
month on the way. His route was from Detroit to Maumee, thence 
across the present State of Ohio directly to the fort. This was the com- 
mon trail of the Indians in their journeys from Sandusky to the fork of 
the Ohio. It went from Fort Sandusky, where Sandusky City now is, 
crossed the Huron river, then called Bald Eagle Creek, to " Mohickon 
John's Town"' on Mohickon Creek, the northern branch of White 
Woman's River, and thence crossed to Beaver's Town, a Delaware town 
on what is now Sandy Creek. At Beaver's Town were probably one 
hundred and fifty warriors, and not less than three thousand acres of 
cleared land. From there the track went up Sandy Creek to and across 
Big Beaver, and up the Ohio to Logstown, thence on to the fork. 

The Northwest Territory was now entirely under the English rule. 
New settlements began to be rapidly made, and the promise of a large 
trade was speedily manifested. Had the British carried out their promises 
with the natives none of those savage butcheries would have been perpe- 
trated, and the country would have been spared their recital. 

The renowned chief, Pontiac, was one of the leading spirits in these 
atrocities. We will now pause in our narrative, and notice the leading 
events in his life. The earliest authentic information regarding this 
noted Indian chief is learned from an account of an Indian trader named 
Alexander Henry, who, in the Spring of 1761, penetrated his domains as 
far as Missillimacnac. Pontiac was then a great friend of the French, 
but a bitter foe of the English, whom he considered as encroaching on his 
hunting grounds. Henry was obliged to disguise himself as a Canadian 
to insure safety, but was discovered by Pontiac, who bitterly reproached 
him and the English for their attempted subjugation of the West. He 
declared that no treaty had been made with them ; no presents sent 
them, and that he would resent any possession of the West by that nation. 
He was at the time about fifty years of age, tall and dignified, and was 
civil and militai'y ruler of the Ottawas, Ojibwas and Pottawatamies. 

The Indians, from Lake Michigan to the borders of North Carolina, 
were united in this feeling, and at the time of the treaty of Paris, ratified 
February 10, 1763, a general conspiracy was formed to fall suddenly 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITOKY. 



4:3 




PONTIAC, THE OTTAWA CHIEFTAIN. 



44 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

upon the frontier British posts, and with one blow strike every man dead. 
Pontiac was the marked leader in all this, and was the commander 
of the Chippewas, Ottawas, Wyandots, Miamis, Shawanese, Delawares 
and Mingoes, who had, for the time, laid aside their local quarrels to unite 
in this enterprise. 

The blow came, as near as can now be ascertained, on May 7, 1768. 
Nine British posts fell, and the Indians drank, " scooped up in the hollow 
of joined hands," the blood of many a Briton. 

Pontiac's immediate field of action was the garrison at Detroit. 
Here, however, the plans were frustrated by an Indian woman disclosing 
the plot the evening previous to his arrival. Everything was carried out, 
however, according to Pontiac's plans until the moment of action, when 
Major Gladwyn, the commander of the post, stepping to one of the Indian 
chiefs, suddenly drew aside^his blanket and disclosed the concealed 
musket. Pontiac, though a brave man, turned pale and trembled. He 
saw his plan was known, knd that the garrison were prepared. He 
endeavored to exculpate himself from any such intentions ; but the guilt 
was evident, and he and his followers were dismissed with a sever© 
reprimand, and warned never to again enter the walls of the post. 

Pontiac at once laid siege to the fort, and until the treaty of peace 
between the British and the Western Indians, concluded in August, 1764, 
continued to harass and besiege the fortress. He organized a regular 
commissariat department, issued bills of credit written out on bark, 
which, to his credit, it may be stated, were punctually redeemed. At 
the conclusion of the treaty, in which it seems he took no part, he went 
further south, living many years among the Illinois. 

He had given up all hope of saving his country and race. After a 
time he endeavored to unite the Illinois tribe and those about St. Louis 
in a war with the whites. His efforts were fruitless, and only ended in a 
quarrel between himself and some Kaskaskia Indians, one of whom soon 
afterwards killed him. His death was, however, avenged by the northern 
Indians, who nearly exterminated the Illinois in the wars which followed. 

Had it not been for the treachery of a few of his followers, his plan 
for the extermination of the whites, a masterly one, would undoubtedly 
have been carried out. 

It was in the Spring of the year following Rogers' visit that Alex- 
ander Henry went to Missillimacnac, and everywhere found the strongest 
feelings against the English, who had not carried out their promises, and 
were doing nothing to conciliate the natives. Here he met the chief, 
Pontiac, who, after conveying to him in a speech the idea that their 
French father would awake soon and utterly destroy his enemies, said : 
*' Englishman, although you have conquered the French, you have not 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 45 

yet conquered us ! We are not your slaves ! These lakes, these woods, 
these mountains, were left us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance, 
and we will part with them to none. Your nation supposes that we, like 
the white people, can not live without bread and pork and beef. But you 
ought to know that He, the Great Spirit and Master of Life, has provided 
food for ns upon these broad lakes and in these mountains." 

He then spoke of the fact that no treaty had been made with them, 
110 presents sent them, and that he and his people were yet for war. 
Such were the feelings of the Northwestern Indians immediately after 
the English took possession of their country. These feelings were no 
doubt encouraged by the Canadians and French, who hoped that yet the 
French arms might prevail. The treaty of Paris, however, gave to the 
English the right to this vast domain, and active preparations were going 
on to occupy it and enjoy its trade and emoluments. 

In 1762, France, by a secret treaty, ceded Louisiana to Spain, to pre- 
vent it falling into the hands of the English, who were becoming masters 
of the entire West. The next year the treaty of Paris, signed at Fon- 
tainbleau, gave to the English the domain of the country in question. 
Twenty years after, by the treaty of peace between the United States 
and England, that part of Canada lying south and west of the Great 
Lakes, comprehending a large territory which is the subject of these 
sketches, was acknowledged to be a portion of the United States ; and 
twenty j^ears still later, in 1803, Louisiana was ceded by Spain back to 
France, and by France sold to the United States. 

In the half century, from the building of the Fort of Crevecceur by 
LaSalle, in 1680, up to the erection of Fort Chartres, many French set- 
tlements had been made in that quarter. These have already been 
noticed, being those at St. Vincent (Vincennes), Kohokia or Cahokia, 
Kaskaskia and Prairie du Rocher, on the American Bottom, a large tract 
of rich alluvial soil in Illinois, on the Mississippi, opposite the site of St. 
Louis. 

By the treaty of Paris, the regions east of the Mississippi, including 
all these and other towns of the Northwest, were given over to England; 
but they do hot appear to have been taken possession of until 1765, when 
Captain Stirling, in the name of the Majesty of England, established him- 
self at Fort Chartres bearing with him the proclamation of General Gage, 
dated December 30, 1764, which promised religious freedom to all Cath- 
olics who worshiped here, and a right to leave the country with their 
effects if they wished, or to remain with the privileges of Englishmen. 
It was shortly after the occupancy of the West by the British that the 
war with Pontiac opened. It is already noticed in the sketch of that 
chieftain. By it many a Briton lost his life, and many a frontier settle- 



46 THE NOETHAVEST TERRITORY. 

ment in its infancy ceased to exist. This was not ended until the year 
1764, when, failing to capture Detroit, Niagara and Fort Pitt, his confed- 
eracy became disheartened, and, receiving ho aid from the French, Pon- 
tiac abandoned the enterprise and departed to the Illinois, among whom 
he afterward lost his life. 

As soon as these difficulties were definitely settled, settlers began 
rapidly to survey the country and prepare for occupation. During the 
year 1770, a number of persons from Virginia and other British provinces 
explored and marked out nearly all the valuable lands on the Mononga- 
hela and along the banks of the Ohio as far as the Little Kanawha. This 
was followed by another exploring expedition, in which George Washing- 
ton was a party. The latter, accompanied by Dr. Craik, Capt. Crawford 
and others, on the 20th of October, 1770, descended the Ohio from Pitts- 
burgh to the mouth of the Kanawha ; ascended that stream about fourteen 
miles, marked out several large tracts of land, shot several buffalo, which 
were then abundant in the Ohio Valley, and returned to the fort. 

Pittsburgh was at this time a trading post, about which was clus- 
tered a village of some twenty houses, inhabited by Indian traders. This 
same year, Capt. Pittman visited Kaskaskia and its neighboring villages. 
He found there about sixty-five resident families, and at Cahokia only 
forty-five dwellings. At Fort Chartres was another small settlement, and 
at Detroit the garrison were quite prosperous and strong. For a year 
or two settlers continued to locate near some of these posts, generally 
Fort Pitt or Detroit, owing to the fears of the Indians, who still main- 
tained some feelings of hatred to the English. The trade from the posts 
was quite good, and from those in Illinois large quantities of pork and 
flour found their way to the New Orleans market. At this time the 
policy of the British Government was strongly opposed to the extension 
of the colonies west. In 1763, the King of England forbade, by royal 
proclamation, his colonial subjects from making a settlement beyond the 
sources of the rivers which fall into the Atlantic Ocean. At the instance 
of the Board of Trade, measures were taken to prevent the settlement 
without the limits prescribed, and to retain the commerce within easy 
reach of Great Britain. 

The commander-in-chief of the king's forces wrote in 1769 : " In the 
course of a few years necessity will compel the colonists, should they 
extend their settlements west, to provide manufactures of some kind for 
themselves, and when all connection upheld by commerce with the mother 
country ceases, an independency in their government will soon follow." 

In accordance with this policy. Gov. Gage issued a proclamation 
in 1772, commanding the inhabitants of Vincennes to abandon their set- 
tlements and join some of the Eastern English colonies. To this they 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 47 

strenuously objected, giving good reasons therefor, and were allowed to 
remain. The strong opposition to this policy of Great Britain led to its 
change, and to such a course as to gain the attachment of the French 
population. In December, 1773, influential citizens of Quebec petitioned 
the king for an extension of the boundary lines of that province, which 
was granted, and Parliament passed an act on June 2, 177-4, extend- 
ing the boundary so as to include the territory lying within the present 
States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan. 

In consequence of the liberal policy pursued by the British Govern- 
ment toward the French settlers in the West, they were disposed to favor 
that nation in the war which soon followed with the colonies ; but the 
early alliance between France and America soon brought them to the side 
of the war for independence. 

In 1774, Gov. Dunmore, of Virginia, began to encourage emigration 
to the Western lands. He appointed magistrates ,at Fort Pitt under the 
pretense that the fort was under the government of that commonwealth. 
One of these justices, John Connelly, who possessed a tract of land in the 
Ohio Valley, gathered a force of men and garrisoned the fort, calling it 
Fort Dunmore. This and other parties were formed to select sites for 
settlements, and often came in conflict with the Indians, who yet claimed 
portions of the valley, and several battles followed. These ended in the 
famous battle of Kanawha in July, where the Indians were defeated and 
driven across the Ohio. 

During the years 1775 and 1776, by the operations of land companies 
and the perseverance of individuals, several settlements were firmly estab- 
lished between the Alleghanies and the Ohio River, and western land 
speculators were busy in Illinois and on the Wabash. At a council held 
in Kaskaskia on July 5, 1773, an association of English traders, calling 
themselves the " Illinois Land Company," obtained from ten chiefs of the 
Kaskaskia, Cahokia and Peoria tribes two large tracts of land lying on 
the east side of the Mississippi River south of the Illinois. In 1775, a mer- 
chant from the Illinois Country, named Viviat, came to Post Vincennes 
as the agent of the association called the " Wabash Land Company." On 
the 8th of October he obtained from eleven Piankeshaw chiefs, a deed for 
37,497,600 acres of land. This deed was signed by the grantors, attested 
by a number of the inhabitants of Vincennes, and afterward recorded in 
the office of a notary public at Kaskaskia. This and other land com- 
panies had extensive schemes for the colonization of the West ; but all 
were frustrated by the breaking out of the Revolution. On the 20th of 
April, 1780, the two companies named consolidated under the name of the 
"United Illinois and Wabash Land Company." They afterward made 



48 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

strenuous efforts to have these grants sanctioned by Congress, but all 
signally failed. 

When the War of the Revolution commenced, Kentucky was an unor- 
ganized country, though there were several settlements within her borders. 

In Hutchins' Topography of Virginia, it is stated that at that time 
" Kaskaskia contained 80 houses, and nearly 1,000 white and black in- 
habitants — the whites being a little the more numerous. Cahokia con- 
tains 50 houses and 300 white inhabitants, and 80 negroes. There M^ere 
east of the Mississippi River, about the year 1771 " — when these observa- 
tions were made — " 300 white men capable of bearing arms, and 230 
negroes." 

From 1775 until the expedition of Clark, nothing is recorded and 
nothing known of these settlements, save what is contained in a report- 
made by a committee to Congress in June, 1778. From it the following 
extract is made : 

" Near the mouth of the River Kaskaskia, there is a village which 
appears to have contained nearly eighty families from the beginning of 
the late revolution. There are twelve families in a small village at la 
Prairie du Rochers, and near fifty families at the Kahokia Village. There 
are also four or five families at Fort Chartres and St. Philips, which is five 
miles further up the river." 

St. Louis had been settled in February, 1764, and at this time con- 
tained, including its neighboring towns, over six hundred whites and one 
hundred and fifty negroes. It must be remembered that all the country 
west of the Mississippi Avas now under French rule, and remained so until 
ceded again to Spain, its original owner, who afterwards sold it and the 
country including New Orleans to the United States. At Detroit there 
were, according to Capt. Carver, who was in the Northwest from 1766 to 
1768, more than one hundred houses, and the river was settled for more 
than twenty miles, although poorly cultivated — the people being ^engaged 
in the Indian trade. This old town has a history, which we will here 
relate. 

It is the oldest town in the Northwest, having been founded by 
Antoine de Lamotte Cadillac, in 1701. It was laid out in the form of an 
oblong square, of two acres in length, and an acre and a half in width. 
As described by A. D. Frazer, who first visited it and became a permanent 
resident of the place, in 1778, it comprised within its limits that space 
between Mr. Palmer's store (Conant Block) and Capt. Perkins' house 
(near the Arsenal building), and extended back as far as the public barn, 
and was bordered in front by the Detroit River. It was surrounded by 
oak and cedar pickets, about fifteen feet long, set in the ground, and had 
four gates — east, west, north and south. Over the first three of these 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 49 

gates were block houses provided with four guns apiece, each a six- 
pounder. Two six-gun batteries were planted fronting the river and in a 
parallel direction with the block houses. There were four streets running'- 
east and west, the main street being twenty feet wide and the rest fifteen 
feet, while the four streets crossing these at right angles were from ten 
to fifteen feet in width. 

At the date spoken of by Mr. Frazer, there was no fort within the 
enclosure, but a citadel on the ground corresponding to the present 
northwest corner of Jefferson Avenue and Wayne Street. The citadel was 
inclosed by pickets, and within it were erected barracks of wood, two 
stories high, suflBcient to contain ten oflBcers, and also barracks sufficient 
to contain four hundred men, and a provision store built of brick. The 
citadel also contained a hospital and guard-house. The old town of 
Detroit, in 1778, contained about sixty houses, most of them one story, 
with a few a story and a half in height. They were all of logs, some 
hewn and some round. There was one building of splendid appearance, 
called the " King's Palace," two stories high, which stood near the east 
gate. It was built for Governor Hamilton, the fi^-st governor commissioned 
by the British. There were two guard-houses, one near the west gate and 
the other near the Government House. Each of the guards consisted of 
twenty -four men and a subaltern, who mounted regularly every morning 
between nine and ten o'clock. Each furnished four sentinels, who were 
relieved every two hours. There was also an officer of the day, who per- 
formed strict duty. Each of the gates was shut regularly at sunset ; 
even wicket gates were shut at nine o'clock, and all the keys were 
delivered into the hands of the commanding officer. They were opened 
in the morning at sunrise. No Indian or squaw was permitted to enter 
town with any weapon, such as a tomahawk or a knife. It was a stand- 
ing order that the Indians should deliver their arms and instruments of 
every kind before they were permitted to pass the sentinel, and they were 
restored to them on their return. No more than twenty-five Indians were 
allowed to enter the town at any one time, and they were admitted only 
at the east and west gates. At sundown the drums beat, and all the 
Indians were required to leave town instantly. There was a council house 
near the water side for the purpose of holding council with the Indians. 
The population of the town was about sixty families, in all about two 
hundred males and one hundred females. This town was destroyed by 
fire, all except one dwelling, in 1805. After which the present " new " 
town was laid out. 

On the breaking out of the Revolution, the British held every post of 
importance in the West. Kentucky was formed as a component part of 
Virginia, and the sturdy pioneers of the West, alive to their interests. 



60 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

and recognizing the great benefits of obtaining the control of the trade in 
this part of the New Woiid, held steadily to their purposes, and those 
within the commonwealth of Kentucky proceeded to exercise their 
civil privileges, by electing John Todd and Richard Gallaway^ 
burgesses to represent them in the Assembly of the parent state. 
Early in September of that year (1777) the first court was held 
in Harrodsburg, and Col. Bowman, afterwards major, who had arrived 
in August, was made the commander of a militia organization which 
had been commenced the March previous. Thus the tree of loyalty 
was growing. The chief spirit in this far-out colony, who had represented 
her the year previous east of the mountains, was now meditating a move 
unequaled in its boldness. He had been watching the movements of the 
British throughout the Northwest, and understood their whole plan. Ht. 
saw it was through their possession of the posts at Detroit, Vincennes, 
Kaskaskia, and other places, which would give them constant and easy 
access to the various Indian tribes in the Northwest, that the British 
intended to penetrate the country from the north and south, and annihi- 
late the frontier fortresses. This moving, energetic man was Colonel, 
afterwards General, George Rogers Clark. He knew the Indians were not 
unanimously in accord with the English, and he was convinced that, could 
the British be defeated and expelled from the Northwest, the natives 
might be easily awed into neutrality ; and by spies sent for the purpose, 
he satisfied himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settlements 
might easily succeed. Having convinced himself of the certainty of the 
project, he repaired to the Capital of Virginia, which place he reached on 
November 5th. While he was on his way, fortunately, on October 17th, 
Burgoyne had been defeated, and the spirits of the colonists greatly 
encouraged thereby. Patrick Henry was Governor of Virginia, and at 
once entered heartily into Clark's plans. The same plan had before been 
agitated in the Colonial Assemblies, but there was no one until Clark 
came who was sufficiently acquainted with the condition of affairs at the 
scene of action to be able to guide them. 

Clark, having satisfied the Virginia leaders of the feasibility of his 
plan, received, on the 2d of January, two sets of instructions — one secret, 
the other open — the latter authorized him to proceed to enlist seven 
companies to go to Kentucky, subject to his orders, and to serve three 
months from their arrival in the West. The secret order authorized him 
to arm these troops, to procure his powder and lead of General Hand 
at Pittsburgh, and to proceed at once to subjugate the country. 

With these instructions Clark repaired to Pittsburgh, choosing rather 
to raise his men west of the mountains, as he well knew all were needed 
in the colonies in the conflict there. He sent Col. W, B. Smith to Hoi- 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 51 

ston for the same purpose, but neither succeeded in raising the required 
number of men. Tlie settlers in these parts were afraid to leave their 
own firesides exposed to a vigilant foe, and but few could be induced to 
join the proposed expedition. With three companies and several private 
volunteers, Clark at length commenced his descent of the Ohio, which he 
navigated a^far as the Falls, where he took possession of and fortified 
Corn Island, a small island between the present Cities of Louisville, 
Kentucky, and New Albany, Indiana. Remains of this fortification may 
yet be found. At this place he appointed Col. Bowman to meet him 
with such recruits as had reached Kentucky by the southern route, and 
as many as could be spared from the station. Here he announced to 
the men their real destination. Having completed his arrangements, 
and chosen his party, he left a small garrison upon the island, and on the 
24th of June, during a total eclipse of the sun, which to them augured 
no good, and which fixes beyond dispute the date of starting, he with 
his chosen band, fell down the river. His plan was to go by water as 
far as Fort Massac or Massacre, and thence march direct to Kaskaskia. 
Here he intended to surprise the garrison, and after its capture go to 
Cahokia, then to Vincennes, and lastly to Detroit. Should he fail, he 
intended to march directly to the Mississippi River and cross it into the 
Spanish country. Before his start he received two good items of infor- 
mation : one that the alliance had been formed between France and the 
United States ; and the other that the Indians throughout the Illinois 
country and the inhabitants, at the various frontier posts, had been led to 
believe by the British that the " Long Knives " or Virginians, were the 
most fierce, bloodthirsty and cruel savages that ever scalped a foe. With 
this impression on their minds, Clark saw that proper management would 
cause them to submit at once from fear, if surprised, and then from grati- 
tude would become friendly if treated with unexpected leniency. 

The march to Kaskaskia was accomplished through a hot July sun, 
and the town reached on the evening of July 4. He captured the fort 
near the village, and soon after the village itself by surprise, and without 
the loss of a single man or by killing any of the enemy. After sufiiciently 
working upon the fears of the natives, Clark told them they were at per- 
fect liberty to worship as they pleased, and to take whichever side of the 
great conflict they would, also he would protect them from any barbarity 
from British or Indian foe. This had the desired effect, and the inhab- 
itants, so unexpectedly and so gratefully surprised by the unlocked 
for turn of affairs, at once swore allegiance to the American arms, and - 
when Clark desired to go to Cahokia on the 6th of July, they accom- 
panied him, and through their influence the inhabitants of the place 
surrendered, and gladly placed themselves under his protection. Thus 



02 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

the two important posts in Illinois passed from the hands of the English 
into the possession of Virginia. 

In the person of the priest at Kaskaskia, M. Gibault, Clark found a 
powerful ally and generous friend. Clark saw that, to retain possession 
of the Northwest and treat successfully with the Indians within its boun- 
daries, he must establish a government for the colonies he had taken. 
St. Vincent, the next important post to Detroit, remained yet to be taken 
before the Mississippi Valley was conquered. M. Gibault told him that 
he would alone, by persuasion, lead Vincennes to throw off its connectioa 
with England. Clark gladly accepted his offer, and on the 14th of July, 
in company with a fellow-townsman, M. Gibault started on his mission of 
peace, and on the 1st of August returned with the cheerful intelligence 
that the post on the " Oubache " had taken the oath of allegiance to 
the Old Dominion. During this interval, Clark established his courts^ 
placed garrisons at Kaskaskia and Cahokia, successfully re-enlisted his 
men, sent word to have a fort, which proved the germ of Louisville^ 
erected at the Falls of the Ohio, and dispatched Mr. Rocheblave, who 
had been commander at Kaskaskia, as a prisoner of war to Richmond. 
In October the County of Illinois was established by the Legislature 
of Virginia, John Todd appointed Lieutenant Colonel and Civil Governor, 
and in November General Clark and his men received the thanks of 
the Old Dominion through their Legislature. 

In a speech a few days afterward, Clark made known fully to the 
natives his plans, and at its close all came forward and swore alle- 
giance to the Long Knives. While he was doing this Governor Hamilton, 
having made his various arrangements, had left Detroit and moved down 
the Wabash to Vincennes intending to operate from that point in reducing 
the Illinois posts, and then proceed on down to Kentucky and drive the 
rebels from the West. Gen. Clark had, on the return of M. Gibault, 
dispatched Captain Helm, of Fauquier County, Virginia, with an attend- 
ant named Henry, across the Illinois prairies to command the fort. 
Hamilton knew nothing of the capitulation of the post, and was greatly 
surprised on his arrival to be confronted by Capt. Helm, who, standing at 
the entrance of the fort by a loaded cannon ready to fire upon his assail- 
ants, demanded upon what terms Hamilton demanded possession of the 
fort. Being granted the rights of a prisoner of war, he surrendered to 
the British General, who could scarcely believe his eyes when he saw the 
force in the garrison. 

Hamilton, not realizing the character of the men with whom he was 
contending, gave up his intended campaign for the Winter, sent his four 
hundred Indian warriors to prevent troops from coming down the Ohio, 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 53 

and to annoy the Americans in oil ways, and sat quietly down to pass the 
Winter. Information of all these proceedings having reached Clark, he 
saw that immediate and decisive action was necessary, and that unless 
he captnred Hamilton, Hamilton would capture him. Clark received the 
news on the 29th of January, 1779, and on February 4th, having suffi- 
ciently garrisoned Kaskaskia and Cahokia, he sent down the Mississippi 
a " battoe," as Major Bowman writes it, in order to ascend the Ohio and 
Wabash, and operate with the land forces gathering for the fray. 

On the next day, Clark, with his little force of one hundred and 
twenty men, set out for the post, and after incredible hard marching 
through much mud, the ground being thawed by the incessant spring 
rains, on the 22d reached the fort, and being joined by his " battoe,"' at 
once commenced the attack on the post. The aim of the American back- 
woodsman was unerring, and on the 24th the garrison surrendered to the 
intrepid boldness of Clark. The French were treated with great kind- 
ness, and gladly renewed their allegiance to Virginia. Hamilton was 
sent as a prisoner to Virginia, where he was kept in close confinement. 
During his command of the British frontier posts, he had offered prizes 
to the Indians for all the scalps of Americans they would bring to him, 
and had earned in consequence thereof the title " Hair-buyer General," 
by which he was ever afterward known. 

Detroit was now without doubt within easy reach of the enterprising 
Virginian, could he but raise the necessary force. Governor Henry being 
apprised of this, promised him the needed reinforcement, and Clark con- 
cluded to wait until he could capture and sufficiently garrison the posts. 
Had Clark failed in this bold undertaking, and Hamilton succeeded in 
uniting the western Indians for the next Spring's campaign, the West 
would indeed have been swept from the Mississippi to the Allegheny 
Mountains, and the great blow struck, which had been contemplated from 
the commencement, by the British. 

" But for this small army of dripping, but fearless Virginians, the 
union of all the tribes from Georgia to Maine against the colonies might 
have been effected, and the whole current of our history changed." 

At this time some fears were entertained by the Colonial Govern- 
ments that the Indians in the North and Northwest were inclining to the 
British, and under the instructions of Washington, now Commander-in- 
Chief of the Colonial army, and so bravely fighting for American inde- 
pendence, armed forces were sent against the Six Nations, and upon the 
Ohio frontier. Col. Bowman, acting under the same general's orders, 
marched against Indians within the present limits of that State. These 
expeditions were in the main successful, and the Indians were compelled 
to sue for peace. 



54 THE NORTHWEST TEKKITORY, 

During this same year (1779) the famous " Land Laws" of Virginia 
were passed. The passage of these laws was of more consequence to the 
pioneers of Kentucky and the Northwest than the gaining of a few Indian, 
conflicts. These laws confirmed in main all grants made, and guaranteed 
to all actual settlers their rights and privileges. After providing for the 
settlers, the laws provided for selling the balance of the public lands at 
forty cents per acre. To carry the Land Laws into effect, the Legislature 
sent four Virginians westward to attend to the various claims, over many 
of which great confusion prevailed concerning their validity. These 
gentlemen opened their court on October 13, 1779, at St. Asaphs, and 
continued until April 26, 1780, when they adjourned, having decided 
three thousand claims. They were succeeded by the surveyor, who 
came in the person of Mr. George May, and assumed his duties on the 
10th day of the month whose name he bore. With the opening of the 
next year (1780) the troubles concerning the navigation of the Missis- 
sippi commenced. The Spanish Government exacted such measures in 
relation to its trade as to cause the overtures made to the United States 
to be rejected. The American Government considered they had a right 
to navigate its channel. To enforce their claims, a fort was erected below 
the mouth of the Ohio on the Kentucky side of the river. The settle- 
ments in Kentucky were being rapidly filled by emigrants. It was dur- 
ing this year that the first seminary of learning was established in the 
West in this young and enterprising Commonwealth. 

The settlers here did not look upon the building of this fort in a 
friendly manner, as it aroused the hostility of the Indians. Spain had 
been friendly to the Colonies during their struggle for independence, 
and though for a while this friendship appeared in danger from the 
refusal of the free navigation of the river, yet it was finally settled to the 
satisfaction of both nations. 

The Winter of 1779-80 was one of the most unusually severe ones 
ever experienced in the West. The Indians always referred to it as the 
"Great Cold."' Numbers of wild animals perished, and not a few 
pioneers lost their lives. The following Summer a party of Canadians 
and Indians attacked St. Louis, and attempted to take possession of it 
in consequence of the friendly disposition of Spain to the revolting 
colonies. They met with such a determined resistance on the part of the 
inhabitants, even the women taking part in the battle, that they were 
compelled to abandon the contest. They also made an attack on the 
settlements in Kentucky, but, becoming alarmed in some unaccountable 
manner, they fied the country in great haste. 

About this time arose the question in the Colonial Congress con- 
cerning the western lands claimed by Virginia, New York, Massachusetts 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 55 

and Connecticut. The agitation concerning this subject finally led New 
York, on the 19th of February, 1780, to pass a law giving to the dele- 
gates of that State in Congress the power to cede her western lands for 
the benefit of the United States. This law was laid before Congress 
during the next month, but no steps were taken concerning it until Sep- 
tember 6th, when a resolution passed that body calling upon the States 
claiming western lands to release their claims in favor of the whole body. 
This basis formed the union, and was the first after all of those legislative 
measures which resulted in the creation of the States of Ohio, Indiana, 
Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. In December of the same 
year, the plan of conquering Detroit again arose. The conquest might 
have easily been effected by Clark had the necessary aid been furnished 
him. Nothing decisive was done, yet the heads of the Government knew 
that the safety of the Northwest from British invasion lay in the capture 
and retention of that important post, the only unconquered one in the 
territory. 

Before the close of the year, Kentucky was divided into the Coun- 
ties of Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson, and the act establishing the Town 
of Louisville was passed. This same year is also noted in the annals of 
American history as the year in which occurred Arnold's treason to the 
United States. 

Virginia, in accordance with the resolution of Congress, on the 2d 
day of January, 1781, agreed to yield her western lands to the United 
States upon certain conditions, which Congress would not accede to, and 
the Act of Cession, on the part of the Old Dominion, failed, nor was 
anything farther done until 1783. During all that time the Colonies 
were busily engaged in the struggle with the mother country, and in 
consequence thereof but little heed was given to the western settlements. 
Upon the 16th of April, 1781, the first birth north of the Ohio River of 
American parentage occurred, being that of Mary Heckewelder, daughter 
of the widely known Moravian missionary, whose band of Christian 
Indians suffered in after years a horrible massacre by the hands of the 
frontier settlers, who had been exasperated by the murder of several of 
their neighbors, and in their rage committed, without regard to humanity, 
a deed which forever afterwards cast a shade of shame upon their lives. 
For this and kindred outrages on the part of the whites, the Indians 
committed many deeds of cruelty which darken the years of 1771 and 
1772 in the history of the Northwest. 

During the year 1782 a number of battles among the Indians and 
frontiersmen occurred, and between the Moravian Indians and the Wyan- 
dots. In these, horrible acts of cruelty were practised on the captives, 
many of such dark deeds transpiring under the leadership of the notorious 



56 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



frontier outlaw, Simon Girty, whose name, as well as those of his brothers, 
was a terror to women and children. These occurred chiefly in the Ohio 
valleys. Cotemporary with them were several engagements in Kentucky, 
in which the famous Daniel Boone engaged, and who, often by his skill 
and knowledge of Indian warfare, saved the outposts from cruel destrue- 




1^'DIANS ATTACKINc; FJJONTIEUSMKN. 

tion. By the close of the year victory had perched upon the American 
banner, and on the 30th of November, provisional articles of peace had 
been arranged between the Commissioners of England and her uncon- 
querable colonies. Cornwallis had been defeated on the 19th of October 
preceding, and the liberty of America was assured. On the 19th of 
April following, the anniversary of the battle of Lexington, peace was 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 57 

proclaimed to the army of the United States, and on the 3d of the next 
September, the definite treaty which ended our revolutionary struoo-ie 
was concluded. By the terms of that treaty, the boundaries of the West 
were as follows : On the north the line was to extend along the center of 
the Great Lakes ; from the western point of Lake Superior to Long Lake ; 
thence to the Lake of the Woods ; thence to the head of the Mississippi 
River; down its center to the 31st parallel of latitude, then on that line 
east to the head of the Appalachicola River; down its center to its junc- 
tion with the Flint ; thence straight to the head of St. Mary's River, and 
thence down along its center to the Atlantic Ocean. 

Following the cessation of hostilities with England, several posts 
were still occupied by the British in the North and West. Among these 
was Detroit, still in the hands of the enemy. Numerous engagements 
with the Indians throughout Ohio and Indiana occurred, upon whose 
lands adventurous whites would settle ere the title had been acquired by 
the proper treaty. 

To remedy this latter evil. Congress appointed commissioners to 
treat with the natives and purchase their lands, and prohibited the set- 
tlement of the territory until this could be done. Before the close of the 
year another attempt was made to capture Detroit, which was, however, 
not pushed, and Virginia, no longer feeling the interest in the Northwest 
she had formerly done, withdrew her troops, having on the 20th of 
December preceding authorized the whole of her possessions to be deeded 
to the United States. This was done on the Ist of March following, and 
the Northwest Territory passed from the control of the Old Dominion. 
To Gen. Clark and his soldiers, however, she gave a tract of one hundred 
and fifty thousand acres of land, to be situated any where north of the 
Ohio wherever they chose to locate them. They selected the region 
opposite the falls of the Ohio, where is uow the dilapidated village of 
Clarksville, about midway between the Cities of New Albany and Jeffer- 
sonville, Indiana. 

While the frontier remained thus, and Gen. Haldimand at Detroit 
refused to evacuate alleging that he had no orders from his King to do 
so, settlers were rapidly gathering about the inland forts. In the Spring 
of 1784, Pittsburgh was regularly laid out, and from the journal of Arthur 
Lee, who passed through the town soon after on his way to the Indian 
council at Fort Mcintosh, we suppose it was not very prepossessing in 
appearance. He says : 

" Pittsburgh is inhabited almost entirely by Scots and Irish, who 
live in paltry log houses, and are as dirty as if in the north of Ireland or 
even Scotland. There is a great deal of trade carried on, the goods being 
bought at the vast expense of forty-five shillings per pound from Phila- 



58 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

delphia and Baltimore. They take in the shops flour, wheat, skins and 
money. There are in the town four attorneys, two doctors, and not a 
priest of any persuasion, nor church nor chapel." 

Kentucky at this time contained thirty thousand inhabitants, and 
was beginning to discuss measures for a separation from Virginia. A 
land office was opened at Louisville, and measures were adopted to take 
defensive precaution against the Indians who were yet, in some instances, 
incited to deeds of violence by the British. Before the close of this year, 
1784, the military claimants of land began to occupy them, although na 
entries were recorded until 1787. 

The Indian title to the Northwest was not yet extinguished. They 
held large tracts of lands, and in order to prevent bloodshed Congress 
adopted means for treaties with the original owners and provided for the 
surveys of the lands gained thereby, as well as for those north of the 
Ohio, now in its possession. On January 31, 1786, a treaty was made 
with the Wabash Indians. The treaty of Fort Stanwix had been made 
in 1784. That at Fort Mcintosh in 1785, and through these much land 
was gained. The Wabash Indians, however, afterward refused to comply 
with the provisions of the treaty made with them, and in order to compel 
their adherence to its provisions, force was used. During the year 1786, 
the free navigation of the Mississippi came up in Congress, and caused 
various discussions, which resulted in no definite action, only serving to 
excite speculation in regard to the western lands. Congress had promised 
bounties of land to the soldiers of the Revolution, but owing to the 
unsettled condition of affairs along the Mississippi respecting its naviga- 
tion, and the trade of the Northwest, that body had, in 1783, declared 
its inability to fulfill these promises until a treaty could be concluded 
between the two Governments. Before the close of the year 1786, how- 
ever, it was able, through the treaties with the Indians, to allow some 
grants and the settlement thereon, and on the 14th of September Con- 
necticut ceded to the General Government the tract of land known as 
the " Connecticut Reserve," and before the close of the following year a 
large tract of land north of the Ohio was sold to a company, who at once 
took measures to settle it. By the provisions of this grant, the company 
were to pay the United States one dollar per acre, subject to a deduction 
of one-third for bad lands and other contingencies. They received 
750,000 acres, bounded on the south by the Ohio, on the east by the 
seventh range of townships, on the west by the sixteenth range, and on 
the north by a line so drawn as to make the grant complete without 
the reservations. In addition to this, Congress afterward granted 100,000 
acres to actual settlers, and 214,285 acres as army bounties under the 
resolutions of 1789 and 1790. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



59 



While Dr. Cutler, one of the agents of the company, was pressing 
its claims before Congress, that body was bringing into form an ordinance 
for the political and social organization of this Territory. When the 
cession was made by Virginia, in 1784, a plan was offered, but rejected. 
A motion had been made to strike from the proposed plan the prohibition 
of slavery, which prevailed. The plan was then discussed and altered, 
and finally passed unanimously, with the exception of South Carolina. 
By this proposition, the Territory was to have been divided into states 




A PRAIRIE STORM. 



by parallels and meridian lines. This, it was thought, would make ten 
states, which were to have been named as follows — ^ beginning at the 
northwest corner and going southwardly : Sylvania, Michigania, Cher- 
sonesus, Assenisipia, Metropotamia, Illenoia, Saratoga, Washington, Poly- 
potamia and Pelisipia. 

There was a more serious objection to this plan than its category of 
names, — the boundaries. The root of the difficulty was in the resolu- 
tion of Congress passed in October, 1780, which fixed the boundaries 
of the ceded lands to be from one hundred to one hundred and fifty miles 



60 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

square. These resolutions being presented to the Legislatures of Vir- 
ginia and Massachusetts, they desired a change, and in July, 1786, the 
subject was taken up in Congress, and changed to favor a division into 
not more than five states, and not less than three. This was approved by 
the State Legislature of Virginia. The subject of the Government was 
again taken up by Congress in 1786, and discussed throughout that year 
and until July, 1787, when the famous "Compact of 1787" was passed, 
and the foundation of tlie government of the Northwest laid. This com- 
pact is fully discussed and explained in the history of Illinois in this book, 
and to it the reader is referred. 

The passage of this act and the grant to the New England Company 
was soon followed by an application to the Government by John Cleves 
Symmes, of New Jersey, for a grant of the land between the Miamis. 
This gentleman had visited these lands soon after the treatj^of 1786, and, 
being greatly pleased with them, offered similar terms to those given to the 
New England Company. The petition was referred to the Treasurv 
Board with power to act, and a contract was concluded the following 
year. During the Autumn the directors of the New England Company 
were preparing to occupy their grant the following Spring, and upon the 
23d of November made arrangements for a party of forty-seven men, 
under the superintendency of Gen. Rufus Putnam, to set forward. Six 
boat-builders were to leave at once, and on the first of January the sur- 
veyors and their assistants, twenty-six in number, were to meet at Hart- 
ford and proceed on their journey westward ; the remainder to follow as 
soon as possible. Congress, in the meantime, upon the 8d of October, 
had ordered seven hundred troops for defense of the western settlers, and 
to prevent unauthorized intrusions ; and two days later appointed Arthur 
St. Clair Governor of the Territory of the Northwest. 

AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS. 

The civil organization of the Northwest Territorv was now com- 
plete, and notwithstanding the uncertainty of Indian affairs, settlers from 
the East began to come into the country rapidly. The New England 
Company sent their men during the Winter of 1787-8 pressing on over 
the Alleghenies by the old Indian path which had been opened into 
Braddock's road, and which has since been made a national turnpike 
from Cumberland westward. Through the weary winter days they toiled 
on, and by Ayn-il were all gathered on the Yohiogany, where boats had 
been built, and at once started for the Muskingum. Here they arrived 
on the 7th of that month, and unless the Moravian missionaries be regarded 
as the pioneers of Ohio, this little band can justly claim that honor. 



THE NORTH\yEST TERRITORY. 



61 



Gen. St. Clair, the appointed Governor of the Northwest, not having 
vet arrived, a set of laws were passed, written out, and published by 
being nailed to a tree in the embryo town, and Jonathan Meigs appointed 
to administer them. 

Washington in writing of this, the first American settlement in the 
Northwest, said : " No colony in America was ever settled under 
such favorable auspices as that which has just commenced at Muskingum. 
Information, property and strength will be its characteristics. I know 
many of its settlers personally, and there never were men better calcu- 
lated to promote the welfare of such a community." 










'yi<'^^>^,^^x/(SW'^'^^ ^^ 



A PIONKEi: DWELLING 



On the 2d of July a meeting of the directors and agents was held 
on the banks of the Muskingum, " for the purpose of naming the new- 
born city and its squares." As yet the settlement was known as the 
''Muskingum," but that was now changed to the name Marietta, in honor 
of Marie Antoinette. The square upon which the block -houses stood 
was called '-'■ Campus Martins ;"" square number 19, '-'- Ca'pitolium f square 
number 61, '•'•Cecilia ^ and the great road through the covert way, " Sacra 
Via.'' Two days after, an oration was delivered by James M. Varnum, 
who with S. H. Parsons and John Armstrong had been appointed to the 
judicial bench of the territory on the 16th of October, 1787. On July 9, 
Gov. St. Clair arrived, and the colony began to assume form. The act 
of 1787 provided two district grades of government for the Northwest, 



62 THE NORTHWEST TBRE.TTOEY. 

under the first of which tlie whole power was invested in the hands of a 
governor and three district judges. This was immediately formed upon 
the Governor's arrival, and the first laws of the colony passed on the 25th 
of July. These provided for the organization of the militia, and on the 
next day appeared the Governor's proclamation, erecting all that country 
that had been ceded by the Indians east of the Scioto River into the 
County of Washington. From that time forward, notwithstanding the 
doubts yet existing as to the Indians, all Marietta prospered, and on the 
2d of September the first court of the territory was held with imposing- 
ceremonies. 

The emigration westward at this time was very great. The com- 
mander at Fort Harmer, at the mouth of the Muskingum, reported four 
thousand five hundred persons as having passed that post between Feb- 
ruary and June, 1788 — many of w^hom would have purchased of the 
"Associates," as the New England Company was called, had they l)een 
ready to receive them. 

On the 26th of November, 1787, Symmes issued a pamphlet stating 
the terms of his contract and the plan of sale he intended to adopt. In 
January, 1788, Matthias Denman, of New Jersey, took an active interest 
in Symmes' purchase, and located among other tracts the sections upon 
which Cincinnati has been built. Retaining one-third of this locality, he 
sold the other two-thirds to Robert Patterson and John Filson, and the 
three, about August, commenced to lay out a town on the spot, which 
was designated as being opposite Licking River, to the mouth of which 
they proposed to have a road cut from Lexington. The naming of the 
town is thus narrated in the "Western Annals " : — " Mr. Filson, who had 
been a schoolmaster, was appointed to name the town, and, in respect to 
its situation, and as if with a prophetic perception of the mixed race that 
were to inhabit it in after days, he named it Losantiville, which, being 
interpreted, means : ville, the town ; anti, against or opposite to ; os, the 
mouth ; L. of Licking."' 

Meanwhile, in July, Symmes got thirty persons and eight four-horse 
teams under way for the West. These reached Limestone (now Mays- 
ville) in September, where were several persons from Redstone. Here 
Mr. Symmes tried to found a settlement, but the great freshet of 1789 
caused the " Point,"* as it was and is yet called, to be fifteen feet under 
water, and the settlement to be abandoned. The little band of settlers 
removed to the mouth of the Miami. Before Symmes and his colony left 
the " Point,"' two settlements had been made on his purchase. The first 
was by Mr. Stiltes, the original projector of the whole plan, who, with a 
colony of Redstone people, had located at the mouth of the Miami, 
whither Symmes went with his Maysville colony. Here a clearing had 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



63 



been made by the Indians owing to the great fertility of the soil. Mr. 
Stiltes with his colony came to this place on the 18th of November, 1788, 
■with twenty-six persons, and, building a block-house, prepared to remain 
through the Winter. They named the settlement Columbia. Here they 
were kindly treated by the Indians, but suffered greatly from the flood 
of 1789. 

On the 4th of March, 1789, the Constitution of the United States 
went into operation, and on April 30, George Washington was inaug- 
urated President of the American people, and during the next Summer, 
an Indian war was commenced by the tribes north of the Ohio. The 
President at first used pacific means ; but these failing, he sent General 
Harmer against the hostile tribes. He destroyed several villages, but 




BREAKING PBAIKIE. 



was defeated in two battles, near the present City of Fort Wayne, 
Indiana. From this time till the close of 1795, the principal events were 
the wars with the various Indian tribes. In 1796, General St. Clair 
was appointed in command, and marched against the Indians; but while 
he was encamped on a stream, the St. Mary, a branch of the Maumee, 
he was attacked and defeated with the loss of six hundred men. 

General Wayne was now sent against the savages. In August, 1794, 
he met them near the rapids of the Maumee, and gained a complete 
victory. This success, followed by vigorous measures, compelled the 
Indians to sue for peace, and on the 30th of July, the following year, the 
treaty of Greenville was signed by the principal chiefs, by which a large 
tract of country was ceded to the United States. 

Before proceeding in our narrative, we will pause to notice Fort 
Washington, erected in the early part of this war on the site of Cincinnati. 
Nearly all of the great cities of the Northwest, and indeed of the 



64 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

whole country, have had their nuclei in those rude pioneer structures, 
known as forts or stockades. Thus Forts Dearborn, Washington, Pon- 
chartrain, mark the original sites of the now proud Cities of Chicago, 
Cincinnati and Detroit. So of most of the flourishing cities east and west 
of the Mississippi. Fort Washington, erected by Doughty in 1790, was a 
rude but highly interesting structure. It was composed of a number of 
strongly-built hewed log cabins. Those designed for soldiers' barracks 
were a story and a half high, while those composing the officers quarters 
were more imposing and more conveniently arranged and furnished. 
The whole were so placed as to form a hollow square, enclosing about an 
acre of ground, with a block house at each of the four angles. 

The logs for the construction of this fort were cut from the ground 
upon which it was erected. It stood between Third and Fourth Streets 
of the present cit}^ (Cincinnati) extending east of Eastern Row, now 
Broadway, which was then a narrow alley, and the eastern boundary of 
of the town as it was originally laid out. On the bank of the river, 
immediately in front of the fort, was an appendage of the fort, called the 
Artificer's Yard. It contained about two acres of ground, enclosed by 
small contiguous buildings, occupied by workshops and quarters of 
laborers. Within this enclosure there was a large two-story frame house, 
familiarly called the " Yellow House," built for the accommodation of 
the Quartermaster General. For many years this was the best finished 
and most commodious edifice in the Queen City. Fort Washington was 
for some time the headquarters of both the'civil and military governments 
of the Northwestern Territory. 

Following the consummation of the treaty various gigantic land spec- 
ulations were entered into by different persons, who hoped to obtain 
from the Indians in Michigan and northern Indiana, large tracts of lands. 
These were generally discovered in time to prevent the outrageous 
schemes from being carried out, and from involving the settlers in war- 
On October 27, 1795, the treaty between the United States and Spain 
was signed, whereby the free navigation of the Mississippi was secured. 

No sooner had the treaty of 1795 been ratified than settlements began 
to pour rapidly into the West. The great event of the year 1796 was the 
occupation of that part of the Northwest including Michigan, which was 
this year, under the provisions of the treaty, evacuated by the British 
forces. The United States, owing to certain conditions, did not feel 
justified in addressing the authorities in Canada in relation to Detroit 
and other frontier posts. When at last the British authorities were 
called to give them up, they at once complied, and General Wayne, who 
had done so much to preserve the frontier settlements, and who, before 
the year's close, sickened and died near Erie, transferred his head- 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. QS 

quarters to the neighborhood of the lakes, where a county named after 
him was formed, which included the northwest of Ohio, all of Michigan, 
and the northeast of Indiana. During this same year settlements were 
formed at the present City of Chillicothe, along the Miami from Middle- 
town to Piqua, while in the more distant West, settlers and speculators 
began to appear in great numbers. In September, the City of Cleveland 
was laid out, and during the Summer and Autumn, Samuel Jackson and 
Jonathan Sharpless erected the first manufactory of paper — the "Red- 
stone Paper Mill" — in the West. St. Louis contained some seventy 
houses, and Detroit over three hundred, and along the river, contiguous 
to it, were more than three thousand inhabitants, mostly French Canadians, 
Indians and half-breeds, scarcely any Americans venturing yet into that 
part of the Northwest. 

The election of representatives for the territory had taken place, 
and on the 4th of February, 1799, they convened at Losantiville — now 
known as Cincinnati, having been named so by Gov. St. Clair, and 
considered the capital of the Territory — to nominate persons from whom 
the members of the Legislature were to be chosen in accordance with 
a previous ordinance. This nomination being made, the Assembly 
adjourned until the 16th of the following September. From those named 
the President selected as members of the council, Henry Vandenburg, 
of Vincennes, Robert Oliver, of Marietta, James Findlay and Jacob 
Burnett, of Cincinnati, and David Vance, of Vanceville. On the 16th 
of September the Territorial Legislature met, and on the 24th the two 
houses were duly organized, Henry Vandenburg being elected President 
of the Council. 

The message of Gov. St. Clair was addressed to the Legislature 
September 20th, and on October 13th that body elected as a delegate to 
Congress Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison, who received eleven of the votes 
cast, being a majority of one over his opponent, Arthur St. Clair, son of 
Gen. St. Clair. 

The whole number of acts passed at this session, and approved by 
the Governor, were thirty-seven — eleven others were passed, but received 
his veto. The most important of those passed related to the militia, to 
the administration, and to taxation. On the 19th of December this pro- 
tracted session of the first Legislature in the West was closed, and on the 
30th of December the President nominated Charles Willing Bryd to the 
office of Secretary of the Territory vice Wm. Henry Harrison, elected to 
Congress. The Senate confirmed his nomination the next day. 



6G THE NOKTHWEST TEEEITORY. 



DIVISION OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

The increased emigration to the Northwest, the extent of the domain, 
and the inconvenient modes of travel, made it very difficult to conduct 
the ordinar}^ operations of government, and rendered the efficient action 
of courts almost impossible. To remedy this, it was deemed advisable to 
divide the territory for civil purposes. Congress, in 1800, appointed a 
committee to examine the question and report some means for its solution. 
This committee, on the 3d of March, reported that : 

"• In the three western countries there has been but one court having 
cognizance of crimes, in five years, and the immunity which offenders 
experience attracts, as to an asylum, the most vile and abandoned crim- 
inals, and at the same time deters useful citizens from making settlements 
in such society. The extreme necessity of judiciary attention and assist- 
ance is experienced in civil as well as in criminal cases. * * * * Xo 
minister a remedy to these and other evils, it occurs to this committee 
that it is expedient that a division of said territory into two distinct and 
separate governments should be made ; and that such division be made 
by a line beginning at the mouth of the Great Miami River, running 
directly north until it intersects the boundary between the United States 
and Canada." 

The report was accepted by Congress, and, in accordance with its 
suggestions, that body passed an Act extinguishing the Northwest Terri- 
tory, which Act was approved May 7. Among its provisions were these : 

" That from and after July 4 next, all that part of the Territory of 
the United States northwest of the Ohio River, which lies to the westward 
of a line beginning at a point on the Ohio, opposite to the mouth of the 
Kentucky River, and running thence to Fort Recovery, and thence north 
until it shall intersect the territorial line between the United States and 
Canada, shall, for the purpose of temporary government, constitute a 
separate territory, and be called the Indiana Territory." 

After providing for the exercise of the civil and criminal powers of 
the territories, and other provisions, the Act further provides : 

" That until it shall otherwise be ordered by the Legislatures of the 
said Territories, respectively, Chillicothe on the Scioto River shall be the 
seat of government of tlio Territory of the United States northwest of the 
Ohio River; and that. St. Vincennes on the Wabash River shall be" the 
seat of government for the Indiana Territory." 

Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison was appointed Governor of the Indiana 
Territory, and entered upon his duties about a year later. Connecticut 
also aliout this time released her claims to the reserve, and in March a law 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 67 

was passed accepting this cession. Settlements had been made upon 
thirty-five of the townships in the reserve, mills had been built, and seven 
hundred miles of road cut in various directions. On the 3d of November 
the General Assembly met at Chillicothe. Near the close of the year, 
tlie first missionary of the Connecticut Reserve came, who found no 
township containing more than eleven families. It was upon the first of 
October that the secret treaty had been made between Napoleon and the 
King of Spain, whereby the latter agreed to cede to France the province 
of Louisiana. 

In January, 1802, the Assembly of the Northwestern Territory char- 
tered the college at Athens. From the earliest dawn of the western- 
colonies, education was promptly provided for, and as early as 1787, 
newspapers were issued from Pittsburgh and Kentucky, and largely read 
throughout the frontier settlements. Before the close of this year, the 
Congress of the United States granted to the citizens of the Northwestern 
territory the formation of a State government. One of the provisions of 
the "compact of 1787" provided that whenever the number of inhabit- 
ants within prescribed limits exceeded 45,000, they should be entitled to 
a separate government. The prescribed limits of Ohio contained, from a 
census taken to ascertain the legality of the act, more than that number, 
and on the 30th of April, 1802, Congress passed the act defining its limits, 
and on the 29th of November the Constitution of the new State of Ohio, 
so named from the beautiful river forming its southern boundary, came 
into existence. The exact limits of Lake Michigan were not then known, 
but the territory now included within the State of Michigan was wholly 
within the territory of Indiana. 

Gen. Harrison, while residing at Vincennes, made several treaties 
with the Indians, thereby gaining large tracts of lands. The next year is 
memorable in the history of the West for the purchase of Louisiana from 
France by the United States for $15,000,000. Thus by a peaceful mode, 
the domain of the United States was extended over a large tract of 
country west of the Mississippi, and was for a time under the jurisdiction 
of the Northwest government, and, as has been mentioned in the early 
part of this narrative, was called the "New Northwest." The limits 
of this history will not allow a description of its territory. The same year 
large grants of land were obtained from the Indians, and the House of 
Representatives of the new State of Ohio signed a bill respecting the 
College Township in the district of Cincinnati. 

Before the close of the year, Gen. Harrison obtained additional 
grants of lands from the various Indian nations in Indiana and the present 
limits of Illinois, and on the 18th of August, 1804, completed a treaty at 
St. Louis, whereby over 51,000,000 acres of lands were obtained from the 



68 THE NORTHWEST TERKITORY. 

aborigines. Measures were also taken to learn the condition of affairs in 
and about Detroit. 

C. Jouett, the Indian agent in Michigan, still a part of Indiana Terri- 
tory, reported as follows upon the condition of matters at that post : 

'' The Town of Detroit. — The charter, which is for fifteen miles 
square, was granted in the time of Louis XIV. of France, and is now, 
from the best information I have been able to get, at Quebec. Of those 
two hundred and twenty-five acres, only four are occupied by the town 
and Fort Lenault. The remainder is a common, except twenty-four 
acres, which were added twenty years ago to a farm belonging to Wm. 
Macomb. * * * A stockade incloses the town, fort and citadel. The 
pickets, as well as the public houses, are in a state of gradual decay. The 
streets are narrow, straight and regular, and intersect each other at right 
angles. The houses are, for the most part, low and inelegant." 

During this year, Congress granted a township of land for the sup- 
port of a college, and began to offer inducements for settlers in these 
wilds, and the country now comprising the State of Michigan began to 
fill rapidly with settlers along its southern borders. This same year, also, 
a law was passed organizing the Southwest Territory, dividing it into two 
portions, the Territory of New Orleans, which city was made the seat of 
government, and the District of Louisiana, which was annexed to the- 
domain of Gen. Harrison. 

On the lltli of January, 1805, the Territory of Michigan was formed, 
Wm. Hull was appointed governor, with headquarters at Detroit, the 
change to take effect on June 30. On the 11th of that month, a fire 
occurred at Detroit, which destroyed almost every building in the place. 
When the oflficers of the new territory reached the post, they found it in 
ruins, and the inhabitants scattered throughout the country. Rebuild- 
ing, however, soon commenced, and ere long the town contained more 
houses than before the fire, and many of them much better built. 

While this was being done, Indiana had passed to the second grade 
of government, and through her General Assembly had obtained large 
tracts of land from the Indian tribes. To all this the celebrated Indian, 
Tecumthe or Tecumseh, vigorously protested, and it was the main cause 
of his attempts to unite the various Indian tribes in a conflict with the 
settlers. To obtain a full account of these attempts, the workings of the 
British, and the signal failure, culminating in the death of Tecumseh at 
the battle of the Thames, and the close of the war of 1812 in the Northwest, 
we will step aside in our story, and relate the principal events of his life,, 
and his connection with this conflict. 



THE NOKTHWEST TERRITORY 



6t. 




TECUMSEH, THE SHAWANOE CHIEFTAIN. 



70 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



TECUMSEH, AND THE WAR OF 1812. 

This famous Indian cliief was born about the year 1768, not far from 
the site of the present City of Piqua, Ohio. His father, Puckeshinwa, 
was a member of the Kisopok tribe of the Swanoese nation, and his 
mother. Metliontaske, was a member of the Turtle tribe of the same 
people. They removed from Florida about the middle of the last century 
to the birthplace of Tecumseh. In 1774, his father, who had risen to be 
chief, was slain at the battle of Point Pleasant, and not long after Tecum- 
seh, by his bravery, became the leader of his tril)e. In 1795 he was 
declared chief, and then lived at Deer Creek, near the site of the 
present City of Urbana. He remained here about one year, when he 
returned to Piqua, and in 1798, he went to White River, Indiana. In 
1805, he and his brother, Laulewasikan (Open Door), who had announced 
himself as a prophet, went to a tract of land on the Wabash River, given 
them by the Pottawatomies and Kickapoos. From this date the chief 
comes into prominence. He was now about thirty-seven years of age, 
was five feet and ten inches in height, was stoutly built, and possessed of 
enormous powers of endurance. His countenance was naturally pleas- 
ing, and he was, in general, devoid of those savage attributes possessed 
by most Indians. It is stated he could read and write, and had a confi- 
dential secretary and adviser, named Billy Caldwell, a half-breed, who 
afterward became chief of the Pottawatomies. He occupied the first 
house built on the site of Chicago.- At this time, Tecumseh entered 
upon the great work of his life. He had long objected to the grants of 
land made by the Indians to the whites, and determined to unite all the 
Indian tribes into a league, in order that no treaties or grants of land 
could be made save by the consent of this confederation. 

He traveled constantly, going from north to south ; from the south 
to the north, everywhere urging the Indians to this step. He was a 
matchless orator, and his burning words had their effect. 

Gen. Harrison, then Governor of Indiana, by watching the move- 
ments of the Indians, became convinced that a grand conspiracy was 
forming, and made preparations to defend the settlements. Tecumseh's 
plan was similar to Pontiac's, elsewhere described, and to the cunning 
artifice of that chieftain was added his own sagacity. 

During the year 1809, Tecumseh and the prophet were actively pre- 
paring for the work. In that year. Gen. Harrison entered into a treaty 
with the Delawares, Kickapoos, Pottawatomies, Miamis, Eel River Indians 
and Weas, in which these tribes ceded to the whites certain lands upon 
the Wabash, to all of which Tecumseh entered a bitter protest, averring 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 71 

as one principal reason that he did i*ot want the Indians to give up any 
lands north and west of the Ohio River. 

Tecumseh, in August, 1810, visited the General at Vincennes and 
held a council relating to the grievances of the Indians. Becoming unduly 
angry at this conference he was dismissed from the village, and soon after 
departed to incite the southern Indian tribes to the conflict. 

Gen. Harrison determined to move upon the chief's headquarters at 
Tippecanoe, and for this purpose went about sixty-five miles up the 
Wabash, where he built Fort Harrison. From this place he went to the 
prophet's town, where he informed the Indians he had no hostile inten- 
tions, provided they were true to the existing treaties. He encamped 
near the village early in October, and on the morning of November 7, he 
was attacked by a large force of the Indians, and the famous battle of 
Tippecanoe occurred. The Indians were routed and their town broken 
up. Tecumseh returning not long after, was greatly exasperated at his 
brother, tlie prophet, even threatening to kill him for rashly precipitating 
the war, and foiling his (Tecumseh's) plans. 

Tecumseh sent word to Gen. Harrison that he was now returned 
from the South, and was ready to visit the President as had at one time 
previously been proposed. Gen. Harrison informed him he could not go 
as a chief, which method Tecumseh desired, and the visit was never 
made. 

In June of the following year, he visited the Indian agent at 
Fort Wayne. Here he disavowed any intention to make a war against 
the United States, and reproached Gen. Harrison for marching against his 
people. The agent replied to this ; Tecumseh listened with a cold indif- 
ference, and after making a few general remarks, with a haughty air drew 
his blanket about him, left the council house, and departed for Fort Mai- 
den, in Upper Canada, where he joined the British standard. 

He remained under this Government, doing effective work for the 
Crown while engaged in the war of 1812 which now opened. He was, 
however, always humane in his treatment of the prisoners, never allow- 
ing his warriors to ruthlessly mutilate the bodies of those slain, or wan- 
tonly murder the captive. 

In the Summer of 1813, Perry's victory on Lake Erie occurred, and 
shortly after active preparations were made to capture Maiden, On the 
27th of September, the American army, under Gen. Harrison, set sail for 
the shores of Canada, and in a few hours stood around the ruins of Mai- 
den, from which the British army, under Proctor, had retreated to Sand- 
wich, intending to make its way to the heart of Canada by the Valley of 
the Thames. On the 29th Gen. Harrison was at Sandwich, and Gen. 
Mc Arthur took possession of Detroit and the territory of Michigan. 



72 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



On the 2d of October, the Americans began their pursuit of Proctor, 
whom they overtook on the 5th, and the battle of tlie Thames followed. 
Early in the engagement, Tecumseli who was at the head of the column 
of Indians was slain, and they, no longer hearing the voice of their chief- 
tain, fled. The victory was decisive, and practically closed the war in 
the Northwest. 




INDIANS ATTACKING A STOCKADE. 



Just who killed the great chief has been a matter of much dispute ; 
l)Ut the weight of opinion awards the act to Col. Richard M. Johnson, 
who fired at him Avith a pistol, the shot proving fatal. 

In 1805 occurred Burr's Insurrection. He took possession of a 
beautiful island in the Ohio, after the killing of Hamilton, and is charged 
by many with attempting to set up an independent government. His 
plans were frustrated by the general government, his property confiscated 
and he was compelled to flee the oonntry for safety. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 73 

In Januar5% 1807, Governor Hull, of Michigan Territory, made a 
treaty with the Indians, whereby all that peninsula was ceded to the 
United States. Before the close of the year, a stockade was built about 
Detroit. It was also during this year that Indiana and Illinois endeavored 
to obtain the repeal of that section of the compact of 1787, whereby 
slavery was excluded from the Northwest Territory. These attempts, 
however, all signally failed. 

In 1809 it was deemed advisable to divide the Indiana Territory. 
This was done, and the Territory of Illinois was formed from the western 
part, the seat of government being fixed at Kaskaskia. The next year, 
the intentions of Tecumseh manifested themselves in open hostilities, and 
then began the events already narrated. 

While this war was in progress, emigration to the West went on with 
surprising rapidity. In 1811, under Mr. Roosevelt of New York, the 
first steamboat trip was made on the Ohio, much to the astonishment of 
the natives, many of whom fled in terror at the appearance of the 
" monster." It arrived at Louisville on the 10th day of October. At the 
close of the first week of Januar3% 1812, it arrived at Natchez, after being 
nearly overwhelmed in the great earthquake which occurred while on its 
downward trip. 

The battle of the Thames was fought on October 6, 1813. It 
effectually closed hostilities in the Northwest, although peace was not 
fully restored until July 22, 1814, when a treaty was formed at Green- 
ville, under the direction of General Harrison, between the United States 
and the Indian tribes, in which it was stipulated that the Indians should 
cease hostilities against the Americans if the war were continued. Such, 
happily, was not the case, and on the 24th of December the treaty 
of Ghent was signed by the representatives of England and the United 
States. This treaty was followed the next year by treaties with various 
Indian tribes throughout the West, and Northwest, and quiet was again 
restored in this part of the new world. 

On the 18th of March, 1816, Pittsburgh was incorporated as a city. 
It then had a population of 8,000 people, and was already noted for its 
manufacturing interests. On April 19, Indiana Territory was allowed 
to form a state government. At that time there were thirteen counties 
organized, containing about sixty-three thousand inhabitants. The first 
election of state officers was held in August, when Jonathan Jennings 
was chosen Governor. The officers were sworn in on November 7, a.nd. 
on December 11, the State was formally admitted into the Union. For 
some time the seat of government was at Corydon, but a more central 
location being desirable, the present capital, Indianapolis (City of Indiana), 
was laid out January 1, 1825. 



74 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

On the 28th of December the Bank of Illinois, at Shawneetown, was 
chartered, with a capital of $300,000. At this period all banks were 
under the control of the States, and were allowed to establish branches 
at different convenient points. 

Until this time Chillicothe and Cincinnati had in turn enjoyed the 
privileges of being the capital of Ohio. But the rapid settlement of the 
northern and eastern portions of the State demanded, as in Indiana, a 
more central location, and before the close of the year, the site of Col- 
umbus was selected and surveyed as the future capital of the State. 
Banking had begun in Ohio as early as 1808, when the first bank was 
chartered at Marietta, but here as elsewhere it did not bring to the state 
the hoped-for assistance. It and other banks were subsequently unable 
to redeem their currency, and were obliged to suspend. 

In 1818, Illinois was made a state, and all the territory north of her 
northern limits was erected into a separate territory and joined to Mich- 
igan for judicial purposes. By the following year, navigation of the lakes 
was increasing with great rapidity and affording an immense source of 
revenue to the dwellers in the Northwest, but it was not until 1826 that 
the trade was extended to Lake Michigan, or that steamships began to 
navigate the bosom of that inland sea. 

Until the year 1832, the commencement of the Black Hawk War, 
but few hostilities were experienced with the Indians. Roads were 
opened, canals were dug, cities were built, common schools were estab- 
lished, universities were founded, many of which, especially the Michigan 
University, have achieved a world wide-reputation. The people were 
becoming wealthy. The domains of the United States had been extended, 
and had the sons of the forest been treated with honesty and justice, the 
record of many years would have been that of peace and continuous pros- 
perity. 

BLACK HAWK AND THE BLACK HAWK WAR. 

This conflict, though confined to Illinois, is an important epoch in 
the Northwestern history, being the last war with the Indians in this part 
of the United States. 

Ma-ka-tai-rae-she-kia-kiah, or Black Hawk, was born in the principal 
Sac village, about three miles from the junction of Rock River with the 
Mississippi, in the year 1767. His father's name was Py-e-sa or Pahaes ; 
his grandfather's, Na-na-ma-kee, or the Thunderer. Black Hawk early 
distinguished himself as a warrior, and at the age of fifteen was permitted 
to paint and was ranked among the braves. About the year 1783, he 
Went on an expedition against the enemies of his nation, the Osages, one 



THE NORTHWEST TERKITORY. 



75 




BLACK HAWK, THE SAC CHIEFTAIN. 



76 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

of whom he killed and scalped, and for this deed of Indian bravery he was 
permitted to join in the scalp dance. Three or four years after he, at the 
head of two hundred braves, went on another expedition against the 
Osages, to avenge the murder of some women and children belonging to 
his own tribe. Meeting an equal number of Osage warriors, a fierce 
battle ensued, in which the latter tribe lost one-half their number. The 
Sacs lost only about nineteen warriors. He next attacked the Cherokees 
for a similar cause. In a severe battle with them, near the present City 
of St. Louis, his father was slain, and Black Hawk, taking possession of 
the " Medicine Bag,"' at once announced himself chief of the Sac nation. 
He had now conquered the Cherokees, and about the year 1800, at the 
head of five hundred Sacs and Foxes, and a hundred lowas, he waged 
war against the Osage nation and subdued it. For two years he battled 
successfull}^ with other Indian tribes, all of whom he conquered. 

Black Hawk does not at any time seem to have been friendly to 
the Americans. When on a visit to St. Louis to see his " Spanish 
Father," he declined to see any of the Americans, alleging, as a reason, 
he did not want tivo fathers. 

The treaty at St. Louis was consummated in 1804. The next year the 
United States Government erected a fort near the head of the Des Moines 
Rapids, called Fort Edwards. This seemed to enrage Black Hawk, who 
at once determined to captuie Fort Madison, standing on the west side of 
the Mississippi above the mouth of the Des Moines River. The fort was 
garrisoned by about fifty men. Here he was defeated. The difficulties 
with the British Government arose about this time, and the War of 1812 
followed. That government, extending aid to the Western Indians, by 
giving them arms and ammunition, induced them to remain hostile to the 
Americans. In August, 1812, Black Hawk, at the head of about five 
hundred braves, started to join the British forces at Detroit, passing on 
his way the site of Chicago, where the famous Fort Dearborn Massacre 
had a few days before occurred. Of his connection with the British 
Government l)ut little is known. In 1813 he with his little band descended 
the Mississippi, and attacking some United States troops at Fort Howard 
was defeated. 

In the early part of 1815, the Indian tribes west of the Mississippi 
were notified that peace had been declared between the United States 
and England, and nearly all hostilities had ceased. Black Hawk did not 
sign any treaty, however, until May of the following year. He then recog- 
nized the validity of the treaty at St. Louis in 1804. From the time of 
.signing this treaty in 1816, until the breaking out of the war in 1832, he 
and his band passed their time in the common pursuits of Indian life. 

Ten years before the commencement of this war, the Sac and Fox 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 77 

Indians were urged to join the lowas on the west bank of the Father of 
Waters. All were agreed, save the band known as the British Band, of 
which Black Hawk was leader. He strenuously objected to the removal, 
iind was induced to comply only after being threatened with the power of 
the Government. This and various actions on the part of the white set- 
tlers provoked Black Hawk and his band to attempt the capture of his 
native village now occupied by the whites. The war followed. He and 
his actions were undoubtedly misunderstood, and had his- wishes been 
acquiesced in at the beginning of the struggle, much bloodshed would 
have been prevented. 

Black Hawk was chief now of the Sac and Fox nations, and a noted 
warrior. He and his tribe inhabited a village on Rock River, nearly three 
miles above its confluence with the Mississippi, where the tribe had lived 
many generations. When that portion of Illinois was reserved to them, 
they remained in peaceable possession of their reservation, spending their 
time in the enjoyment of Indian life. The fine situation of their village 
and the quality of their lands incited the more lawless white settlers, who 
from time to time began to encroach upon the red men's domain. From 
one pretext to another, and from one step to another, the crafty white 
men gained a foothold, until through whisky and artifice they obtained 
deeds from many of the Indians for their possessions. The Indians were 
finally induced to cross over the Father of Waters and locate among the 
lowas. Black Hawk was strenuously opposed to all this, but as the 
authorities of Illinois and the United States thought this the best move, he 
was forced to comply. Moreover other tribes joined the whites and urged 
the removal. Black Hawk would not agree to the terms of the treaty 
made with his nation for their lands, and as soon as the military, called to 
enforce his removal, had retired, he returned to the Illinois side of the 
river. A large force was at once raised and marched against him. On 
the evening of May 14, 1832, the first engagement occurred between a 
band from this army and Black Hawk's band, in which the former were 
defeated. 

This attack and its result aroused the whites. A large force of men 
was raised, and Gen. Scott hastened from the seaboard, by way of the 
lakes, with United States troops and artillery to aid in the subjugation of 
the Indians. On the 24th of June, Black Hawk, with 200 warriors, was 
repulsed by Major Demont between Rock River and Galena. The Ameri- 
can army continued to move up Rock River toward the main body of 
the Indians, and on the 21st of July came upon Black Hawk and his band, 
and defeated them near the Blue Mounds. 

Before this action. Gen. Henry, in command, sent word to the main 
army by whom he was immediately rejoined, and the whole crossed the 

Note.— The above is the generally accepted version of the cause of the Black Hawk War, but in our History of 
Jo Daviess County. 111., we bad occasitn to go to the bottom of this matter, and have, we think, found the actual 
£anse of the war, which will be found on page 157. 



78 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

Wisconsin in pursuit of Black Hawk and his band who were fleeing to the 
Mississippi. They were overtaken on the 2d of August, and in the battle 
which followed the power of the Indian chief was completely broken. He 
fled, but was seized by the Winnebagoes and delivered to the whites. 

On the 21st of September, 1832, Gen. Scott and Gov. Reynolds con- 
cluded a treaty with the Winnebagoes, Sacs and Foxes by which they 
ceded to the United States a vast tract of country, and agreed to remain 
peaceable with the whites. For the faithful performance of the provi- 
sions of this treaty on the part of the Indians, it was stipulated that 
Black Hawk, his two sons, the prophet Wabokieshiek, and six other chiefs 
of the hostile bands should be retained as hostages during the pleasure 
of the President. They were confined at Fort Barracks and put in irons. 

The next Spring, l)y order of the Secretary of War, they were taken 
to Washington. From there they were removed to Fortress Monroe, 
"there to remain until the conduct of their nation was such as to justify 
their being set at liberty." They were retained here until the 4th of 
June, when the authorities directed them to be taken to the principal 
cities so that they might see the folly of contending against the white 
people. Everywhere they were observed 1)}^ thousands, the name of the 
old chief being extensively known. By the middle of August they 
reached Fort Armstrong on Rock Island, where Black Hawk was soon 
after released to go to his countrymen. As he passed the site of his birth- 
place, now the home of the white man, he was deeply moved. His village 
where he was born, where he had so liappily lived, and where he had 
hoped to die, was now another's dwelling place, and he was a wanderer. 

On the next day after his release, he went at once to his tribe and 
his lodge. His wife was yet living, and with her he passed the remainder 
of his days. To his credit it may be said that Black Hawk always re- 
mained true to his wife, and served her with a devotion uncommon among 
the Indians, living with her upward of forty years. 

Black Hawk now passed his time hunting and fishing. A deep mel- 
ancholy had settled over him from which he could not be freed. At all 
times when he visited the whites he was received with marked atten- 
tion. He was an honored guest at the old settlers' reunion in Lee County, 
Illinois, at some of their meetings, and received many tokens of esteem. 
In September, 1838, while on his way to Rock Island to receive his 
annuity from the Government, he contracted a severe cold which resulted 
in a fatal attack of bilious fever which terminated his life on October 3. 
His faithful wife, who was devotedly attached to him, mourned deeply 
during his sickness. After his death he was dressed in the uniform pre- 
sented to him by the President while in Washington. He was buried in 
a grave six feet in depth, situated upon a beautiful eminence. " The 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 79 

bod}' was placed in the middle uf the grave, in a sitting posture, upon a 
.seat constructed for the purpose. On his left side, the cane, given him 
hy Henry Clay, Mas placed upright, with his right hand resting upon it. 
Many of the old warrior's trophies were placed in the grave, and some 
Indian garments, together with his favorite weapons."" 

No sooner was the Clack Hawk war concluded than settlers began 
rapidly to pour into the northern parts of Illinois, and into Wisconsin, 
now free from Indian depredations. Chicago, from a trading post, had 
grown to a commercial center, and was rapidly coming into prominence. 
In 1835, the formation of a State Government in Michigan was discussed, 
but did not take active form until two years later, when the State became 
a part of the Federal Union. 

The main attraction to that portion of the Northwest lying west of 
Lake Michigan, now included in the State of Wisconsin, was its alluvial 
wealth. Copper ore was found about Lake Superior. For some time this 
Tegion was attached to Michigan for judiciary purposes, but in 183r> was 
made a territory, then including Minnesota and Iowa. The latter State 
was detached two years later. In 1848, Wisconsin was admitted as a 
State, Madison being made the capital. We have now traced the various 
divisions of the Northwest Territory (save a little in Minnesota) from 
the time it was a unit comprising this vast territory, until circumstances 
compelled its present division. 

OTHER INDIAN TROUBLES. 

Before leaving this part of the narrative, we will narrate briefly the 
Indian troubles in Minnesota and elsewhere b}' the Sioux Indians. 

In August, 1862, the Sioux Indians living on the western borders of 
Minnesota fell upon the unsuspecting settlers, and in a few hours mas- 
sacred ten or twelve hundred persons. A distressful panic was the 
immediate result, fully thirty thousand persons fleeing from their homes 
to districts supposed to be better protected. The military authorities 
at once took active measures to punish the savages, and a large number 
were killed and captured. About a year after, Little Crow, the chief, 
was killed by a Mr. Lampson near Scattered Lake. Of those captured, 
thirty were hung at Mankato, and the remainder, through fears of mob 
violence, were removed to Camp McClellan, on the outskirts of the City 
of Davenport. It was here that Big Eagle came into prominence and 
tjeoured his release by the following order : 



80 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 




BIG EAGLE. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 81 

"Special Order, No. 430. "War Department, 

" Adjutant General's Office, Washington, Dec. 3, 1864. 

"• Big Eagle, an Indian now in confinement at Davenport, Iowa, 
will, upon the receipt of this order, be immediately released from confine- 
ment and set at liberty. 

" By order of the President of the United States. 
" Official : '^ E. D. Townsend, Ass't Adft G-en. 

'' Capt. James Vanderventer, Com'y Sub. Vols. 

" Through Com'g Gen'l, Washington, D. C." 

Another Indian who figures more prominently than Big Eagle, and 
who was more cowardly in his natnre, with his band of Modoc Indians, 
is noted in the annals of the New Northwest: we refer to Captain Jack. 
This distinguished Indian, noted for his cowardly murder of Gen. Canby, 
was a chief of a Modoc tribe of Indians inhabiting the border lands 
between California and Oregon. This region of country comprises what 
is known as the " Lava Beds," a tract of land described as utterly impene- 
trable, save by those savages who had made it their home. 

The Modocs are known as an exceedingly fierce and treacherous 
race. They had, according to their own traditions, resided here for many 
generations, and at one time were exceedingly numerous and powerful. 
A famine carried off nearly half their numbers, and disease, indolence 
and the vices of the white man have reduced them to a poor, weak and 
insignificant tribe. 

Soon after the settlement of California and Oregon, complaints l)egan 
to be heard of massacres of emigrant trains passing through the Modoc 
country. In 1847, an emigrant train, comprising eighteen souls, was en- 
tirely destroyed at a place since known as " Bloody Point." These occur- 
rences caused the United States Government to appoint a peace commission, 
who, after repeated attempts, in 1864, made a treaty with the Modocs, 
Snakes and Klamaths, in which it was agreed on their part to remove to 
a reservation set apart for them in the southern part of Oregon. 

With the exception of Captain Jack and a band of his followers, who 
remained at Clear Lake, al)Out~ six miles from Klamath, all the Indians 
complied. The Modocs who went to the reservation were under chief 
Schonchin. Captain Jack remained at the lake without disturbance 
until 1869, when he was also induced to remove to the reservation. The 
Modocs and the Klamaths soon became involved in a quarrel, and Captain 
Jack and his band returned to the Lava Beds. 

Several attempts were made by the Indian Commissioners to induce 
them to return to the reservation, and finally becoming involved in a. 



S2 THK NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

difl&culty witli the commissioner and his military escort, a fight ensued, 
in which the cliief and his hand were routed. They were greatly enraged, 
and on their retreat, before the day closed, killed eleven inoffensive whites. 

The nation was aroused and immediate action demanded. A com- 
mission was at once appointed by the Government to see what could be 
done. It comprised the following persons : Gen. E. R. S. Cauby. Rev. 
Dr. E. Thomas, a leading Methodist divine of California ; Mr. A. B. 
Meacham, Judge Rosborough, of California, and a Mr. Dyer, of Oregon. 
After several interviews, in whicli the savages were always aggressive, 
often appearing with scalps in their belts. Bogus Charley came to the 
commission on the evening of April 10, 1873, and informed them that 
Capt. Jack and his band would have a " talk '' to-morrow at a place near 
Clear Lake, about three miles distant. Here the Commissioners, accom- 
panied by Charley, Riddle, the interpreter, and Boston Charley repaired. 
After the usual greeting the council proceedings commenced. On behalf 
of the Indians there were present : Capt. Jack, Black Jim, Schnac Nasty 
Jim, Ellen's Man, and Hooker Jim. They had no guns, but carried pis- 
tols. After short speeches by Mr. Meacham, Gen. Canb}' and Dr. Thomas, 
Chief Schonchin arose to speak. He had scarcely proceeded when, 
as if by a preconcerted arrangement, Capt. Jack drew his pistol and shot 
Gen. Canby dead. In less than a minute a dozen shots were fired by the 
savages, and the massacre completed. Mr. Meacham was shot by Schon- 
chin, and Dr. Thomas by Boston Charley. Mr. Dyer barely escaped, being 
fired at twice. Riddle, the interpreter, and his squaw escaped. The 
troops rushed to the spot where they found Gen. Canby and Dr. Thomas 
dead, and Mr. Meacham badly wounded. The savages had escaped to 
their impenetrable fastnesses and could not be pursued. 

The whole country was aroused by this brutal massacre ; but it was 
not until the following May that the murderers were ])rought to justice. 
At that time Boston Charley gave himself up, and offered to guide the 
troops to Capt. Jack's stronghold. This led to the capture of his entire 
gang, a number of whom were murdered by Oregon volunteers while on 
their way to trial. The remaining Indians were held as prisoners until 
July when their trial occurred, which led to the conviction of Capt. 
Jack, Schonchin, Boston Charley, Hooker Jim, Broncho, alias One-Eyed 
Jim, and Slotuck, who were sentenced to be hanged. These sentences 
were approved by the President, save in the case of Slotuck and Broncho 
whose sentences were commuted to imprisonment for life. The others 
were executed at Fort Klamath, October 3, 1873. 

These closed the Indian troubles for a time in the Northwest, and for 
several years the borders of civilization remained in peace. They were 
again involved in a conflict with the savages about the country of the 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



S3 




CAPTAIN JACK, THE MODOC CHIEFTAIN. 



rf4 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

Black Hills, in which war the gallant Gen. Custer lost his life. Just 
now the borders of Oregon and California are again in fear of hostilities ; 
but as the Government has learned how to deal with the Indians, they 
will be of short duration. The red man is fast passing aAvay before the 
march of the white man, and a few more generations will read of the 
Indians as one of the nations of the past. 

The Northwest abounds in memorable places. We have generally- 
noticed them in the narrative, but our space forbids their description in 
detail, save of the most important places. Detroit, Cincinnati, Vincennes^ 
Kaskaskia and their kindred towns have all been described. But ere we 
leave the narrative we will present our readers with an account of the 
Kinzie house, the old landmark of Chicago, and the discovery of the 
source of the Mississippi River, each of which may well find a place in 
the annals of the Northwest. 

Mr. John Kinzie, of the Kinzie house, represented in the illustra- 
tion, established a trading house at Fort Dearborn in 1804. The stockade 
had been erected the year previous, and named Fort Dearborn in honor 
of the Secretary of War. It had a block house at each of the two angles, 
on the southern side a sallyport, a covered way on the north side, that led 
down to the river, for the double j^urpose of providing means of escape, 
and of procuring water in the event of a siege. 

Fort Dearborn stood on the south bank of the Chicago River, about 
lialf a mile from its mouth. When Major Whistler built it, his soldiers 
liauled all the timber, for he had no oxen, and so economically did he 
work that the fort cost the Government only fifty dollars. For a while 
the garrison could get no grain, and Whistler and his men subsisted on 
acorns. Now Chicago is the greatest grain center in the world. 

Mr. Kinzie bought the hut of the first settler, Jean Baptiste Point au 
Sable, on the site of which he erected his mansion. Within an inclosure 
in front he planted some Lombardy poplars, seen in the engraving, and in 
the rear he soon had a fine garden and growing orchard. 

In 1812 the Kinzie house and its surroundings became the theater 
of stirring events. The garrison of Fort Dearborn consisted of fifty-four 
men, under the charge of Capt. Nathan Heald, assisted by Lieutenant 
Lenai T. Helm (son-in-law to Mrs. Kinzie), and Ensign Ronan. The 
surgeon was Dr. Voorhees. The only residents at the post at that time 
were the wives of Capt. Heald and Lieutenant Helm and a few of the 
soldiers, Mr. Kinzie and his family, and a few Canadian voyagers with their 
wives and children. The soldiers and Mr. Kinzie were on the most 
friendly terms with the Pottawatomies and the Winnebagoes, the prin- 
cipal tribes around them, but they could not win them from their attach- 
ment to the British. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



86 



After the battle of Tippecanoe it was observed that some of the lead- 
ing chiefs became sullen, for some of their people liad perished in that 
conflict with American troops. 

One evening in April, 1812, Mr. Kinzie sat playing his violin and his 
children Avere dancing to the music, when Mrs. Kinzie came rushing into 
the house pale with terror, and exclaiming, " The Indians ! the Indians I "' 
" What? Where? " eagerly inquired Mr. Kinzie. " Up at Lee's, killing 
and scalping,"' answered the frightened mother, who, when the alarm was 
given, was attending Mrs. Burns, a newly-nuide mother, living not fnv off. 




KTKZIE HOTJSE. 



Mr. Kinzie and his family crossed the river in boats, and took refuge in 
the fort, to wliich place Mrs. Burns and her infant, not a day old, were 
conveyed in safety to the shelter of the guns of Fort Dearborn, and the 
rest of the white inhabitants fled. The Indians were a scalping party of 
Winnebagoes, who hovered around the fort some days, when they dis- 
appeared, and for several weeks the inhabitants were not disturbed by 
alarms. 

Chicago was then so deep in the wilderness, that the news of the 
declaration of war against Great Britain, made on the 19tli of June, 1812, 
did not reach the commander of the garrison at Fort Dearborn till the 7th 
of August. 'Now the fast mail train will carry a man from New York to 
Chicago in twenty-seven hours, and such a declaration might be sent, 
every word, by the telegraph in less than the same number of minutes. 



86 



THE irOETHWEST TEREITOKY, 



PRESENT CONDITION OF THE NORTHWEST. 

Preceding chapters have brought us to the close of the Black Hawk 
war, and we now turn to the contemplation of the growth and prosperity 
of the Northwest under the smile of peace and the blessings of our civili- 
zation. The pioneers of this region date events back to the deep snow 




!>SV^'«/ 



A IIEPUESKXTATIVK I'lOXKKU. 



-^ =-r' c«>3 



of 1831, no one arriving here since that date taking first honors. The 
inciting cause of the immigration which overflowed the prairies early in 
the 'oOs Avas the reports of the marvelous beauty and fertility of the 
region distributed through the East by those who had participated in the 
Black Hawk campaign with Gen. Scott. Chicago and Milwaukee then 
had a few hundred inhabitants, and Gurdon S. Hubbard's trail from the 
former city to Kaskaskia led almost through a Avilderness. Vegetables 
and clothing were largely distributed through the regions adjoining the 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



87 



lakes by steamers from the Ohio towns. There are men now living in 
Illinois who came to the state when barely an acre was in cultivation, 
and a man now prominent in the business circles of Chicago looked over 
the swampy, cheerless site of that metropolis in 1818 and went south 
ward into civilization. Emigrants from Pennsylvania in 1830 left behind 







LINCOLN MONUMENT, SPKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS. 

them but one small railway in the coal regions, thirty miles in length, 
and made their way to the Northwest mostly with ox teams, finding in 
Northern Illinois petty settlements scores of miles apart, although the 
southern portion of the state was fairly dotted with farms. The 
water courses of the lakes and rivers furnished transportation to the 
second great army of immigrants, and about 1850 railroads were 
pushed to that extent that the crisis of 1837 was precipitated upon us. 



THE NORTHWEST TERBITORY. 



from tlie effects of which the Western country had not fully recovered 
at the outbreak of the war. Hostilities found the colonists of the prairies 
fullv -alive to the demands of the occasion, and the honor of recruiting 




the vast armies of the •Union fell largely to the Governors of the Westera 
States. The struggle, on the whole, had a marked eifcct for the better on tlio 
new Northwest, giving it an impetus which twenty years of peace would not have 
produced. In a large degree, this prosperity was an inflated one; and, with 
the rest of the Union, we have since been compelled to atone therefor by four 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 89 

years of depression of values, of scarcity of employment, and loss of 
fortune. To a less degree, however, than the manufacturing or mining 
regions has the West suffered during the prolonged panic now so near its 
end. Agriculture, still the leading feature in our industries, has been 
quite prosperous through all these dark years, and the farmers have 
cleared away many incumbrances resting over them from the period of 
fictitious values. The population has steadily increased, the arts and 
sciences are gaining a stronger foothold, the trade area of the region is 
becoming daily more extended, and we have been largely exempt from 
the financial calamities which have nearly wrecked communities on the 
seaboard dependent wholly on foreign commerce or domestic manufacture. 

At the present period there are no great schemes broached for the 
Northwest, no propositions for government subsidies or national works 
of improvement, but the capital of the world is attracted hither for the 
purchase of our products or the expansion of our capacity for serving the 
nation at large. A new era is dawning as to transportation, and we bid 
fair to deal almost exclusively with the increasing and expanding lines 
of steel rail running through every few miles of territory on the prairies. 
The lake marine will no doubt continue to be useful in the warmer 
season, and to serve as a regulator of freight rates; but experienced 
navigators forecast the decay of the system in moving to the seaboard 
the enormous crops of the West. Within the past five years it has 
become quite common to see direct shipments to Europe and the West 
Indies going through from the second-class towns along the Mississippi 
and Missouri. 

As to popular education, the standard has of late risen very greatly, 
and our schools would be creditable to any section of the Union. 

More and more as the events of the war pass into obscurity will the 
fate of the Northwest be linked with that of the Southwest, and the 
next Congressional apportionment will give the valley of the Mississippi 
absolute control of the legislation of the nation, and do much toward 
securing the removal of the Federal capitol to some more central location. 

Our public men continue to wield the full share of influence pertain- 
ing to their rank in the national autonomy, and seem not to forget that 
for the past sixteen years they and their constituents have dictated the 
principles which should govern the country. 

In a work like this, destined to lie on the shelves of the library for 
generations, and not doomed to daily destruction like a newspaper, one 
can not indulge in the same glowing predictions, the sanguine statements 
of actualities that fill the columns of ephemeral publications. Time may 
bring grief to the pet projects of a writer, and explode castles erected on 
a pedestal of facts. Yet there are unmistakable indications before us of 



90 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

the same radical chani^e in our great Northwest which characterizes its 
history for the j^ast thirty years. Our domain has a sort of natural 
geographical border, save Avhere it melts away to the southward in the 
cattle raising districts of the southwest. 

Our prime interest will for some years doubtless be tlie growth of 
the food of the Avorld, in Avhich branch it has already outstri2oj)ed all 
competitors, and our great rival in this duty will naturally l)e the fertile 
plains of Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado, to say nothing of the new 
empire so rapidly growing up in Texas. Over these regions there is a 
continued progress in agriculture and in railway building, and we must 
look to our laurels. Intelligent observers of events are fully aware of 
the strides made in the way of shipments of fresh meats to Europe, 
many of these ocean cargoes being actually slaughtered in the West and 
transported on ice to the wharves of the seaboard cities. That this new 
enterprise will continue there is no reason to doubt. There are in 
Chicago several factories for the canning of prepared meats for European 
consumption, and the orders for this class of goods are already immense. 
English capital is becoming daily more and more dissatisfied with railway 
loans and investments, and is gradually seeking mammoth outlays in 
lands and live stock. The stock yards in Chicago, Indianapolis and East 
St. Louis are yearly increasing their facilities, and their plant steadily 
grows more valuable. Importations of blooded animals from the pro- 
gressive countries of Europe are destined to greatly improve the quality 
of our beef and mutton. Nowhere is there to be seen a more enticing 
display in this line than at our state and county fairs, and the interest 
in the matter is on the increase. 

To attempt to give statistics of our grain production for 1877 would 
be useless, so far have we surpassed ourselves in the quantity and 
quality of our product. We are too liable to forget that we are giving 
the world its first article of necessity — its food supply. An opportunity 
to learn this fact so it never can be forgotten was afforded at Chicago at 
the outbreak of the great panic of 1873, when Canadian purchasers, 
fearing the prostrationof business might bring about an anarchical condition 
of affairs, went to that city with coin in bulk and foreign drafts to secure 
their supplies in their own currency at first hands. It may be justly 
claimed by the agricultural community that their combined efforts gave 
the nation its first impetus toward a restoration of its crippled industries, 
and their labor brought the gold premium to a lower depth than the 
government was able to reach by its most intense efforts of legislation 
and compulsion. The hundreds of millions about to be disbursed for 
farm products have already, by the anticipation common to all commercial 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



91 



nations, set the wheels in motion, and will relieve us from the perils so 
long shadowing our efforts to return to a healthy tone. 

Manufacturing has attained in the chief cities a foothold which bids 
fair to render the Northwest independent of the outside world. Nearly 




our whole region has a distribution of coal measures which will in time 
support the manufactures necessary to our comfort and prosperity. As 
to transportation, the chief factor in the production of all articles except 
food, no section is so magnificently endowed, and our facilities are yearlj" 
increasing beyond those of any other region. 



92 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

The period from a central point of the Mar to tlie outbreak of the 
panic was marked by a tremendous growth in our railway lines, but the 
depression of the times caused almost a total suspension of operations. 
Now that prosperity is returning to our stricken country we witness its 
anticipation by the railroad interest in a series of projects, extensions, 
and leases which bid fair to largely increase our transportation facilities. 
The process of foreclosure and sale of incumbered lines is another matter 
to be considered. In the case of the Illinois Central road, which formerly 
transferred to other lines at Cairo the vast burden of freight destined for 
the Gulf region, we now see the incorporation of the tracks connecting 
through to New Orleans, every mile co-operating in turning toward the 
northwestern metropolis the weight of the inter-state commerce of a 
thousand miles or more of fertile plantations. Three competing routes 
to Texas have established in Chicago .their general freight and passenger 
agencies. Four or five lines compete for all Pacific freights to a point as 
as far as the interior of Nebraska. Half a dozen or more splendid bridge 
structures have been thrown across the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers by 
the railways. The Chicago and Northwestern line has become an aggre- 
oation of over two thousand miles of rail, and the Chicago, Milwaukee 
and St. Paul is its close rival in extent and importance. The tliree lines 
running to Cairo via Vincennes form a through route for all traffic with 
the states to the southward. The chief projects now under discussion 
are the Chicago and Atlantic, which is to unite with lines now built to 
Charleston, and the Chicago and Canada Southern, which line will con- 
nect with all the various branches of that Canadian enterprise. Our 
latest new road is the Chicago and Lake Huron, formed of three lines, 
and entering the city from Valparaiso on the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne 
and Chicago track. The trunk lines being mainly in operation, the 
progress made in the way of shortening tracks, making air-line branches, 
and running extensions does not show to the advantage it deserves, as 
this process is constantly adding new facilities to the established order 
of things. The panic reduced the price of steel to a point where the 
railways could hardly afford to use iron rails, and all our northwestern 
lines report large relays of Bessemer track. The immense crops now 
being moved have given a great rise to the value of railway stocks, and 
their transportation must result in heavy pecuniary advantages. 

Few are aware of the importance of the wholesale and jobbing trade 
of Chicago. One leading firm has since the panic sold $24,000,000 of 
dry goods in one year, and they now expect most confidently to add 
seventy per cent, to the figures of their last year's business. In boots 
and shoes and hi clothing, twenty or more great firms from the east have 
placed here th^ir distributing agents or their factories ; and in groceries 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



93 



"Chicago supplies 'the entire Northwest at rates presenting advantages 
over New York. 

Chicago has stepped in between New York and the rural banks as a 
financial center, and scarcely a banking institution in the grain or cattle 
regions but keeps its reserve funds in the vaults of our commercial insti- 
tutions. Accumulating here throughout the spring and summer months, 
they are summoned hoipe at pleasure to move the products of the 
prairies. This process greatly strengthens the northwest in its financial 
operations, leaving home capital to supplement local operations on 
behalf of home interests. 

It is impossible to forecast tlip destiny of this grand and growing 
section of the Union. Figures and predictions made at this date might 
seem ten years hence so ludicrously small as to excite only derision. 







HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 



95 



CHICAGO. 

It is impossible in our brief space to give more than a meager sketch 
<of such a city as Chicago, which is in itself the greatest marvel of the 
Prairie State. This mysterious, majestic, mighty city, born first of water, 
and next of fire ; sown in weakness, and raised in power ; planted among 
the willows of the marsh, and crowned with the glory of the mountains ; 
sleeping on the bosom of the prairie, and rocked on the bosom of the sea , 




CHICAGO IN lSo3. 



the youngest city of the Avorld, and still the eye of the prairie, as Damas- 
cus, the oldest city of the world, is the eye of the desert. With a com- 
uierce far exceeding that of Corinth on her isthmus, in the highway to 
the East ; with the defenses of a continent piled around her by the thou- 
sand miles, making her far safer than Rome on the banks of the Tiber; 



U6 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 

witli schools eclipsing Alexandria and Athens : with liberties more con- 
spicuous than those of the old republics ; with a heroism equal to the first 
Cartilage, and with a sanctity scarcely second to that of Jerusalem — set 
your thoughts on all this, Hfted into the eyes of all men by the miracle of 
its growth, illuminated by the flame of its fall, and transfigured by the 
divinity of its resurrection, and you will feel, as I do, the utter impossi- 
bility of compassing this subject as it deserves. Some impression of her 
importance is received from the shock her burning gave to the civilized 
world. 

When the doubt of her calamit}-- was removed, and the horrid fact 
was accepted, there went a shudder over all cities, and a quiver over all 
lands. There was scarcely a town in the civilized world that did not- 
shake on the brink of this opening chasm. The flames of our homes red- 
dened all skies. The city was set upon a hill, and could not be hid. All 
eyes were turned upon it. To have struggled and suffered amid the 
scenes of its fall is as distinguishing as to have fought at Thermopylae, or 
Salamis, or Hastings, or Waterloo, or Bunker Hill. 

Its calamity amazed the world, because it was felt to be the commoa 
property of mankind. 

The early history of the city is full of interest, just as the early his- 
tory of such a man as Washington or Lincoln becomes public property, 
and is cherished Ijy every patriot. 

Starting with 560 acres in 1833, it embraced and occupied 23,000 
acres in 1869, and, having now a population of more than 500,000, it com- 
mands general attention. 

The first settler — Jean Baptiste Pointe au Sable, a mulatto from the 
West Indies — came and began trade with the Indians in 1796. John 
Kinzie became his successor in 1804, in which year Fort Dearborn was 
erected. 

A mere trading-post was kept here from that time till about the time 
of the Blackhawk war, in 1832. It was not the city. It was merely a 
cock crowing at midnight. The morning was not yet. In 1833 the set- 
tlement al)out the fort was incorporated as a town- The voters were 
tiTvided on the propriety of such corporation, twelve voting for it and one 
against it. Four years later it was incorporated as a city, and embraced 
660 acres. 

The produce handled in this city is an indication of its power. Grain 
and flour were imported from the East till as late as 1837. The first 
exportation by way of experiment was in 1839. Exports exceeded imports 
first in 1842. The Board of Trade was organized in 1848, but it was so 
weak that it needed nursing till 1855. Grain was purchased by the 
wagon-load in the street. 

I remember sitting with my father on a load of wheat, in the long 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 9X 

line of wagons along Lake street, while the buyers came and untied the 
bags, and examined the grain, and made their bids. That manner of 
business had to cease with the day of small things. Now our elevators 
will hold 15,000,000 bushels of grain. The cash value of the produce 
handled in a year is $215,000,000, and the ^jroduce weighs 7,000,000 
tons or 700,000 car loads. This handles thirteen and a half ton each 
minute, all the year round. One tenth of all the wheat in the United 
States is handled in Chicago. Even as long ago as 1853 the receipts of 
grain in Chicago exceeded those of the goodly city of St. Louis, and in 
1854 the exports of grain from Chicago exceeded those of New York and 
doubled those of St. Petersburg, Archangel, or Odessa, the largest grain 
markets in Europe. 

The manufacturing interests of the city are not contemptible. In 
1873 manufactories employed 45,000 operatives ; in 1876, 60,000. The 
manufactured product in 1875 was worth $177,000,000. 

No estimate of the size and power of Chicago would be adequate 
that did not put large emphasis on the railroads. Before they came 
thundering along our streets canals were the hope of our country. But 
who ever thinks now of traveling by canal packets ? In June, 1852, 
there were only forty miles of railroad connected with the city. The 
old Galena division of the Northwestern ran out to Elgin. But now, 
who can count the trains and measure the roads that seek a terminus or 
connection in this city ? The lake stretches away to the north, gathering 
in to this center all the harvests that might otherwise pass to the north 
of us. If you will take a map and look at the adjustment of railroads^ 
you will see, first, that Chicago is the great railroad center of the worlds 
as New York is the commercial city of this continent ; and, second, that 
the railroad lines form the iron spokes of a great wheel whose hub is 
this city. The lake furnishes the only break in the spokes, and this 
seems simply to have pushed a few spokes together on each shore. See 
the eighteen trunk lines, exclusive of eastern connections. 

Pass round the circle, and view their numbers and extent. There 
is the great Northwestern, with all its branches, one branch creeping 
along the lake shore, and so reaching to the north, into the Lake Superior 
regions, away to the right, and on to the Northern Pacific on the left, 
swinging around Green Bay for iron and copper and silver, twelve months 
in the year, and reaching out for the wealth of the great agricultural 
belt and isothermal line traversed by the Northern Pacific. Another 
branch, not so far north, feeling for the heart of the Badger State. 
Another pushing lower down the Mississippi — all these make many con- 
nections, and tapping all the vast wheat regions of Minnesota, Wisconsin, 
Iowa, and all the regions this side of sunset. There is that elegant road, 
the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, running out a goodly number of 



5)8 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 




OLD FORT DEARBORN, 1830. 




PRESEXT SITE OF LAKE STIIEET liillDGE, CHICAGO, I X 1803. 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 99 

branches, and reaping the great fields this side of the Missouri River. 
I can only mention the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis, our Illinois Central, 
described elsewhere, and the Chicago & Rock Island. Further around 
we come to the lines connecting us with all the eastern cities. The 
Chicago, Indianapolis & St. Louis, the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & 
Chicago, the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, and the Michigan Cen- 
tral and Great Western, give us many highways to the seaboard. Thus we 
reach the Mississippi at five points, from St. Paul to Cairo and the Gulf 
itself by two routes. We also reach Cincinnati and Baltimore, and Pitts- 
burgh and Philadelphia, and New York. North and south run the water 
courses of the lakes and the rivers, broken just enough at this point to 
make a pass. Through this, from east to west, run the long lines that 
stretch from ocean to ocean. 

This is the neck of the glass, and the golden sands of commerce 
must pass into our hands. Altogether we have more than 10,000 miles 
of railroad, directly tributary to this city, seeking to unload their wealth 
in our coffers. All these roads have come themselves by the infallible 
instinct of capital. Not a dollar was ever given by the city to secure 
one of them, and only a small per cent, of stock taken originally by her 
citizens, and that taken simply as an investment. Coming in the natural 
order of events, they will not be easily diverted. 

There is still another showing to all this. The connection between 
New York and San Francisco is by the middle route. This passes inevit- 
ablv throusfh Chicago. St. Louis wants the Southern Pacific or Kansas 
Pacific, and pushes it out through Denver, and so on up to Cheyenne. 
But before the road is fairly under way, the Chicago roads shove out to 
Kansas City, making even the Kansas Pacific a feeder, and actually leav- 
ing St. Louis out in the cold. It is not too much to expect that Dakota, 
Montana, and Washington Territory will find their great market in Chi- 
cago. 

But these are not all. Perhaps I had better notice here the ten or 
fifteen new roads that have just entered, or are just entering, our city. 
Their names are all that is necessary to give. Chicago & St. Paul, look- 
ing up the Red River country to the British possessions , the Chicago, 
Atlantic & Pacific ; the Chicago, Decatur & State Line ; the Baltimore & 
Ohio; the Cliicago, Danville & Vincennesi the Chicago & LaSalle Rail- 
road ; the Chicago, Pittsburgh & Cincinnati ; the Chicago and Canada 
Southern ; the Chicago and Illinois River Railroad. These, with their 
connections, and with the new connections of the old roads, already in 
process of erection, give to Chicago not less than 10,000 miles of new 
tributaries from the richest land on the continent. Thus there will be 
added to the reserve power, to the capital within reach of this city, not 
less than $1,000,000,000. 



lUO HISTORY OF THE iNORTHWEST. 

Add to all this transporting power the ships that sail one every nine 
minutes of the business hours of the season of navigation ; add, also, the 
canal boats that leave one every five minutes during the same time — and 
you will see something of the business of the city. 

THE COMMERCE OF THIS CITY 

has been leaping along to keep pace with the growth of the country 
around us. In 1852, our commerce reached the hopeful sum of 
$20,000,000. In 1870 it reached -f 400,000,000. In 1871 it was pushed 
up above ■$450,000,000. And in 1875 it touched nearly double that. 

One-half of our imported goods come directly to Chicago. Grain 
enough is exported directly from our docks to the old world to employ a 
semi-weekly line of steamers of 3,000 tons capacity. This -branch is 
not likely to be greatly developed. Even after the great Welland Canal 
is completed we shall have only fourteen feet of water. The great ocean 
vessels will continue to control the trade. 

The banking capital of Chicago is $24,431,000. Total exchange in 
1875, 8659,000,000. Her wholesale business in 1875 was $294,000,000. 
The rate of taxes is less than in an}'^ other great city. 

The schools of Chicago are unsurpassed in America. Out of a popu- 
lation of 300,000 there were only 186 persons between the ages of six 
and twenty-one unable to read. This is the best known record. 

In 1831 the mail system was condensed into a half-breed, who went 
on foot to Niles, Mich., once in two weeks, and brought back what papers 
and news he could find. As late as 1846 there was often oidy one mail 
a week. A post-ofl&ce was established in Chicago in 1833, and the post- 
master nailed up old boot-legs on one side of his shop to serve as boxes 
for the nabobs and literary men. 

It is an interesting fact in the growth of the young city that in the 
active life of the business men of that day the mail matter has grown to 
a daily average of over 6,500 pounds. It speaks equally well for the 
intelligence of the people and the commercial importance of the place, 
that the mail matter distributed to the territory immediately tributary to 
Chicago is seven times greater than that distributed to the territory 
immediately tributary to St. Louis. 

The improvements that have characterized the city are as startling 
as the city itself. In 1831, Mark Beaubien established a ferry over the 
river, and put himself under bonds to carry all the citizens free for the 
privilege of charging strangers. Now there are twenty-four large brid^'es 
and two tunnels. 

In 1833 the government expended $30,000 on the harbor. Then 
commenced that series of manoeuvers with the river that has made it one 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 101 

of the world's curiosities. It used to wind around in the lower end of 
the town, and make its way rippling over the sand into the lake at the 
foot of Madison street. They took it up and put it down where it now 
is. It was a narrow stream, so narrow that even moderately small crafts 
had to go up through the willows and cat's tails to the point near Lake 
street bridge, and back up one of the branches to get room enough in 
which to turn around. 

In 1844 the quagmires in the streets were first pontooned by plank 
roads, which acted in wet weather as public squirt-guns. Keeping you 
out of the mud, they compromised by squirting the mud over you. The 
wooden-block pavements came to Chicago in 1857. In 1840 water was 
delivered by peddlers in carts or by hand. Then a twenty-five horse- 
power engine pushed it through hollow or bored logs along the streets 
till 1854, wlien it was introduced into the houses by new works. The 
first fire-engine was used in 1835, and the first steam fire-engine in 1859. 
Gas was utilized for lighting the city in 1850. The Young Men's Chris- 
tian Association was organized in 1858, and horse railroads carried them 
to their work in 1859. The museum was opened in 1863. The alarm 
telegraph adopted in 1864. The opera-house built in 1865. The city 
grew from 560 acres in 1833 to 23,000 in 1869. In 1834, the taxes 
amounted to $48.90, and the trustees of the town borrowed |60 more for 
opening and improving streets. In 1835, the legislature authorized a loan, 
of $2,000, and the treasurer and street commissioners resigned rather thaa 
plunge the town into such a gulf. 

Now the city embraces 36 square miles of territory, and has 30 miles 
of water front, besides the outside harbor of refuge, of 400 acres, inclosed 
by a crib sea-wall. One-third of the city has been raised up an average 
of eight feet, giving good pitch to the 263 miles of sewerage. The water 
of the city is above all competition. It is received through two tunnels 
extending to a crib in the lake two miles from shore. The closest analy- 
sis fails to detect any impurities, and, received 35 feet below the surface, 
it is always clear and cold. The first tunnel is five feet two inches in 
diameter and two miles long, and can deliver 50,000,000 of gallons per 
day. The second tunnel is seven feet in diameter and six miles long, 
running four miles under the city, and can deliver 100,000,000 of gal- 
lons per day. This water is distributed through 410 miles of water- 
mains. 

The three grand engineering exploits of the city are : First, lifting 
the city up on jack-screws, whole squares at a time, without interrupting 
the business, thus giving us good drainage ; second, running the tunnels 
under the lake, giving us the best water in the world ; and third, the 
turning the current of the river in its own channel, delivering us from the 
old abominations, and making decency possible. They redound about 



102 HIS,TORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 

equally to the credit of the engineering, to the energy of the people, and 
to the health of the city. 

That which really constitutes the city, its indescribable spirit, its soul, 
the way it lights up in every feature in the hour of action, has not been 
touched. In meeting strangers, one is often surprised how some homely 
Avomen marry so well. Their forms are bad, their gait uneven and awk- 
ward, their complexion is dull, their features are misshapen and mismatch- 
ed, and when we see them there is no beauty that we should desire them. 
But when once they are aroused on some subject, they put on new pro- 
portions. They light up into great power. The real person comes out 
from its unseemly ambush, and captures us at will. They have power. 
They have ability to cause things to come to pass. We no longer wonder 
why they are in such high demand. So it is with our city. 

There is no grand scenery except the two seas, one of water, the 
other of prairie. Nevertheless, there is a spirit about it, a push, a breadth, 
a power, that soon makes it a place never to be forsaken. One soon 
ceases to believe in impossibilities. Balaams are the only prophets that are 
disappointed. The bottom that has been on the point of falling out has 
been there so long that it has grown fast. It can not fall out. It has all 
the capital of the world itching to get inside the corporation. 

The two great laws that govern the growth and size of cities are, 
first, the amount of territory for which they are the distributing and 
receiving points ; second, the number of medium or moderate dealers that 
do this distributing. Monopolists build up themselves, not the cities. 
They neither eat, wear, nor live in proportion to their business. Botli 
these laws help Chicago. 

The tide of trade is eastward — not up or down the map, but across 
the maj). The lake runs up a wingdam for 500 miles to gather in the 
business. Coinmerce can not ferry up there for seven months in the year, 
and the facilities for seven months can do the work for twelve. Then the 
great region west of us is nearly all good, productive land. Dropping 
south into the trail of St. Louis, you fall into vast deserts and rocky dis- 
tricts, useful in holding the world together. St. Louis and Cincinnati, 
instead of rivaling and hurting Chicago, are her greatest sureties of 
dominion. They are far enough away to give sea-room, — farther off than 
Paris is from London, — and yet they are near enough to prevent the 
springing up of any other great city between them. 

St. Louis will be helped b}^ the opening of the Mississippi, but also 
hurt. That will put New Orleans on her feet, and with a railroad running 
over into Texas and so West, she will tap the streams that now crawl up 
the Texas and Missouri road. The current is East, not North, and a sea- 
port at Now Orleans can not permanently help St. Louis. 

Chicago is in the field almost alone, to handle the wealth of one- 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 103 

fourth of the territory of this great republic. This strip of seacoast 
divides its margins between Portland, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, 
Baltimore and Savannah, or some other great port to be created for the 
South in the next decade. But Chicago has a dozen empires casting their 
treasures into her lap. On a bed of coal that can run all the machinery 
of the world for 500 centuries ; in a garden that can feed the race by the 
thousand years; at the head of the lakes that give her a temperature as a 
summer resort equaled by no great city in the land ; with a climate that 
insures the health of her citizens ; surrounded by all the great deposits 
of natural wealth in mines and forests and herds, Chicago is the wonder 
of to-day, and will be the city of the future. 

MASSACRE AT FORT DEARBORN. 

During the war of 1812, Port Dearborn became the theater of stirring 
events. The garrison consisted of fifty-four men under command of 
Captain Nathan Heald, assisted by Lieutenant Helm (son-in-law of Mrs. 
Kinzie) and Ensign Ronan. Dr. Voorhees was surgeon. The only resi- 
dents at the post at that time were the wives of Captain Heald and Lieu- 
tenant Helm, and a few of the soldiers, Mr. Kinzie and his family, and 
a few Canadian voyageurs, with their wives and children. The soldiers 
and Mr. Kinzie were on most friendly terms with the Pottawattamies 
and Winnebagos, the principal tribes around them, but they could not 
win them from their attachment to the British. 

One evening in April, 1812, Mr. Kinzie sat playing on his violin and 
his children were dancing to the music, when Mrs. Kinzie came rushing 
into the house, pale with terror, and exclaiming : " The Indians ! the 
Indians!" "What? Where?" eagerly inquired Mr. Kinzie. "Up 
at Lee's, killing and scalping," answered the frightened mother, who, 
when the alarm was given, was attending Mrs. Barnes (just confined) 
living not far off. Mr. Kinzie and his family crossed the river and took 
refuge in the fort, to which place Mrs. Barnes and her infant not a day 
old were safely conveyed. The rest of the inhabitants took shelter in the 
fort. This alarm was caused by a scalping party of Winnebagos, who 
hovered about the fort several days, when they disappeared, and for several 
weeks the inhabitants were undisturbed. 

On the 7th of August, 1812, General Hull, at Detroit, sent orders to 
Captain Heald to evacuate Fort Dearborn, and to distribute all the United 
States property to the Indians in the neighborhood — a most insane order. 
The Pottawattamie chief, who brought the dispatch, had more wisdom 
than the commanding general. He advised Captain Heald not to make 
the distribution. Said he : " Leave the fort and stores as they are, and 
let the Indians make distribution for themselves ; and while they are 
engaged in the business, the white people may escape to Fort Wayne." 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 105 

Captain Heald held a council with the Indians on the afternoon of 
the 12th, in which his officers refused to join, for they had been informed 
that treachery was designed — that the Indians intended to murder the 
white people in the council, and then destroy those in the fort. Captain 
Heald, however, took the precaution to open a port-hole displaying a 
cannon pointing directly upon the council, and by that means saved 
his life. 

Mr. Kinzie, who knew the Indians well, begged Captain Heald not 
to confide in their promises, nor distribute the arms and munitions among 
them, for it would only put power into their hands to destroy the whites. 
Acting upon this advice, Heald resolved to withhold the munitions of 
war ; and on the night of the 13th, after the distribution of the other 
property had been made, the powder, baU and liquors were thrown into 
the river, the muskets broken up and destroyed. 

Black Partridge, a friendly chief, came to Captain Heald, and said : 
" Linden birds have been singing in my ears to-day: be careful on the 
march you are going to take." On that dark night vigilant Indians had 
crept near the fort and discovered the destruction of their promised booty 
going on within. The next morning the powder was seen floating on the 
surface of the river. The savages were exasperated and made loud com- 
plaints and threats. 

On the following day when preparations were making to leave the 
fort, and all the inmates were deeply impressed with a sense of impend- 
ing danger, Capt. Wells, an uncle of Mrs. Heald, was discovered upon 
the Indian trail among the sand-hills on the borders of the lake, not far 
distant, with a band of mounted Miamis, of whose tribe he was chief, 
having been adopted by the famous Miami warrior, Little Turtle. When 
news of Hull's surrender reached Fort Wayne, he had started with this 
force to assist Heald in defending Fort Dearborn. He was too late. 
Every means for its defense had been destroyed the night before, and 
arrangements were made for leaving the fort on the morning of the 15th. 

It was a warm bright morning in the middle of August. Indications 
were positive that the savages intended to murder the white people ; and 
when they moved out of the southern gate of the fort, the march was 
like a funeral procession. The band, feeling the solemnity of the occa- 
sion, struck up the Dead March in Saul. 

Capt. Wells, who had blackened his face with gun-powder in token 
of his fate, took the lead with his band of Miamis, followed by Capt. 
Heald, with his wife by his side on horseback. Mr. Kinzie hoped by his 
personal influence to avert the impending blow, and therefore accompanied 
them, leaving his family in a boat in charge of a friendlv Indian, to be 
taken to his trading station at the site of Niles, Michigan, in the event of 
his death. 



106 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 




HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 107 

The procession moved slowly along the lake shore till they reached 
the sand-hills between the prairie and the beach, when the Pottawattamie 
escort, under the leadership of Blackbird, filed to the right, placing those 
hills between them and the white people. Wells, with his Miamis, had 
kept in the advance. They suddenly came rushing back, Wells exclaim- 
ing, " They are about to attack us ; form instantly." These words were 
quickly followed by a storm of bullets, which came whistling over the 
little hills which the treacherous savages had made the covert for their 
murderous attack. The white troops charged upon the Indians, drove 
them back to the prairie, and then the battle was waged between fifty- 
four soldiers, twelve civilians and three or four women (the cowardly 
Miamis having fled at the outset) against five hundred Indian warriors. 
The white people, hopeless, resolved to sell their lives as dearly as possible. 
Ensign Ronan wielded his weapon vigorously, even after falling upon his 
knees weak from the loss of blood. Capt. Wells, who was by the side of 
his niece, Mrs. Heald, when the conflict began, behaved with the greatest 
coolness and courage. He said to her, " We have not the slightest chance 
for life. We must part to meet no more in this world. God bless you." 
And then he dashed forward. Seeing a young warrior, painted like a 
demon, climb into a wagon in which were twelve children, and tomahawk 
them all, he cried out, unmindful of his personal danger, "If that is your 
game, butchering women and children, I will kill too."' He spurred his 
horse towards the Indian camp, where they had left their squaws and 
papooses, hotly pursued by swift-footed young warriors, who sent bullets 
whistling after him. One of these killed his horse and wounded hira 
severely in the leg. With a yell the young braves rushed to make him 
their prisoner and reserve him for torture. He resolved not to be made 
a captive, and by the use of the most provoking epithets tried to induce 
them to kill him instantly. He called a fiery young chief a squaw, when 
the enraged warrior killed Wells instantly with his tomahawk, jumped 
upon his body, cut out his heart, and ate a portion of the warm morsel 
with savage delight ! 

In this fearful combat women bore a conspicuous part. Mrs. Heald 
was an excellent equestrian and an expert in the use of the rifle. She 
fought the savages bravely, receiving several severe wounds. Though 
faint from the loss of blood, she managed to keep her saddle. A savage 
raised his tomahawk to kill her, when she looked hira full in the face, 
and with a sweet smile and in a gentle voice said, in his own language, 
" Surely you will not kill a squaw ! " The arm of the savage fell, and 
the life of the heroic woman was saved. 

Mrs. Helm, the step-daughter of Mr. Kinzie, had an encounter with 
a stout Indian, who attempted to tomahawk her. Springing to one side, 
she received the glancing blow on her shoulder, and at the same instant, 



108 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 

«eized the savage round the neck with her arms and endeavored to get 
hold of his scalping knife, which hung in a slieath at his breast. While 
she was thus struggling she was dragged from lier antagonist by anc ':hei 
powerful Indian, who bore her, in spite of her struggles, to the margin 
of the lake and plunged her in. To her astonishment she was held by 
him so that she would not drown, and she soon perceived that she was 
in the hands of the friendly Black Partridge, who had saved her life. 

The wife of Sergeant Holt, a large and powerful woman, behaved as 
bravely as an Amazon. She rode a fine, high-spirited horse, which the 
Indians coveted, and several of them attacked her with the butts of their 
guns, for the purpose of dismounting her ; but she used the sword which 
she had snatched from her disabled husband so skillfully that she foiled 
them ; and, suddenly wheeling her horse, she dashed over the prairie, 
followed by the savages shouting. " The brave woman ! the brave woman ! 
Don't hurt her I "' The}' finally overtook her, and while she was fighting 
them in front, a powerful savage came up behind her, seized her by the 
neck and dragged her to the ground. Horse and woman were made 
captives. Mrs. Holt was a long time a captive among the Indians, but 
was afterwards ransomed. 

In this sharp conflict two-thirds of the white people were slain and 
wounded, and all their horses, baggage and provision were lost. Only 
twenty-eight straggling men now remained to fight five hundred Indians 
rendered furious by the sight of blood. They succeeded in breaking 
through the ranks of the murderers and gaining a slight eminence on the 
prairie near the Oak Woods. The Indians did not pursue, but gathered 
on their flanks, while the chiefs held a consultation on the sand-hills, and 
showed signs of willingness to parley. It would have been madness on 
the part of the whites to renew the fight ; and so Capt. Heald went for- 
ward and met Blackbird on the open prairie, where terms of surrender 
were soon agreed upon. It was arranged that the white people should 
give up their arms to Blackbird, and that the survivors should l)ecome 
prisoners of war, to be exchanged for ransoms as •soon as practicable. 
With this understanding captives and captors started for the Indian 
camp near the fort, to which Mrs. Helm had been taken bleeding and 
suffering by Black Partridge, and had met her step-father and learned 
that her luisband was safe. 

A new scene of horror was now opened at the Indian camp. The 
wounded, not being included in the terms of surrender, as it was inter- 
preted Ijy the Indians, and the British general. Proctor, having offered a 
liberal bounty for American scalps, delivered at Maiden, nearly all the 
wounded men were killed and scalped, and the price of the trophies was 
afterwards paid by the British government. 



THE STATE OF IOWA. 



GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION. 

The State of Iowa has an outline figure nearly approaching that of a rec- 
tangular parallelogram, the northern and southern boundaries being nearly due 
east and west lines, and its eastern and western boundaries determined by 
southerly flowing rivers — the Mississippi on the east, and the Missouri, together 
with its tributary, the Big Sioux, on the west. The northern boundary is upon 
the parallel of forty-three degrees thirty minutes, and the southern is approxi- 
mately upon that of forty degrees and thirty-six minutes. The distance from 
the northern to the southern boundary, excluding the small prominent angle at 
the southeast corner, is a little more than two hundred miles. Owino; to the 
irregularity of the river boundaries, however, the number of square miles does 
not reach that of the multiple of these numbers ; but according to a report of 
the Secretary of the Treasury to the United States Senate, March 12, 1863, 
the State of Iowa contains 35,228,200 acres, or 55,044 square miles. When it 
is understood that all this vast extent of surface, except that which is occupied 
by our rivers, lakes and peat beds of the northern counties, is susceptible of the 
highest cultivation, some idea may be formed of the immense agricultural 
resources of the State. Iowa is nearly as large as England, and twice as large 
as Scotland ; but when we consider the relative area of surface which may be 
made to yield to the wants of man, those countries of the Old World will bear 
no comparison with Iowa. 

TOPOGRAPHY. 

No complete topographical survey of the State of Iowa has yet been made. 
Therefore all the knowledge we have yet upon the subject has been obtained 
from incidental observations of geological corps, from barometrical observations 
by authority of the General Government, and levelings done by railroad en- 
gineer corps within the State. 

Taking into view the facts that the highest point in the State is but a little 
more than twelve hundred feet above the lowest point, that these two points are 
nearly three hundred miles apart, and that the whole State is traversed by 

1 i 10 



110 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

gently flowing rivers, it will be seen that in reality the State of Iowa rests 
wholly within, and comprises a part of. a vast plain, with no mountain or hill 
ranges within its borders, 

A clearer idea of the great uniformity of the surface of the State may be 
obtained from a statement of the general slopes in feet per mile, from point to 
point, in straight lines across it : 

From the N. E. corner to the S. E. corner of the State 1 foot 1 inch per mile. 

From the N. E. corner to Spirit Lake 5 feet 5 inches per mile. 

From the N. W. corner to Spirit Lake 5 feetO inches per mile. 

From the N. \V. corner to the S. AV. corner of the State 2 feet inches per mile. 

From the S. W corner to the highest ridge between the two 

great rivers (in Ringgold County) 4 feet 1 inch per mile 

From the dividing ridge in the S. E. corner of the State 5 feet 7 inches per mile. 

From the highest point in the State (near Spirit Lake) to the 
lowest point in the State (at the mouth of Des Moines 
River) 4 feet inches per mile. 

It will be seen, therefore, that there is a good degree of propriety in regard- 
ing the whole State as a part of a great plain, the lowest point of which within 
its borders, the southeast corner of the State, is only 444 feet above the level of 
the sea. The average height of the whole State above the level of the sea is 
not far from eight hundred feet, although it is more than a thousand miles 
inland from the nearest sea coast. These remarks are, of course, to be under- 
stood as applying to the surface of the State as a whole. When we come to 
consider its surface feature in detail, we find a great diversity of surface by the 
formation of valleys out of the general level, which have been evolved by the 
action of streams during the unnumbered years of the terrace epoch. 

It is in the northeastern part of the State that the river valleys are deepest ; 
consequently the country there has the greatest diversity of surface, and its 
physical features are most strongly marked. 

DRAINAGE SYSTEM. 

The Mississippi and Missouri Rivers form the eastern and western bounda- 
ries of the State, and receive the eastern and western drainage of it. 

The eastern drainage system comprises not far from two-thirds of the en- 
tire surface of the State. The great watershed which divides these two systems 
is formed by the highest land between those rivers along the whole length of a 
line running soutliward from a point on the northern boundary line of the State 
near Spirit Lake, in Dickinson County, to a nearly central point in the northern 
part of Adair County. 

From the last named point, this highest ridge of land, between the two great 
rivers, continues southward, without change of character, through Ringgold 
County into the State of Missouri ; but southward from that point, in Adair 
County, it is no longer the great watershed. From tliat point, another and 
lower ridge bears off more nearly southeastward, through the counties of Madi- 
son, Clarke, Lucas and Appanoose, and becomes itself the great watershed. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. Ill 

RIVERS. 

All Streams that rise in Iowa rise upon the incoherent surface deposits, 
occupying at first only slight depressions in the surface, and scarcely percept- 
ible. These successively coalesce to form the streams. 

The drift and bluff deposits are both so thick in Iowa that its streams not 
only rise upon their surface, but they also reach considerable depth into these 
deposits alone, in some cases to a depth of nearly two hundred feet from the 
general prairie level. 

The majority of streams that constitute the western system of Iowa drainage 
run, either along the whole or a part of their course, upon that peculir deposit 
known as bluff deposit. Their banks are often, even of the small streams, 
from five to ten feet in height, quite perpendicular, so that they make the 
streams almost everywhere unfordable, and a great impediment to travel across 
the open country where there are no bridges. 

The material of this deposit is of a slightly yellowish ash color, except 
where darkened by decaying vegetation, very fine and silicious, but not sandy, 
not very cohesive, and not at all plastic. It forms excellent soil, and does not 
bake or crack in drying, except limy concretions, which are generally dis- 
tributed throughout the mass, m shape and size resembling pebbles ; not a 
stone or pebble can be found in the whole deposit. It was called " silicious 
marl" by Dr. Owen, in his geological report to the General Government, and 
its origin referred to an accumulation of sediment in an ancient lake, which 
was afterward drained, when its sediment became dry land. Prof. Swallaw 
gives it the name of "bluff," which is here adopted; the term Lacustral would 
have been better. The peculiar properties of this deposit are that it will stand 
securely with a precipitous front two hundred feet high, and yet is easily 
excavated with a spade. Wells dug in it require only to be walled to a point just 
above the water line. Yet, compact as it is, it is very porous, so that water 
which falls on its surface does not remain, but percolates through it; neither 
does it accumulate within its mass, as it does upon the surface of and Avithin 
the drift and the stratified formations. 

The bluff deposit is known to occupy a region through which the Missouri 
runs almost centrally, and measures, as far as is known, more than two hun- 
dred miles in length and nearly one hundred miles in width. The thickest 
part yet known in Iowa is in Fremont County, where it reaches two hundred 
feet. The boundaries of this deposit in Iowa are nearly as follows : Com- 
mencing at the southeast corner of Fremont County, follow up the watershed 
between the East Nishnabotany and the West Tarkio Rivers to the southern 
boundary of Cass County ; thence to the center of Audubon County ; thence 
to Tip Top Station, on the Chicago & Northwestern Railway ; thence by a 
broad curve Avestward to the northwest corner of Plymouth County. 

This deposit is composed of fine sedimentary particles, similar to t,'iat 
which the Missouri River now deposits from its waters, and is the same which 



112 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

that river did deposit in a broad depression in the surface of the drift that 
formed a lake-like expansion of that river in tlie earliest period of the history 
of its valley. Tliat lake, as shown by its deposit, which now remains, was 
about one hundred miles wide and more than twice as long. The water of the 
river was muddy then, as now, and the broad lake became filled with the sedi- 
ment which the river brought down, before its valley had enough in the lower 
portion of its course to drain it. After the lake became filled with the sedi- 
ment, the valley below became deepened by the constant erosive action of the 
waters, to a depth of more than sufficient to have drained the lake of its first 
waters ; but the only effect then was to cause it to cut its valley out of the de- 
posits its own muddy waters had formed. Thus along the valley of that river, 
so far as it forms the western boundary of Iowa, the blufis which border it are 
composed of that sediment known as bluff deposit, forming a distinct border 
along the broad, level flood plain, the width of which varies from five to fifteen 
miles, while the original sedimentary deposit stretches far inland. 

All the rivers of the western system of drainage, except the Missouri itself, 
are quite incomplete as rivers, in consequence of their being really only 
branches of other larger tributaries of that great river , or, if they empty into 
the Missouri direct, they have yet all the usual characteristics of Iowa rivers, 
from their sources to their mouths. 

Chariton and G-rand Rivers both rise and run for the first twenty-five miles 
of their courses upon the drift deposit alone. The first strata that are exposed 
by the deepening valleys of both these streams belong to the upper coal meas- 
ures, and they both continue upon the same formation until they make their 
exit from the State (the former in Appanoose County, the latter in Ringgold 
County), near the boundary of which they have passed nearly or quite through 
the whole of that formation to the middle coal measures. Their valleys gradu- 
ally deepen from their upper portions downward, so that within fifteen or twenty 
miles they have reached a depth of near a hundred and fifty feet below the gen- 
eral level of the adjacent high land. When the rivers have cut their valleys 
down through the series of limestone strata, they reach those of a clayey com- 
position. Upon these they widen their valleys and make broad flood plains 
(commonly termed "bottoms"), the soil of which is stiff and clayey, except 
where modified by sandy washings. 

A considerable breadth of woodland occupies the bottoms and valley sides 
along a great part of their length ; but their upper branches and tributaries aie 
mostly prairie streams. 

Platte River. — This river belongs mainly to Missouri. Its upper branches 
pass through Ringgold County, and, with the west fork of the Grand River, 
drain a large region of country. 

Here the drift deposit reaches its maximum thickness on an east and west 
line across the State, and the valleys are eroded in some instances to a depth of 
two hundred feet, apparently, through this deposit alone. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 11^ 

The term '- drift deposit " applies to the soil and sub-soil of the greater part 
of the State, and in it alone many of our wells are dug and our forests take 
root. It rests upon the stratified rocks. It is composed of clay, sand, gravel 
aud boulders, promiscuously intermixed, without stratification, varying in char- 
acter in different parts of the State. 

The proportion of lime in the drift of Iowa is so great that the water of all 
our wells and springs is too '* hard " for washing purposes ; and the same sub- 
stance is so prevalent in the drift clays that they are always found to have suffi- 
cient flux when used for the manufacture of brick. 

One Hundred and Two River is represented in Taylor County, the valleys 
of which have the same general character of those j ust described. The country 
around and between the east and west forks of this stream is almost entirely 
prairie. 

Nodaway River. — This stream is represented by east, middle and west 
branches. The two former rise in Adair County, the latter in Cass County. 
These rivers and valleys are fine examples of the small rivers and valleys of 
Southern Iowa. They have the general character of drift valleys, and with 
beautiful undulating and sloping sides. The Nodaways drain one of the finest 
agricultural regions in the State, the soil of which is tillable almost to their very 
banks. The banks and the adjacent narrow flood plains are almost everywhere 
composed of a rich, deep, dark loam. 

Nishiahotany River. — This river is represented by east and west branches, 
the former having its source in Anderson County, the latter in Shelby County. 
Both these branches, from their source to their confluence — and also the main 
stream, from thence to the point where it enters the great flood plain of the 
Missouri — run through a region the surface of which is occupied by the bluff 
deposit. The West Nishnabotany is probably without any valuable mill sites. 
In the western part of Cass County, the East Nishnabotany loses its identity 
by becoming abruptly divided up into five or six different creeks. A few 
good mill sites occur here on this stream. None, however, that are thought 
reliable exist on either of these rivers, or on the main stream below the 
confluence, except, perhaps, one or two in Montgomery County. The 
valleys of the two branches, and the intervening upland, possess remarkable 
fertility. 

Boyer River. — Until it enters the flood plain of the Missouri, the Boyer 
runs almost, if not quite, its entire course through the region occupied bv the 
bluff deposit, and has cut its valley entirely through it along most of its pas- 
sage. The only rocks exposed are the upper coal measures, near Reed's mill, in 
Harrison County. The exposures are slight, and are the most northerly now 
known in Iowa. The valley of this river has usually gently sloping sides, and an 
ndistinctly defined flood plain. Along the lower half of its course the adjacent 
upland presents a surface of the billowy character, peculiar to the bluff deposit. 
The source of this river is in Sac County. 



114 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Soldier River, — The east and middle branches of this stream have their 
source in Crawford County, and the west branch in Ida County. The whole 
course of this river is through the bluff deposit. It has no exposure of strata 
along its course. 

Little Sioux River. — Under this head are included both the main and west 
branches of that stream, together with the Maple, which is one of its branches. 
The west branch and the Maple are so similar to the Soldier River that they 
need no separate description. The main stream has its boundary near the 
northern boundary of the State, and runs most of its course upon drift deposit 
alone, entering the region of the bluff deposit in the southern part of Cherokee 
County. The two principal upper branches, near their source in Dickinson 
and Osceola .Counties, are small prairie creeks, with indistinct valleys. On 
entering Clay County, the valley deepens, and at their confluence has a depth 
of one hundred feet, which still further increases until along the boundary line 
between Clay and Buena Vista Counties, it reaches a depth of two hundred 
feet. Just as the valley enters Cherokee County, it turns to the southward and 
becomes much widened, with its sides gently sloping to the uplands. When the 
valley enters the region of the bluff deposit, it assumes the billowy appearance. 
No exposures of strata of any kind have been found in the valley of the Little 
Sioux or any of its branches. 

Floyd River. — This river rises upon the drift in O'Brien County, and flow- 
ing southward enters the region of the bluff deposit a little north of the center 
of Plymouth County. Almost from its source to its mouth it is a prairie stream, 
with slightly sloping valley sides, which blend gradually with the uplands. A 
single slight exposure of sandstone of cretaceous age occurs in the valley near 
Sioux City, and which is the only known exposure of rock of any kind along 
its whole length. Near this exposure is a mill site, but farther up the stream 
it is not valuable for such purposes. 

Rock River. — This stream passes through Lyon and Sioux Counties. It 
was evidently so named from the fact that considerable exposures of the red 
Sioux quartzite occur along the main branches of the stream in Minnesota, a 
few miles north of our State boundary. Within this State tlie main stream and 
its branches are drift streams, and strata are exposed. The beds and banks of 
the streams are usually sandy and gravelly, with occasional boulders intermixed. 

Big Sioux River. — The valley of this river, from tlie northwest corner of 
the State to its mouth, possesses much the same character as all the streams of 
the surface deposits. At Sioux Falls, a few miles above the northwest corner 
of the State, the stream meets with remarkable obstructions from the presence 
of Sioux quartzite, which outcrops directly across the stream, and causes a fall 
of about sixty feet within a distance of half a mile, producing a series of cas- 
cades. For the first twenty-five miles above its mouth, the valley is very broad, 
•with a broad, flat flood plain, with gentle slopes occasionally showing indistinctly 
defined terraces. These terraces and valley bottoms constitute some of the finest 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 115 

agricultural land of the region. On the Iowa side of the valley the upland 
presents abrupt bluffs, steep as the materials of which they are composed will 
stand, and from one hundred to nearly two hundred feet high above the stream. 
At rare intervals, about fifteen miles from its mouth, the cretaceous strata are 
found exposed in the foce of the bluffs of the Iowa side. No other strata are 
exposed along that part of the valley which borders our State, with the single 
exception of Sioux quartzite at its extreme northwestern corner. Some good mill 
sites may be secured along that portion of this river which borders Lyon County, 
but below this the fall will probably be found insufficient and the location for 
dams insecure. 

Missouri River. — This is one of the muddiest streams on the globe, and its 
waters are known to be very turbid far toward its source. The chief pecul- 
iarity of this river is its broad flood plains, and its adjacent bluff deposits. 
^luch the greater part of the flood jilain of this river is upon the Iowa side, and 
continuous from the south boundary line of the State to Sioux City, a distance 
of more than one hundred miles in length, varying from three to five miles in 
width. This alluvial plain is estimated to contain more than half a million acres 
of land within the State, upward of four hundred thousand of which are now 
tillable. 

The rivers of the eastern system of drainage have quite a difierent character 
from those of the western system. They are larger, longer and have their val- 
leys modified to a much greater extent by the underlying strata. For the lat- 
ter reason, water-power is much more abundant upon them than upon the 
streams pf the western system. 

Des Moines River. — This river has its source in Minnesota, but it enters 
Iowa before it has attained any size, and flows almost centrally through it from 
northwest to southeast, emptying into the Mississippi at the extreme southeast- 
ern corner of the State. It drains a greater area than any river within the 
State. The upper portion of it is divided into two branches known as the east 
and west forks. These unite in Humboldt County. The valleys of these 
branches above their confluence are drift-valleys, except a few small exposures 
of subcarboniferous limestone about five miles above their confluence. These 
exposures produce several small mill-sites. The valleys vary from a few hun- 
dred yards to half a mile in width, and are the finest agricultural lands. In the 
northern part of Webster County, the character of the main valley is modified 
by the presence of ledges and low cliffs of the subcarboniferous limestone and 
gypsum. From a point a little below Fort Dodge to near Amsterdam, in Ma- 
rion County, the river runs all the way through and upon the lower coal-meas- 
ure strata. Along this part of its course the flood-plain varies from an eighth 
to half a mile or more in width. From Amsterdam to Ottumwa the subcarbon- 
iferous limestone appears at intervals in the valley sides. Near Ottumwa, the sub- 
carboniferous rocks pass beneath the river again, bringing down the coal-measure 
strata into its bed ; but they rise again from it in the extreme northwestern part 



116 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of Van Buren County, and subcarboniferous strata resume and keep their place 
along" the valley to the north of the river. From Fort Dodge to the northern 
part of Lee County, the strata of the lower coal measures are present in the 
valley. Its flood plain is frequently sandy, from the debris of the sandstone 
and sandy shales of the coal measures produced by their removal in the process 
of the formation of the valley. 

The principal tributaries of the Des Moines are upon the western side. 
These are the Raccoon and the three rivers, viz.: South, Middle and North Riv- 
ers. The three latter have their source in the region occupied by the upper 
coal-measure limestone formation, flow eastward over the middle coal measures, 
and enter the valley of the Des Moines upon the lower coal measures. These 
streams, especially South and Middle Rivers, are frequently bordered by high, 
rocky clifis. Raccoon River has its source upon the heavy surface deposits of 
the middle region of Western Iowa, and along the greater part of its course it 
has excavated its valley out those deposits and the middle coal measures alone. 
The valley of the Des Moines and its branches are destined to become the seat 
of extensive manufactures in consequence of the numerous mill sites of immense 
power, and the fact that the main valley traverses the entire length of the Iowa 
coal fields. 

Skunk River. — This river has its source in Hamilton County, and runs 
almost its entire course upon the border of the outcrop of the lower coal meas- 
ures, or, more properly speaking, upon the subcarboniferous limestone, just where 
it begins to pass beneath the coal measures by its southerly and westerly dip. 
Its general course is southeast. From the western part of Henry County, up 
as far as Story County, the broad, flat flood plain is covered with a rich deep 
clay soil, which, in time of long-continued rains and overflows of the river, has 
made the valley of Skunk River a terror to travelers from the earliest settle- 
ment of the country. There are some excellent mill sites on the lower half of 
this river, but they are not so numerous or valuable as on other rivers of the 
eastern system. 

loioa River. — This river rises in Hancock County, in the midst of a broad, 
slightly undulating drift region. The first rock exposure is that of subcarbon- 
iferous limestone, in the southwestern corner of Franklin County. It enters 
the region of the Devonian strata near the southwestern corner of Benton 
County, and in this it continues to its confluence with the Cedar in Louisa 
County. Below the junction with the Cedar, and for some miles above that 
point, its valley is broad, and especially on the northern side, with a well 
marked flood plain. Its borders gradually blend with the uplands as they slope 
away in the distance from the river. The Iowa furnishes numerous and valua- 
ble mill sites. 

Cedar River. — This stream is usually understood to be a branch of the 
Iowa, but it ought, really, to be regarded as the main stream. It rises by 
numerous branches in the northern part of the State, and flows the entire length 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 117 

of the State, through the region occupied by the Devonian strata and along the 
trend occupied by that formation. 

The valley of this river, in the upper part of its course, is narrow, and the 
sides slope so gently as to scarcely show where the lowlands end and the up- 
lands begin. Below the confluence with the Shell Rock, the flood plain is more 
distinctly marked and the valley broad and shallow. The valley of the Cedar 
is one of the finest regions in the State, and both the main stream and its 
branches aftbrd abundant and reliable mill sites. 

Wapsipinnicon River. — This river has its source near the source of the 
Cedar, and runs parallel and near it almost its entire course, the upper half 
upon the same formation — the Devonian. In the northeastern part of Linn 
County, it enters the region of the Niagara limestone, upon which it continues 
to the Mississippi. It is one hundred miles long, and yet the area of its drain- 
age is only from twelve to twenty miles in width. Hence, its numerous mill 
sites are unusually secure. 

Turkey River. — This river and the Upper Iowa are, in many respects, un- 
like other Iowa rivers. The diflFerence is due to the great depth they have 
eroded their valleys and the different character of the material through wliich 
they have eroded. Turkey River rises in Howard County, and in Winnesheik 
County, a few miles from its source, its valley has attained a depth of more than 
two hundred feet, and in Fayette and Clayton Counties its depth is increased to 
three and four hundred feet. The summit of the uplands, bordering nearly the 
whole length of the valley, is capped by the Maquoketa shales. These shales 
are underlaid by the Galena limestone, between two and three hundred feet 
thick. The valley has been eroded through these, and runs upon the Trenton 
limestone. Thus, all the formations along and within this valley are Lower 
Silurian. The valley is usually narrow, and without a well-marked flood plain. 
Water power is abundant, but in most places inaccessible. 

Upper Iowa River. — This river rises in Minnesota, just beyond the north- 
ern boundary line, and enters our State in Howard County before it has attained 
any considerable size. Its course is nearly eastward until it reaches the Mis- 
sissippi. It rises in the region of the Devonian rocks, and flows across the out- 
crops, respectively, of the Niagara, Galena and Trenton limestone, the lower 
magnesian limestone and Potsdam sandstone, into and through all of which, 
except the last, it has cut its valley, which is the deepest of any in Iowa. The 
valley sides are, almost everywhere, high and steep, and cliffs of lower magne- 
sian and Trenton limestone give them a wild and rugged aspect. In the lower 
part of the valley, the flood plain reaches a width sufficient for the location of 
small farms, but usually it is too narrow for such purposes. On the higher 
surface, however, as soon as you leave the valley you come immediately upon a 
cultivated country. This stream has the greatest slope per mile of any in Iowa, 
consequently it furnishes immense water power. In some places, where creeks 
come into it, the valley widens and affords good locations for farms. The town 



118 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of Decorali, in Winnesheik County, is located in one of these spots, which 
makes it a lovely location ; and the power of the river and the small spring 
streams around it offer fine facilities for manufacturing. This river and its 
tributaries are the only trout streams in Iowa. 

Mississippi River. — This river may be described, in general terms, as a broad 
canal cut out of the general level of the country through which the river flows. 
It is bordered by abrupt hills or bluffs. The bottom of the valley ranges from 
one to eight miles in width. The whole space between' the bluffs is occupied by 
the river and its bottom, or flood plain only, if we except the occasional terraces 
or remains of ancient flood plains, Avhich are not now reached by the highest 
floods of the river. The river itself is from half a mile to nearly a mile in 
width. There are but four points along the whole length of the State where the 
bluffs approach the stream on both sides. The Lower Silurian formations com- 
pose the bluffs in the northern part of the State, but they gradually disappear 
by a southerly dip, and the bluffs are continued successively by the Upper 
Silurian, Devonian, and subcarboniferous rocks, which are reached near the 
southeastern corner of the State. 

Considered in their relation to the present general surface of the state, the 
relative ages of the river valley of Iowa date back only to the close of the 
glacial epoch ; but that the Mississippi, and all the rivers of Northeastern Iowa, 
if no others, had at least a large part of the rocky portions of their valleys 
eroded by pre-glacial, or perhaps even by palaeozoic rivers, can scarcely be 
doubted. 

LAKES. 

The lakes of Iowa may be properly divided into two distinct classes. The 
first may be called drift lakes, having had their origin in the depressions left 
in the surface of the drift at the close of the glacial epoch, and have rested upon 
the undisturbed surface of the drift deposit ever since the glaciers disappeared. 
The others may be properly termed fiuvatile or alluvial lakes, because they have 
had their origin by the action of rivers while cutting their own valleys out from 
the surface of the drift as it existed at the close of the glacial epoch, a!id are now 
found resting upon the alluvium, as the others rest upon the drift. By the term 
alluvium is meant the deposit which has accumulated in the valleys of rivers by 
the action of their own currents. It is largely composed of sand and other 
coarse material, and upon that deposit are some of the best and most productive 
soils in the State. It is this deposit which form the flood plains and deltas of 
our rivers, as well as the terraces of their valleys. 

The regions to which the drift lakes are principally confined are near the 
head waters of the principal streams of the State. We consequently find them 
in those resrions which lie between the Cedar and Des Moines Rivers, and the 
Des Moines and Little Sioux. No drift lakes are found in Southern Iowa. 
The largest of the lakes to be found in the State are Spirit and Okoboji, in 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 119 

Dickinson County ; Clear Lake, in Cerro Gordo County ; and Storm Lake, in 
Bunea Vista County. 

Spirit Lake. — The width and length of this lake are about equal , and it 
contains about twelve square miles of surface, its northern border resting directly 
on the boundary of the State. It lies almost directly upon the great watershed. 
Its shores are mostly gravelly, and the country about it fertile. 

Okohoji Lake. — This body of water lies directly south of Spirit Lake, and 
has somewhat the shape of a horse-shoe, with its eastern projection within a few 
rods of Spirit Lake, where it receives the outlet of the latter. Okoboji Lake 
extends about five miles southward from Spirit Lake, thence about the same 
distance westward, and then bends northAvard about as far as the eastern projec- 
tion. The eastern portion is narrow, but the Avestern is larger, and in some 
places a hundred feet deep. The surroundings of this and Spirit Lake are very 
pleasant. Fish are abundant in them, and they are the resort of myriads of 
water fowl. 

Clear Lake. — This lake is situated in Cerro Gordo County, upon the 
watershed between the Iowa and Cedar Rivers. It is about five miles long, 
and two or three miles wide, and has a maximum depth of only fifteen 
feet. Its shores and the country around it are like that of Spirit Lake. 

Storm Lake. — This body of water rests upon the great water shed in Buena 
Vista County. It is a clear, beautiful sheet of water, containing a surface area 
of between four and five square miles. 

The outlets of all these drift-lakes are dry during a portion of the year, ex- 
cept Okoboji. 

Walled Lakes. — Along the water sheds of Northern Iowa great numbers of 
small lakes exist, varying from half a mile to a mile in diameter. One of the lakes 
in Wright County, and another in Sac, have each received the name of " Walled 
Lake," on account of the existence of embankments on their borders, which are 
supposed to be the work of ancient inhabitants. These embankments are from 
two to ten feet in height, and from five to thirty feet across. They are the 
result of natural causes alone, being referable t'o the periodic action of ice, aided, 
to some extent, by the force of the waves. These lakes are very shallow, and 
in winter freeze to the bottom, so that but little unfrozen water remains in the 
middle. The ice freezes fast to everything upon the bottom, and the expansive 
power of the water in freezing acts in all directions from the center to the cir- 
cumference, and whatever was on the bottom of the lake has been thus carried 
to the shore,. and this has been going on from year to year, from century to 
century, forming the embankments which have caused so much wonder. 

SPRINGS. 

Springs issue from all formations, and from the sides of almost every valley^ 
but they are more numerous, and assume proportions which give rise to the 
name of sink-holes, along the upland borders of the Upper Iowa River, owing 



120 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

to the peculiar fissured and laminated character and great thickness of the strata 
of tlie ajze of the Trenton limestone which underlies the ^Yhole reo-ion of the 
valley of that stream. 

No mineral springs, properly so called, have yet been discovered in Iowa, 
though the water of several artesian wells is frequently found charged with 
soluble mineral substances. 

ORIGIN OF THE PRAIRIES. 

It is estimated that seven-eighths of the surface of the State was prairie 
when first settled. They are not confined to level surfaces, nor to any partic- 
ular variety of soil, for within the State they rest upon all formations, from 
those of the Azoic to those of the Cretaceous age, inclusive. Whatever may 
have been their origin, their present existence in Iowa is not due to the influ- 
ence of climate, nor the soil, nor any of the underlying formations. The real 
cause is the prevalence of the annual fires. If these had been prevented fifty 
years ago, Iowa would now be a timbered country. The encroachment of forest 
trees upon prairie farms as soon as the bordering woodland is protected from 
the annual prairie fires, is well known to farmers throughout the State. 

The soil of Iowa is justly famous for its fertility, and there is probably no 
equal area of the earth's surface that contains so little untillable land, or whose 
soil has so high an average of fertility. Ninety-five per cent, of its surface is 
tillable land. 

GEOLOGY. 

The soil of Iowa may be separated into three general divisions, which not 
only possess different physical characters, but also differ in the mode of their 
origin. These are drift, bluff and alluvial, and belong respectively to the 
deposits bearing the same names. The drift occupies a much larger part of the 
surface of the State than both the others. The bluff has the next greatest area 
of surface, and the alluvial least. 

All soil is disintegrated rock. The drift deposit of Iowa was derived, to a 
considerable extent, from the rocks of Minnesota ; but the greater part of Iowa 
drift was derived from its own rocks, much of which has been transported but a 
short distance. In general terms the constant component element of the drift 
soil is that portion which was transported from the north, while the inconstant 
elements are those portions which were derived from the adjacent or underlying 
strata. For example, in Western Iowa, wherever that cretaceous formation 
known as the Nishnabotany sandstone exists, the soil contains more sand than 
elsewhere. The same may be said of the soil of some parts of the State occu- 
pied by the lower coal measures, the sandstones and sandy shales of that forma- 
tion furnishing the sand. 

In Northern and Northwestern Iowa, the drift contains more sand and 
gravel than elsewhere. This sand and gravel was, doubtless, derived from the 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA 



121 



cretaceous rocks that now do, or formerly did, exist there, and also in part 
from the conglomerate and pudding-stone beds of the Sioux quartzite. 

In Southern Iowa, the soil is frequently stiif and clayey. This preponder- 
ating clay is doubtless derived from the clayey and shaly beds which alternate 
with the limestones of that region. 

The bluif soil is that which rests upon, and constitutes a part of, the bluff 
deposit. It is found only in the western part of the State, and adjacent to the 
Missouri River. Although it contains less than one per cent, of clay in its 
composition, it is in no respect inferior to the best drift soil. 

The alluvial soil is that of the flood plains of the river valleys, or bottom 
lands. That which is periodically flooded by the rivers is of little value for 
agricultural purposes ; but a large part of it is entirely above the reach of the 
highest floods, and is very productive. 

The stratified rocks of Iowa range from the Azoic to the Mesozoic, inclu- 
sive ; but the greater portion of the surface of the State is occupied by those 
of the Palaeozoic age. The table below will show each of these formations in 
their order : 



SYSTEMS. 

AGES. 



Cretaceous 

Carboniferous.. 

Devonian 

Upper Silurian 

Lower Silurian 
Azoic 



GROaPS. 

PERIODS. 



Post Tertiary 

Lower Cretaceous. 

Coal Measures. 
Subcarboniferous. 



L 

Hamilton 

Niagara 

Cincinnati . 



Trenton. 

Primordial. 
Huronian 



FORMATIONS. 

EPOCHS. 

Drift 

Inoceramous bed 

Woodbury Sandstone and Shales. 

Nishnabotany Sandstone 

Upper Coal Measures 

Middle Coal Measures 

Lower Coal Measures 

St. Louis Limestone 

Keokuk Limestone... 

Burlington Limestone 

Kinderhook beds 

Hamilton Limestone and Shales 

Niagara Limestone 

Maquoketa Shales 

Galena Limestone 

Trenton Limestone 

St. Peter's Sandstone 

Lower Magnesian Limestone.... 

Potsdam Sandstone 

Sioux Quartzite 



THICKNESS. 

IN FEET. 



10 



to 200 

50 
130 
100 
200 
200 
200 

75 

90 
196 
175 
200 
350 

80 
250 
200 

80 
250 
300 

50 



THE AZOIC SYSTEM. 

The Sioux quartzite is found exposed in natural ledges only upon a few 
acres in the extreme northwest corner of the State, upon the banks of the Big 
Sioux River, for which reason the specific name of Sioux Quartzite has been 
given them. It is an intensely hard rock, breaks in splintery fracture, and a 
color varying, in different localities, from a light to deep red. The process of 
metamorphism has been so complete throughout the whole formation that the 
rock is almost everywhere of uniform texture. The dip is four or five degrees 
to the northward, and the trend of the outcrop is eastward and westward. This 



122 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

rock may be quarried in a few rare cases, but usually it cannot be secured in 
dry forms except that into which it naturally cracks, and the tendency is to 
angular pieces. It is absolutely indestructible. 

LOWER SILURIAN SYSTEM. 

PRIMORDIAL GROUP. 

Potsdam Sandstone. — This formation is exposed only in a small portion of 
the northeastern portion of the State. It is only to be seen in the bases of the 
bluffs and steep valley sides which border the river there. It may be seen 
underlying the lower magnesian limestone, St. Peter s sandstone and Trenton 
limestone, in their regular order, along the bluffs of the Mississippi from the 
northern boundary of the State as far south as Guttenburg, along the Upper 
Iowa for a distance of about twenty miles from its mouth, and along a few of 
the streams which empty into the Mississippi in Allamakee County. 

It is nearly valueless for economic purposes. 

No fossils have been discovered in this formation in Iowa. 

Lower Magnesium Limestone. — This formation has buf little greater geo- 
graphical extent in Iowa than the Potsdam sandstone. It lacks a uniformity 
of texture and stratification, owing to which it is not generally valuable for 
building purposes. 

The only fossils found in this formation in Iowa are a few traces of crinoids, 
near McGregor. 

>S'^. Peter s Sandstone. — This formation is remarkably uniform in thickness 
throughout its known geographical extent ; and it is evident it occupies a large 
portion of the northern half of Allamakee County, immediately beneath the 
drift. 

TRENTON GROUP. 

Trenton Limestone. — With the exception of this, all the limestones of both 
Upper and Lower Silurian age in Iowa are magnesian limestones — nearly pure 
dolomites. This formation occupies large portions of Winnesheik and Alla- 
makee Counties and a portion of Clayton. The greater part of it is useless for 
economic purposes, yet there are in some places compact and evenly bedded 
layers, which afford fine material for window caps and sills. 

In this formation, fossils are abundant, so much so that, in some places, the 
rock is made up of a mass of shells, corals and fragments of tribolites, cemented 
by calcareous material into a solid rock. Some of these fossils are new to 
science and peculiar to Iowa. 

The Galena Limestone. — This is the upper formation of the Trenton group. 
It seldom exceeds twelve miles" in width, although it is fully one hundred and 
fifty miles long. The outcrop traverses portions of the counties of Howard, 
Winnesheik, Allamakee, Fayette, Clayton, Dubuque and Jackson. It exhibits 
its greatest development in Dubuque County. It is nearly a pure dolomite, 
with a slight admixture of silicious matter. It is usually unfit for dressing. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 123 

though sometimes near the top of the bed good blocks for dressing are found. 
This formation is the source of the lead ore of the Dubuque lead mines. The 
lead region proper is confined to an area of about fifteen miles square in the 
vicinity of Dubuque. The ore occurs in vertical fissures, which traverse the 
rock at regular intervals from east to west ; some is found in those which have 
a north and south direction. The ore is mostly that known as Galena, or sul- 
phuret of lead, very small quantities only of the carbonate being found with it. 

CINCINNATI GROUP. 

Maquoketa Shales. — The surface occupied by this formation is singularly 
long and narrow, seldom reaching more than a mile or two in width, but more 
than a hundred miles in length. Its most southerly exposure is in the bluffs of 
the Mississippi near Bellevue, in Jackson County, and the most northerly yet 
recognized is in the western part of Winnesheik County. The whole formation 
is largely composed of bluish and brownish shales, sometimes slightly arena- 
ceous, sometimes calcareous, which weather into a tenacious clay upon the sur- 
face, and the soil derived from it is usually stiff and clayey. Its economic 
value is very slight. 

Several species of fossils which characterize the Cincinnati group are found 
in the Maquoketa shales ; but they contain a larger number that have been 
found anywhere else than in these shales in Iowa, and their distinct faunal char- 
acteristics seem to warrant the separation of the Maquoketa shales as a distinct 
formation from any others of the group. 

UPPER SILURIAN SYSTEM. 

NIAGARA GHOUP. 

Niagara Limestone. — The area occupied by the Niagara limestone is nearly 
one hundred and sixty miles long from north to south, and forty and fifty miles 
wide. 

This formation is entirely a magnesian limestone, with in some places a con- 
siderable proportion of silicious matter in the form of chert or coarse flint. A 
large part of it is evenly bedded, and probably affords the best and greatest 
amount of quarry rock in the State. The quarries at Anamosa, LeClaire and 
Farley are all opened in this formation. 

DEVONIAN SYSTEM. 

HAMILTON GROUP. 

Hamilton Limestone. — The area of surface occupied by the Hamilton lime- 
stone and shales is fully as great as those by all the formations of both Upper 
and Lower Silurian age in the State. It is nearly two hundred miles long and 
from forty to fifty miles broad. The general trend is northwestward and south- 
eastwj^d. 

Although a large part of the material of this formation is practically quite 
■worthless, yet other portions are valuable for economic purposes ; and having a 



124 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

large geographical extent in the State, is one of the most important formations, 
in a practical point of view. At Waverly, Bremer County, its value for the 
production of hydraulic lime has been practically demonstrated. The heavier 
and more uniform magnesian beds furnish material for bridge piers and other 
material requiring strength and durability. 

All the Devonian strata of Iowa evidently belong to a single epoch, and re- 
ferable to the Hamilton, as recognized by New York geologists. 

The most conspicuous and characteristic fossils of this formation are bra- 
chiopod, mollusks and corals. The coral Acervularia Davidsoni occurs near 
Iowa City, and is known as " Iowa City Marble," and " bird's-eye marble." 

CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM. 

Of the three groups of formations that constitute the carboniferous system, 
viz.. the subcarboniferoUs, coal measures and permian, only the first two are 
found in Iowa. 

SUBCARBONIFEROUS GROUP. 

The area of the surface occupied by this group is very large. Its eastern 
border passes from the northeastern part of Winnebago County, with consider- 
able directness in a southeasterly direction to the northern part of Washington 
County. Here it makes a broad and direct bend nearly eastward, striking 
the Mississippi River at Muscatine. The southern and western boundary is to 
a considerable extent the same as that which separates it from the coal field. 
From the southern part of Pocahontas County it passes southeast to Fort Dodge, 
thence to Webster City, thence to a point three or four miles northeast of El- 
dora, in Hardin County, thence southward to the middle of the north line of 
Jasper County, thence southeastward to Sigourney, in Keokuk County, thence 
to the northeastern corner of Jefferson County, thence sweeping a few miles 
eastward to the southeast corner of Van Buren County. Its area is nearly two 
hundred and fifty miles long, and from twenty to fifty miles wide. 

The Kinderhook Beds. — The most southerly exposure of these beds is near 
the mouth of Skunk River, in Des Moines County. The most northerly now 
known is in the eastern part of Pocahontas County, more than two hundred 
miles distant. The principal exposures of this formation are along the blufts 
which border the Mississippi and Skunk Rivers, where they form the eastern 
and northern boundary of Des Moines County, along English River, in Wash- 
ington County ; along the Iowa River, in Tama, Marshall, Hamlin and Frank- 
lin Counties ; and along the Des Moines River, in Humboldt County. 

The economic value of this formation is very considerable, particularly in 
the northern portion of the region it occupies. In Pocahontas and Humboldt 
Counties it is almost invaluable, as no other stone except a few boulders are 
found here. At Iowa Falls the lower division is very good for building pur- 
poses. In Marshall County all the limestone to be obtained comes from this 
formation, and the quarries near LeGrand are very valuable. At this point 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF lOAVA. 125 

some of the layers are finely veined with peroxide of iron, and are wrought into 
ornamental and useful objects. 

In Tama County, the oolitic member is well exposed, where it is manufac- 
tured into lime. It is not valuable for building, as upon exposure to atmosphere 
and frost, it crumbles to pieces. 

The remains of fishes are the only fossils yet discovered in this formation 
that can be referred to the sub-kingdom yertebrata ; and so far as yet recog- 
nized, they all belong to the order selachians. 

Of ARTICULATES, only two species have been recognized, both of which 
belong to the genus phiUipsia. 

The sub-kingdom mollusca is largely represented. 

The radiata are represented by a few crinoids, usually found in a very im- 
perfect condition. The sub-kingdom is also represented by corals. 

The prominent feature in the life of this epoch was molluscan ; so much so 
m fact as to overshadow all other branches of the animal kingdom. The pre- 
vailing classes are: lamelJihranchiates, in the more arenaceous portions; and 
brachiopods, in the more calcareous portions. 

No remains of vegetation have been detected in any of the strata of this 
formation. 

Tlie Burlington Limestone. — This formation consists of two distinct calca- 
reous divisions, which are separated by a series of silicious beds. Both divi- 
sions are eminently crinoidal. 

The southerly dip of the Iowa rocks carries the Burlington limestone down, 
so that it is seen for the last time in this State in the valley of Skunk River, 
near the southern boundary of Des Moines County. The most northerly point 
at which it has been recognized is in the northern part of Washington County. 
It probably exists as far north as Marshall County. 

This formation affords much valuable material for economic purposes. The 
upper division furnishes excellent common quarry rock. 

The great abundance and variety of its fossils — crinoids — now known to be 
more than three hundred, have justly attracted the attention of geologists in all 
parts of the world. 

The only remains of vertebrates discovered in this formation are those of 
fishes, and consist of teeth and spines ; bone of bony fishes, like those most 
common at the present day, are found in these rocks. On Buffington Creek, in 
Louisa County, is a stratum in an exposure so fully charged with these remains 
that it might with propriety be called bone breccia. 

Remains of articulates are rare in this formation. So far as yet discovered, 
they are confined to two species of tribolites of the genus phiUipsia. 

Fossil shells are very common. 

The two lowest classes of the sub-kingdom radiata are represented m the 
genera zaphrentis, amplexus and syringapora, while the highest class — echino- 
derms — are found in most extraordinary profusion. 



126 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

The Keokuk Limestone. — It is only in the four counties of Lee, Van 
Buren, Henry and Des Moines that this formation is to be seen. 

In some localities the upper silicious portion of this formation is known as 
the Geode bed. It is not recognizable in the northern portion of the formation, 
nor in connection with it where it is exposed, about eighty miles below Keokuk. 

The geodes of the Geode bed are more or less spherical masses of silex, 
usually hollow and lined with crystals of quartz. The outer crust is rough and 
unsightly, but the crystals which stud the interior are often very beautiful. 
They vary in size from the size of a walnut to a foot in diameter. 

The economic value of this formation is very great. Large quantities of its 
stone have been used in the finest structures in the State, among which are the 
post offices at Dubuque and Des Moines. The principal quarries are along the 
banks of the Mississippi, from Keokuk to Nauvoo. 

The only vertebrate fossils found in the formation are fislies, all belonging 
to the order selachians, some ef which indicate that their owners reached a 
length of twenty-five or thirty feet. 

Of the articulates, only two species of the genus phillipsia have been found 
in this formation. 

Of the mollusks, no cephalopods have yet been recognized in this formation in 
this State ; gasteropods are rare ; brachiopods and polyzoans are quite abundant. 

Of radiates, corals of genera zaphrentes, amplexus and aulopera are found, 
but crinoids are most abundant. 

Of the low forms of animal life, the protozoans, a small fossil related to the 
sponges, is found in this formation in small numbers. 

The St. Louis Limestone. — This is the uppermost of the subcarboniferous 
group in Iowa. The superficial area it occupies is comparatively small, because 
it consists of long, narrow strips, yet its exten* is very great. It is first seen 
resting on the geode division of the Keokuk limestone, near Keokuk. Pro- 
ceeding northward, it forms a narrow border along the edge of the coal fields 
in Lee, Des Moines, Henry, Jefferson, Washington, Keokuk and Mahaska. 
Counties. It is then lost sight of until it appears again in the banks of Boone 
River, where it again passes out of view under the coal measures until it is 
next seen in the banks of the Des Moines, near Fort Dodge. As it exists in 
loAva, it consists of three tolerably distinct subdivisions — the magnesian, arena- 
ceous and calcareous. 

The upper division furnishes excellent material for quicklime, and when 
(quarries are well opened, as in the northwestern part of Van Buren County, 
large blocks are obtained. The sandstone, or middle division, is of little 
economic value. The lower or magnesian division furnishes a valuable 
and durable stone, exposures of which are found on Lick Creek, in Van Buren 
County, and on Long Creek, seven miles west of Burlington. 

Of the fossils of this formation, the vertebrates are represented only by the 
remains of fish, belonging to the two orders, selachians and ganoids. The 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 127 

articulates are represented by one species of the trilobite. genus phillipsia, and 
two ostracoid, genera, cythre and beyricia. The mollusks distinguish this 
formation more than any other branch of the animal kingdom. Radiates are 
exceedingly rare, showing a marked contrast between this formation and the 
two preceding it. 

The rocks of the subcarboniferous period have in other countries, and in 
other parts of our own country, furnished valuable minerals, and even coal, but 
in Iowa the economic value is confined to its stone alone. 

The Lower Silurian, Upper Silurian and Devonian rocks of Iowa are largely 
composed of limestone. Magnesia also enters largely into the subcarbon- 
iferous group. With the completion of the St. Louis limestone, the 
production of the magnesian limestone seems to have ceased among the rocks of 
Iowa. 

Although the Devonian age has been called the age of fishes, yet so far as 
Iowa is concerned, the rocks of no period can' compare with the subcarbon- 
iferous in the abundance and variety of the fish remains, and, for this reason, 
the Burlington and Keokuk limestones will in the future become more 
famous among geologists, perhaps, than any other formations in North 
America. 

It will be seen that the Chester limestone is omitted from the subcarbon- 
iferous group, and which completes the full geological series. It is probable 
tlie whole surface of Iowa was above the sea during the time of the 
formation of the Chester limestone to the southward about one hundred 
miles. 

At the close of the epoch of the Chester limestone, the shallow seas in 
which the lower coal measures were formed again occupied the land, extending 
almost as far north as that sea had done in which the Kinderhook beds were 
formed, and to the northeastward its deposits extended beyond the subcarbon- 
iferous groups, outlines of which are found upon the next, or Devonian rock. 

THE COAL-MEASURE GROUP. 

The coal-measure group of Iowa is properly divided into three formations, 
viz., the lower, middle and upper coal measures, each having a vertical thick- 
ness of about two hundred feet. 

A line drawn upon the map of Iowa as follows, w^ill represent the eastern 
and northern boundaries of the coal fields of the State : Commencing: at the 
southeast corner of Van Buren County, carry the line to the northeast corner 
of Jefferson County by a slight easterly curve through the western portions of 
Lee and Henry Counties. Produce this line until it reaches a point six or 
eight miles northward from the one last named, and then carry it northwest- 
ward, keeping it at about the same distance to the northward of Skunk River 
and its north branch that it had at first, until it reaches the southern boundary 
of Marshall County, a little west of its center. Then carry it to a point 



128 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

three or four miles northeast from Eldora, in Hardin County ; thence west- 
ward to a point a little north of Webster City, in Hamilton County ; and 
thence further westward to a point a little north of Fort Dodge, in Webster 
County. 

Loiver Coal Measures. — In consequence of the recedence to the southwanl 
of the borders of the middle and upper coal measures, the lower coal measures 
alone exist to the eastward and northward of Des Moines River. They also 
occupy a large area westward and southward of that river, but their southerly 
dip passes them below the middle coal measures at no great distance from the 
river. 

No other formation in the whole State possesses the economic value of the 
lower coal measures. The clay that underlies almost every bed of coal furnishes 
a large amount of material for potters' use. The sandstone of these measures 
is usually soft and unfit, but in some places, as near Red Rock, in Marion 
County, blocks of large dimensions are obtained which make good building 
material, samples of which can be seen in the State Arsenal, at Des Moines. 
On the whole, that portion of the State occupied by the lower coal measures, 
is not well supplied with stone. 

But few fossils have been found in any of the strata of the lower coal meas- 
ures, but such animal remains as have been found are without exception of 
marine origin. 

Of fossil plants found in these measures, all probably belong to the class 
aerogens. Specimens of calamites, and several species of ferns, are found in 
all of the coal measures, but the genus lepidodendron seems not to have existed 
later than the epoch of the middle coal measures. 

Middle Coal Measures. — This formation within the State of Iowa occupies 
a narrow belt of territory in the southern central portion of the State, embrac- 
ing a superficial area of about fourteen hundred square miles. The counties 
more or less underlaid by this formation are Guthrie, Dallas, Polk, Madison. 
Warren, Clarke, Lucas, Monroe, Wayne and Appanoose. 

This formation is composed of alternating beds of clay, sandstone and lime- 
stone, the clays or shales constituting the bulk of the formation, the limestotn. 
occurring in their bands, the lithological peculiarities of which offer many con- 
trasts to the limestones of the upper and lower coal measures. The formation 
is also characterized by regular Avave-like undulations, with a parallelism whicli 
indicates a widespread disturbance, though no dislocation of the strata have 
been discovered. 

Generally speaking, few species of fossils occur in these beds. Some of tht 
shales and sandstone have afforded a few imperfectly preserved land plants — 
three or four species of ferns, belonging to the genera. Some of the carbonif- 
erous shales afford beautiful specimens of what appear to have been sea-weeds. 
Radiates arc represented by corals. The mollusks are most numerously repre- 
sented. Trilohites and ostracoids are the only remains known of articulates. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 129 

Vertebrates are only known by the remains of salaehians, or sharks, and 
ganoids. 

Upper Coal 3Ieasures. — The area occupied by this formation in Iowa is 
very great, comprising thirteen whole counties, in the southwestern part of the 
State. It adjoins by its northern and eastern boundaries the area occupied by 
the middle coal measures. 

The prominent lithological features of this formation are its limestones, yet 
it contains a considerable proportion of shales and sandstones. Although it is 
known by the name of upper coal measures, it contains but a single bed of coal, 
and that only about twenty inches in maximum thickness. 

The limestone exposed in this formation furnishes good material for building 
as in Madison and Fremont Counties. The sandstones are quite worthless. No 
beds of clay for potter's use are found in the whole formation. 

The fossils in this formation are much more numerous than in either the 
middle or lower coal measures. The vertebrates are represented by the fishes 
of the orders selachians and ganoids. The articulates are represented by the 
trilobites and ostracoids. Mollusks are represented by the classes cephalapoda, 
gasteropoda^ lamelli, branchiata, hrachiapoda and polyzoa. Radiates are more 
numerous than in the lower and middle coal measures. Protogoans are repre- 
sented in the greatest abundance, some layers of limestone being almost entirely 
composed of their small fusiform shells. 

CRETACEOUS SYSTEM. 

There being no rocks, in Iowa, of permian, triassic or Jurassic age, the 
next strata in the geological series are of the cretaceous age. They are found 
in the western half of the State, and do not dip, as do all the other formations 
upon which they rest, to the southAvard and westward, but have a general dip 
of their own to the north of westward, which, however, is very slight. 
Although the actual exposures of cretaceous rocks are few in Iowa, there is 
reason to believe that nearly all the western half of the State was originally 
occupied by them ; but being very friable, they have been removed by denuda- 
tion, which has taken place at two separate periods. The first period was 
during its elevation from the cretaceous sea, and during the long tertiary age 
that passed between the time of that elevation and the commencement of the 
glacial epoch. The second period was during the glacial epoch, when the ice 
produced their entire removal over considerable areas. 

It is difficult to indicate the exact boundaries of these rocks ; the following 
will approximate the outlines of the area : 

From the northeast corner to the southwest corner of Kossuth County ; 
thence to the southeast corner of Guthrie County; thence to the southeast 
corner of Cass County; thence to the middle of the south boundary of Mont- 
gomery County ; thence to the middle of the north boundary of Pottawattamie 
County ; thence to the middle of the south boundary of Woodbury County ; 



130 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

thence to Sergeant's bluffs; up the Missouri and Big Sioux Rivers to the 
northwest corner of the State; eastward along the State line to the place of 
beginning. 

All -the cretaceous rocks in Iowa are a part of the same deposits farther up 
the Missouri River, and in reality form their eastern boundary. 

Nishnahotany Sandstone. — This rock has the most easterly and southerly 
extent of the cretaceous deposits of Iowa, reaching the southeastern part of 
Guthrie County and the southern part of Montgomery County, To the north- 
ward, it passes beneath the Woodbury sandstones and shales, the latter passing 
beneath the inoceramus, or chalky, beds. This sandstone is, with few excep- 
tions, almost valueless for economic purposes. 

The only fossils found in this formation are a few fragments of angiosper- 
mous leaves. 

Woodbury Sandstones and Shales. — These strata rest upon the Nishna- 
hotany sandstone, and have not been observed outside of Woodbury County, 
hence their name. Their principal exposure is at Sergeant's Bluffs, seven 
miles below Sioux City. 

This rock has no value except for purposes of common masonry. 

Fossil remains are rare. Detached scales of a lepidoginoid species have 
been detected, but no other vertebrate remains. Of remains of vegetation, 
leaves of salix meekii and sassafras cretaceum have been occasionally found. 

Inoceramus Beds. — These beds rest upon the Woodbury sandstones and 
shales. They have not been observed in Iowa, except in the bluffs which 
border the Big Sioux River in Woodbury and Plymouth Counties. They are 
composed almost entirely of calcareous material, the upper portion of which is 
extensively used for lime. No building material is to be obtained from these 
beds ; and tlie only value they possess, except lime, are the marls, which at 
some time may be useful on the soil of the adjacent region. 

The only vertebrate remains found in the cretaceous rocks are the fishes. 
Those in the inoceramus beds of Iowa are two species of squoloid selachians, 
or cestratront, and three genera of teliosts. Molluscan remains are rare. 

PEAT. 

Extensive beds of peat exist in Northern Middle Iowa, which, it is esti 
mated, contain the following areas : 

Counties. Acres. 

Cerro Gordo 1,500 

Worth ♦ 2,(00 

Winnebago 2,000 

Hancock 1,500 

Wright 500 

Kossuth 700 

Dickinson 80 

Several other counties contain peat beds, but the character of the peat is 
inferior to that in the northern part of the State. The character of the peat 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 131 

named is equal to that of Ireland. The beds are of an average depth of four 
feet. It is estimated that each acre of these beds will furnish two hundred and 
fifty tons of dry fuel for each foot in depth. At present, owing to the sparse- 
ness of the population, this peat is not utilized ; but, owing to its great distance 
from the coal fields and the absence of timber, the time is coming when their 
value will be realized, and the fact demonstrated that Nature has abundantly 
compensated the deficiency of other fuel. 

GYPSUM. 

The only deposits of the sulphates of the alkaline earths of any economic 
value in Iowa are those of gypsum at and in the vicinity of Fort Dodge, in 
Webster County. All others are small and unimportant. The deposit occupies 
a nearly central position in Webster County, the Des Moines River running 
nearly centrally through it, along the valley sides of which the gypsum is seen 
in the form of ordinary rock cliff and ledges, and also occurring abundantly in 
similar positions along both sides of the valleys of the smaller streams and of 
the numero.us ravines coming into the river valley. 

The most northerly known limit of the deposit is at a point near the mouth 
of Lizard Creek, a tributary of the Des Moines River, and almost adjoining 
the town of Fort Dodge. The most southerly point at which it has been 
found exposed is about six miles, by way of the river, from this northerly point 
before mentioned. Our knowledge of the width of the area occupied by it is 
limited by the exposures seen in the valleys of the small streams and in the 
ravines which come into the valley within the distance mentioned. As one goes 
up these ravines and minor valleys, the gypsum becomes lost beneath the over- 
lying drift. There can be no doubt that the difierent parts of this deposit, now 
disconnected by the valleys and ravines having been cut through it, were orig- 
inally connected as a continuous d.eposit, and there seems to be as little reason 
to doubt that the gypsum still extends to considerable distance on each side of 
the valley of the river beneath the drift which covers the region to a depth of 
from twenty to sixty feet. 

The country round about this region has the prairie surface approximating 
a general level which is so characteristic of the greater part of the State, and 
which exists irrespective of the character or geological age of the strata beneath, 
mainly because the drift is so deep and uniformly distributed that it frequently 
almost alone gives character to the surface. The valley sides of the Des Moines 
River, in the vicinity of Fort Dodge, are somewhat abrupt, having a depth there 
from the general level of the upland of about one hundred and seventy feet, 
and consequently presents somewhat bold and interesting features in the land- 
scape. 

As one walks up and down the creeks and ravines which come into the 
valley of the Des Moines River there, he sees the gypsum exposed on 
either side of them, jutting out from beneath the drift in the, form of 



132 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

ledges and bold quarry fronts, having almost the exact appearance of 
ordinary limestone exposures, so horizontal and regular are its lines of 
stratification, and so similar in color is it to some varieties of that rock. The 
principal quarries now opened are on Two Mile Creek, a couple of miles below 
Fort Dodge. 

The reader will please bear in mind that the gypsum of this remarkable 
deposit does not occur in "heaps " or " nests," as it does in most deposits of 
gypsum in the States farther eastward, but that it exists here in the form of a 
regularly stratified, continuous formation, as uniform in texture, color and 
quality throughout the whole region, and from top to bottom of the deposit 
as the granite of the Quincy quarries is. Its color is a uniform gray, result- 
ing from alternating fine horizontal lines of nearly white, with similar lines 
of darker shade. The gypsum of the white lines is almost entirely pure, the 
darker lines containing the impurity. This is at intervals barely sufficient in 
amount to cause the separation of the mass upon those lines into beds or layers, 
thus facilitating the quarrying of it into desired shapes. These bedding sur- 
faces have occasionally a clayey feeling to the touch, but there is nowhere any 
intercalation of clay or other foreign substance in a separate form. The deposit 
is known to roach a thickness of thirty feet at the quarries referred to, but 
although it will probably be found to exceed this thickness at some other points, 
at the natural exposures, it is seldom seen to be more than from ten to twenty 
feet thick. 

Since the drift is usually seen to rest directly upon the gypsum, with noth- 
ing intervening, except at a few points where traces appear of an overlying bed 
of clayey material without doubt of the same age as the gypsum, the latter 
probably lost something of its thickness by mechanical erosion during the 
glacial epoch ; and it has, doubtless, also suffered some diminution of thickness 
since then by solution in the waters which constantly percolate through the 
drift from the surface. The drift of this region being somewhat clayey, partic- 
ulary in its lower part, it has doubtless served in some degree as a protection 
against the diminution of the gypsum by solution in consequence of its partial 
imperviousness to water. If the gypsum had been covered by a deposit of sand 
instead of the drift clays, it would have no doubt long since disappeared by 
being dissolved in the water that would have constantly reached it from the sur- 
face. Water merely resting upon it would not dissolve it away to any extent, 
but it rapidly disappears under the action of running water. Where little rills 
of water at the time of every rain run over the face of an unused quarry, from 
the surface above it, deep grooves are thereby cut into it, giving it somewhat the 
appearance of melting ice around a waterfall. The fact that gypsum is now 
suffering a constant, but, of course, very slight, diminution, is apparent in the 
fact the springs of the region contain more or less of it in solution in their 
waters. An analysis of water from one of these springs will be found in Prof. 
Emery's report. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 133 

Besides the clayey beds that are sometimes seen to rest upon the gypsum, 
there are occasionally others seen beneath them that are also of the same 
age, and not of the age of the coal-measure strata upon which they rest. 

Age of the Gypsum Deposit. — In neither the gypsum nor the associated 
clays has any trace of any fossil remains been found, nor has any other indica- 
tion of its geological age been observed, except that which is afforded by its 
stratigraphical relations ; and the most that can be said with certainty is that it 
is newer than the coal measures, and older than the drift. The indications 
afforded by the stratigraphical relations of the gypsum deposit of Fort Dodge 
are, however, of considerable value. 

As already shown, it rests in that region directly and unconformably upon 
the lower coal measures ; but going southward from there, the whole series of 
coal-measure strata from the top of the subcarboniferous group to the upper 
coal measures, inclusive, can be traced without break or unconformability. 
The strata of the latter also may be traced in the same manner up into the 
Permian rocks of Kansas ; and through this long series, there is no place or 
horizon which suggests that the gypsum deposit might belong there. 

Again, no Tertiary deposits are known to exist within or near the borders 
of Iowa to suggest that the gypsum might be of that age ; nor are any of the 
pala30zoic strata newer than the subcarboniferous unconformable upon each 
other as the other gypsum is unconformable upon the strata beneath it. It 
therefore seems, in a measure, conclusive, that the gypsum is of Mesozoic age, 
perhaps older than the Cretaceous. 

LitJiological Origin. — As little can be said with certainty concerning the 
lithological origin of this deposit as can be said concerning its geological age, 
for it seems to present itself in this relation, as in the former one, as an isolated 
fact. None of the associated strata show any traces of a double decomposition 
of pre-existing materials, such as some have supposed all deposits of gypsum to 
have resulted from. No considerable quantities of oxide of iron nor any trace 
of native sulphur have been found in connection with it ; nor has any salt been 
found in the waters of the region. These substances are common in association 
with other gypsum deposits, and are regarded by some persons as indicative of 
the method of or resulting from their origin as such. Throughout the whole 
region, the Fort Dodge gypsum has the exact appearance of a sedimentary 
deposit. It is arranged in layers like the regular layers of limestone, and the 
whole mass, from top to bottom, is traced with fine horizontal laminre; of alter- 
nating white ajid gray gypsum, parallel with the bedding surfaces of the layers, 
but the whole so intimately blended as to form a solid mass. The darker lines 
contain almost all the impurity there is in the gypsum, and that impurity is 
evidently sedimentary in its character. From these facts, and also from the 
further one that no trace of fossil remains has been detected in the gypsum, it 
seems not unreasonable to entertain the opinion that the gypsum of Fort Dodge 
originated as a chemical precipitation in comparatively still waters which were 



134 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

saturated with sulphate of lime and destitute of life ; its stratification and 
impurities being deposited at the same time as clayey impurities which had been 
held suspended in the same waters. 

Physical Properties. — Much has already been said of the physical proper- 
ties or character of this gypsum, but as it is so different in some respects from 
that of other deposits, there are yet other matters worthy of mention in connec- 
tion with those. According to the results of a complete and exhaustive anal- 
ysis by Prof. Emery, the ordinary gray gypsum contains only about eight per 
cent, of impurity ; and it is possible that the average impurity for the whole 
deposit will not exceed that proportion, so uniform in quality is it from to top 
to bottom and from one end of the region to the other. 

When it is remembered that plaster for agricultural purposes is sometimes 
prepared from gypsum that contains as much as thirty per cent, of impurity, it 
will be seen that ours is a very superior article for such purposes. The impu- 
rities are also of such a character that they do not in any way interfere with its 
value for use in the arts. Although the gypsum rock has a gray color, it 
becomes quite white by grinding, and still whiter by the calcining process nec- 
essary in the preparation of plaster of Paris. These tests have all been practi- 
cally made in the rooms of the Geological Survey, and the quality of the plaster 
of Paris still further tested by actual use and experiment. No hesitation, 
therefore, is felt in stating that the Fort Dodge gypsum is of as good a quality 
as any in the country, even for the finest uses. 

In view of the bounteousness of the primitive fertility of our Iowa soils, 
many persons forget that a time may come when Nature will refuse to respond 
so generously to our demand as she does now, without an adequate return. 
Such are apt to say that this vast deposit of gypsum is valueless to our com- 
monwealth, except to the small extent that it may be used in the arts. This 
is undoubtedly a short-sighted view of the subject, for the time is even now 
rapidly passing away when a man may purchase a new farm for less money 
tlian he can rc-fertilize and restore the partially wasted primitive fertility of the 
one he now occupies. There are farms even now in a large part of the older 
settled portions of the State that would be greatly benefited by the proper 
application of plaster, and such areas will continue to increase until it will be 
difficult to estimate the value of the deposit of gypsum at Fort Dodge. It 
should be remembered, also, tliat the inhabitants of an extent of country 
adjoining our State more tlian throe times as great as its own area will find it 
more convenient to obtain their supplies from Fort Dodge than from any other 
source. 

For want of direct railroad communication between this region and other 
parts of the State, the only use yet made of the gypsum by the inhabitants is 
for the purposes of ordinary building stone. It is so compact that it is found 
to be conjparatively unaffected by the frost, and its ordinary situation in walls 
of houses is such that it is protected from the dissolving action of water, which 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 135 

can at most reach it only from occasional rains, and the effect of these is too 
slight to be perceived after the lapse of several years. 

One of the citizens of Fort Dodge, Hon. John F. Duncombe, built a large, 
fine residence of it, in 1861, the walls of which appear as unaffected by 
exposure and as beautiful as they were when first erected. It has been so long 
and successfully used for building stone by the inhabitants that they now prefer 
it to the limestone of good quality, which also exists in the immediate vicinity. 
This preference is due to the cheapness of the gypsum, as compared with the 
stone. The cheapness of the former is largely due to the facility with which it 
is quarried and wrought. Several other houses have been constructed of it in 
Fort Dodge, including the depot building of the Dubuque & Sioux City Rail- 
road. The company have also constructed a large culvert of the same material 
to span a creek near the town, limestone only being used for the lower courses, 
which come in contact with the water. It is a fine arch, each stone of gypsum 
being nicely hewn, and it will doubtless prove a very durable one. Many of 
the sidewalks in the town are made of the slabs or flags of gypsum which occur 
in some of the quarries in the form of thin layers. They are more durable 
than their softness would lead one to suppose. They also possess an advantage 
over stone in not becoming slippery when worn. 

The method adopted in quarrying and dressing the blocks of gypsum is 
peculiar, and quite unlike that adopted in similar treatment of ordinary stone. 
Taking a stout auger-bit of an ordinary brace, such as is used by carpenters, 
and filing the cutting parts of it into a peculiar form, the quarryman bores his 
holes into the gypsum quarry for blasting, in the same manner and with as 
great facility as a carpenter would bore hard wood. The pieces being loosened 
by blasting, they are broken up with sledges into convenient sizes, or hewn 
into the desired shapes by means of hatchets or ordinary chopping axes, or cut 
by means of ordinary wood-saws. So little grit does the gypsum contain that 
these tools, made for working wood, are found to be better adapted for working 
the former substance than those tools are which are universally used for work- 
ing stone. 

MINOR DEPOSITS OF SULPHATE OF LIME. 

Besides the great gypsum deposit of Fort Dodge, sulphate of lime in the 
various forms of fibrous gypsum, selenite, and small, amorphous masses, has 
also been discovered in various formations in different parts of the State, includ- 
ing the coal -measure shales near Fort Dodge, where it exists in small quanti- 
ties, quite independently of the great gypsum deposit there. The quantity of 
gypsum in these minor deposits is always too small to be of any practical value, 
and frequently minute. They usually occur in shales and shaly clays, asso- 
ciated with strata that contain more or less sulphuret of iron (iron pyrites). 
Gypsum has thus been detected in the coal measures, the St. Louis limestone, 
the cretaceous strata, and also in the lead caves of Dubuque. In most of these 
cases it is evidently the result of double decomposition of iron pyrites and car- 



13(3 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

bonate of lime, previously existing there ; in which cases the gypsum is of course 
not an original deposit as the great one at Fort Dodge is supjwsed to be. 

The existence of these comparatively minute quantities of gypsum in the 
shales of the coal measures and the subcarboniferous limestone which are exposed 
within the region of and occupy a stratigraphical position beneath the great 
^^•vpsum deposits, suggests the possibility that the former may have originated as 
a precipitate from percolating waters, holding gypsum in solution which they 
had derived from that deposit in passing over or through it. Since, however, 
the same substance is found in similar small quantities and under similar con- 
ditions in regions where they could have had no possible connection with that 
deposit, it is believed that none of those mentioned have necessarily originated 
from it, not even those that are found in close proximity to it. 

The gypsum found in the lead caves is usually in the form of efflorescent 
fibers, and is always in small quantity. In the lower coal-measure shale near 
Fort Dodge, a small mass was found in the form of an intercalated layer, which 
had a distinct fibrous structure, the fibers being perpendicular to the plane of 
the layer. The same mass had also distinct, horizontal planes of cleavage at 
right angles with the perpendicular fibers. Thus, being more or less transpa- 
rent, the mass combined the characters of both fibrous gypsum and selenite. 
Ko anhydrous sulphate of lime {anhydrite) has been found in connection with 
the great gypsum deposit, nor elsewhere in Iowa, so far as yet known. 

SULPHATE OF STRONTIA. 
( Celestine. ) 

The only locality at which this interesting mineral has yet been found in 
Iowa, or, so for as is known, in the great valley of the Mississippi, is at Fort 
Dodge. It occurs there in very small quantity in both the shales of the lower 
coal measures and in the clays that overlie the gypsum deposit, and which are 
regarded as of the same age with it. The first is just below the city, near Rees' 
coal bank, and occurs as a layer intercalated among the coal measure shales, 
amounting in quantity to only a few hundred pounds' weight. The mineral is 
fibrous and crystalline, the fibers being perpendicular to the plane of the layer. 
Breaking also with more or less distinct horizontal planes of cleavage, it resem- 
bles, in physical character, the layer of fibro-crystalline gypsum before men- 
tioned. Its color is light blue, is transparent and shows crystaline facets upon 
both the upper and under surfaces of the layer ; those of the upper surface 
being smallest and most numerous. It breaks up readily into small masses 
along the lines of the perpendicular fibers or columns. The layer is probably 
not more than a rod in extent in any direction and about three inches in maxi- 
mum thickness. Apparent lines of stratification occur in it, corresponding with 
those of the shales which imbed it. 

The other deposit was still smaller in amount, and occurred as a mass of 
crystals imbedded in the clays that overlie the gypsum at Cummins' quarry in 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 137 

the valley of Soldier Creek, upon the north side of the town. The mineral is 
in this case nearly colorless, and but for the form of the separate crystals would 
closely resemble masses of impure salt. The crystals are so closely aggregated 
that they enclose but little impurity in the mass, but in almost all cases their 
fundamental forms are obscured. This mineral has almost no real practical 
value, and its occurrence, as described, is interesting only as a mineralogical 
fact. 

SULPHATE OF BARYTA. 

[^Barytis, Heavy Spar.) 

This mineral has been found only in minute quantities in Iowa. It has 
been detected in the coal-measure shales of Decatur, Madison and Marion 
Counties, the Devonian limestone of Johnson and Bremer Counties and in the 
lead caves of Dubuque. In all these cases, it is in the form of crystals or small 
crystalline masses. 

SULPHATE OF MAGNESIA. 
[Epsomite.) 

Epsomite, or native epsom salts, having been discovered near Burlington, 
we have thus recognized in Iowa all the sulphates of the alkaline earths of 
natural origin ; all of them, except the sulphate of lime, being in very small 
quantity. Even if the sulphate of magnesia were produced in nature, in large 
quantities, it is so very soluble that it can accumulate only in such positions as 
afford it complete shelter from the rains or running water. The epsomite 
mentioned was found beneath the overhanging cliff of Burlington limestone, 
near Starr's mill, which are represented in the sketch upon another page, illus- 
trating the subcarboniferous rocks. It occurs in the form of efflorescent encrus- 
tations upon the surface of stones and in similar small fragile masses among the 
fine debris that has fallen down beneath the overhanging cliff. The projection 
of the cliff over the perpendicular face of the strata beneath amounts to near 
twenty feet at the point where epsomite was found. Consequently the rains 
never reach far beneath it from any quarter. The rock upon which the epsom- 
ite accumulates is an impure limestone, containing also some carbonate of mag- 
nesia, together with a small proportion of iron pyrites in a finely divided con- 
dition. It is doubtless by double decomposition of these that the epsomite re- 
sults. By experiments with this native salt in the office of the Survey, a fine 
article of epsom salts was produced, but the quantity that might be annually 
obtained there would amount to only a few pounds, and of course is of no prac- 
tical value whatever, on account of its cheapness in the market. 

CLIMATOLOGY. 

No extended record of the climatology of Iowa has been made, yet much of 
great value may be learned from observations made at a single point. Prof T. 
S. Parvin, of the State University, has recorded observations made from 1839 
to the present time. Previous to 1860, these observations were made at Mus- 



138 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF lOAVA. 



catine. Since that date, they were made in Iowa City. The result is that the 
atmospheric conditions of the climate of Iowa are in the highest degree favor- 
able to health. 

The highest temperature here occurs in August, while July is the hottest 
month in the year by two degrees, and January the coldest by three degrees. 

The mean temperature of April and October most nearly corresponds to the 
mean temperature of the year, as well as their seasons of Spring and Fall, 
while that of Summer and Winter is best represented in that of August and 
December. 

The period of greatest heat ranges from June 22d to August 31st ; the next 
mean time being July 27th. The lowest temperature extends from December 
16th to February 15th, the average being January 20th — the range in each 
case being two full months. 

The climate of Iowa embraces the range of that of New York, Pennsyl- 
vania. Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. The seasons are not characterized by the 
frequent and sudden changes so common in the latitudes further south. The 
temperature of the Winters is somewhat lower than States eastward, but of other 
seasons it is higher. The atmosphere is dry and invigorating. The surface of 
the State being free at all seasons of the year from stagnant water, with good 
breezes at nearly all seasons, the miasmatic and pulmonary diseases are 
unknown. Mortuary statistics show this to be one of the most healthful States 
in the Union, being one death to every ninety-four persons. The Spring, 
Summer and Fall months are delightful ; indeed, the glory of Iowa is her 
Autumn, and nothing can transcend the splendor of her Indian Summer, which 
lasts for weeks, and finally blends, almost imperceptibly, into Winter. 




wft^ 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



DISCOVERY AND OCCUPATION. 

Iowa, in the symbolical and expressive language of the aboriginal inhab- 
itants, is said to signify " The Beautiful Land," and was applied to this 
magnificent and fruitful region by its ancient owners, to express their apprecia- 
tion of its superiority of climate, soil and location. Prior to 1803, the Mississippi 
River was the extreme western boundary of the United States. All the great 
empire lying west of the " Father of Waters," from the Gulf of Mexico on the 
south to British America on the north, and westward to the Pacific Ocean, was 
a Spanish province. A brief historical sketch of the discovery and occupation 
of this grand empire by the Spanish and French governments will be a fitting 
introduction to the history of the young and thriving State of Iowa, which, 
until the commencement of the present century, was a part of the Spanish 
possessions in America. 

Early in the Spring of 1542, fifty years after Columbus discovered the New 
World, and one hundred and thirty years before the French missionaries discov- 
ered its upper waters, Ferdinand De Soto discovered the mouth of the Mississippi 
River at the mouth of the Washita. After the sudden death of De Soto, in 
May of the same year, his followers built a small vessel, and in July, 1543, 
descended the great river to the Gulf of Mexico. 

In accordance with the usage of nations, under which title to the soil was 
claimed by right of discovery, Spain, having conquered Florida and discovered 
the Mississippi, claimed all the territory bordering on that river and the Gulf of 
Mexico. But it was also held by the European nations that, Avhile discovery 
gave title, that title must be perfected by actual possession and occupation. 
Although Spain claimed the territory by right of first discovery, she made no 
effort to occupy it; by no permanent settlement had she perfected and held her 
title, and therefore had forfeited it when, at a later period, the Lower Mississippi 
Valley was re-discovered and occupied by France. 

The unparalleled labors of the zealous Frc nch Jesuits of Canada in penetrating 
the unknown region of the West, commencing in 1611, form a history of no ordi- 
nary interest, but have no particular connection with the scope of the present 
work, until in the Fall of 1665. Pierre Claude Allouez, who had entered Lake 
Superior in September, and sailed along the southern coast in search of copper, 
had arrived at the great village of the Chippewas at Chegoincegon. Here a 
grand council of some ten or twelve of the principal Indian nations was held. 
The Pottawatomies of Lake Michigan, the Sacs and Foxes of the West, the 
Hurons from the North, the Illinois from the South, and the Sioux from the 
land of the prairie and wild rice, were all assembled there. The Illinois told 



140 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

the storv of their ancient glory and about the noble river on the banks of which 
they dwelt. The Sioux also 'told their white brother of the same great river, 
and Alloucz promised to the assembled tribes the protection of the French 
nation against all their enemies, native or foreign. 

The purpose of discovering the great river about which the Indian na- 
tions had given such glowing accounts appears to have originated with Mar- 
quette, in 1060. In the year previous, he and Claude Dablon had established 
the Mission of St. Mary's, the oldest white settlement within the present limits 
of the State of INIiehigan. Marquette was delayed in the execution of his great 
undertaking, and spent the interval in studying the language and habits of the 
Illinois Indians, among whom he expected to travel. 

About this time, the French Government had determined to extend the do- 
minion of France to the extreme western borders of Canada. Nicholas Perrot 
was sent as the agent of the government, to propose a grand council of the 
Indian nations, at St. Mary's. 

When Perrot reached Green Bay, he extended the invitation far and near ; 
and, escorted by Pottawatomies, repaired on a mission of peace and friend- 
ship to the Miamis, who occupied the region about the present location of 
Chicago. 

In May, 1671, a great council of Indians gathered at the Falls of St. 
Mary, from all parts of the Northwest, from the head waters of the St. Law- 
rence, from the valley of the Mississippi and from the Red River of the North. 
Perrot met with them, and after grave consultation, formally announced to the 
assembled nations that their good French Father felt an abiding interest in their 
welfare, and had placed them all under the powerful protection of the French 
Government. 

Marquette, during that same year, had gathered at Point St. Ignace the 
remn ants of one branch of the Hurons. This station, for a long series of 
years, was considered the key to the unknown West. 

The time was now auspiciaus for the consummation of Marquette's grand 
project. The successful termination of Perrot's mission, and the general friend- 
liness of the native tribes, rendered the contemplated expedition much less per- 
ilous. But it was not until 1673 that the intrepid and enthusiastic priest was 
finally ready to depart on his daring and perilous journey to lands never trod by 
white men. 

The Indians, who had gathered in large numbers to witness his departure, 
were astounded at the boldness of the proposed undertaking, and tried to dis- 
courage him, representing that the Indians of the Mississippi Valley were cruel 
and bloodthirsty, and would resent the intrusion of strangers upon their domain. 
The great river itself, they said, was the abode of terrible monsters, who could 
swallow both canoes and men. 

But Mar(|uette was not to be diverted from his purpose by these fearful re- 
ports. He assured his dusky friends that he was ready to make any sacrifice, 
even to hiy down his life f.r tiie sacred cause in which he was engaged. He 
praye<l with them ; and having implored the blessing of God upon his undertak- 
ing, on the l;Uh day of May, 1673, with Joliet and five Canadian-French voy- 
ageurs, or boatmen, he left the mission on his daring journey. Ascending 
Green Bay and Fox River, these bold and enthusiastic pioneers of religion and 
discovery proceeded until they reached a Miami and Kickapoo village, where 
Marquette was delighted to find " a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the 
town, ornamented with white skins, red girdles and bows and arrows, which 
these good people had ottered to the Great Manitou, or God, to thank Him for 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 141 

the pity He had bestowed on them during the Winter, in having given them 
abundant chase." 

This was the extreme point beyond which the explorations of the French 
missionaries had not then extended. Here Marquette was instructed by his 
Indian hosts in the secret of a root that cures the bite of the venomous rattle- 
snake, drank mineral water with them and was entertained with generous hos- 
pitality. He called together the principal men of the village, and informed 
them that his companion, Joliet, had been sent by the French Governor of Can- 
ada to discover new countries, to be added to the dominion of France ; but that 
he, himself, had been sent by the Most High God, to carry the glorious I'eligion 
of the Cross ; and assured his wondering hearers that on this mission he had 
no fear of death, to which he knew he would be exposed on his perilous journeys. 

Obtaining the services of two Miami guides, to conduct his little band to the 
Wisconsin River, he left the hospitable Indians on the 10th of June. Conduct- 
ing them across the portage, their Indian guides returned to their village, and 
the little party descended the Wisconsin, to the great river which had so long 
been so anxiously looked for, and boldly floated down its unknown waters. 

On the 25th of June, the explorers discovered indications of Indians on the 
west bank of the river and land 'd a little above the mouth of the river now 
known as Des Moines, and for the first time Europeans trod the soil of Iowa. 
Leaving the Canadians to guard the canoes, Marquette and Joliet boldly fol- 
lowed the trail into the interior for fourteen miles (some authorities say six), to 
an Indian village situate on the banks of a river, and discovered two other vil- 
lages, on the rising ground about half a league distant. Their visit, while it 
created much astonishment, did not seem to be entirely unexpected, for there 
was a tradition or prophecy among the Indians that white visitors were to come 
to them. They were, therefore, received with great respect and hospitality, and 
were cordially tendered the calumet or pipe of peace. They were informed that 
this band Avas a part of the Illini nation and that their village was called Mon- 
in-gou-ma or Moingona, which was the name of the river on which it stood. 
This, from its similarity of sound, Marquette corrupted into Des Moines 
(Monk's River), its present name. 

Here the voyagers remained six days, learning much of the manners and 
customs of their new friends. The new religion they boldly preached and the 
authority of the King of France they proclaimed were received without hos- 
tility or remonstrance by their savage entertainers. On their departure, they 
were accompanied to their canoes by the chiefs and hundreds of warriors. 
Marquette received from them the sacred calumet, the emblem of peace and 
safeguard among the nations, and re-embarked for the rest of his journev- 

It is needless to follow him further, as his explorations beyond his discovery 
of Iowa more properly belong to the history of another State. 

In 1682, La Salle descended the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, and in 
the xianie of the King of France, took formal possession of all the immense 
region watered by the great river and its tributaries from its source to its mouth, 
and named it Louisiana, in honor of his master, Louis XIV. The river he 
called " Colbert," after the French Minister, and at its mouth erected a column 
and a cross bearing the inscription, in the French language, 

" Louis the Great, King of France and Navarre, 
Reigning April 9th, 1682." 

At the close of the seventeenth century, France claimed, by right of dis- 
covery and occupancy, the whole valley of the Mississippi and its tributaries, 
including Texas, as far as the Rio del Norte. 



142 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA 

The province of Louisiana stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to the sources 
of the Tennessee, the Kanawha, the Allegheny and the Monongahela on the 
east, and the Missouri and the other great tributaries of the Father of Waters 
on the west. Says Bancroft, " France had obtained, under Providence, the 
guardianship of this immense district of country, not, as it proved, for her own 
benefit, but rather as a trustee for the infant nation by which it wa^ one day to 
be inherited." 

By the treaty of Utrecht, France ceded to England her possessions 
in Iludson's Bay, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. France still retained 
Louisiana ; but the province had so far failed to meet the expectations of the 
crown and the peo}>le that a change in the government and policy of the country 
was deemed indispensable. Accordingly, in 1711, the province was placed in 
the hands of a Governor General, with headquarters at Mobile. This govern- 
ment was of brief duration, and in 1712 a charter was granted to Anthony 
Crozat, a wealthy merchant of Paris, giving him the entire control and mo- 
nopoly of all the trade and resources of Louisiana. But this scheme also failed. 
Crozat met with no success in his commercial operations ; every Spanish harbor 
on the Gulf was closed against his vessels; the occupation of Louisiana was 
deemed an encroachment on Spanish territory ; Spain was jealous of the am- 
bition of France. 

Failing in his efforts to open the ports of the district, Crozat "sought to 
develop tlie internal resources of Louisiana, by causing trading posts to be 
opened, and explorations to be made to its remotest borders. But he 
actually accomplished nothing for the advancement of the colony. The only 
prosperity which it ever possessed grew out of the enterprise of humble indi- 
viduals, wdio had succeeded in instituting a little barter between themselves 
and the natives, and a petty trade with neighboring European settlements. 
After a persevering effort of nearly five years, he surrendered his charter in 
August, 1717." 

Immediately following the surrender of his charter by Crozat, another and 
more magnificent scheme was inaugurated. The national government of France 
was deeply involved in debt; the colonies were nearly bankrupt, and John Law 
appeared on the scene with his famous Mississippi Company, as the Louisiana 
branch of the Bank of France. The charter granted to this company gave it a 
legal existence of twenty-five years, and conferred upon it more extensive powers 
and privileges than had been granted to Crozat. It invested the new company 
with the exclusive privilege of the entire commerce of Louisiana, and of New 
France, and with authority to enforce their rights. The Company was author- 
ized to monopolize all the trade in the country ; to make treaties with the 
Indians ; to declare and prosecute war ; to grant lands, erect forts, open mines 
of precious metals, levy taxes, nominate civil officers, commission those of the 
army, and to appoint and remove judges, to cast cannon, and build and equip 
ships (»f war. All this was to be done with the paper currency of John Laws 
Bank of France. He had succeeded in getting His Majesty the French King 
to adopt and sanction his scheme of financial operations both in France and in 
the colonies, and probably there never was such a huge financial bul)ble ever 
Idown by a visionary theorist. Still, such was the condition of France that it 
was accepted as a national deliverance, and Law became the most powerful man 
in France. He became a Catholic, and was appointed Comptroller General of 
Finance. 

Among the first operations of the Company Avas to send eight hundred 
emigrants to Louisiana, who arrived at Dauphine Island in 1718. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 143 

In 1719, Philipe Francis Renault arrived in Illinois with two hundred 
miners and artisans. The war between France and Spain at this time rendered 
it extremely probable that the Mississippi Valley might become the theater of 
Spanish hostilities against the French settlements ; to prevent this, as well as to 
extend French claims, a chain of forts was begun, to keep open the connection 
between the mouth and the sources of the Mississippi. Fort Orleans, high up 
the Mississippi River, Avas erected as an outpost in 1720. 

The Mississippi scheme was at the zenith of its power and glory in January, 
1720, but the gigantic bubble collapsed more suddenly than it had been inilated, 
and the Company was declared hopelessly bankrupt in May following. France 
Avas impoverished by it, both private and public credit Avere overthrown, capi- 
talists suddenly found themselves paupers, and labor ^as left Avithout employ- 
ment. The effect on the colony of Louisiana Avas disastrous. 

While this Avas going on in LoAver Louisiana, the region about the lakes was 
the theater of Indian hostilities, rendering the passage from Canada to Louisiana 
extremely dangerous for many years. The English had not only extended their 
Indian trade into the vicinity of the French settlements, but through their 
friends, the Iroquois, had gained a marked ascendancy over the Foxes, a fierce 
and powerful tribe, of Iroquois descent, Avhom they incited to hostilities against 
the French. The Foxes began their hostilities with the siege of Detroit in 
1712, a siege which they continued for nineteen consecutive days, and although 
the expedition resulted in diminishing their numbers and humbling their pride, 
yet it Avas not until after several successive campaigns, embodying the best 
military resources of NeAV France, had been directed against them, that were 
finally defeated at the great battles of Butte des Morts, and on the Wisconsin 
River, and driven west in 1746. 

The Company, having found that the cost of defending Louisiana exceeded 
the returns from its commerce, solicited leave to surrender the Mississippi 
Avilderness to the home government. Accordingly, on the 10th of April, 1732, 
the jurisdiction and control over the commerce reverted to the crown of France. 
The Company had held possession of Louisiana fourteen years. In 1735, Bien- 
ville returned to assume command for the King. 

A glance at a few of the old French settlements will show the progress made 
in portions of Louisiana during the early part of the eighteenth century. As 
early as 1705, traders and hunters had penetrated the fertile regions of the 
Wabash, and from this region, at that early date, fifteen thousand hides and 
skins had been collected and sent to Mobile for the European market. 

In the year 1716, the French population on the Wabash kept up a lucrati\'e 
commerce with Mobile by means of traders and voyageurs. The Ohio River 
was comparatively unknown. 

In 1746, agriculture on the Wabash had attained to greater prosperity than 
in any of the French settlements besides, and in that year six hundred barrels 
of flour were manufactured and shipped to New Orleans, together Avith consider- 
able quantities of hides, peltry, tallow and beeswax. 

In the Illinois country, also, considerable settlements had been made, so that, 
in 1730, they embraced one hundred and forty French families, about six 
hundred "converted Indians," and many traders and voyageurs. 

In 1753, the first actual conflict arose between Louisiana and the Atlantic 
colonies. From the earliest advent of the Jesuit fathers, up to the period of 
which we speak, the great ambition of the French had been, not alone to preserve 
their possessions in the W^est, but by every possible means to prevent the 
slightest attempt of the English, east of the mountains, to extend their settle- 



144 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

raents toward the Mississippi. France was resolved on retaining possession of 
the great territory which her missionaries had discovered and revealed to the 
world. French commandants had avowed their purpose of seizing every 
Englishman within the Ohio Valley. 

The colonies of Pennsylvania, New York and Virginia were most affected by 
the encroachments of France in the extension of her dominion, and particularly 
in the great scheme of uniting Canada with Louisiana. To carry out this 
[•urpose, the French had taken possession of a tract of country claimed by Vir- 
ginia, and had commenced a line of forts extending from the lakes to the Ohio 
River. Virginia was not only alive to her own interests, but attentive to the 
vast importance of an immediate and effectual resistance on the part of all 
the English colonies to the actual and contemplated encroachments of the 
French. 

In 1753, Governor Dinwiddie, of Virginia, sent George Washington, then a 
young man just twenty-one, to demand of the French commandant " a reason 
for invading British dominions while a solid peace subsisted." Washington met 
the French commandant, Gardeur de St. Pierre, on the head w^aters of the 
Allecfhanv, and having communicated to him the object of his journey, received 
the insolent answer tliat the French would not discuss the matter of right, but 
would make prisoners of every Englishman found trading on the Ohio and its 
waters. The country, he said, belonged to the French, by virtue of the dis- 
coveries of La Salle, and they would not withdraw from it. 

In January, 1754, Washington returned to Virginia, and made his report to 
the Governor and Council. Forces were at once raised, and Washington, as 
Lieutenant Colonel, was dispatched at the head of a hundred and fifty men, to 
the forks of the Ohio, with orders to "finish the fort already begun there by the 
Ohio Company, and to make prisoners, kill or destroy all who interrupted the 
English settlements." 

On his march through the forests of Western Pennsylvania, Washington, 
through the aid of friendly Indians, discovered the French concealed among the 
rocks, and as they ran to seize their arms, ordered his men to fire upon them, at 
the same time, with his own musket, setting the example. An action lasting 
about a quarter of an hour ensued ; ten of the Frenchmen were killed, among 
them Jumonville, the commander of the party, and twenty-one were made pris- 
oners. The dead were scalped by the Indians, and the chief, bearing a toma- 
hawk and a scalp, visited all the tribes of the Miamis, urging them to join the 
Six Nations and the English against the French. The French, however, were 
soon re-enforced, and Col. Washington was compelled to return to Fort 
Necessity. Here, on the 3d day of July, De Villiers invested the fort with 
000 French troops and 100 Indians. On the 4th, Washington accepted 
terms of capitulation, and the English garrison withdrew from the valley of 
the Ohio. 

This attack of Washington upon Jumonville aroused the indignation of 
France, and war was formally declared in May, 1756, and the " French and 
Indian War" devastated the colonics for several years. Montreal, Detroit 
ami all Canada were surrendered to the English, and on the 10th of February, 
1 703, by the treaty of Paris — which had been signed, though not formally ratified 
by the respecti ve governments, on the 3d of November, 1 762— France relinquished 
to Great Britian all that portion of the province of Louisiana lying on the east 
side of the Mississippi, except the island and town of New Orleans. On the 
same day that the treaty of Paris was signed, France, by a secret treaty, ceded 
to Spain all her possessions on the west side of the Mississippi, including the 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 145 

whole country to the head waters of the Great River, and west to the Rocky 
Mountains, and the jurisdiction of France in America, which had lasted nearly 
a century, was ended. 

At the close of the Revolutionary war, by the treaty of peace between Great 
Britain and the United States, the English Government ceded to the latter 
all the territory on the east side of the Mississippi River and north of the thirty- 
first parallel of north latitude. At the same time. Great Britain ceded to 
Spain all the Floridas, comprising all the territory east of the Mississippi and 
south of the southern limits of the United States. 

At this time, therefore, the present State of Iowa was a part of the Spanish 
possessions in North America, as all the territory west of the Mississippi River 
was under the dominion of Spain. That government also possessed all the 
territory of the Floridas east of the great river and south of the thirty-first 
parallel of north latitude. The Mississippi, therefore, so essential to the pros- 
perity of the western portion of the United States, for the last three hundred 
miles of its course floAved wholly within the Spanish dominions, and that govern- 
ment claimed the exclusive right to use and control it below the southern boun- 
dary of the United States. 

The free navigation of the Mississippi was a very important question during 
all the time that Louisiana remained a dependency of the Spanish Crown, and 
as the final settlement intimately affected the status of the then future State 
of Iowa, it will be interesting to trace its progress. 

The people of the United States occupied and exercised jurisdiction over 
the entire eastern valley of the Mississippi, embracing all the country drained 
by its eastern tributaries ; they had a natural right, according to the accepted in- 
ternational law, to follow these rivers to the sea, and to the use of the Missis- 
sippi River accordingly, as the great natural channel of commerce. The river 
was not only necessary but absolutely indispensable to the prosperity and growth 
of the western settlements then rapidly rising into commercial and political 
importance. They were situated in the heart of the great valley, and with 
wonderfully expansive energies and accumulating resources, it was very evident 
that no power on earth could deprive them of the free use of the river below 
them, only while their numbers were insufiicient to enable them to maintain 
their right by force. Inevitably, therefore, immediately after the ratification of 
the treaty of 1783, the Western people began to demand the free navigation 
of the Mississippi — not as a favor, but as a right. In 1786, both banks of 
the river, below the mouth of the Ohio, w^ere occupied by Spain, and military 
posts on the east bank enforced her power to exact heavy duties on all im- 
ports by way of the river for the Ohio region. Every boat descending the 
river was forced to land and submit to the arbitrary revenue exactions of the 
Spanish authorities. Under the administration of Governor Miro, these rigor- 
ous exactions were someAvhat relaxed from 1787 to 1790 ; but Spain held it as 
her right to make them. Taking advantage of the claim of the American people, 
that the Mississippi should be opened to them, in 1791, the Spanish Govern- 
ment concocted a scheme for the dismembership of the Union. The plan was 
to induce the Weste-rn people to separate from the Eastern States by liberal land 
grants and extraordinary commercial privileges. 

Spanish emissaries, among the people of Ohio and Kentucky, informed them 
that the Spanish Government would grant them favorable commercial privileges, 
provided they would secede from the Federal Government east of the mountains. 
The Spanish Minister to the United States plainly declared to his confidential 
correspondent that, unless the Western people would declare their independence 



146 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and refuse to remain in the Union, Spain was determined never to grant the 
free navigation of the Mississippi. 

By the treaty of Madrid, October 20, 1795, however, Spain formally stip- 
ulated that the Mississippi River, from its source to the Gulf, for its entire width, 
should be free to American trade and commerce, and that the people of the 
United States should be permitted, for three years, to use the port of New 
Orleans as a port of deposit for their merchandise and produce, duty free. 

In November, 1801, the United States Government received, through Rufus 
King, its Minister at the Court of St. James, a copy of the treaty between Spain 
and France, signed at Madrid March 21, 1801, by which the cession of Loui- 
siana to France, made the previous Autumn, was confirmed. 

The change offered a favorable opportunity to secure the just rights of the 
United States, in relation to the free navigation of the Mississippi, and ended 
the attempt to dismember the Union by an effort to secure an independent 
government west of the Alleghany Mountains. On the 7th of January, 1803. 
the American House of Representatives adopted a resolution declaring their 
" unalterable determination to maintain the boundaries and the rights of navi- 
gation and commerce through the River Mississippi, as established by existing 
treaties." 

In the same month, President Jefferson nominated and the Senate confirmed 
Robert ,R. Livingston and James Monroe as Envoys Plenipotentiary to the 
Court of France, and Charles Pinckney and James Moni-oe to the Court of 
Spain, with plenary powers to negotiate treaties to effect the object enunciated 
by the popular branch of the National Legislature. These envoys were in- 
structed to secure, if possible, the cession of Florida and New Orleans, but it 
does not appear that Mr. Jefferson and his Cabinet had any idea of purchasing 
that part of Louisiana lying on the west side of the Mississippi. In fact, on 
the 2d of March following, the instructions Avere sent to our Ministers, contain- 
ing a plan which expressly left to France "all her territory on the west side of 
the Mississippi." Had these instructions been followed, it might have been that 
there would not have been any State of Iowa or any other member of the glori- 
ous Union of States west of the " Father of Waters." 

In obedience to his instructions, however, Mr. Livingston broached this 
plan to M. Talleyrand, Napoleon's Prime Minister, when that courtly diplo- 
matist quietly suggested to the American Minister that France might be willing 
to cede the ivhole French domain in North America to the United States, and 
asked how much the Federal Government would be willing to give for it. Liv- 
ingston intimated that twenty millions of francs might be a fair price. Talley- 
rand thought that not enough, but asked the Americans to "think of it." A 
few days later, Napoleon, in an interview with Mr. Livingston, in effect informed 
the American Envoy that he had secured Louisiana in a contract with Spain 
for the purpose of turning it over to the United States for a mere nominal sum. 
He had been compelled to provide for the safety of that province by the treaty, 
and he was " anxious to give the United States a magnificent bargain for a 
mere trifle." The price proposed was one hundred and twenty-five million 
francs. This was subsequently modified to fifteen million dollars, and on this 
basis a treaty was negotiated, and was signed on the 30th day of April, 1803. 

This treaty was ratified by the Federal Government, and by act of Congress, 
approved October 31, 1803, the President of the United States was authorized 
to take possession of the territory and provide for it a temporary government. 
Accordingly, on the 20th day of December following, on behalf of the Presi- 
dent^ Gov. Clairborne and Gen. Wilkinson took possession of the Louisiana 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 147 

purchase, and raised the American flag over the newly acquired domain, at New 
Orleans. Spain, although it had by treaty ceded the province to France in 
1801, still held quasi possession, and at first objected to the transfer, but with- 
drew her opposition eaidy in 1804. 

By this treaty, thus successfully consummated, and tlie peaceable withdrawal 
of Spain, the then infant nation of the New World extended its dominion west 
of the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean, and north from the Gulf of Mexico to 
British America. 

If the original design of Jefferson's administration had been accomplished, 
the United States would have acquired only that portion of the French territory 
lying east of the Mississippi River, and while the American people Avould thus 
have acquired the free navigation of that great river, all of the vast and fertile 
empire on the west, so rich in its agricultural and inexhaustible mineral 
resources, would have remained under the dominion of a foreign power. To 
Napoleon's desire to sell the whole of his North American possessions, and Liv- 
ingston's act transcending his instructions, which was acquiesced in after it was 
done, does Iowa owe her position as a part of the United States by the 
Louisiana purchase. 

By authority of an act of Congress, approved March 26, 1804, the newly 
acquired territory was, on the 1st day of October fallowing, divided : that part 
lying south of the 33d parallel of north latitude was called the Territory of 
Orleans, and all north of that parallel the District of Louisiana, which was placed 
under the authority of the officers of Indiana Territory, until July 4, 1805, when 
it was organized, with territorial government of its own, and so remained until 
1812, when the Territory of Orleans became the State of Louisiana, and the 
name of the Territory of Louisiana was changed to Missouri. On the 4tli of 
July, 1814, that part of Missouri Territory comprising the present State of 
Arkansas, and the country to the westward, Avas organized into the Arkansas 
Territory, 

On the 2d of March, 1821, the State of Missouri, being a part of the Terri- 
tory of that name, was admitted to the Union. June 28, 1834, the territory 
west of the Mississippi River and north of Missouri Avas made a part of the 
Territory of Michigan ; but two years later, on the 4th of July, 1836, Wiscon- 
sin Territory was erected, embracing within its limits the present States of 
Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota. 

By act of Congress, approved June 12, 1838, the 

TERRITORY OF lOAV A 

was erected, comprising, in addition to the present State, much the larger part 
of Minnesota, and extending north to the boundary of the British Possessions. 

THE ORIGINAL OWNERS. 

Having traced the early history of the great empire lying west of the Mis- 
sissippi, of which the State of Iowa constitutes a part, from the earliest dis- 
covery to the organization of the Territory of Iowa, it becomes necessary to 
give some history of 

THE INDIANS OF IOWA. 

According to the policy of the European nations, possession perfected title 
to any territory. We have seen that the country west of the Mississippi was first 
discovered by the Spaniards, but afterward, was visited and occupied by the 
French. It was ceded by France to Spain, and by Spain back to France again. 



148 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and then was purchased and occupied by the United States. During all that 
time, it does not appear to have entered into the heads or hearts of the high 
contracting parties tliat the country they bought, sold and gave away was in 
the possession of a race of men who, although savage, owned the vast domain 
before Columbus first crossed the Atlantic. Having purchased the territory, 
the United States found it still in the possession of its original owners, who had 
never been dispossessed ; and it became necessary to purchase again what had 
already been bought before, or forcibly eject the occupants ; therefore, the his- 
tory of the Indian nations who occupied Iowa prior to and during its early set- 
tlement by the whites, becomes an important chapter in the history of the State^ 
that cannot be omitted. 

For more than one hundred years after Marquette and Joliet trod the virgin 
soil of Iowa, not a single settlement had been made or attempted ; not even a 
trading post had been established. The whole country remained in the undis- 
puted possession of the native tribes, who roamed at will over her beautiful and. 
fertile prairies, hunted in her Avoods, fished in her streams, and often poured out 
their life-blood in obstinately contested contests for supremacy. That this State 
so aptly styled "The Beautiful Land," had been the theater of numerous, 
fierce and bloody struggles between rival nations, for possession of the favored 
region, long before its settlement by civilized man, there is no room for doubt. 
In these savage wars, the weaker party, whether aggressive or defensive, was 
either exterminated or driven from their ancient hunting grounds. 

In 1G78, Avhen Manjuette discovered Iowa, the Illini were a very poAverful 
people, occupying a large portion of the State ; but Avhen the country was again 
visited by the whites, not a remnant of that once powerful tribe remained on 
the west side of the Mississippi, and Iowa was principally in the possession of 
the Sacs and Foxes, a warlike tribe which, originally two distinct nations, 
residing in New York and on the waters of the St. Lawrence, had gradually 
fought their Avay westward, and united, probably, after the Foxes had been driven 
out of the Fox River country, in 1846, and crossed the Mississippi. The death 
of Pontiac, a famous Sac chieftain, was made the pretext for war against the 
Illini, and a fierce and bloody struggle ensued, which continued until the Illinois 
were nearly destroyed and their hunting grounds possessed by their victorious 
foes. The lowas also occupied a portion of the State for a time, in common 
Avith the Sacs, but tliey, too, Avere nearly destroyed by the Sacs and Foxes, and, 
in "The Beautiful Land," these natives met their equally AA'arlike foes, the 
Northern Sioux, Avith whom they maintained a constant Avarfare for the posses- 
sion of the country for many years. 

AVhen the L^nitod States came in possession of the great valley of the Mis- 
sissip|)i, by the Louisiana purcliase, the Sacs and Foxes and loAvas possesse<l 
the entire territory noAV comprising tlie State of loAva. The Sacs and Foxes, 
also, occupied the most of tlie State of Illinois. 

The Sacs had four principal viHages, Avhere most of them resided, viz. : 
Their largest and most important town — if an Indian village may be called 
such — and from which emanated most of the obstacles and difficulties encoun- 
tered by the Government in the extinguishment of Indian titles to land in tliis 
region, was on Rock River, near Rock Island ; another was on the east bank of 
the Mississippi, near the mouth of Henderson River; the third was at the 
head of the Des Moines Rapids, near the present site of Montrose, and the fourth 
Avas near the mouth of the Upper Iowa. 

The Foxes had three principal villages, viz. : One on the Avest side of the 
Mississippi, six miles above the rapids of Rock River ; another about twelve 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 149 

miles from the river, in the rear of the DubiKjue lead mines, and the third on. 
Turkey River. 

The lowas, at one time identified with the Sacs, of Rock River, had with- 
drawn from them and become a separate tribe. Their principal village Avas on 
the Des Moines River, in Van Buren County, on the site where lowaville now 
stands. Here the last great battle between the Sacs and Foxes and the lowas 
was fought, in which Black Hawk, then a young man, commanded one division 
of the attacking forces. The following account of the battle has been given : 

" Contrary to long established custom of Indian attack, this battle was commenced in the day 
time, the attending circumstances justifying this departure from the well settled usages of Indian 
warfare. The battle field was a level river bottom, about four miles in length, and two miles 
wide near the middle, narrowing to a point at either end. The main area of this bottom rises 
perhaps twenty feet above the river, leaving a narrow strip of low bottom along the shore, covered 
with trees that belted the prairie on the river side with a thick forest, and the immediate bank of 
the river was fringed with a dense growth of willows. Near the lower end of this prairie, near 
the river bank, was situated the Iowa village. About two miles above it and near the middle of 
the prairie is a mound, covered at the time with a tuft of small trees and underbrush growing on 
its summit. In the rear of this little elevation or mound lay a belt of wet prairie, covered, at that 
time, with a dense growth of rank, coarse grass. Bordering this wet prairie on the north, the 
country rises abruptly into elevated broken river bluffs, covered with a heavy forest for many 
miles in extent, and in places thickly clustered with undergrowth, affording a convenient shelter 
for the stealthy approach of the foe. 

" Through this forest the Sac and Fox war party made their way in the night and secreted 
themselves in the tall grass spoken of above, intending to remain in ambush during the day and 
make such observations as this near proximity to their intended victim might afford, to aid thera 
in their contemplated attack on the town during the following night. From this situation their 
spies could take a full survey of the village, and watch every movement of the inhabitants, by 
which means they were soon convinced that the lowas had no suspicion of their presence. 

"At the foot of the mound above mentioned, the lowas had their race course, where they diverted 
themselves with the excitement of horse racing, and schooled their young warriors in cavalry 
evolutions. In these exercises mock battles were fought, and the Indian tactics of attack and; 
defense carefully inculcated, by which meansa skill in horsemanship was acquired rarely excelled. 
Unfortunately for them this day was selected for their equestrian sports, and wholly uncon- 
scious of the proximity of their foes, the warriors repaired to the race ground, leaving most of 
their arms in the village and their old men and women and children unprotected. 

" Pash-a-po-po, who was chief in command of the Sacs and Foxes, perceived at once the 
advantage this state of things afforded for a complete surprise of his now doomed victims, and 
ordered Black Hawk to file off with his young warriors through the tall grass and gain the cover 
of the timber along the river bank, and with the utmost speed reach the village and commence 
the battle, while he remained with his division in the ambush to make a simultaneous assault on 
the unarmed men whose attention was engrossed with the excitement of the races. The plan 
was skillfully laid and most dexterously executed. Black Hawk with his forces reached the 
village undiscovered, and made a furious onslaught upon the defenseless inhabitants, by firing 
one general volley into their midst, and completing the slaughter with the tomahawk and scalp- 
ing knife, aided by the devouring flames with which they enveloped the village as soon as the 
fire brand could be spread from lodge to lodge. 

" On the instant of the report of fire arms at the village, the forces under Pash-a-po-po 
leaped from their couchant position in the grass and sprang tiger-like upon the astonished and 
unarmed lowas in the midst of their racing spurts. The first impulse of the latter naturally led 
them to make the utmost speed toward their arms in the village, and protect if possible their 
wives and children from the attack of their merciless assailants. The distance from the place of" 
attack on the prairie was two miles, and a great number fell in their flight by the bullets and 
tomahawks of their enemies, who pressed them closely with a running fire the whole way, and 
the survivors only reached their town in time to witness the horrors of its destruction. Their 
whole village was in flames, and the dearest objects of their lives lay in slaughtered heaps 
amidst the devouring element, and the agonizing groans of the dying, mingled with the exulting 
shouts of the victorious foe, filled their hearts with maddening despair. Their wives and children 
who had been spared the general massacre were prisoners, and together with their arms were in 
the hands of the victors : and all that could now be done wa-s to draw off their shattered and 
defenseless forces, and save as many lives as possible by a retreat across the Des Moines River, 
which they effected in the best possible manner, and took a position among the Soap Creek 
Hills." 

The Sacs and Foxes, prior to the settlement of their village on Rock River, . 
had a fierce conflict with the Winnebacroes, subdued them and took nossession. 



150 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of their lands. Their village on Rock River, at one time, contained upward of 
sixty lodges, and was among the largest Indian villages on the continent. In 
1825, the Secretary of War estimated the entire number of the Sacs and Foxes 
at 4,600 souls. Their village was situated in the immediate vicinity of the 
upper rapids of the Mississippi, where the beautiful and flourishing towns of 
Rock Island and Davenport are now situated. The beautiful scenery of the 
island, the extensive prairies, dotted over with groves ; the picturesque bluffs 
along the river banks, the rich and fertile soil, producing large crops of corn, 
squash and other vegetables, with little labor; the abundance of wild fruit, 
game, fish, and almost everything calculated to make it a delightful spot for an 
Indian village, which was found there, had made this place a favorite home of 
the Sacs, and secured for it the strong attachment and veneration of the whole 
nation. 

North of the hunting grounds of the Sacs and Foxes, were those of the 
Sioux, a fierce and warlike nation, who often disputed possession with their 
rivals in savage and bloody warfare. The possessions of these tribes were 
mostly located in Minnesota, but extended over a portion of Northern and 
Western Iowa to the Missouri River. Their descent from the north upon the 
hunting grounds of Iowa frequently brought them into collision with the Sacs 
and Foxes ; and after many a conflict and bloody struggle, a boundary line was 
established between them by the Government of the United States, in a treaty 
held at Prairie du Chien, in 1825. But this, instead of settling the difiiculties, 
caused them to quarrel all the more, in consequence of alleged trespasses Upon 
each other's side of the line. These contests were kept up and became so unre- 
lenting that, in 1830, Government bought of the respective tribes of the Sacs 
and Foxes, and the Sioux, a strip of land twenty miles in width, on both sides 
of the line, and thus throwing them forty miles apart by creating between them 
a "neutral ground," commanded them to cease their hostilities. Both the 
Sacs and Foxes and the Sioux, however, were allowed to fish and hunt on this 
ground unmolested, provided they did not interfere with each other on United 
States territory. The Sacs and Foxes and the Sioux were deadly enemies, and 
neither let an opportunity to punish the other pass unimproved. 

In April, 1852, a fight occurred between the Musquaka band of Sacs and 
Foxes and a band of Sioux, about six miles above Algona, in Kossuth County, 
on the west side of tlie Des Moines River. The Sacs and Foxes were under 
the leadership of Ko-ko-wah, a subordinate chief, and had gone up from their 
home in Tama County, by way of Clear Lake, to what was then the " neutral 
ground." At Clear Lake, Ko-ko-wah was informed that a party of Sioux were 
encamped on the west side of the East Fork of the Des Moines, and he deter- 
mined to attack them. With sixty of his warriors, he started and arrived at a 
point on the east side of the river, about a mile above the Sioux encampment, 
in the night, and concealed themselves in a grove, where they were able to dis- 
cover the position and strength of their hereditary foes. The next morning, 
after many of the Sioux braves had left their camp on hunting tours, the vin- 
dictive Sacs and Foxes crossed the river and suddenly attacked the camp. The 
conflict was desperate for a short time, but the advantage was with the assail- 
ants, and tlie Sioux were routed. Sixteen of them, including some of their 
women and children, were killed, and a boy 14 years old was captured. One 
of the Musquakas was shot in the breast by a squaw as they were rushing into 
tlie Sioux's camp. He started to run away, when the same brave squaw shot 
him through the body, at a distance of twenty rods, and he fell dead. Three 
other Sac braves were killed. But few of the Sioux escaped. The victorious 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 151 

party hurriedly buried their own dead, leaving the dead Sioux above ground, 
and made their way home, with their captive, with all possible expedition. 

pike's expedition. 

Very soon after the acquisition of Louisiana, the United States Government 
adopted measures for the exploration of the new territory, having in view the 
conciliation of the numerous tribes of Indians by whom it was possessed, and, 
also, the selection of proper sites for the establishment of military posts and 
trading stations. The Army of the West, Gen. James Wilkinson commanding, 
had its headquarters at St. Louis. From this post, Captains Lewis and Clark, 
with a sufficient force, were detailed to explore the unknown sources of the 
Missouri, and Lieut. Zebulon M. Pike to ascend to the head waters of the Mis- 
sissippi. Lieut. Pike, with one Sergeant, two Corporals and seventeen privates, 
left the military camp, near St, Louis, in a keel-boat, with four months' rations, 
on the 9th day of August, 1805. On the 20th of the same month, the expe- 
dition arrived within the present limits of Iowa, at the foot of the Des Moines 
Rapids, where Pike met William Ewing, who had just been appointed Indian 
Agent at this point, a French interpreter and four chiefs and fifteen Sac and 
Fox Avarriors. 

At the head of the Rapids, where Montrose is now situated, Pike held a 
council with the Indians, in which he addressed them substantially as follows : 
" Your great Father, the President of the United States, wished to be more 
intimately acquainted with the situation and wants of the different nations of 
red people in our newlv acquired territory of Louisiana, and has ordered the 
General to send a number of his warriors in different directions to take them by 
the hand and make such inquiries as might afford the satisfaction required." 
At the close of the council he presented the red men with some knives, whisky 
and tobacco, 

• Pursuing his way up the river, he arrived, on the 23d of August, at what is 
supposed, from his description, to be the site of the present city of Burlington, 
which he selected as the location of a military post. He describes the place as 
being " on a hill, about forty miles above the River de Moyne Rapids, on the 
west side of the river, in latitude about -41° 21' north. The channel of the 
river runs on that shore ; the hill in front is about sixty feet perpendicular ; 
nearly level on top ; four hundred yards in the rear is a small prairie fit for 
gardening, and immediately under the hill is a limestone spring, sufficient for 
the consumption of a whole regiment." In addition to this description, which 
corresponds to Burlington, the spot is laid down on his map at a bend in the 
river, a short distance below the mouth of the Henderson, which pours its waters 
into the Mississippi from Illinois. The fort was built at Fort Madison, but from 
the distance, latitude, description and map furnished by Pike, it could not have 
been the place selected by him, while all the circumstances corroborate the 
opinion that the place he selected was the spot where Burlington is now located, 
called by the early voyagers on the Mississippi, "Flint Hills." 

On the 24th, with one of liis men, he went on shore on a hunting expedition, 
and following a stream which they supposed to be a part of the Mississippi, they 
were led away from their course. Owing to the intense heat and tall grass, his 
two favorite dogs, which he had taken with him, became exhausted and he left 
them on the prairie, supposing that they would follow him as soon as they 
should get rested, and went on to overtake his boat. Reaching the river, he 
waited some time for his canine friends, but they did not come, and as he deemed 
it inexpedient to detain the boat longer, two of his men volunteered to go in pur- 



152 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

suit of them, and he continued on his way up the river, expecting- that the two 
men wouhl soon overtake him. They lost their way, however, and for six days 
w^ere without food, except a few morsels gathered from the stream, and might 
have perished, had they not accidentally met a trader from St. Louis, who in- 
duced two Indians to take them up the river, and they overtook the boat at 
Dubuque. • 

At Dubuque, Pike was cordially received by Julien Dubuque, a Frenchman, 
who held a mining claim under a grant from Spain. Dubuque had an old field 
piece and fired a salute in honor of the advent of the first Americans who had 
visited that part of the Territory. Dubuque, however, was not disposed to pub- 
lish the wealth of his mines, and the young and evidently inquisitive officer 
-obtained but little information from him. 

After leaving this place, Pike pursued his way up the river, but as he passed 
beyond the limits of the present State of Iowa, a detailed history of his explo- 
rations on the upper waters of the Mississippi more properly belongs to the his- 
tory of another State. 

It is sufficient to say that on the site of Fort Snelling, Minnesota, at the 
mouth of the Minnesota River, Pike held a council with the Sioux, September 
23, and obtained from them a grant of one hundred thousand acres of land. 
On the 8th of January, 180G, Pike arrived at a trading post belonging to the 
Northwest Company, on Lake De Sable, in latitude 47°. At this time the 
then powerful Northwest Company carried on their immense operations from 
Hudson's Bay to the St. Lawrence ; up that river on both sides, along the great 
lakes to the head of Lake Superior, thence to the sources of the Red River of 
the north and west, to the Rocky Mountains, embracing within the scope of 
their operations the entire Territory of Iowa. After successfully accomplishing 
his mission, and performing a valuable service to Iowa and the whole Northwest, 
Pike returned to St. Louis, arriving there on the oOth of April, 1806. 

INDIAN WARS. 

The Territory of Iowa, although it had been purchased by the United States, 
and was ostensibly in the possession of the Government, was still occupied by 
the Indians, Avho claimed title to the soil by right of ownership and possession. 
Before it couhl be open to settlement by the whites, it was indispensable that 
the Indian title should be extinguished and the original owners removed. The 
accomplishment of this purpose required the expenditure of large sums of 
money and blood, and for a long series of years the frontier was disturbed by 
Indian wars, terminated repeatedly by treaty, only to be renewed by some act 
of oppression on the part of the whites or some violation of treaty stipulation. 

As previously shown, at the time when the United States assumed the con- 
trol of the country by virtue of the Louisiana purchase, nearly the whole State 
was in possession of the Sacs and Foxes, a powerful and warlike nation, who 
wrere not disposed to submit without a struggle to what they considered the 
encroachments of the pale faces. 

Among the most noted chiefs, and one whose restlessness and hatred of the 
Americans occasioned more trouble to the Government than any other of his 
tribe, was Black Hawk, who was born at the Sac village, on Rock River, in 
1767. He was simply the chief of his own band of Sac warriors, but by his 
energy and ambiti(m he became the leading spirit of the united nation of Sacs 
and Foxes, and one of the prominent figures in the history of the country from 
1804 until his death. In early manhood he attained some distinction as a 
lighting chief, having led campaigns against the Osages, and other neighboring 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 153 

tribes. About the beginning of the present century he began to appear prom- 
inent in affairs on the Mississippi. Some historians have added to the statement 
that " it does not appear that he was ever a great general, or possessed any of 
the qualifications of a successful leader." If this was so, his life Avas a marvel. 
How any man who had none of the qualifications of a leader became so prom- 
inent as such, as he did, indicates either that he had some ability, or that his 
cotemporaries, both Indian and Anglo-Saxon, had less than he. He is said 
to have been the " victim of a narrow prejudice and bitter ill-will against the 
Americans," but the impartial historian must admit that if he was the enemy 
of theAmericans, it was certainly not without some reason. 

It will be remembered that Spain did not give up possession of the country 
to France on its cession to the latter power, in 1801, but retained possession of 
it, and, by the authority of France, transferred it to the United States, in 1804. 
Black Hawk and his band were in St. Louis at the time, and were invited to be 
present and witness the ceremonies of the transfer, but he refused the invitation, 
and it is but just to say that this refusal Avas caused probably more from 
regret that the Indians were to be transferred from the jurisdiction of the 
Spanish authorities than from any special hatred toward the Americans. In 
his life he says : " I found many sad and gloomy faces because the United 
States were about to take possession of the town and country. Soon after the 
Americans came, I took my band and went to take leave of our Spanish father. 
The Americans came to see him also. Seeing them approach, we passed out 
of one door as they entered another, and immediately started in our canoes for 
our village, on Rock River, not liking the change any more than our friends 
appeared to at St. Louis. On arriving at our village, we gave the news that 
strange people had arrived at St. Louis, and that we should never see our 
Spanish father again. The information made all our people sorry." 

On the 3d day of November, 1804, a treaty was concluded between William 
Henry Harrison, then Governor of Indiana Territory, on behalf of the United 
States, and five chiefs of the Sac and Fox nation, by which the latter, in con- 
sideration of two thousand two hundred and thirty-four dollars' worth of goods 
then delivered, and a yearly annuity of one thousand dollars to be paid in 
goods at just cost, ceded to the United States all that land on the east side of 
the Mississppi, extending from a point opposite the Jefferson, in Missouri, to 
the Wisconsin River, embracing an area of over fifty-one millions of acres. 

To this treaty Black Hawk always objected and always refused to consider 
it binding upon his people. He asserted that the chiefs or braves who made it 
liad no authority to relinquish the title of the nation to any of the lands they 
held or occupied ; and, moreover, that they had been sent to St. Louis on quite 
a different errand, namely, to get one of their people released, who had been 
imprisoned at St. Louis for killing a white man. 

The year following this treaty (1805), Lieutenant Zebulon M. Pike came up 
the river for the purpose of holding friendly councils with the Indians and select- 
ing sites for forts within the territory recently acquired from France by the 
United States. Lieutenant Pike seems to have been the first American whom 
Black Hawk ever met or had a personal interview with ; and he was very much 
prepossessed in Pike's favor. He gives the following account of his visit to 
Rock Island : 

" A boat came up the river with a young American chief and a small party 
of soldiers. We heard of them soon after they passed Salt Riv^. Some of our 
young braves watched them every day, to see what sort of people he had on 
board. The boat at length ai-rived at Rock River, and the young chief came on 



154 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF lOWA. 

shore with his interpreter, and made a speech and gave us some presents. We 
in turn presented them with meat and such other provisions as we had to spare. 
We were Avell pleased with the young chief. He gave us good advice, and said 
our American fatlier wouhl treat us welL" 

The events which soon followed Pike's expedition were the erection of Fort 
Edwards, at what is now Warsaw, Illinois, and Fort Madison, on the site of the 
present town of that name, the latter being the first fort erected in Iowa. These 
movements occasioned great uneasiness among the Indians. When work was 
commenced on Fort Edwards, a delegation from their nation, headed by some of 
their chiefs, went down to see what the Americans were doing, and had an in- 
terview with the commander; after which they returned home apparently satis- 
fied. In like manner, when Fort Madison Avas being erected, they sent down 
another delegation from a council of the nation held at Rock River, Accord- 
ing to Black Hawk's account, the American chief told them that he was build- 
ing a house for a trader Avho was coming to sell them goods cheap, and that the 
soldiers were coming to keep him company' — a statement which Black Hawk 
says they distrusted at the time, believing that the fort was an encroachment 
upon tlieir rights, and designed to aid in getting their lands away from them. 

It lias been held by good American authorities, that the erection of Fort 
Madison at the point where it was located was a violation of the treaty of 1804. 
By the eleventh article of that treaty, the United States had a right to build a 
fort near the mouth of the Wisconsin River ; by article six they had bound 
themselves '.'that if any citizen of the United States or any other white persons 
should form a settlement upon their lands, such intruders should forthwith be 
removed." Probal)ly the authorities of the United States did not regard the 
establishment of military posts as coming properly within the meaning of the 
term "settlement," as used in the treaty. At all events, they erected Fort 
Madison within the territory reserved to the Indians, who became very indig- 
nant. Not long after the fort w^as built, a party led by Black Hawk attempted 
its destruction. They sent spies to watch the movements of the garrison, who 
ascertained that the soldiers were in the habit of marching out of the fort every 
morning and evening for parade, and the plan of the party was to conceal them- 
selves near the fort, and attack and surprise them when they were outside. On 
the morning of the proposed day of attack, five soldiers came out and Avere fired 
upon by the Indians, two of them being killed. The Indians were too hasty in 
their movement, for the regular drill had not yet commenced. However, they 
kept up the attack for several days, attempting the old Fox strategy of setting 
fire to the fort with blazing arrows ; but finding their efforts unavailing, ihey 
soon gave up and returned to Rock River. 

When war was declared between the United States and Great Britain, in 
1812, Black Hawk and his band allied themselves with the British, partly 
because he was dazzled by their specious promises, and more probably because 
they had been deceived by the Americans. Black Hawk himself declared that 
they were ''forced into the war by being deceived." He narrates the circum- 
stances as follows : " Several of the chiefs and head men of the Sacs and 
Foxes were called upon to go to Washington to see their Great Father. On 
their return, they related what had been said and done. They said the Great 
Father wished them, in the event of a war taking place with England, not to 
interfere on either side, but to remain neutral. He did not want our help, but 
wished us to hunt and support our families, and live in peace. He said that 
Britisli traders would not be permitted to come on the Mississippi to furnish us 
with goods, but that we should be supplied with an American trader. Our 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 155 

chiefs then told him that the British traders always gave them credit in the 
Fall for guns, powder and goods, to enable us to hunt and clothe our families. 
He repeated that the traders at Fort Madison would have plenty of goods ; 
that we should go there in the Fall and he would supply us on credit, as the 
British traders had done." 

Black Hawk seems to have accepted of this proposition, and he and his 
people were very much pleased. Acting in good faith, they fitted out for their 
Winter's hunt, and went to Fort Madison in high spirits to receive from the 
trader their outfit of supplies. But, after waiting some time, they were told by 
the trader that he would not trust them. It was in vain that they pleaded the 
promise of their great father at Washington. The trader was inexorable ; and, 
disappointed and crestfallen, they turned sadly toward their own village. *'Few 
of us,"' says Black Hawk, "slept that night; all was gloom and discontent. In 
the morning, a canoe was seen ascending the river ; it soon arrived, bearing an 
express, who brought intelligence that a British trader had landed at Rock 
Island with tAvo boats loaded with goods, and requested us to come up imme- 
diately, because he had good news for us, and a variety of presents. The 
express presented us with tobacco, pipes and wampum. The news ran through 
our camp like fire on a prairie. Our lodges were soon taken down, and all 
started for Rock Island. Here ended all hopes of our remaining at peace, 
having been forced into the war by being deceived." 

He joined the British, who flattered him, styled him " Gen. Black Hawk," 
decked him with medals, excited his jealousies against, the Americans, and 
armed his band ; but he met with defeat and disappointment, and soon aban- 
doned the service and came home. 

With all his skill and courage, Black Hawk was unable to lead all the Sacs 
and Foxes into hostilities to the United States. A portion of them, at the head 
of whom was Keokuk ("the Watchful Fox"), were disposed to abide by the 
treaty of 1804, and to cultivate friendly relations with the American people. 
Therefore, when Black Hawk and his band joined the fortunes of Great 
Britain, the rest of the nation remained neutral, and, for protection, organized, 
with Keokuk for their chief. This divided the nation into the " War and the 
Peace party." 

Black Hawk says he was informed, after he had gone to the war, that the 
nation, which had been reduced to so small a body of fighting men, were unable 
to defend themselves in case the Americans should attack them, and having all 
the old men and women and children belonging to the warriors who had joined 
the British on their hands to provide for, a council was held, and it was agreed 
that Quash-qua-me (the Lance) and other chiefs, together with the old men, 
women and children, and such others as chose to accompany them, should go to 
St. Louis and place themselves under the American chief stationed there. 
They accordingly went down, and were received as the "friendly band" of the 
Sacs and Foxes, and were provided for and sent up the Missouri River. On 
Black Hawk's return from the British army, he says Keokuk was introduced 
to him as the war chief of the braves then in the village. He inquired how he 
had become chief, and was informed that their spies had seen a large armed 
force going toward Peoria, and fears were entertained of an attack upon the 
village ; whereupon a council was held, which concluded to leave the village 
and cross over to the west side of the Mississippi. Keokuk had been standing 
at the door of the lodge where the council was held, not being allowed to enter 
on account of never having killed an enemy, where he remained until Wa-co-me 
came out. Keokuk asked permission to speak in the council, which Wa-co-me 



156 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

obtained for him. Keokuk then addressed the chiefs ; he remonstrated against 
the desertion of their village, their own homes and the graves of their fathers, 
and oftered to defend the village. The council consented that he should be 
their war chief. lie marshaled his braves, sent out spies, and advanced on the 
trail leading to Peoria, but returned without seeing the enemy. The Americans 
did not disturb the village, and all were satisfied with the appointment of 
Keokuk. 

Keokuk, like Black Hawk, was a descendant of the Sac branch of the 
nation, and was born on Rock River, in 1780. He was of a pacific disposition, 
but possessed the elements of true courage, and could fight, when occasion 
required, with a cool judgment and heroic energy. In his first battle, he en- 
countered and killed a Sioux, which placed him in the rank of warriors, and he 
was honored with a public feast by his tribe in commemoration of the event. 

Keokuk has been described as an orator, entitled to rank with the most 
gifted of his race. In person, he was tall and of portly bearing ; in his public 
speeches, he displayed a commanding attitude and graceful gestures ; he spoke 
rapidly, but his enunciation was clear, distinct and forcible ; he culled his fig- 
ures from the stores of nature and based his arguments on skillful logic. Un- 
fortunately for the reputation of Keokuk, as an orator among white people, he 
was never able to obtain an interpreter who could claim even a slight acquaint- 
ance with philosophy. With one exception only, his interpreters were unac- 
quainted with the elements of their mother-tongue. Of this serious hindrance 
to his fame, Keokuk was well aware, and retained Frank Labershure, who had 
received a rudimental education in the French and English languages, until the 
latter broke down by dissipation and died. But during the meridian of his 
career among the white people, he was compelled to submit his speeches for 
translation to uneducated men, whose range of thought fell below the flights of 
a gifted mind, and the fine imagery drawn from nature was beyond their power 
of reproduction. He had suflicient knowledge of the English language to make 
him sensible of this bad rendering of his thoughts, and often a feeling of morti- 
fication at the bungling efforts was depicted on his countenance while speaking. 
The proper place to form a correct estimate of his ability as an orator was in 
the Indian council, where he addressed himself exclusively to those who under- 
stood his language, and witness the electrical effect of his eloquence upon his 
audience. 

Keokuk seems to have possessed a more sober judgment, and to have had a 
more intelligent view of the great strength and resources of the United States, 
than his noted and restless cotemporary. Black Hawk. He knew from the first 
that the reckless war which Black Hawk and his band had determined to carry on 
could result in nothing but defeat and disaster, and used every argument against 
it. The largo nunil)er of warriors whom he had dissuaded from following Black 
Hawk became, however, greatly excited with the war spirit after Stillman's 
defeat, and but for the signal tact displayed by Keokuk on that occasion, would 
have forced him to submit to their wishes in joining the rest of the warriors in 
the field. A war-dance was hold, and Keokuk took part in it, seeming to be 
moved with the current of the rising storm. When the dance was over, he 
called the council to prepare for war. He made a speech, in which he admitted 
the justice of their comphiints against the Americans. To seek redress was a 
noble aspiration of their nature. The blood of their brethren had been shed by 
the white man, and the spirits of their braves, slain in battle, called loudly for 
vengeance. "I am your chief," he said, '' and it is my duty to lead you to bat- 
tle, if, after fully considering the matter, you aredetermineil to ^n. But before 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 157 

you <lecide on taking this important step, it is -wise to inquire into the chances of 
success." He then portrayed to them the great power of the United States, 
against Avhom they Avould have to contend, that their chance of success was 
uttei-ly hopeless. *•' But," said he, " if you do determine to go upon the war- 
path, I will agree to lead you, on one condition, viz.: that before we go, we will 
kill all our old men and our vf'wes and children, to save them from a lingering 
death of starvation, and that every one of us determine to leave our homes on 
the other side of the Mississippi. ' 

This was a strong but truthful picture of the prospect before them, and was 
presented in such a forcible light as to cool their ardor, and cause them to aban- 
don the rash undertaking. 

But during the war of 1832, it is now considered certain that small bands of 
Indians, from the west side of the Mississippi, made incursions into the white 
settlements, in the lead mining region, and committed some murders and dep- 
redations. 

When peace was declared between the United States and England, Black 
Hawk was required to make peace with the former, and entered into a treaty 
at Portage des Sioux, September 14, 1815, but did not "touch the goose-quill 
to it until May 13, 1816, when he smoked the pipe of peace with the great 
Avhite chief," at St. Louis. This treaty was a renewal of the treaty of 1804, 
but Black Hawk declared he had been deceived ; that he did not know that by 
signing the treaty he was giving away his village. This weighed upon his mind, 
already soured by previous disappointment and the irresistible encroachments of 
the whites ; and when, a few years later, he and his people were driven from 
their possessions by the military, he determined to return to the home of his 
fathers. 

It is also to be remarked that, in 1816, by treaty with various tribes, the 
United States relinquished to the Indians all the lands lying north of a line 
drawn from the southernmost point of Lake Michigan west to the Mississippi. 
except a reservation five leagues square, on the Mississippi River, supposed then 
to be sufficient to include all the mineral lands on and ad.jacent to Fever River, 
and one league square at the mouth of the Wisconsin River. 

THE BLACK HAWK WAR. 

The immediate cause of the Indian outbreak in 1830 was the occupation of 
Black Hawk's village, on the Rock River, by the whites, during the absence of 
tbe chief and his braves on a hunting expedition, on the west side of the 
Mississippi. When they returned, they found their wigwams occupied by white 
families, and their own women and children were shelterless on the banks of 
the river. The Indians wore indignant, and determined to repossess their village 
at all hazards, and early in the Spring of 1831 recrossed the Mississippi and 
menacingly took possession of their own cornfields and cabins. It may be well 
to remark here that it was expressly stipulated in the treaty of 1804, to which 
they attributed all their troubles, that the Indians should not be obliged to 
leave their lands until they were sold by the United States, and it does not 
appear that they occupied any lands other than those owned by the Government. 
If this was true, the Indians had good cause for indignation and complaint. 
But the whites, driven out in turn by the returning Indians, became so clamorous 
against what they termed the encroachments of the natives, that Gov. Reynolds, of 
Illinois, ordered Gen Gaines to Rock Island with a military force to drive the 
Indians again from their homes to the west side of the Mississippi. Black Hawk 
says he did not intend to be provoked into war by anything less than the blood of 



158 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

some of his own people ; in other words, that there Avould be no war unless it should 
be commenced by the pale faces. But it was said and probably thought by the mili- 
tary commanders along the frontier that the Indians intended to unite in a general 
war against the whites, from Rock River to the Mexican borders. But it does not 
appear that the hardy frontiersmen themselves had any fears, for their experi- 
ence had been that, when well treated, their Indian neighbors were not danger- 
ous. Black Hawk and his band liad done no more than to attempt to repossess the 
the old homes of which they had been deprived in their absence. No blood 
had been shed. Black Hawk and his chiefs sent a flag of truce, and a new 
treaty was made, by which Black Hawk and his band agreed to remain forever 
on the Iowa side and never recross the river without the permission of the 
President or the Governor of Illinois. Whether the Indians clearly understood 
tlie terms of this treaty is uncertain. As was usual, the Indian traders had 
dictated terms on their behalf, and they had received a large amount of pro- 
visions, etc., from the Government, but it may well be doubted whether the 
Indians compreliended that they could never revisit the graves of their fathers 
without violating their treaty. They undoubtedly thought that they had agreed 
never to recross the ^Mississippi with hostile intent. However this may be, on 
the Gth day of April, 1832, Black Hawk and his entire band, with their Avomen 
and children, again recrossed the Mississippi in plain view of the garrison of 
Fort Armstrong, and went up Rock River. Although this act Avas construed 
into an act of hostility by the military authorities, who declared that Black 
Hawk intended to recover his village, or the site Avhere it stood, by force ; but 
it does not appear that he made any such attempt, nor did his apearance 
create any special alarm among the settlers. They knew that the Indians never 
Avent on the Avar path encumbered Avitli the old men, their Avomen and their 
children. 

The Gralenian, printed in Galena, of May 2, 1832, says that Black Hawk 
was invited by the Prophet and had taken possession of a tract about forty 
miles up Rock River; but that he did not remain there long, but commenced 
his march uj) Rock River. Capt. W. B. Green, who served in Capt. Stephen- 
son"s company of mounted rangers, says that " Black HaAvk and h^s band 
crossed the river Avith no hostile intent, but that his band had had bad luck in 
hunting during the previous Winter, were actually in a starving condition, and 
had come over to spend the Summer with a friendly tribe on the head waters of 
the Rock and Illinois Rivers, by invitation from their chief. Other old set- 
tlers, who all agree that Black HaAvk had no idea of fighting, say that he came 
back to the Avest side expecting to negotiate another treaty, and get a new 
supply of provisions. The most reasonable explanation of this movement, which 
resulted so disastrously to Black Hawk and his starving people, is that, during 
the Fall and Winter of 1831-2, his people became deeply indebted to their 
favorite trader at Fort Armstrong (Rock Island). They had not been fortunate 
in hunting, and he Avas likely to lose heavily, as an Indian debt was outhiAved 
in one year. If, therefore, the Indians could be induced to come over, and the 
fears of the military could be sufficiently aroused to pursue them, another treaty 
could be negotiated, and from the payments from the Government the shrewd 
trader could get his pay. Just a Aveek after Black HaAvk crossed the river, on 
the 13th of April, 1832, George Davenport Avrote to Gen. Atkinson : " I am 
informed that the British band of Sac Indians are determined to make Avar on 
the frontier settlements. * * * From every information that I have 
received. I am of the opinion that the intention of the British band of Sac 
Indians is to commit depredations on the inhabitants of the frontier." And 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 159 

yet, from the 6th day of April until after Stillman's men commenced war by 
firing on a flag of truce from Black Hawk, no murders nor depredations were 
committed by the British band of Sac Indians. 

It is not the purpose of this sketch to detail the incidents of the Black 
Hawk war of 1832, as it pertains rather to the history of the State of Illinois. 
It is sufficient to say that, after the disgraceful affair at Stillman's Run, Black 
Hawk, concluding that the whites, refusing to treat with him, were determined 
to exterminate his people, determined to return to the Iowa side of the Missis- 
sippi. He could not return by the way he came, for the army was behind him, 
an army, too, that would sternly refuse to recognize the white flag of peace. 
His only course was to make his way northward and reach the Mississippi, if 
possible, before the troops could overtake him, and this he did ; but, before he 
could get his women and children across the Wisconsin, he was overtaken, and a 
battle ensued. Here, again, he sued for peace, and, through his trusty Lieu- 
tenant, "the Prophet," the whites were plainly informed that the starving 
Indians did not wish to fight, but would return to the west side of the Missis- 
sippi, peaceably, if they could be permitted to do so. No attention was paid to 
this second effort to negotiate peace, and, as soon as supplies could be obtained, 
the pursuit was resumed, the flying Indians were overtaken again eight miles 
before they reached the mouth of the Bad Axe, and the slaughter (it should not 
be dignified by the name of battle) commenced. Here, overcome by starvation 
and the victorious whites, his band was scattered, on the 2d day of August, 
1832. Black Hawk escaped, but was brought into camp at Prairie du Chien 
by three Winnebagoes. He was confined in Jefferson Barracks until the 
Spring of 1833, when he was sent to Washington, arriving there April 22. On 
the 2(3th of April, they were taken to Fortress Monroe, where they remained 
till the 4th of June, 1833, when orders were given for them to be liberated and 
returned to their own country. By order of the President, he was brought 
back to Iowa through the principal Eastern cities. Crowds flocked to see him 
all along his route, and he was very much flattered by the attentions he 
received. He lived among his people on the Iowa River till that reservation 
was sold, in 1836, when, with the rest of the Sacs and Foxes, he removed to 
the Bes Moines Reservation, where he remained till his death, which occurred 
on the 3d of October, 1838. 



INDIAN PURCHASES, RESERVES AND TREATIES. 

At the close of the Black Hawk War, in 1832, a treaty was made at a 
council held on the west bank of the Mississippi, where now stands the thriving 
city of Davenport, on grounds now occupied by the Chicago, Rock Island & 
Pacific Railroad Company, on the 21st day of September, 1832. At this 
council, the United States were represented by Gen. Wmfield Scott and Gov. 
Reynolds, of Illinois. Keokuk, Pash-a-pa-ho and some thirty other chiefs and 
warriors of the Sac and Fox nation were present. By this treaty, the Sacs and 
Foxes ceded to the United States a strip of land on the eastern border of Iowa 
fifty miles wide, from the northern boundary of Missouri to the mouth of the 
Upper Iowa River, containing about six million acres. The western line of t^e 
purchase was parallel with the Mississippi. In consideration of this cession, 
the United States Government stipulated to pay annually to the confederated 
tribes, for thirty consecutive years, twenty thousand dollars in specie, and to 
pay the debts of the Indians at Rock Island, which had been accumulating for 



160 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

seventeen years and amounted to fifty thousand dollars, due to Davenport & 
Farnham, 'Indian traders. The Government also generously donated to the 
Sac and Fox women and children whose husbands and fathers had fallen in the 
Black Hawk war, thirty-five beef cattle, twelve bushels of salt, thirty barrels of 
pork, fifty barrels of ilour and six thousand bushels of corn. 

This territory is known as the " Black Hawk Purchase." Although it was 
not the first portion of Iowa ceded to the United States by the Sacs and Foxes, 
it was the first opened to actual settlement by the tide of emigration that flowed 
across the Mississippi as soon as the Indian title was extinguished. The treaty 
Avas ratified February 13, 1833, and took effect on the 1st of June following, 
when the Indians (juietly removed from the ceded territory, and this fertile and 
beautiful region was opened to white settlers. 

By the terms of the treaty, out of the Black Hawk Purchase was reserved for 
the Sacs and Foxes 400 square miles of land situated on the Iowa River, and in- 
Icuding within its limits Keokuk's village, on the right bank of that river. This 
tract Avas knowni as " Keokuk's Reserve, ' and was occupied by the Indians until 
1836, when, by a treaty made in September betAveen them and Gov. Dodge, of 
Wisconsin Territory, it was ceded to the United States. The council was held 
on the banks of the Mississippi, above Davenport, and was the largest assem- 
blage of the kind ever held by the Sacs and Foxes to treat for the sale of lands. 
About one thousand of their chiefs and braves were present, and Keokuk Avas 
their leading spirit and principal speaker on the occasion. By the terms of the 
treaty, the Sacs and Foxes were removed to another reservation on the Des 
Moines River, Avhere an agency Avas established for them at what is noAv the 
town of Agency City. 

Besides the Keokuk Reserve, the Government gave out of the Black Hawk 
Purchase to Antoine Le Claire, interpreter, in fee simple, one section of land 
opposite Rock Island, and another at the head of the first rapids aboAe the 
island, on the loAva side. This Avas the first land title granted by the United 
States to an individual in Iowa. 

Soon after the removal of the Sacs and Foxes to their new reservation 
on the Des Moines River, Gen. Joseph M. Street Avas transferred from the 
agency of the Winnebagoes, at Prairie du Chien, to establish an agency 
among them. A farm Avas selected, on Avhich the necessary buildings Avere 
erected, including a comfortable farm house for the agent and his family, at 
the expense of the Indian Fund. A salaried agent Avas employed to superin- 
tend tlie farm and dispose of the crops. Tavo mills were erected, one on Soap 
Creek and the other on Sugar Creek. The latter w\as soon swept aAvay by a 
flood, but the former remained and did good service for many years. Connected 
witli the agency Avere Joseph Smart and John Goodcll, interpreters. The 
latter was interpreter for Hard Fisli's band. Three of the Indian chiefs, Keo- 
kuk, Wapello and Appanoose, had each a large field improved, the tAVO former 
on the right bank of the Des Moines, back from the river, in what is now 
"Keokuk's Prairie," and the latter on the present site of the city of Ottumwa. 
Among the traders connected Avith the agency were the Messrs. Ewing, from 
Ohio, and Phelps & Co., from Illinois, and also Mr. J. P. Eddy, Avho estab- 
lished liis post at Avhat is now the site of Eddyville. 

•Tlie Indians at this agency became idle and listless in the absence of their 
natural and Avonted excitements, and many of them plunged into dissipation. 
Keokuk himself became dissipated in the latter years of his life, and it has 
been reported that he died of delirium tremens after his removal Avith his 
tribe to Kansas. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 161 

In May, 1843, most of tlie Indians were removed up the Des Moines River, 
above the temporary line of Red Rock, having ceded the remnant of their 
lands in Iowa to the United States on the 21st of September, 1837, and on the 
11th of October, 1842. By the terms of the latter treaty, they held possession 
of the " New Purchase " till the Autumn of 1845, when the most of them 
were removed to their reservation in Kansas, the balance being removed in the 
Spring of 1846. 

1. Treaty with the Sioux — Made July 19, 1815 ; ratified December 16, 1815. This treaty 
was made at Portage des Sioux, between the Sioux of Minnesota and Upper Iowa and the United 
States, by William Clark and Ninian Edwards, Commissioners, and was merely a treaty of peace 
and friendship on the part of those Indians toward the United States at the close of the war of 
1812. 

2. Treaty with the Sacs. — A similar treaty of peace was made at Portage des Sioux, between 
the United States and the Sacs, by William Clark, Ninian Edwards and Auguste Choteau, on the 
l.'lth of September, 1815, and ratified at the same date as the above. In this, the treaty of 180-i 
was re-affirmed, and the Sacs here represented promised for themselves and their bands to keep 
entirely separate from the Sacs of Rock River, who, under Black Hawk, had joined the British 
in the war just then closed. 

3. Treaty with the Foxes. — A separate treaty of peace was made with the Foxes at Portage 
des Sioux, by the same Commissioners, on the 14th of September, 1815, and ratified the same as 
the above, wherein the Foxes re-affirmed the treaty of St. Louis, of November 3, 180-4, and 
agreed to deliver up all their prisoners to the officer in cotamand at Fort Clark, now Peoria^ 
Illinois. 

4. Treaty with the loivas. — A treaty of peace and mutual good will was made between the 
United States and the Iowa tribe of Indians, at Portage des Sioux, by the same Commissioners 
as above, on the 16th of September, 1815, at the close of the war with Great Britain, and ratified 
at the same date as the others. 

5. Treaty with the Sacs of Rock River — Made at St. Louis on the 13th of May, 1816, between 
the United States and the Sacs of Rock River, by the Commissioners, William Clark, Ninian 
Edwards and Auguste Choteau, and ratified December 30, 1816. In this ti-eaty, that of 1804 
was re-established and confirmed by twenty-two chiefs and head men of the Sacs of Rock River, 
and Black Hawk himself attached to it his signature, or, as he said, " touched the goose quill." 

6. Treaty of 1824 — On the 4th of August, 1824, a treaty was made between the United 
States and the Sacs and Foxes, in the city of Washington, by William Clark, Commissioner, 
wherein the Sac and Fox nation relinquished their title to all lands in Missouri and that portion 
of the southeast corner of Iowa known as the " Half-Breed Tract" was set off and reserved for 
the use of the half-breeds of the Sacs and Foxes, they holding title in the same manner as In- 
dians. Ratified January 18, 1825. 

7. Treaty of August 19, 1S25. — At this date a treaty was made by William Clark and Lewis 
Cass, at Prairie du Chien, between the United States and the Chippewas, Sacs and Foxes, Me- 
nomonees, Winnebagoes and a portion of the Ottawas and Pottawatomies. In this treaty, in 
order to make peace between the contending tribes as to the limits of their respective hunting 
grounds in Iowa, it was agreed that the United States Government should run a boundary line 
between the Sioux, on the north, and the Sacs and Foxes, on the south, as follows : 

Commencing at the mouth of the Upper Iowa River, on the west bank of the Mississippi, 
and ascending said Iowa River to its west fork ; thence up the fork to its source ; thence cross- 
ing the fork of Red Cedar River in a direct line to the second or upper foi'k of the Des Moines 
River ; thence in a direct line to the lo^er fork of the Calumet River, and down that river to its 
junction with the Missouri River. 

8. Treaty of 1S30. — On the 15th of July, 1830, the confederate tribes of the Sacs and Foxes 
ceded to the United States a strip of country lying south of the above line, twenty miles in width, 
and extending along the line aforesaid from the Mississippi to the Des Moines River. The Sioux 
also, whose possessions were north of the line, ceded to the Government, in the same treaty, a 
like strip on the north side of the boundary. Thus the United States, at the ratification of this- 
treaty, February 24, 1831, came into possession of a portion of Iowa forty miles wide, extend- 
ing along the Clark and Cass line of 1825, from the Mississippi to the Des Moines River. This 
territory was known as the " Neutral Ground," and the tribes on either side of the line were 
allowed to fish and hunt on it unmolested till it was made a Winnebago reservation, and the 
Winnebagoes were removed to it in 1841. 

9. Treaty loiih the Sacs and Fo.tes and other Tribes. — At the same time of the above treaty re- 
specting the " Neutral Ground" (July 15, 1830), the Sacs and Foxes, Western Sioux, Omahas, 
lowas and Missouris ceded to the United States a portion of the western slope of Iowa, the boun- 
daries of which were defined as follows : Beginning at the upper fork of the Des Moines River, 
and passing the sources of the Little Sioux and Floyd Rivers, to the fork of the first creek that 
falls into the Big Sioux, or Calumet, on the east side ; thence down said creek and the Calumet 



162 I HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

River to the Missouri River; thence down said Missouri River to the Missouri State line above 
the Kansas ; thence along said line to the northwest corner of said State ; thence to the high lands 
between the waters falling into the Missouri and Des Moines, passing to said high lands along 
the dividing ridge between the forks of the Grand River ; thence along said high lands or ridge 
separating the waters of the Missouri from those of the Des Moines, to a point opposite the source 
of the Hoyer River, and thence in a direct line to the upper fork of the Des Moines, the place of 
beginning. 

It was understood that the lands ceded and relinquished by this treaty were to be assigned 
and allotted, under the direction of the President of the United States, to the tribes then living 
thereon, or to such other tribes as the President might locate thereon for hunting and other pur- 
poses. In consideration of three tracts of land ceded in this treaty, the United States agreed to 
pay to the Sacs three thousand dollars ; to the Foxes, three thousand dollars ; to the Sioux, 
two thousand dollars; to the Yankton and Santie bands of Sioux, three thousand dollars; to the 
Omahas, two thousand five hundred dollars ; and to the Ottoes and Missouris, two thousand five 
hundred dollars — to be paid annually for ten successive years. In addition to these annuities, 
the Government agreed to furnish some of the tribes with blacksmiths and agricultural imple- 
ments to the amount of two hundred dollars, at the expense of the United States, and to set apart 
three thousand dollars annually for the education of the children of these tribes. It does not 
appear that any fort was erected in this territory prior to the erection of Fort Atkinson on the 
Neutral Ground, in 1840-41. 

This treaty was made by William Clark, Superintendent of Indian affairs, and Col. Willoughby 
Morgan, of the United States First Infantry, and came into efi"ect by proclamation, February 
24, 1831. 

10. Treaty with the Winnebagoes. — Made at Fort Armstrong, Rock Island, September 15, 1832, 
by Gen. Winfield Scott and Hon. John Reynolds, Governor of Illinois. In this treaty the Win- 
nebagoes ceded to the United States all their land lying on the east side of the Mississippi, and 
in part consideration therefor the United States granted to the Winnebagoes, to be held as other 
Indian lands are held, that portion of Iowa known as the Neutral Ground. The exchange of the 
two tracts of country was to take place on or before the 1st day of June, 1833. In addition to 
the Neutral Ground, it was stipulated that the United States should give the Winnebagoes, begin- 
ning in September, 1833, and continuing for twenty-seven successive years, ten thousand dollars 
in specie, and establish a school among them, with a farm and garden, and provide other facili- 
ties for the education of their children, not to exceed in cost three thousand dollars a year, and 
to continue the same for twenty-seven successive years. Six agriculturists, twelve yoke of oxen 
and plows and other farming tools were to be supplied by the Government. 

11. Treat}/ of 1S32 with the Sacs and Foxes. — Already mentioned as the Black Hawk purchase. 

12. Treat!/ of 1836, with the Sacs and Foxes, ceding Keokuk's Reserve to the United States; 
for which the Government stipulated to pay thirty thousand dollars, and an annuity of ten thou- 
sand dollars for ten successive years, together with other sums and debts of the Indians to 
various parties. 

13. Treat!/ of 1SS7.— On the 21st of October, 1837, a treaty was made at the city of Wash- 
ington, between Carey A. Harris, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and the confederate tribes of 
Sacs and Foxes, ratified February 21, 1838, wherein another slice of the soil of Iowa was obtained, 
described in the treaty as follows: "A tract of country containing 1,250,000 acres, lying west 
and adjoining the tract conveyed by them to the United States in the treaty of September 21, 
1832. It is understood that the points of termination for the present cession shall be tjie north- 
ern and southern points of said tract as fixed by the survey made under the authority of the 
United States, and that a line shall be drawn between them so as to intersect a line extended 
westwardly from the angle of said tract nearly opposite to Rock Island, as laid down in the above 
survey, so far as may be necessary to include the number of acres hereby ceded, which last 
mentioned line, it is estimated, will be about twenty-five miles." 

This piece of land was twenty-five miles wide in the middle, and ran off to a point at both 
ends, lying directly back of the Black Hawk Purchase, and of the same length. 

14. Treaty of Relim/uishnmit. — At the same date as the above treaty, in the city of Washing- 
ton, Carey A. Harris, Commissioner, the Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United States all their 
right and interest in the country lying south of the boundary line between the Sacs and Foxes 
and Sioux, as described in the treaty of August 19, 1825, and between the Mississippi and Mis- 
souri Rivers, the United States paying for the same one hundred and sixty thousand dollars. 
The Indians also gave up all claims and interests under the treaties previously made with them, 
for the satisfaction of which no appropriations had been made. 

15. Treaty of IS/fS. — The last treaty was made with the Sacs and Foxes October 11, 1842 ; 
ratified March 23, 1843. It was made at the Sac and Fox agency (Agency City), by John 
Chambers, Commissioner on behalf of the United States. In this treaty the Sac and Fox Indians 
" ceded to the United States all their lands west of the Mississippi to which they had any claim 
or title." By the terms of this treaty they were to be removed from the country at the expira- 
tion of three years, and all who remained after that were to move at their own expense. Part 
of them were removed to Kansas in the Fall of 1845, and the rest the Spring following. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 163 



SPANISH GRANTS. 



While the territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was under Spanish 
rule as a part of its province of Louisiana, certain claims to and grants of land 
were made by the Spanish authorities, with which, in addition to the extinguishment 
of Indian titles, the United States had to deal. It is proper that these should 
be briefly reviewed. 

Dubuque. — On the 22d day of September, 1788, Julien Dubuque, a French- 
man, from Prairie du Chien, obtained from the Foxes a cession or lease of lands 
on the Mississippi River for mining purposes, on the site of the present city of 
Dubuque. Lead had been discovered here eight years before, in 1780, by the 
wife of Peosta Fox, a warrior, and Dubuque's claim embraced nearly all the lead 
bearing lands in that vicinity. He immediately took possession of his claim and 
commenced mining, at the same time making a settlement. The place became 
known as the "Spanish Miners," or, more commonly, "Dubuque's Lead 
Mines." 

In 1796, Dubuque filed a petition with Baron de Carondelet, the Spanish 
Governor of Louisiana, asking that the tract ceded to him by the Indians might 
be granted to him by patent from the Spanish Government. In this petition, 
Dubuque rather indefinitely set forth the boundaries of this claim as " about 
seven leagues along the Mississippi River, and three leagues in width from the 
river," intending to include, as is supposed, the river front between the Little 
Maquoketa and the Tete des Mertz Rivers, embracing more than twenty thou- 
sand acres. Carondelet granted the prayer of the petition, and the grant was 
subsequently confirmed by the Board of Land Commissioners of Louisiana. 

In October, 1804, Dubuque transferred the larger part of his claim to 
Auguste Choteau, of St. Louis, and on the 17th of May, 1805, he and Choteau 
jointly filed their claims with the Board of Commissioners. On the 20th of 
September,' 1806, the Board decided in their favor, pronouncing the claim to be 
a regular Spanish grant, made and completed prior to the 1st day of October, 
1800, only one member, J. B. C. Lucas, dissenting. 

Dubuque died March 24, 1810. The Indians, understanding that the claim 
of Dubu(|ue under their former act of cession Avas only a permit to occupy the 
tract and work the mines during his life, and that at his death they reverted to 
them, took possession and continued mining operations, and were sustained by 
the military authority of the United States, notwithstanding the decision of the 
Commissioners. When the Black Hawk purchase was consummated, the Du- 
buque claim thus held by the Indians was absorbed by the United States, as the 
Sacs and Foxes made no reservation of it in the treaty of 1832. 

The heirs of Choteau, however, were not disposed to relinquish their claim 
Avithout a struggle. Late in 1832, they employed an agent to look after their 
interests, and authorized him to lease the right to dig lead on the lands. The 
miners Avho commenced work under this agent were compelled by the military to 
abandon their operations, and one of the claimants went to Galena to institute 
legal proceedings, but found no court of competent jurisdiction, although he did 
bring an action for the recovery of a (juantity of lead dug at Dubuque, for the 
purpose of testing the title. Being unable to identify the lead, however, he was 
non-suited. 

By act of Congress, approved July 2, 1836, the town of Dubuque was sur- 
veyed and platted. After lots had been sold and occupied by the purchasers, 
Henry Chotean brought an action of ejectment against Patrick Malony, who 



164 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

held land in Dubuque under a patent from the United States, for the recovery 
of seven undivided eighth parts of the Dubuque claim, as purchased by Auguste 
Choteau in 1804. The case was tried in the District Court of the United States 
for the District of Iowa, and was decided adversely to the plaintiff. The case was 
carried to the Supreme Court of the United States on a writ of error, when it 
was heard at the December term, 1853, and the decision of the lower court was 
aflBrmed, the court holding that the permit from Carondolet was merely a lease 
or permit to work the mines ; that Dubuque asked, and the Governor of Louisiana 
granted, nothing more than the " peaceable possession " of certain lands obtained 
from the Indians ; that Carondelet had no legal authority to make snch a grant 
as claimed, and that, even if he had, this was but an " inchoate and imperfect 
title." 

Giard. — In 1795, the Lieutenant Governor of Upper Louisiana granted to 
Basil Giard five thousand eight hundred and sixty acres of land, in what is now 
Clayton County, known as the "Giard Tract." He occupied the land during 
the time that Iowa passed from Spain to France, and from France to the United 
States, in consideration of which the Federal Government granted a patent of 
the same to Giard in his own right. His heirs sold the Avhole tract to James H. 
Lockwood and Thomas P. Burnett, of Prairie du Chien, for three hundred dollars. 

Honori. — March 30, 1799, Zenon Trudeau, Acting Lieutenant Governor of 
L^pper Louisiana, granted to Louis Honori a tract of land on the site of the 
present town of Montrose, as follows : " It is permitted to Mr. Louis (Fresson) 
Henori, or Louis Honore Fesson, to establish himself at the head of the rapids 
of the River Des Moines, and his establishment once formed, notice of it shall be 
given to the Governor General, in order to obtain for him a commission of a space 
sufficient to give value to such establishment, and at the same time to render it 
useful to the commerce of the peltries of this country, to watch the Indians and 
keep them in the fidelity which they owe to His Majesty." 

Honori took immediate possession of his claim, which he retained until 1805. 
While trading with the natives, he became indebted to Joseph Robedoux, Avho 
obtained an execution on which the property was sold May 13, 1803, and was 
purchased by the creditor. In these proceedings the property was described as 
beinor " about six leagues above the River Des Moines." Robedoux died soon 
after he purchased the proprerty. Auguste Choteau, his executor, disposed of 
the Honori tract to Thomas F. Reddeck, in April, 1805, up to wdiich time 
Honori continued to occupy it. The grant, as made by the Spanish government, 
was a league square, but only one mile square was confirmed by the Uuited 
States. After the half-breeds sold their lands, in which the Honori grant was 
included, various claimants resorted to litigation in attempts to invalidate the 
title of the Reddeck heirs, but it was finally confirmed by a decision of the 
Supreme Court of the United States in 1839, and is the oldest legal title to any 
land in the State of Iowa. 



THE HALF-BREED TRACT. 

Before any permanent settlement had been made in the Territory of Iowa, 
white adventurers, trappers and traders, many of Avhom were scattered along 
the Mississippi and its tributaries, as agents and employes of the American Fur 
Company, intermarried with the females of the Sac and Fox Indians, producing 
a race of half-breeds, Avhose number was never definitely ascertained. There 
were some respectable and excellent people among them, children of men of 
some refinement and education. For instance : Dr. Muir, a gentleman educated 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 165 

at Edinburgh, Scotland, a surgeon in the United States Army, stationed at a 
military post located on the present site of Warsaw, married an Indian woman, 
and reared his family of three daughters in the city of Keokuk. Other exam- 
ples might be cited, but they are probably exceptions to the general rule, and 
the race is noAV nearly or quite extinct in Iowa. 

A treaty was made at Washington, August 4, 1824, between the Sacs and 
Foxes and the United States, by which that portion of Lee County was reserved 
to the half-breeds of those tribes, and which was afterward known as " The 
Half-Breed Tract." This reservation is the triangular piece of land, containing 
about 119,000 acres, lying between the Mississippi andDes Moines Rivers. It is 
bounded on the north by the prolongation of the northern line of jSIissouri. 
This line was intended to be a straight one, running due east, which would have 
caused it to strike the jNIississippi River at or below Montrose ; but the surveyor who 
run it took no notice of the change in the variation of the needle as he proceeded 
eastward, and, in consequence, the line he run was bent, deviating more and more 
to the northward of a direct line as he approached the Mississippi, so that it 
struck that river at the lower edge of the town of Fort Madison. " This errone- 
ous line," says Judge Mason, "has been acquiesced in as well in fixing the 
northern limit of the Half-Breed Tract as in determining the northern boundary 
line of the State of Missouri." The line thus run included in the reservation 
a portion of the lower part of the city of Fort Madison, and all of the present 
townships of Van Buren, Charleston, Jefferson, Des Moines, Montrose and 
Jack son - 

Under the treaty of 1824, the half-breeds had the right to occupy the soil, 
but could not convey it, the reversion being reserved to the United States. But 
on the 30th day of January, 1834, by act of Congress, this reversionary right 
was relinquished, and the half-breeds acquired the lands in fee simple. This 
was no sooner done, than a horde of speculators rushed in to buy land of the 
half-breed owners, and, in many instances, a gun, a blanket, a pony or a few 
quarts of whisky was sufficient for the purchase of large estates. There was 
a deal of sharp practice on both sides ; Indians would often claim ownership of 
land by virtue of being half-breeds, and had no difficulty in proving their mixed 
blood by the Indians, and they would then cheat the speculators by selling land 
to which they had no rightful title. On the other hand, speculators often 
claimed land in which they had no ownership. It was diamond cut diamond, 
until at last things became badly mixed. There were no authorized surveys, 
and no boundary lines to claims, and, as a natural result, numerous conflicts and 
quarrels ensued. 

To settle these difficulties, to decide the validity of claims or sell them, for 
the benefit of the real owners, by act of the Legislature of Wisconsin Territory, 
approved January 16, 1838, Edward Johnstone, Thomas S. Wilson and David 
Brigham were appointed Commissioners, and clothed with power to effi^ct these 
objects. The act provided that these Commissioners should be paid six dollars 
a day each. The commission entered upon its duties and continued until the 
next session of the Legislature, when the act creating it was repealed, invalidat- 
ing all that had been done and depriving the Commissioners of their pay. The 
repealing act, however, authorized the Commissioners to commence action against 
the owners of tlie Half-Breed Tract, to receive pay for their services, in the Dis- 
trict Court of Lee County. Two judgments were obtained, and on execution 
the whole of the tract Avas sold to Hugh T. Reid, the Sheriff executing the 
deed. Mr. Reid sold portions of it to various parties, but his own title was 
questioned and he became involved in litigation. Decisions in favor of Reid 



166 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and those holding under him were made by l)oth District and Supreme Courts, 
but in December, 1850, these decisions were finally reversed by the Supreme 
Court of the United States in the case of Joseph Webster, plaintiff in error, vs. 
Hugli T. lleid, and the judgment titles ftiiled. About nine years before the 
"judgment titles " were finally abrogated as above, another class of titles were 
brought into competition with them, and in the conflict betAveen the two, the 
final decision Avas obtained. These Avere the titles based on the " decree of 
partition " issued by the United States District Court for the Territory of loAva, 
on the 8th of May, 1841, and certified to by the Clerk on the 2d day of June of 
that year. Edward Johnstone and Hugh T. Reid, then hnv partners at Fort 
Madison, filed the petition for the decree in behalf of the St. Louis claimants of 
half-breed lands. Francis S. Key, author of the Star Spangled Banner, Avho 
was then attorney for the New York Land Company, which held heavy interests 
in these lands, took a leading part in the measure, and drcAV up the document in 
which it Avas presented to the court. Judge Charles Mason, of Burlington, pre- 
sided. The plan of partition divided the tract into one hundred and one shares 
and arranged tliat each claimant should draw his proportion by lot, and should 
abide the result, Avhatever it might be. The arrangement Avas entered into, the 
lots drawn, and the plat of the same filed in the Recorder's ofiice, October 6, 
1841. Upon this basis the titles to land in the Half-Breed Tract are noAv held. 



EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 

The first permanent settlement by the whites within the limits of Iowa Avas 
made by Julien Dubu({ue, in 1788, Avhen, Avith a small party of miners, he set- 
tled on the site of the city that now bears his name, where he lived until his 
death, in 1810. Louis Honori settled on the site of the present toAvn of Mon- 
trose, probably in 1799, and resided there until 1805, Avhen his property passed 
into other hands. Of the Giard settlement, opposite Prairie du Chien, little is 
known, except that it was occupied by some parties prior to the commencement 
of the present century, and contained three cabins in 1805. Indian traders, 
although not strictly to be considered settlers, had established themselves at 
various points at an early date. A Mr. Johnson, agent of the American Fur 
Company, had a trading post below Burlington, where he carried on traffic Avith 
the Indians some time before the United States possessed the country. In 
1820, Le Moliese, a French trader, had a station at Avhat is now Sandusky, six 
miles above Keokuk, in Lee County. In 1829, Dr. Isaac Gallaud made a set- 
tlement on the LoAver Rapids, at Avhat is noAV Nashville. 

The first settlement in Lee County was made in 1820, by Dr. Samuel C. 
Muir, a surgeon in the United States army, Avho had been stationed at Fort 
EdAvards, noAV Warsaw, 111., and who built a cabin Avhere the city of Keokuk 
now stands. Dr. Muir was a man of strict integrity and irreproachable char- 
acter. While stationed at a military post on the L^pper Mississippi, he had 
married an Indian Avoman of the Fox nation. Of his marriao-e, the folloAvino; 
romantic account is given : 

The post at which he was stationed was visiteil by a heautiful Indian maiden — whose native 
name, unfortunately, has not been preserved — who, in her dreams, had seen a white brave un- 
moor his canoe, i)addle it across the river and come directly to her lodge. She felt assured, 
according to the superstitious belief of her race, that, in her dreams, she had seen her future 
husband, and had come to the fort to find him. Meeting Dr. Muir, she instantly recognized 
him as the hero of her dream, which, with childlike innocence and simplicity, she related to 
him. Her dream was. indeed, prophetic. Charmed with Sophias beauty, innocence and devo- 
tion, the doctor honorably married her ; but after a while, the sneers and gibes of his brother 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. ' 16T 

officers — less honorable than he, perhaps — made him feel ashamed of his dark-skinned wife, and 
when his regiment was ordered down the river, to Bellefontaine, it is said he embraced the 
opportunity to rid himself of her, and left her, never expecting to see her again, and little 
dreaming that she would have the courage to follow him. But, with her infiint child, this in- 
trepid wife and mother started alone in her canoe, and, after many days of weary labor and a 
lonely journey of nine hundred miles, she, at last, reached him. She afterward remarked, when 
speaking of this toilsome journey down the river in search of her husband, " When I got there 
I was all perished away — so thin ! " The doctor, touched by such unexampled devotion, took her 
to his heart, and ever after, until his death, treated her with marked respect. She always pre- 
sided at his table with grace and dignity, but never abandoned her native style of dress. In 
1819-20, he was stationed at Fort Edward, but the senseless ridicule of some of his brother 
officers on account of his Indian wife induced him to resign his commission. 

After building his cabin, as above stated, he leased his claim for a term of years to Otis 
Reynolds and John Culver, of St. Louis, and went to La Pointe, afterward Galena, where he 
practiced his profession for ten years, when he returned to Keokuk. His Indian wife bore to 
him four children — Louise (married at Keokuk, since dead), James, (drowned at Keokuk), Mary 
and Sophia. Dr. Muir died suddenly of cholera, in 1832, but left his property in such condition 
that it was soon wasted in vexatious litigation, and his brave and faithful wife, left friendless and 
penniless, became discouraged, and, with her children, disappeared, and, it is said, returned to 
her people on the Upper Missouri. 

Messrs. Reynolds & Culver, who had leased Dr. Muir's claim at Keokuk, 
subsequently employed as their agent Mr. Moses Stillwell, who arrived with 
his family in 1828, and took possession of Muir's cabin. His brothers-in-law, 
Amos and Valencourt Van Ansdal, came with him and settled near. 

His daughter, Margaret Stillwell (afterward Mrs. Ford) was born in 1831, 
at the foot of the rapids, called by the Indians Puch-a-she-tuck, where Keokuk 
now stands. She was probably the first white American child born in Iowa. 

In 1831, Mr. Johnson, Agent of the American Fur Company, who had a 
station at the foot of the rapids, removed to another location, and. Dr. Muir 
having returned from Galena, he and Isaac R. Campbell took the place and 
buildings vacated by the Company and carried on trade with the Indians and 
half-breeds. Campbell, who had first visited and traveled through the southern 
part of Iowa, in 1821, was an enterprising settler, and besides trading with the 
natives carried on a farm and kept a tavern. 

Dr. Muir died of cholera in 1832. 

In 1830, James L. and Lucius H. Langworthy, brothers and natives of 
Vermont, visited the Territory for the purpose of working the lead mines at Du- 
buque. They had been engaged in lead mining at Galena, Illinois, the former 
from as early as 1824. The lead mines in the Dubuque region were an object 
of great interest to the miners about Galena, for they were known to be rich in 
lead ore. To explore these mines and to obtain permission to work them was 
therefore eminently desirable. 

In 1829, James L, Langworthy resolved to visit the Dubuque mines. Cross- 
ing the Mississippi at a point now known as Dunleith, in a canoe, and swim- 
ming his horse by his side, he landed on the spot now known as Jones Street 
Levee. Before him spread out a beautiful prairie, on which the city of Du- 
buque now stands. Two miles south, at the mouth of Catfish Creek, Avas a vil- 
lage of Sacs and Foxes. Thither Mr. Langworthy proceeded, and was well re- 
ceived by the natives. He endeavored to obtain permission from them to mine 
in their hills, but this they refused. He. however, succeeded in gaining the con- 
fidence of the chief to such an extent as to be allowed to travel in the interior 
for three weeks and explore the country. He employed two 3'oung Indians as 
guides, and traversed in different directions the whole region lying between the 
Maquoketa and Turkey Rivers. He returned to the village, secured the good 
will of the Indians, and, returning to Galena, formed plans for future opera- 
tions, to be executed as soon as circumstances would permit. 



168 ' HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

In 1830, with his brother, Lucius H., and others, having obtained the con- 
sent of the Indians, Mr. Langworthy crossed the Mississippi and commenced 
mining in the vicinity around Dubuque. 

At this time, tlie lands were not in the actual possession of the United States. 
Although they had been purchased from France, the Indian title had not been 
extinguished, and these adventurous persons were beyond the limits of any State 
or Territorial government. The first settlers were therefore obliged to be their 
own law-makers, and to agree to such regulations as the exigencies of the case 
demanded. The first act resembling civil legislation within the limits of the 
present State of Iowa Avas done by the miners at this point, in June, 1830. They 
met on the bank of the river, by the side of an old cottonwood drift log, at 
what is now the Jones Street Levee, Dubuque, and elected a Committee, con- 
sisting of J. L. Langworthy, H. F. Lander, James McPhetres, Samuel Scales, 
and E. M, Wren. This may be called the first Legislature in Iowa, the mem- 
bers of which gathered around that old cottonwood log, and agreed to and re- 
ported the following, written by ]Mr. Langworthy, on a half sheet of coarse, un- 
ruled paper, the old log being the writing desk : 

We, a Committee having been chosen to draft certain rules and regulations (laws) by 
which we as miners will be governed, and having duly considered the subject, do unanimously 
agree that we will be governed by the regulations on the east side of the Mississippi River,* with 
the following exceptions, to wit : 

Article I. That eacli and every man shall hold 200 yards square of ground by working 
said ground one day in six. 

Article II. We further agree that there shall be chosen, by the majority of the miners 
present, a person who shall hold this article, and who shall grant letters of arbitration on appli- 
cation having been made, and that said letters of arbitration shall be obligatory on the parties so 
applying. 

The report was accepted by the miners present, who elected Dr. Jarote, in 
accordance with Article 2. Here, then, we have, in 1830, a primitive Legisla- 
ture elected by the people, the law drafted by it being submitted to the people 
for approval, and under it Dr. Jarote was elected first Governor within the 
limits of the present State of Iowa. And it is to be said that the laws tlius 
enaoted were as promptly obeyed, and the acts of the executive officer thus 
elected as duly respected, as any have been since. 

The miners who had thus erected an independent government of their own 
on the west side of the Mississippi River continued to work successfully for a 
long time, and the new settlement attracted considerable attention. But tlie 
west side of the Mississippi belonged to the Sac and Fox Indians, and the Gov- 
ernment, in order to preserve peace on the frontier, as well as to protect the 
Indians in their rights under the treaty, ordered the settlers not only to stop 
mining, but to remove from the Indian territory. They were simply intruders. 
The execution of this order was entrusted to Col. Zachary Taylor, then in c<im- 
mand of the military post at Prairie du Cliien, who, early in July, sent an officer 
to the miners with orders to forbid settlement, and to command the miners to 
remove within ten days to tlie east side of the Mississippi, or they Avould be 
driven off by armed force. The miners, however, were reluctant about leaving 
the rich "leads" they had already discovered and opened, and were not dis- 
posed to obey the order to remove with any considerable degree of alacrity. In 
due time. Col. Taylor dispatched a detachment of troops to enforce his order. The 
miners, anticipating tlieir arrival, had, excepting three, recrossed the river, and 
from the east bank saw the troops land on the western shore. The three who 
had lingered a little too long were, liowever, permitted to make their escape 

* Established by the Superintendent of U. S. Lead Jlines at Fever RiTer. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 169 

unmolested. From this time, a militaiy force was stationed at Dubuque to 
prevent the settlers from returning, until June. 1832. The Indians returned, 
and were encouaged to operate the rich mines opened by the late white 
occupants. 

In June, 1832, the troops were ordered to the east side to assist in the 
annihilation of the very Indians whose rights they had been protecting on the 
west side. Immediately after the close of the Black Hawk war, and the negotia- 
tions of the treaty in September, 1832, by which the Sacs and Foxes ceded to 
the United States the tract known as the "Black Hawk Purchase," the set- 
tlers, supposing that now they had a right to re-enter the territory, returned 
and took possession of their claims, built cabins, erected furnaces and prepared 
large quantities of lead for market. Dubuque was becoming a noted place on 
the river, but the prospects of the hardy and enterprising settlers and miners 
were again ruthlessly interfered with by the Government, on the ground that 
the treaty with the Indians would not go into force until June 1, 1833, although 
they had withdrawn from the vicinity of the settlement. Col. Taylor was again 
ordered by the War Department to remove the miners, and in January, 1833, 
troops were again sent from Prairie du Chien to Dubuque for that purpose. 
This was a serious and perhaps unnecessary hardship imposed upon the settlers. 
They were compelled to abandon their cabins and homes in mid-winter. It 
must now be said, simply, that "red tape" should be respected. The purchase 
had been made, the treaty ratified, or was sure to be ; the Indians had retired, 
and, after the lapse of nearly fifty years, no very satisfactory reason for this 
rigorous action of the Government can be given. 

But the orders had been given, and there was no alternative but to obey. 
Many of the settlers recrossed the river, and did not return ; a few, however, 
removed to an island near the east bank of the river, built rude cabins of poles, 
in which to store their lead until Spring, when they could float the fruits of 
their labor to St. Louis for sale, and where they could remain until the treaty 
went into force, when they could return. Among these were James L. Lang- 
worthy, and his brother Lucius, who had on hand about three hundred thousand 
pounds of lead. 

Lieut. Covington, who had been placed in command at Dubuque by Col. 
Taylor, ordered some of the cabins of the settlers to be torn down, and wagons 
and other property to be destroyed. This wanton and inexcusable action on 
the part of a subordinate clothed with a little brief authority was sternly 
rebuked by Col. Taylor, and Covington was superseded by Lieut. George Wil- 
son, Avho pursued a just and friendly course with the pioneers, who were only 
waiting for the time when they could repossess their claims. 

June 1, 1833, the treaty formally went into effect, the troops were withdrawn, 
and the Langworthy brothers and a few others at once returned and resumed 
possession of their home claims and mineral prospects, and from this time the 
first permanent settlement of this portion of Iowa must date. Mr. John P. 
Sheldon was appointed Superintendent of the mines by the Government, and a 
system of permits to miners and licenses to smelters was adopted, similar to that 
which had been in operation at Galena, since 1825, under Lieut. Martin Thomas 
and Capt. Thomas C. Legate. Substantially the primitive law enacted by the 
miners assembled around that old cottonwood drift log in 1830 was adopted and 
enforced by the Fnited States Government, except that miners were required to 
sell their mineral to licensed smelters and the smelter was required to give bonds 
for the payment of six per cent, of all lead manufactured to the Government. 
This was the same rule adopted in the United States mines on Fever River in 



170 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Illinois, except that, until 1830, the Illinois miners were compelled to pay 10 
per cent. tax. This tax upon the miners created much dissatisfaction among 
the miners on the west side as it had on the east side of the Mississippi. They 
thought they had suffered hardships and privations enough in opening the way 
for civilization, without being subjected to the imposition of an odious Govern- 
ment tax upon their means of subsistence, when the Federal Government could 
better afford to aid than to extort from them. The measure soon became unpop- 
ular. It Avas difficult to collect the taxes, and the whole system was abolished 
in about ten years. 

During 1833, after the Indian title was fully extinguished, about five hun- 
dred people arrived at the mining district, about one hundred and fifty of them 
from Galena. 

In the same year, Mr. Langworthy assisted in building the first school house 
in Iowa, and thus was formed the nucleus of the now populous and thriving 
City of Dubuque. Mr. Langworthy lived to see the naked prairie on which he 
first landed become the site of a city of fifteen thousand inhabitants, the small 
school house which he aided in constructing replaced by three substantial edifices, 
wherein two thousand children were being trained, churches erected in every 
part of the city, and railroads connecting the wilderness which he first explored 
with all the eastern world. He died suddenly on the 13th of March, 1865, 
while on a trip over the Dubuque & Southwestern Railroad, at Monticello, 
and the evening train brought the news of his death and his remains. 

Lucius H. Langworthy, his brother, was one of the most Avorthy, gifted and 
mfluential of the old settlers of this section of Iowa. He died, greatly lamented 
by many friends, in June, 1865. 

The name Dubuque was given to the settlement by the miners at a meeting 
held in 1834. 

In 1832, Captain James White made a claim on the present site of Montrose. 
In 1834, a military post was established at this point, and a garrison of cavalry 
was stationed here, under the command of Col. Stephen W. Kearney. The 
soldiers Avere removed from this post to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1837. 

During the same year, 1832, soon after the close of the Black Hawk War, 
Zachariah Hawkins, Benjamin Jennings, Aaron White, Augustine Horton, 
Samuel Gooch, Daniel Thompson and Peter Williams made claims at Fort 
Madison. In 1833, these claims were purchased by John and Nathaniel 
Knapp, upon Avhich, in 1835, they laid out the town. The next Summer, lots 
were sold. The toAvn was subsequently re-surveyed and platted by the United 
States Government. 

At the close of the Black Hawk War, parties who had been impatiently 
looking across upon "Flint Hills," noAv Burlington, came over from Illinois 
and made claims The first was Samuel S. White, in the Fall of 1832, who 
erected a cabin on the site of the city of Burlington. About the same time, 
David Tothero made a claim on the prairie about three miles back from the 
river, at a place since known as the farm of Judge Morgan. In tlie Winter of 
that year, they Avere driven off by the military from Rock Island, as intruders 
upon the rights of the Indians, and White's cabin was burnt by the soldiers. 
He retired to Illinois, where he spent the Winter, and in the Summer, as soon 
as the Indian title Avas extinguished, returned and rebuilt his cabin. White 
was joined by his brother-in-laAv, Doolittle, and they laid out the original town 
of Burlington in 1834. 

All along the river borders of the Black HaAvk Purchase settlers were flocking 
into Iowa. Immediately after the treaty Avith the Sacs and Foxes, in Septem- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 171 

ber, 1832, Col. George Davenport made the first claim on the spot where the 
thriving city of Davenport now stands. As early as 1827, Col. Davenport had 
established a flatboat ferry, which ran between the island and the main shore of 
Iowa, by which he carried on a trade with the Indians west of the Mississippi. 
In 1833, Capt. Benjamin W. Clark moved across from Illinois, and laid the 
foundation of the town of Buffalo, in Scott County, which was the first actual 
settlement within the limits of that county. Among other early settlers in this 
part of the Territory were Adrian H. Davenport, Col. John Sullivan, Mulli- 
gan and Franklin Easly, Capt. John Coleman, J. M. Camp, William White, 
H. W. Higgins, Cornelius Harrold, Richard Harrison, E. H. Shepherd and 
Dr. E. S. Barrows. 

The first settlers of Davenport were Antoine LeClaire, Col. George Daven- 
port, Major Thomas Smith, Major William Gordon, Philip Hambough, Alexan- 
der W. McGregor, Levi S. Colton, Capt. James May and others. Of Antoine 
LeClaire, as the representative of the two races of men who at this time occu- 
pied Iowa, Hon. C. C. Nourse, in his admirable Centennial Address, says : 
" Antoine LeClaire was born at St. Joseph, Michigan, in 1797. His father 
was French, his mother a granddaughter of a Pottowatomie chief. In 1818, 
he acted as official interpreter to Col. Davenport, at Fort Armstrong (now Rock 
Island). He was well acquainted with a dozen Indian dialects, and was a man 
of strict integrity and great energy. In 1820, he married the granddaughter 
of a Sac chief. The Sac and Fox Indians reserved for him and his wife two 
sections of land in the treaty of 1833, one at the town of LeClaire and one at 
Davenport. The Pottawatomies, in the treaty at Prairie du Chien, also 
reserved for him two sections of land, at the present site of Moline, 111. He 
received the appointment of Postmaster and Justice of the Peace in the Black 
Hawk Purchase, at an early day. In 1833, ho bought for $100 a claim on the 
land upon which the original town of Davenport was surveyed and platted in 
1836. In 1836, LeClaire built the hotel, known since, with its valuable addi- 
tion, as the LeClaire House. He died September 25, 1861." 

In Clayton County, the first settlement was made in the Spring of 1832, 
on Turkey River, by Robert Hatfield and William W. Way man. No further 
settlement was made in this part of the State till the beginning of 1836. 

In that portion now known as Muscatine County, settlements were made in 
1834, by Benjamin Nye, John Vanater and G. W. Kasey, who were the first 
settlers. E. E. Fay, William St. John, N. Fullington, H. Reece, Jona Petti- 
bone, R. P. Lowe, Stephen Whicher, Abijah Whiting, J. E. Fletcher, W. D. 
Abernethy and Alexis Smith were early settlers of Muscatine. 

During the Summer of 1835, William Bennett and his family, from Galena, 
built the first cabin w^ithin the present limits of Delaware County, in some 
timber since known as Eads' Grove. 

The first post office in Iowa was established at Dubuque in 1833. Milo H. 
Prentice was appointed Postmaster. 

The first Justice of the Peace was Antoine Le Claire, appointed in 1833, as 
" a very suitable person to adjust the difficulties between the white settlers and 
the Indians still remaining there." 

The first Methodist Society in the Territory was formed at Dubuque on 
the 18th of May, 1834, and the first class meeting was held June 1st of that 
year. 

The first church bell brought into Iowa was in March, 1834. 

The first mass of the Roman Catholic Church in the Territory was celebrated 
at Dubuque, in the house of Patrick Quigley, in the Fall of 1833. 



172 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

The first school house in the Territory was erected by the Dubuque miners 
in 1833. 

The first Sabbath school was organized at Dubuque early in the Summer 
of 1834. 

The first woman who came to this part of the Territory with a view to per- 
manent residence was Mrs. Noble F. Dean, in the Fall of 1832. 

The first family that lived in this part of Iowa was that of Hosea T. Camp, 
in 1832. 

The first meeting house was built by the Methodist Episcopal Church, at 
Dubuque, in 1834. 

Tlie first newspaper in Iowa was the Dubuque Visitor, issued May 11th, 1836. 
John King, afterward Judge King, Avas editor, and William C. Jones, printer. 

The pioneers of Iowa, as a class, were brave, hardy, intelligent and 
enterprising people. 

As early as 1824, a Freiich trader named Hart had established a trading 
post, and built a cabin on the blufis above the large spring now known as 
"Mvnster Spring," within the limits of the present city of Council Bluffs, and 
had probably been there some time, as the post was known to the employes of 
the American Fur Company as Lacote de Ifai't., or " Hart's Bluff"." In 1827, 
an agent of the American Fur Company, Francis Guittar, with others, encamped 
in the timber at the foot of the bluffs, about on the present location of Broad- 
way, and afterward settled there. In 1839, a block house was built on the 
bluff in the east part of the city. The Pottawatomie Indians occupied this part 
of the State until 1846-7, Avhen they relinquished the territory and removed to 
Kansas. Billy Caldwell was then principal chief. There were no white settlers 
in that part of the State except Indian traders, until the arrival of the Mormons 
under the lead of Brigham Young. These people on their way westward halted 
for the Winter of 1846-7 on the west bank of the Missouri River, about five 
miles above Omaha, at a place now called Florence. Some of them had 
reached the eastern bank of the river the Spring before, in season to plant a 
crop. In the Spring of 1847, Young and a portion of the colony pursued their 
journey to Salt Lake, but a large portion of them returned to the Iowa side and 
settled mainly within the limits of Pottawattamie County. The principal settle- 
ment of this strange community was at a place first called "Miller's Hollow," 
on Indian Creek, and afterward named Kanesville, in honor of Col. Kane, of 
Pennsylvania, who visited them soon afterward. The Mormon settlement 
extended over the county and into neighboring counties, wherever timber and 
water furnished desirable locations. Orson Hyde, priest, lawyer and editor, was 
installed as President of the Quorum of Twelve, and all that part of the State 
remained under Mormon control for several years. In 1846, they raised a bat- 
talion, numbering some five hundred men, for the Mexican war. In 1848, Hyde 
started a paper called the Frontier Guardian, at Kanesville. In 1849, after 
many of the faithful had left to join Brigham Young at Salt Lake, the Mormons 
in this section of Iowa numbered 6,552, and in 1850, 7,828, but they were not 
all witliin the limits of Pottawattamie County. This county was organized in 
1848, all the first officials being Mormons. In 1852, the order was promulgated 
that all the true believers should gather together at Salt Lake. Gentiles flocked 
in, and in a few years nearly all the first settlers were gone. 

May 9, 1843, Captain James Allen, with a small detachment of troops on 
board the steamer lone, arrived at the present site of the capital of the State, 
Des Moines. The lone was the first steamer to ascend the Des Moines River 
to this point. The troops and stores Avere landed at Avhat is now the foot of 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 173 

Court avenue, Des Moines, and Capt. Allen returned in the steamer to Fort 
Sanford to arrange for bringing up more soldiers and supplies. In due time 
they, too, arrived, and a fort was built near the mouth of Raccoon Fork, at its 
confluence with the Des Moines, and named Fort Des Moines. Soon after the 
arrival of the troops, a trading post was established on the east side of the river, 
by tAvo noted Indian traders named Ewing, from Ohio. 

Among the first settlers in this part of Iowa were Benjamin Bryant, J. B. 
Scott, James Drake (gunsmith), John Sturtevant, Robert Kinzie, Alexander 
Turner, Peter Newcomer, and others. 

The Western States have been settled by many of the best and most enter- 
prising men of the older States, and a large immigration of the best blood of 
the Old World, who, removing to an arena of larger opportunities, in a more 
fertile soil and congenial climate, have developed a spirit and an energy 
peculiarly Western. In no country on the globe have enterprises of all kinds 
been pushed forward with such rapidity, or has there been such independence 
and freedom of competition. Among those who have pioneered the civiliza- 
tion of the West, and been the founders of great States, none have ranked 
higher in the scale of intelligence and moral worth than the pioneers of Iowa, 
who came to the territory when it was an Indian country, and through hardship, 
privation and suffering, laid the foundations of the populous and prosperous 
commonwealth which to-day dispenses its blessings to a million and a quarter 
of people. From her first settlement and from her first organization as a terri- 
tory to the present day, Iowa has had able men to manage her affairs, wise 
statesmen to shape her destiny and frame her laws, and intelligent and impartial 
jurists to administer justice to her citizens ; her bar, pulpit and press have been 
able and widely influential ; and in all the professions, arts, enterprises and 
industries which go to make up a great and prosperous commonwealth, she has 
taken and holds a front rank among her sister States of the West. 



TERRITORIAL HISTORY. 

By act of Congress, approved October 31, 1803, the President of the United 
States was authorized to take possession of the territory included in the 
Louisiana purchase, and provide for a temporary government. By another act 
of the same session, approved March 26, 1804, the newly acquired country was 
divided, October 1, 1804 into the Territory of Orleans, south of the thirty-third 
parallel of north latitude, and the district of Louisiana, which latter was placed 
under the authority of the officers of Indiana Territory. 

In 1805, the District of Louisiana was organized as a Territory with a gov- 
ernment of its own. In 1807, Iowa was included in the Territory of Illinois, 
and in 1812 in the Territory of Missouri. When Missouri was admitted as a 
State, March 2, 1821, "Iowa," says Hon. C. C. Nourse, "was left a political 
orphan," until by act of Congress, approved June 28, 1834, the Black Hawk 
purchase having been made, all the territory west of the Mississippi and north 
of the northern boundary of Missouri, was made a part of Michigan Territory. 
Up to this time there had been no county or other organization in what is now 
the State of Iowa, although one or two Justices of the Peace had been appointed 
and a post office was established at Dubuque in 1833. In September, 1834, 
however, the Territorial Legislature of Michigan created two counties on the 
west side of the Mississippi River, viz. : Dubuque and Des Moines, separated 
by a line drawn Avestward from the foot of Rock Island. These counties were 



174 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

partially organized. John King Avas appointed Chief Justice of Dubuque 
County, and Isaac Leffler, of Burlington, of Des Moines County. Two 
Associate Justices, in each county, were appointed by tlie Governor. 

On the first Monday in October, 1835, Gen. George W. Jones, now a citi- 

' zen of Dubuque, was elected a Delegate to Congress from this part of Michigan 

Territory. On the •20th of April, 1836, through the efforts of Gen. Jones, 

Congress passed a bill creating the Territory of Wisconsin, which went into 

operation, July 4, 1836, and Iowa was then included in 

THE TERRITORY OF AYISCONSIN, 

of which Gen. Henry Dodge was appointed Governor; John S. Horner, Secre- 
tary of the Territory ; Charles Dunn, Chief Justice ; David Irwin and William 
C. Frazer, Associate Justices. 

September 9, 1836, Governor Dodge ordered the census of the new Territory 
to be taken. This census resulted in shoAving a population of 10,531 in the 
counties of Dubucjue and Des ]Moines. Under the apportionment, these two 
counties were entitled to six members of the Council and thirteen of the House 
of Representatives. The Governor issued his proclamation for an election to be 
held on the first jNIonday of October, 1836, on which day the following members 
of the First Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin Avere elected from the two 
counties in the Black HaAvk purchase : 

Dubuque Coimti/. — Council: John Fally, Thomas McKnight, Thomas Mc- 
Craney. House : Loring Wlieeler, Hardin Nowlan, Peter Hill Engle, Patrick 
Quigley, Hosea T. Camp. 

Des Moines Qounty. — Council: Jeremiah Smith, Jr., Joseph B. Teas, 
Arthur B. Ingram. House: Isaac Leflfler, Thomas Blair, Warren L. Jenkins, 
John Box, George W. Teas, Eli Reynolds, David R. Chance. 

The first Legislature assembled at Belmont, in the present State of W^iscon- 
sin, on the 25th day of October, 1836, and was organized by electing Henry T. 
Baird President of the Council, and Peter Hill Engle, of Dubuque, Speaker of 
the House. It adjourned December 9, 1836. 

The second Legislature assembled at Burlington, November 10, 1837. 
Adjourned January 20, 1838. The third session Avas at Burlington; com- 
menced June 1st, and adjourned June 12, 1838. 

During the first session of the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature, in 1836, 
the county of Des Moines was divided into Des Moines, Lee, Van Buren, Henry, 
Muscatine and Cook (the latter being subsequently changed to Scott) and defined 
their boundaries. During the second session, out of the territory embraced in 
Dubufjue County, were created the counties of Dubuque, Clayton, Fayette, 
DelaAvare, Buchanan, Jackson, Jones, Linn, Clinton and Cedar, and their boun- 
daries defined, but the most of them were not organized until several years 
afterward, under the authority of the Territorial Legislature of loAva. 

The question of a separate territorial organization for loAva, which was then 
a part of Wisconsin Territory, began to be agitated early in the Autumn of 
1837. The Avishes of the people found expression in a convention held at Bur- 
lington on the 1st of November, Avhich memorialized Congress to organize a 
Territory west of the Mississippi, and to settle the boundary line between Wis- 
consin Territory and Missouri. The Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin, then 
in session at Burlington, joined in the petition. Gen. George W. Jones, of 
Dubuque, then residing at Sinsinawa Mound, in what is now Wisconsin, was 
Delegate to Congress from Wisconsin Territory, ^ind labored so earnestly and 
successfully, that " An act to divide the Territory of Wisconsin, and to estab- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 175 

lish the Territorial Government of Iowa," was approved June 12, 1838, to take 
eftect and be in force on and after July 3, 1838. The new Territory embraced 
"all that part of the present Territory of Wisconsin Avhich lies west of the Mis- 
sissippi River, and west of a line drawn due north from the head water or 
sources of the Mississippi to the territorial line." The organic act provided 
for a Governor, whose term of office should be three years, and for a Secretary, 
Chief Justice, two Associate Justices, and Attorney and Marshal^ Avho should 
serve four years, to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate. The act also provided for the election, by the white 
male inhabitants, citizens of the United States, over twenty-one years of age, 
of a House of Representatives, consisting of twenty-six members, and a Council, 
to consist of thirteen members. It also appropriated |5,000 for a public library, 
and $20,000 for the erection of public buildings. 

President Van Buren appointed Ex-Governor Robert Lucas, of Ohio, to be 
the first Governor of the new Territory. William B. Conway, of Pittsburgh, 
was appointed Secretary of the Territory; Charles Mason, of Burlington, 
Chief Justice, and Thomas S. Wilson, of Dubuque, and Joseph Williams, of 
Pennsylvania, Associate Judges of the Supreme and District Courts; Mr. Van 
Allen, of New York, Attorney; Francis Gehon, of Dubuque, Marshal; Au 
gustus C. Dodge, Register of the Land Office at Burlington, and Thomas Me- 
Knight, Receiver of the Land Office at Dubuque. Mr. Van Allen, the District 
Attorney, died at Rockingham, soon after his appointment, and Col. Charley 
Weston was appointed to fill his vacancy. Mr. Conway, the Secretary, also 
died at Burlington, during the second session of the Legislature, and Jameis 
Clarke, editor of the Gazette, was appointed to succeed him. 

Immediately after his arrival. Governor Lucas issued a proclamation for tho 
election of members of the first Territorial Legislature, to be held on the lOtL 
of September, dividing the Territory into election districts for that purpose, and 
appointing the 12th day of November for meeting of the Legislature to bo 
elected, at Burlington. 

The first Territorial Legislature was elected in September and assembled at; 
Burlington on the 12th of November, and consisted of the following members : 

Council. — Jesse B. Brown, J. Keith, E. A. M. Swazey, Arthur Ingram. 
Robert Ralston, George Hepner, Jesse J. Payne, D. B. Hughes, James M. 
Clark, Charles Whittlesey, Jonathan W. Parker, Warner Lewis, Stephen, 
Hempstead. 

House. — William Patterson, Hawkins Taylor, Calvin J. Price, James 
Brierly, James Hall, Gideon S. Bailey, Samuel Parker, James W. Grimes, 
George Temple, Van B. Delashmutt, Thomas Blair, George H. Beeler,^- 
William G. Coop, William H. Wallace, Asbury B. Porter, John Frierson, 
William L. Toole, Levi Thornton, S. C. Hastings, Robert G. Roberts, Laurel 
Summers,! Jabez A. Burchard, Jr., Chauncey Swan, Andrew Bankson, Thomas 
Cox and Hardin Nowlin. 

Notwithstanding a large majority of the members of both branches of the 
Legislature were Democrats, yet Gen. Jesse B. Browne (Whig), of Lee County, 
was elected President of the Council, and Hon. William H. Wallace (Whig), of 
Henry County, Speaker of the House of Representatives — the former unani- 
mously and the latter with but little opposition. At that time, national politics 

* Cyrus S. Jacobs, who was elected for Des Moines County, was killed in an unfortunate encounter at Burlington 
before the meeting of tlie Legislature, and Mr. Beeler was elected to fill the vacancy. 

t Samuel R. Murray was returned as elected from Clinton County, but his seat was Buccessfully contested by 
Burchard. 



176 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

were little heeded by the people of the new Territory, but in 1840, during the 
Presidential campaign, party lines were strongly drawn. 

At the election in September, 1838, for members of the Legislature, a Con- 
gressional Delegate was also elected. There were four candidates, viz. : William 
W. Chapman and David Rohrer, of Des Moines County ; B. F. Wallace, of 
Henry County, and P. H. Engle, of Dubuque County. Chapman was elected, 
receiving a majority of thirty-six over Engle. 

The first session of the Iowa Territorial Legislature was a stormy and excit- 
ing one. By the organic law, the Governor was clothed with almost unlimited 
veto power. Governor Lucas seemed disposed to make free use of it, and the 
independent Hawkeyes could not quietly submit to arbitrary and absolute rule, 
and the result was an unpleasant controversy betAveen the Executive and Legis- 
lative departments. Congress, however, by act approved March 3, 1839, 
amended the organic hiw by restricting the veto power of the Governor to the 
two-thirds rule, and took from him the power to appoint Sheriffs and Magistrates. 

Among the first important matters demanding attention was the location of 
the seat of government and provision for the erection of public buildings, for 
which Congress had appropriated $20,000. Governor Lucas, in his message, 
had recommended the appointment of Commissioners, with a view to making a 
central location. The extent of the future State of Iowa was not known or 
thought of Only on a strip of land fifty miles wide, bordering on the Missis- 
sippi River, was the Indian title extinguished, and a central location meant some 
central point in the Black Hawk Purchase. The friends of a central location 
supported the Governor's suggestion. The southern members were divided 
between Burlington and Mount Pleasant, but finally united on the latter as the 
proper location for the seat of government. The central and southern parties 
were very nearly equal, and, in consequence, much excitement prevailed. The 
central party at last triumphed, and on the 21st day of January, 1839, an act 
was passed, appointing Chauncey Swan, of Dubuque County ; John Ronalds, 
of Louisa County, and Robert Ralston, of Des Moines County, Commissioners, 
to select a site for a permanent seat of Government within the limits of John- 
son County. 

Johnson County had been created by act of the Territorial Legislature of 
Wisconsin, approved December 21, 1837, and organized by act passed at the 
special session at Burlington in June, 1838, the organization to date from July 
4th, following. Napoleon, on the Iowa River, a few miles below the future 
Iowa City, was designated as the county seat, temporarily. 

Then there existed good reason for locating the capital in the county. The 
Territory of Iowa was bounded on the north by the British Possessions ; east, by 
the Mississippi River to its source; thence by a line drawn due north to the 
northern boundary of the United States; south, by the State of Missouri, and west, 
by the Missouri and Wliite Earth Rivers. But this immense territory was in un- 
disputed possession of the Indians, except a strip on the Mississippi, known as 
the Black Hawk Purchase. Johnson County was, from north to south, in the 
geographical center of tliis purchase, and as near the east and west geographical 
center of the future State of Iowa as could then be made, as the boundary line 
between the lands of the United States and the Indians, established by the 
treaty of October 21, 1837, was immediately west of the county limits. 

Tlie Commissioners, after selecting the site, were directed to lay out 640 
acres into a town, to bo caUed Iowa City, and to proceed to sell lots and erect 
public buildings thereon, Congress liaving granted a section of land to be 
selected by the Territory for this purpose. The Commissioners met at Napo- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 17T 

leon, Johnson County, May 1, 1839, selected for a site Section 10, in Town- 
ship 79 North of Range 6 West of the Fifth Principal Meridian, and immedi- 
ately surveyed it and laid oif the town. The first sale of lots took place August 
16, 1839. The site selected for the public buildings was a little west of the 
geographical center of the section, where a square of ten acres on the elevated 
grounds overlooking the river was reserved for the purpose. The capitol is 
located in the center of this square. The second Territorial Legislature, which 
assembled in November, 1839, passed an act requiring tlie Commissioners to 
adopt such plan for the building that the aggregate cost when complete should 
not exceed $51,000, and if they had already adopted a plan involving a greater 
expenditure they were directed to abandon it. Plans for the building were designed 
and drawn by Mr. John F. Rague, of Springfield, 111., and on the 4th day of July, 
1840, the corner stone of the edifice was laid with appropriate ceremonies. 
Samuel C. Trowbridge was Marshal of the day, and Gov. Lucas delivered the 
address on that occasion. 

When the Legislature assembled at Burlington in special session, July 13, 
1840, Gov. Lucas announced that on the 4th of that month he had visited Iowa 
City, and found the basement of the capitol nearly completed. A bill author- 
izing a loan of $20,000 for the building was passed, January 15, 1841, the 
unsold lots of Iowa City being the security offered, but only $5,500 was 
obtained under the act. 

THE BOUNDARY QUESTION. 

The boundary line between the Territory of Iowa and the State of Missouri 
was a difficult question to settle in 1838, in consequence of claims arising from 
taxes and titles, and at one time civil war was imminent. In defining the 
boundaries of the counties bordering on Missouri, the Iowa authorities had fixed 
a line that has since been established as the boundary between Iowa and Mis- 
souri. The Constitution of Missouri defined her northern boundary to be the 
parallel of latitude which passes through the rapids of the Des Moines River. 
The lower rapids of the Mississippi immediately above the ixiouth of the Des 
Moines River had always been known as the Des Moines Rapids, or "the 
rapids of the Des Moines River." The Missourians (evidently not w^ell versed 
in history or geography) insisted on running the northern boundary line from 
the rapids in the Des Moines River, just below Keosauqua, thus taking from 
Iowa a strip of territory eight or ten miles Avide. Assuming this as her 
northern boundary line, Missouri attempted to exercise jurisdiction over the 
disputed territory by assessing taxes, and sending her Sheriffs to collect them by 
distraining the personal property of the settlers. The lowans, however, were 
not disposed to submit, and the Missouri officials were arrested by the Sheriffs 
of Davis and Van Buren Counties and confined in jail. Gov. Boggs, of 
Missouri, called out his militia to enforce the claim and sustain the officers of 
Missouri. Gov. Lucas called out the militia of Iowa, and both parties made 
active preparations for war. In Iowa, about 1,200 men were enlisted, and 
500 were actually armed and encamped in Van Buren County, ready to defend 
the integrity of the Territory. Subsequently, Gen. A. C. Dodge, of Burlington, 
Gen. Churchman, of Dubuque, and Dr. Clark, of Fort Madison, were sent to 
Missouri as envoys plenipotentiary, to effect, if possible, a peaceable adjustment 
of the difficulty. Upon their arrival, they found that the County Commissioners 
of Clarke County, Missouri, had rescinded their order for the collection of the taxes, 
and that Gov. Boggs had despatched messengers to the Governor of Iowa proposing 



178 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

to submit an agreed case to the Supreme Court of the United States for the 
final settlement of the boundary question. This proposition was declined, but 
afterward Congress authorized a suit to settle the controversy, Avhich was insti- 
tuted, and which resulted in a judgment for Iowa. Under this decision, 
William G. Miner, of Missouri, and Henry B. Hendershott were appointed 
Commissioners to survey and establish the boundary. Mr. Nourse remarks 
that " the expenses of the war on the part of Iowa were never paid, either by 
the United States or the Territorial Government. The patriots Avho furnished 
supplies to the troops had to l)ear the cost and charges of the struggle." 

The first legislative assembly laid the broad foundation of civil equality, on 
which has been constructed one of the most liberal governments in the Union. 
Its first act was to recognize the equality of woman with man before the law by 
providing that " no action commenced by a single woman, who intermarries 
during the pendency thereof, shall abate on account of such marriage." This prin- 
ciple has been adopted by all subsequent legislation in Iowa, and to-day woman 
has full and equal civil rights with man, except only the right of the ballot. 

Religious toleration was also secured to all, personal liberty strictly guarded, 
the rights and privileges of citizenship extended to all white persons, and the 
purity of elections secured by heavy penalties against bribery and corruption. 
The judiciary power was vested in a Supreme Court, District Court, Probate 
Court, and Justices of the Peace. Real estate was made divisible by will, and 
intestate property divided equitably among heirs. IMurder Avas made punishable 
by death, and proportionate penalties fixed for lesser crimes. A system of free 
schools, open for every class of white citizens, was established. Provision was 
made for a system of roads and highways. Thus under the territorial organi- 
zation, the country began to emerge from a savage wilderness, and take on the 
forms of civil government. 

By act of Congress of June 12, 1838, the lands which had been purchased 
of the Indians were brought into market, and land offices opened in Dubuque 
and Burlington. Congress provided for military roads and bridges, which 
greatly aided the settlers, who were now coming in by thousands, to make their 
homes on the fertile prairies of Iowa — " the Beautiful Land." The fame of the 
country had spread far and wide; even before the Indian title was extinguished, 
many were crowding the borders, impatient to cross over and stake out their 
claims on the choicest spots they could find in the new Territory. As 
soon as the country was open for settlement, the borders, the Black Hawk 
Purchase, all along the INIississipi, and up the principal rivers and streams, and 
out over the broad and rolling prairies, began to be thronged with eager land 
hunters and immigrants, seeking homes in Iowa. It was a sight to delight the 
eyes of all comers from every land — its noble streams, beautiful and picturesque 
hills and valleys, broad and fertile prairies extending as far as the eye could 
reach, with a soil surpassing in richness anything which they had ever seen. It 
is not to be wondered at that immigration into Iowa was rapid, and that within 
less than a decade from the organization of the Territory, it contained a hundred 
and fifty thousand people. 

As rapidly as the In<lian titles were extinguished and the original owners 
removed, the resistless tide of emigration flow'ed westward. The following extract 
from Judge Nourse's Centennial Address shows how the immigrants gathered 
on the Indian boundary, ready for the removal of the barrier : 

In obedience to our progressive and aggressive spirit, the Government of the United States 
made another treaty with ttie Sac and Fox Indians, on the 11th day of August, 1842, for the 
remaining portion of their land in lowra. The treaty provided that the Indians should retain 



IIISTORV OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 179 

possession of all the lands thus ceiled until May 1, 1843, and should occupy that portion of the 
ceded territory west of a line runnino; north and south through Redrock, until October 11, 184-3. 
These tribes, at this time, had their principal village at Ot-tum-wa-no, now called Ottumwa. As 
soon as it became known that the treaty had been concluded, there was a rush of immigration to 
Iowa, and a great number of temporary settlements were matle near the Indian boundary, wait- 
ing for the 1st day of May. As the day approached, hundi-eds of families encamped along the 
line, and their tents and wagons gave the scene the appearance of a military expedition. The 
country beyond had been thoroughly explored, but the United States military authorities had 
prevented any settlement or even the making out of claims by any monuments whatever. 

To aid them in making out their claims when the hour should arrive, the settlers had placed 
piles of dry wood on the rising ground, at convenient distances, and a short time before twelve 
o'clock of the night of the 30th of April, these were lighted, and when the midnight hour arrived, 
it was announced by the discharge of firearms. Tiie night was dark, but this army of occupa- 
tion pressed forward, torch in hand, with axe and hatchet, blazing lines with all manner of 
curves and angles. When daylight came and revealed the confusion of these wonderful surveys, 
numerous disputes arose, settled generally by compromise, but sometimes by violence Between 
midnight of the 30th of April and sundown of the 1st of May, over one thousand families had 
settled on their new purchase. 

While this scene was transpiring, the retreating Indians were enacting one more impressive 
and melancholy. The Winter of 1842-43 was one of unusual severity, and the Indian prophet, 
who had disapproved of the treaty, attributed the severity of the Winter to the anger of the Great 
Spirit, because they had sold their country. Many religious rites were performed to atone for 
the crime. When the time for leaving Ot-tum-wa-no arrived, a solemn silence pervaded the Indian 
camp, and the faces of their stoutest men were bathed in tears; and when their cavalcade was 
put in motion, toward the setting sun, there was a spontaneous outburst of frantic grief from the 
entire procession. 

The Indians remained the appointed time beyond the line running north and south through 
Redrock. The government established a trading post and military encampment at the Raccoon 
Fork of the Des iSIoines River, then and for many years known as Fort Des Moines. Here the 
red man lingered until the 11th of October, 1845, when the same scene that we have before 
described was re-enacted, and tlie wave of immigration swept over the remainder of the " New 
Purchase." The lands thus occupied and claimed by the settlers still belonged in fee to the Gen- 
eral Government. The surveys were not completed until some time after the Indian title was 
extinguished. After their survey, the lands were publicly proclaimed or advertised for sale at 
public auction. Under the laws of the United States, a pre-emption or exclusive right to purchase 
public lands could not be acquired until after the lands had thus been publicly offered and not 
sold for want of bidders. Then, and not until then, an occupant making improvements in good 
faith might acquire a right over others to enter the land at the minimum price of $1.2-3 per 
acre. The " claim laws" were unknown to the United States statutes. They originated in the 
" eternal fitness of things " and were enforced, probably, as belonging to that class of natural 
rights not enumerated in the constitution, and not impaired or disparaged by its enumeration. 

The settlers organized in every settlement prior to the public land sales, appointed officers, 
and adopted iheir own rules and regulations. Each man's claim was duly ascertained and 
recorded by the Secretary. It was the duty of all to attend the sales. The Secretary bid off" the 
lands of each settler at ,$1.25 per acre. The others were there, to see, first, that he did his duty 
and bid in the land, and, secondly, to see that no one else bid. This, of course, sometimes led to 
trouble, but it saved the excitement of competition, and gave a formality and degree of order 
and regularity to the proceedings they would not otherwise have attained. As far as practicable, 
the Territorial Legislature recognized the validity of these " claims " upon the public lands, and 
in 1839 passed an act legalizing their sale and making their transfer a valid consideration to sup- 
port a promise to pay for the same. (Acts of 1843, p. 436). The Supreme Territorial Court 
held this law to be valid. (See Hill v. Smith, 1st Morris Rep. 70). The opinion not only con- 
tains a decision of the question involved, but also contains much valuable erudition upon that 
" spirit of Anglo-Saxon liberty" which the Iowa settlers unquestionably inherited in a direct 
line of descent from the said " Anglo-Saxons." But the early settler was not always able to pay 
even this dollar and twenty-five cents per acre for his land. 

Many of the settlers had nothing to begin with, save their hands, health and 
courage and their family jewels, "the pledges of love," and the " consumers of 
bread." It was not so easy to accumulate money in the early days of the State, 
and the "beautiful prairies," the "noble streams," and all that sort of poetic 
imagery, did not prevent the early settlers from becoming discouraged. 

An old settler, in speaking of the privations and trials of those early days, 
says : 

Well do the "old settlers ' of Iowa remember the days from the first settlement to 1840. 
Those were days of sadness and distress. The endearments of home in another laud had been 



180 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

troken up; and all that was hallowed on earth, the home of childhood and the scenes of youth, 
we severed ; and we sat down by the gentle waters of our noble river, and often " hung our harps 
on the willows." 

Another, from another part of the State, testifies : 

There was no such thing as getting money for any kind of labor. I laid brick at $3.00 
per thousand, and took my pay in anything I could eat or wear. 1 built the first Methodist 
Church at Keokuk, 42x60 feet, of brick, for ?G00, and took my pay in a subscription paper, part 
of whicli I never collected, and upon whicli I only received $-50 00 in money. Wheat was hauled 
100 miles from the interior, and sold for oil cents per bushel. 

Another old settler, speaking of a later period, 1843, says : 

Land and everything had gone down in value to almost nominal prices. Corn and oats 
could be bought for six or ten cents a bushel ; pork, $1.00 per hundred ; and the best horse a 
man could raise sold lor $50.00, Nearly all were in debt, and the Sheriff and Constable, with 
legal processes, were common visitors at almost every man's door. These were indeed "the times 
that tried men's souls." 

"A few," says Mr. Nourse, "who were not equal to the trial, returned to 
their old homes, but such as had the courage and faith to be the worthy founders 
of a great State remained, to more than realize the fruition of their hopes, and 
the reward of their self-denial." 

On Monday, December 6, 1841, the fourth Legislative Assembly met, at 
the new capital, Iowa City, but the capitol building could not be used, and the 
Legislature occupied a temporary frame house, that had been erected for that 
purpose, during the session of 1841-2. At this session, the Superintendent of 
Public Buildings (who, with the Territorial Agent, had superseded the Commis- 
sioners first appointed), estimated the expense of completing the building at 
^83,330, and that rooms for the use of the Legislature could be completed for 
!$15,600. 

During 1842, the Superintendent commenced obtaining stone from a new" 
quarry, about ten miles northeast of the city. This is now known as the '' Old 
Capitol Quarry," and contains, it is thought, an immense quantity of excellent 
building stone. Here all the stone for completing the building was obtained, 
and it was so far completed, that on the 5th day of December, 1842, the Legis- 
lature assembled in the new capitol. At this session, the Superintendent esti- 
mated that it would cost ^39,143 to finish the building. This was nearly 
$6,000 higher than the estimate of the previous year, notwithstanding a large 
sura had been expended in the meantime. This rather discouraging dit-crep- 
ancy was accounted for by the fact that the ofiicers in charge of the work were 
constantly short of funds. Except the congressional appropriation of $20,000 
and the loan of $5,500, obtained from the Miners' Bank, of Dubuque, all the 
funds for the prosecution of the work were derived from the sale of the city 
lots (which did not sell very rapidly), from certificates of indebtedness, and from 
scrip, based upon unsold lots, which was to be received in payment for such lots 
when they were sold. At one time, the Superintendent made a requisition for 
bills of iron and glass, which could not be obtained nearer than St. Louis. To 
meet this, the Agent sold some lots tor a draft, payable at Pittsburgh, Pa., for 
which he was compelled to pay twenty-five per cent, exchange. This draft, 
amounting to $507, that officer reported to be more than one-half the cash 
actually handled by him during the entire season, when the disbursements 
amounted to very nearly $24,000. 

With such uncertainty, it could not be expected that estimates could be very 
accurate. With all these disadvantages, however, the work appears to have 
been prudently prosecuted, and as rapidly as circumstances would permit. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 181 

Iowa remained a Territory from 1838 to 184G, during which the office of 
^Governor was hekl by Robert Lucas, John Chambers and James Clarke. 



STATE ORGANIZATION. 

By an act of the Territorial Legislature of Iowa, approved February 12, 

1844, the question of the formation of a State Constitution and providing for 
the election of Delegates to a convention to be convened for that purpose was 
submitted to the people, to be voted upon at their township elections in April 
following. The vote was largely in favor of the measure, and the Delegates 
elected assembled in convention at Iowa City, on the 7th of October, 1844. 
On the first day of November following, the convention completed its work and 
adopted the first State Constitution. 

The President of the convention, Hon. Shepherd Leffler, was instructed to 
transmit a certified copy of this Constitution to the Delegate in Congress, to be 
by him submitted to that body at the earliest practicable day. It was also pro- 
vided that it should be submitted, together with any conditions or changes that 
might be made by Congress, to the people of the Territory, for their approval 
or rejection, at the township election in April, 1845. 

The boundaries of the State, as defined by this Constitution, were as fol- 
lows : 

Beginning in the middle of the channel of the Mississippi River, opposite mouth of the 
Des Moines River, thence up the said river Des Moines, in the middle of the main channel 
thereof, to a point where it is intersected by the Old Indian Boundary line, or line run by John 
C. Sullivan, in the year 1816 ; thence westwardly along said line to the " old " northwest corner 
of Missouri ; thence due west to the middle of the main channel of the Missouri River ; thence 
up in the middle of the main channel of the river last mentioned to the mouth of the Sioux or 
Calumet River; thence in a direct line to the middle of the main channel of the St. Peters River, 
where the Watonwan River — according to Nicollet's map — enters the same; thence down the 
middle of the main channel of said river to the middle of the main channel of the Mississippi 
River ; thence down the middle of the main channel of said river to the place of beginning. 

These boundaries were rejected by Congress, but by act approved March 3, 

1845, a State called Iowa was admitted into the Union, provided the people 
accepted the act, bounded as follows : 

Beginning at the mouth of the Des Moines River, at the middle of the jMississippi, thence 
by the middle of the channel of that river to a parallel of latitude passing through the mouth of 
the Mankato or Blue Earth River; thence west, along said parallel of latitude, to a point where 
it is intersected by a meridian line seventeen degrees and thirty minutes west of tlie meridian 
of Washington City ; thence due south, to the northern boundary line of the State of Missouri; 
thence eastwardly, following that boundary to the point at which the same intersects the Des 
Moines River ; thence by the middle of the channel of that river to the place of beginning. 

These boundaries, had they been accepted, would have placed the northern 
boundary of the State about tliirty miles north of its present location, and would 
have deprived it of the Missouri slope and the boundary of that river. The 
"western boundary Avould have been near the west line of what is now Kossuth 
County. But it was not so to be. In consequence of this radical and unwel- 
come change in the boundaries, the people refused to accept the act of Congress 
and rejected the Constitution at the election, held August 4, 1845, by a vote of 
7,656 to 7,235. 

A second Constitutional Convention assembled at Iowa City on the 4th day 
of May, 1846, and on the 18th of the same month another Constitution for the 
new State Avith the present boundaries, was adopted and submitted to the people 
for ratification on the 3d day of August following, -when it was accepted ; 9,492 
votes were cast "for the Constitution," and 9,036 "against the Constitution." 



182 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

The Constitution was approved by Congress, and by act of Congress approved 
December 28, 1846, Iowa Avas admitted as a sovereign State in the American 
Union. 

Prior to this action of Congress, however, the people of the new State lield 
an election under the new Constitution on the 26th day of October, and elected 
Oresel Briggs, Governor ; Elisha Cutler, Jr., Secretary of State ; Joseph T. 
Fales, Auditor ; ISIorgan Reno, Treasurer ; and members of the Senate and 
House of Representatives. 

At this time there were twenty-seven organized counties in the State, with 
a population of nearly 100,000, and the frontier settlements were rapidly push- 
ing toward the Missouri River. The Mormons had already reached there. 

The first General Assembly of the State of Iowa Avas composed of nineteen 
Senators and forty Representatives. It assembled at Iowa City, November 30,. 
1846, about a month before the State was admitted into the Union. 

At the first session of the State Legislature, the Treasurer of State reported 
that the capitol building was in a very exposed condition, liable to injury from. 
storms, and expressed the hope that some provision would be made to complete 
it, at least sufficiently to protect it from the weather. The General Assembly 
responded by appropriating $2,500 for the completion of the public buildings. 
At the first session also arose the question of the re-location of the capital. The 
western boundary of the State, as now determined, left Iowa City too far toward 
the eastern and southern boundary of the State ; this was conceded. Congress 
had appropriated five sections of land for the erection of public buildings, and 
toward the close of the session a bill was introduced providing for the re-location 
of the seat of government, involving to some extent the location of the State 
University, which had already been discussed. This bill gave rise to a deal of 
discussion and parliamentary maneuvering, almost purely sectional in its cliaracter. 
It provided for the appointment of three Commissioners, who were authorized ta 
make a location as near the geographical center of the State as a healthy and 
eligible site could be obtained ; to select the five sections of land donated by 
Congress ; to survey and plat into town lots not exceeding one section of the 
land so selected ; to sell lots at public sale, not to exceed two in each block. 
Having done tliis, they were then required to suspend further operations, and 
make a report of their proceedings to the Governor. The bill passed both 
Houses by decisive votes, received the signature of the Governor, and became a 
law. Soon after, by " An act to locate and establish a State University," 
approved February 25, 1847, the unfinished public buildings at Iowa City, 
together with the ten acres of land on which they Avere situated, were granted 
for the use of the University, reserving their use, however, by the General 
Assembly and the State officers, until other provisions were made by law. 

The Commissioners forthwith entered upon their duties, and selected four 
sections and two half sections in Jasper County. Two of these sections are in 
what is now Des Moines Township, and the others in Fairview ToAvnship, in the 
southern part of that county. These lands are situated betAveen Prairie City 
and Monroe, on the Keokuk & Des Moines Railroad, Avhich runs diagonally 
through tliem. Here a town Avas platted, called Monroe City, and a sale of 
lots took place. Four hundred and fifteen lots Avere sold, at prices that were 
not considered remarkably remunerative. The cash payments (one-fourth) 
amounted to $1, 71)7. 43, Aviiile tlie expenses of the sale and the claims of the- 
Commissioners for servi'.-es amounted to $2,206.57. The Commissioners made 
a report of their proceedings to the Governor, as required by law, but the loca- 
tion Avas generally condemned. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 183 

When the report of the Commissioners, showing this brilliant financial ope- 
ration, had been read in tlie House of Representatives, at tlie next session, and 
-while it was under consideration, an indignant member, afterward known as 
the eccentric Judge McFarland, moved to refer the report to a select Committee 
of Five, with instructions to report " how much of said city of Monroe was under 
water and how much was burned." The report was referred, without the 
instructions, however, but Monroe City never became the seat of government. 
By an act approved January 15, 1849, the law by which the location had been 
made was repealed and the new town was vacated, the money paid by purclias- 
■.ers of lots being refunded to them. This, of course, retained the seat of govern- 
ment at Iowa City, and precluded, for the time, the occupation of the building 
and grounds by the University. 

At the same session, $3,000 more were appropriated for completing the 
State building at Iowa City. In 1852, the further sum of $5,000, and in 1854 
J$4,000 more were apppropriated for the same purpose, making the whole cost 
^$123,000, paid partly by the General Government and partly by the State, but 
principally from the proceeds of the sale of lots in Iowa City. 

But the question of the permanent location of the seat of government was 
not settled, and in 1851 bills were introduced for the removal of the capital to 
Pella and to Fort Des Moines. The latter appeared to have the support of the 
majority, but was finally lost in the House on the question of ordering it to its 
third reading. 

At the next session, in 1853, a bill was introduced in the Senate for the 
Temoval of the seat of government to Fort Des Moines, and, on final vote, 
-was just barely defeated. At the next session, however, the effort was more 
.successful, and on the 15th day of January, 1855, a bill re-locating the capital 
•within two miles of the Raccoon Fork of the Des Moines, and for the appoint- 
ment of Commissioners, was approved by Gov. Grimes. The site was selected 
in 1856, in accordance -with the provisions of this act, the land being donated 
to the State by citizens and property-holders of Des Moines. An association of 
•citizens erected a building for a temporary capitol, and leased it to the State at 
a, nominal rent. 

The third Constitutional Convention to revise the Constitution of the State 
assembled at Iowa City, January 19, 1857. The new Constitution framed by 
this convention was submitted to the people at an election held August 3, 1857, 
when it was approved and adopted by a vote of 40,311 " for " to 38,681 
" against," and on the 3d day of September following was declared by a procla- 
mation of the Governor to be the supreme law of the State of Iowa. 

Advised of the completion of the temporary State House at Des Moines, on 
the 19th of October following. Governor Grimes issued another proclamation, 
■declaring the City of Des Moines to be the capital of the State of Iowa. 

The removal of the archives and offices was commenced at once and con- 
tinued through the Fall. It was an undertakino; of no small magnitude ; there 
was not a mile of railroad to facilitate the work, and the season was unusually 
disagreeable. Rain, snow and other accompaniments increased the difficulties ; 
and it was not until December, that the last of the effects — the safe of the State 
Treasurer, loaded on two large " bob-sleds " — drawn by ten yoke of oxen was de- 
posited in the new capital. It is not imprudent now to remark that, during this 
passage over hills and prairies, across rivers, through bottom lands and timber, 
the safes belonging to the several departments contained large sums of money, 
mostly individual funds, however. Thus, Iowa City ceased to be the capital of 
the State, after four Territorial Legislatures, six State Legislatures and three 



184 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Constitutional Conventions had held their sessions there. By the exchange^ 
the old capitol at Iowa City became the seat of the University, and, except the 
rooms occupied by the United States District Court, passed under the immedi- 
ate and direct control of the Trustees of that institution. 

Des Moines was now the permanent seat^ of government, made so by the 
fundamental law of the State, and on the 11th day of January, 1858, the 
seventh General Assembly convened at the new capital. The building used 
for governmental purposes was purchased in 1864. It soon became inadequate 
for the purposes for which it was designed, and it became apparent that a new, 
large and permanent State House must be erected. In 1870, the General 
Assembly made an appropriation and provided for the appointment of a Board 
of Commissioners to commence the work. The board consisted of Gov. Samuel 
Merrill, ex officio. President ; Grenville M. Dodge, Council Bluffs ; James F. 
Wilson, Fairfield; James Dawson, Washington; Simon G. Stein, Muscatine; 
James 0. Crosby, Gainsville; Charles Dudley, Agency City; John N. Dewey, 
Des Moines ; William L. Joy, Sioux City ; Alexander R. Fulton, Des Moines,. 
Secretary. 

The act of 1870 provided that the building should be constructed of the 
best material and shoukl be fire proof; to be heated and ventilated in the most 
approved manner; should contain suitable legislative halls, rooms for State 
officers, the judiciary, library, committees, archives and the collections of the 
State Agricultural Society, and for all purpoees of State Government, and 
should be erected on grounds held by the State for that purpose. The sum first 
appropriated was ^150,000 ; and the law provided that no contract should be 
made, either for constructing or furnishing the building, which should bind the' 
State for larger sums than those at the time appropriated. A design was drawn 
and plans and specifications furnished by Cochrane & Piquenard, architects, 
which were accepted by the board, and on the 23d of November, 1871, the cor- 
ner stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies. The estimated cost and present 
value of the capitol is fixed at ^2,000,000. 

From 1858 to 1860, the Sioux became troublesome in the northwestern 
part of the State. These warlike Indians made frequent plundering, raidsupon 
the settlers, and murdered several families. In 1861, several companies of 
militia were ordered to that portion of the State to hunt down and punish the 
murderous thieves. No battles were fought, however, for the Indians fled 
•when they ascertained that systematic and ade(|[uate measures had been adopted. 
to protect the settlers. 

" The year 1856 marked a new era in the history of Iowa. In 1854, the* 
Chicago & Rock Island Railroad had been completed to tlie east bank of the 
Mississippi River, opposite Davenport. In 1854, the corner stone of a railroad 
bridge, that was to be the first to span the "Father of Waters," was laid withi 
appropriate ceremonies at this point. St. Louis had resolved that the enter- 
prise was unconstitutional, and by writs of injunction made an unsuccessful 
effort to prevent its completion. Twenty years later in her history, St. Loui» 
repented her folly, and made atonement for her sin by imitating our example. 
On the 1st day of January, 1856, this railroad was completed to Iowa City> 
In the meantime, two other railroads had reached the east bank of the Missis- 
sippi — one opposite Burlington, and one opposite Dubuque — and these were 
being extended into the interior of the State. Indeed, four lines of railroad 
had been projected across the State from the Mississippi to the Missouri, hav- 
ing eastern connections. On the 15th of May, 1856, the Congress of the 
United States passed an act granting to the State, to aid in the construction of 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



185 



railroads, the public lands in alternate sections, six miles on either side of the 
proposed lines. An extra session of the General Assembly was called in July 
of this year, that disposed of the grant to the several companies that proposed 
to complete these enterprises. The population of our State at this time had 
increased to 500,000. Public attention had been called to the necessity of a 
railroad across the continent. The position of Iowa, in the very heart and 
center of the Republic, on the route of this great highway across the continent, 
began to attract attention Cities and towns sprang up through the State as 
if by magic. Capital began to pour into the State, and had it been employed 
in developing our vast coal measures and establishing manufactories among us, 
or if it had been expended in improving our lands, and building houses and 
barns, it would have been well. But all were in haste to get rich, and the 
spirit 'of speculation ruled the hour. 

" In the meantime, every effort was made to help the speedy completion of 
the railroads. Nearly every county and city on the Mississippi, and many in 
the interior, voted large corporate subscriptions to the stock of the railroad 
companies, and issued their negotiable bonds for the amount." Thus enormous 
county and city debts were incurred, the payment of which these municipalities, 
tried to avoid upon the plea that they had exceeded the constitutional limit- 
ation of their powers. The, Supreme Court of the United States held these 
bonds to be valid ; and the courts by mandamus compelled the city and county 
authorities to levy taxes to pay the judgments. These debts are not all paid 
even yet, but the Avorst is over and ultimately the burden will be entirely 
removed 

The first railroad across the State was completed to Council Bluffs in Jan- 
uary, 1871. The others were completed soon after. In 1854, there was not 
a mile of railroad in the State. In 1874, twenty years after, there were 3,765 
miles in successful operation. 

GROWTH AND PROGRESS. 

When Wisconsin Territory was organized, in 1836, the entire population of 
that portion of the Territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was 10.531. 
The Territory then embraced two counties, Dubuque and Des Moines, erected 
by the Territory of Michigan, in 1834. From 1836 to 1838, the Territorial 
Legislature of Wisconsin increased the number of counties to sixteen, and the 
population had increased to 22,859. Since then, the counties have increased 
to ninety-nine, and the population, in 1875, Avas 1,366,000. The following 
table will show the population at different periods since the erection of Iowa 
Territory : 

Year. Population. 

1852 230,713 

1854 326,013 

1856 519.055 

1859 .... 638,775 

1860 674,913 

1863 701,7:^2 

1865 754,699 

1867 902,040 

The most populous county in the State is Dubuque. Not only in popula,- 
tion, but in everything contributing to the growth and greatness of a State has 
Iowa made rapid progress. In a little more than thirty years, its wild but 
beautiful prairies have advanced from the home of the savage to a highly civ- 
ilized commonwealth, embracing all the elements of progress which characterize 
the older States. 



Year. Population. 

1838 22,589 

1840 43,115 

1844 75,152 

1846 ;i7,588 

1847 116,651 

1849 152,988 

1850 191,982 

1851 204,774 



Year. Population. 

1869 1,040,819 

1870 1,191,727 

1873 1,251,383 

1875 1,366,000 

1876 

1877 



186 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Thriving cities and towns dot its fiiir surface ; an iron net-work of thou- 
sands of miles of railroads is woven over its broad acres ; ten thousand school 
houses, in which more than five hundred thousand children are being taught 
the rudiments of education, testify to the culture and liberality of the people; 
high schools, colleges and universities are generously endowed by the State ; 
manufactories spring up on all her water courses, and in most of her cities 
and towns. 

Whether measured from the date of her first settlement, her organization as 
a Territory or admission as a State, Iowa has thus far shown a growth unsur- 
passed, in a similar period, by any commonwealth on the face of the earth ; 
and, with her vast extent of fertile soil, with her inexhaustible treasures of 
mineral wealth, with a healthful, invigorating climate ; an intelligent, liberty- 
loving people; with equal, just and liberal laws, and her free schools, the 
future of Iowa may be expected to surpass the most hopeful anticipations of her 
present citizens. 

Looking upon Iowa as she is to-day — populous, prosperous and happy — it 
is hard to realize the wonderful changes that have occurred since the first white 
settlements were made within her borders. When the number of States was 
only twenty-six, and their total population about twenty millions, our repub- 
lican form of government was hardly more than an experiment, just fairly put 
upon trial. The development of our agricultural resources and inexhaustible 
mineral wealth had liardly commenced. Westward the "Star of Empire" 
had scarcely started on its way. West of the great Mississippi was a mighty 
empire, but almost unknown, and marked on the maps of the period as " The 
Great American Desert." 

Now, thirty-eight stars glitter on our national escutcheon, and forty-five 
millions of people, who know their rights and dare maintain them, tread 
American soil, and the grand sisterhood of States extends from the Gulf of 
Mexico to the Canadian border, and from the rocky coast of the Atlantic to 
the golden shores of ihe Pacific. 

THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND FARM. 

Ames, Story County. 

The Iowa State Agricultural College and Farm were established by an act 
of the General Assembly, approved March 22, 1858. A Board of Trustees was 
appointed, consisting of Governor R. P. Lowe, John D. Wright, William Duane 
Wilson, M. W. Robinson, Timothy Day, Richard Gaines, John Pattee, G. W. 
F. Sherwin, Suel Foster, S. W. Henderson, Clement Coffin and E. G. Day ; 
the Governors of the State and President of the College being ex officio mem- 
bers. Subsequently the number of Trustees was reduced to five. The Board 
met in June, 1859, and received propositions for the location of the College and 
Farm from Hardin, Polk, Story and Boone, Marshall, Jefterson and Tama 
Counties. In July, the proposition of Story County and some of its citizens 
and by the citizens of Boone County was accepted, and the farm and the site 
for the buildings were located. In 1860-61, the farm-house and barn were 
erected. In 1862, Congress granted to the State 240,000 acres of land for the 
endowment of schools of agriculture and the mechanical arts, and 195,000 acres 
were located by Peter Melendy, Commissioner, in 1862-3. George W. Bassett 
was appointed Land Agent for the institution. In 1864, the General Assem- 
bly appropriated $20,000 for the erection of the college building. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 187 

In June of that year, the Building Committee, consisting of Suel Foster, 
Peter Melendy and A. J. Bronson, proceeded to let the contract. John Browne, 
of Des Moines, was employed as architect, and furnished the plans of the build- 
ing, but was superseded in its construction by C. A. Dunham. The $20,000 
appropriated by the General Assembly were expended in putting in the foun- 
dations and making the brick for the structure. An additional appropriation 
of $91,000 was made in 1866, and the building was completed in 1868. 

Tuition in this college is made by law forever free to pupils from the State 
•over sixteen years of age, who have been resident of the State six months pre- 
vious to their admission. Each county in the State has a prior right of tuition 
for three scholars from each county ; the remainder, equal to the capacity of the 
college, are by the Trustees distributed among the counties in proportion to the 
population, and subject to the above rule. All sale of ardent spirits, wine or 
beer are prohibited by law within a distance of three miles from the college, 
except for sacramental, mechanical or medical purposes. 

The course of instruction in the Agricultural College embraces the following 
branches: Natural Philosophy. Chemistry, Botany, Horticulture, Fruit Growing, 
Forestry, Animal and Vegetable Anatomy, Geology, Mineralogy, Meteorology, 
Entomology, Zoology, the Veterinary Art, Plane Mensuration, Leveling, Sur- 
veying, Bookkeeping, and such Mechanical Arts as are directly connected 
with agriculture ; also such other studies as the Trustees may from time to time 
prescribe, not inconsistent with the purposes of the institution. 

The funds arising from the lease and sale of lands and interest on invest- 
ments are sufficient for the support of the institution. Several College Societies 
are maintained among the students, who publish a monthly paper. There is 
also an " out-law " called the " ATA^ Chapter Omega." 

The Board of Trustees in 1877 was composed of C. W. Warden, Ottumwa, 
Chairman ; Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Iowa City ; William B. Treadway, 
Sioux City ; Buel Sherman, Fredericksburg, and Laurel Summers, Le Claire. 
E. W. Starten, Secretary ; William D. Lucas, Treasurer. 

Board of Instruction. — A. S. Welch, LL. D., President and Professor of 
Psychology and Philosophy of Science ; Gen. J. L. Geddes, Professor of Mili- 
tary Tactics and Engineering; W. H. Wynn, A. M., Ph. D., Professor of 
English Literature; C. E. Bessey, M. S., Professor of Botany, Zoology, Ento- 
mology ; A. Thompson, C. E., Mechanical Engineering and Superintendent of 
Workshops; F. E. L. Beal, B. S., Civil Engineering; T. E. Pope, A. M., 
Chemistry; M. Stalker, Agricultural and Veterinary Science; J. L. Budd, 
Horticulture ; J. K. Macomber, Physics ; E. W. Stanton, Mathematics and 
Political Economy ; Mrs. Margaret P. Stanton, Preceptress, Instructor in 
French and Mathematics. 

THE STATE UNIVERSITY. 

Iowa City, Johnson County. 

In the famous Ordinance of 1787, enacted by Congress before the Territory 
of the United States extended beyond the Mississippi Biver, it was declared 
that in all the territory northwest of the Ohio River, "• Schools and the means 
of education shall forever be encouraged." By act of Congress, approved July 
20, 1840, the Secretary of the Treasury was authorized " to set apart and re- 
serve from sale, out of any of the public lands within the Territory of Iowa, to 
which the Indian title has been or may be extinguished, and not otherwise ap- 
propriated, a quantity of land, not exceeding the entire townships, for the use 



188 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and support of a university within said Territorry wlien it becomes a State, and 
for no other use or purpose whatever ; to be located in tracts of not less than an 
entire section, corresponding -with any of the large divisions into which the pub- 
lic land are authorized to be surveyed." 

William W. Dodge, of Scott County, was appointed by the Secretary of the 
Treasury to make the selections. He selected Section 5 in Township 78, north 
of Range 3, east of the Fifth Principal Meridian, and then removed from the 
Territory. No more lands Avere selected until 1846, when, at the request of the 
Assembly, John M. Whitaker of Van Buren County, was appointed, who selected 
the remainder of the grant except about 122 acres. 

In the first Constitution, undeif which Iowa Avas admitted to the Union, the 
people directed the disposition of the proceeds of this munificent grant in ac- 
cordance Avitli its terms, and instructed the General Assembly to provide, as soon 
as may be, effectual means for the improvement and permanent security of the 
funds of the university derived from the lands. 

The first General Assembly, by act approved February 25, 1847, established 
the " State University of Iowa " at Iowa City, then the capital of the State, 
"with such other branches as public convenience may hereafter require." 
The " public buildings at Iowa City, together with the ten acres of land in which 
they are situated," Avere granted for the use of said university, provided, how- 
ever, that the sessions of the Legislature and State offices should be lield in the 
capitol until otherAvise provided by laAv. The control and management of the 
University were committed to a board of fifteen Trustees, to be appointed by the 
Legislature, five of Avhom Avere to be chosen bienially. The Superintendent 
of Public Instruction was made President of this Board. Provisions were made 
for the disposal of the tAvo townships of land, and for the investment of the funds 
arising therefrom. The act further provides that the University shall never be 
under the exclusive control of any religious denomination whatever," and as 
soon as the revenue for the grant and donations amounts to $2,000 a year, the 
University should commence and continue the instruction, free of charge, of fifty 
students annually. The General Assembly retained full supervision over the 
University, its officers and the grants and donations made and to be made to it 
by the State. 

Section 5 of the act appointed James P. Carleton, H. T>. Downey, Thomas 
Snyder, Samuel McCrory, Curtis Bates, Silas Foster, E. C. Lyon, James H. 
GoAver, George G. Vincent, Wm. G. Woodward, Theolore S. Parvin, George 
Atchinson, S. G. Matson, H. W. Starr and Ansel Briggs, the first Board of 
Trustees. 

The organization of the University at' Iowa City was impracticable, how- 
ever, so long as the seat of government A\'as retained there. 

In January, 1849, two branches of the University and three Normal 
Schools Avere established. The branches were located — one at Fairfield, and 
the other at Dubuque, and Avere placed upon an equal footing, in respect to 
funds and all other matters, with the University established at Iowa City. 
"Tiiis act," says Col. Benton, "created three State Universities, Avith equal 
rights and poAvers, instead of a 'University Avith such branches as public conven- 
ience ma)/ hereafter demand,' as provided by the Constitution." 

The Board of Directors of the Fairfield Branch consisted of Barnet Ris- 
tine, Christian W. Slagle, Daniel Rider, Horace Gaylord, Bernhart Henn and 
Samuel S. Bayard. At the first meeting of the Board, Mr. Henn was elected 
President, Mr. Slagle Secretary, and Air. Gaylord Treasurer. Twenty acres 
of land Avere purchased, and a building erected thereon, costing $2,500. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 189' 

This building was nearly destroyed by a hurricane, in 1850, but was rebuilt 
more substantially, all by contributions of the citizens of Fairfield. This 
branch never received any aid from the State or from the University Fund, 
and by act approved January 24, 1853, at the request of the Board, the Gen- 
eral Assembly terminated its relation to the State. 

The branch at Dubuque was placed under the control of the Superintendent 
of Public Instruction, and John King, Caleb H. Booth, James M. Emerson, 
Michael J. Sullivan, Richard Benson and the Grovernor of the State as 
Trustees. The Trustees never organized, and its existence was only nominal. 

The Normal Schools were located at Andrew, Oskaloosa and Mount 
Pleasant, respectively. Each was to be governed by a board of seven Trustees, to 
be appointed by the Trustees of the University. Each was to receive ^500 annu- 
ally from the income of the University Fund, upon condition that they should ed- 
ucate eight common school teachers, free of charge for tuition, and that the citizens- 
should contribute an equal sum for the erection of the requisite buildings. 
The several Boards of Trustees were appointed. At Andrew, the school was 
organized Nov. 21, 1849; Samuel Ray, Principal; Miss J. S. Dorr, Assist- 
ant. A building was commenced and over $1,000 expended on it, but it was 
never completed. At Oskaloosa, the Trustees organized in April, 1852. This 
school was opened in the Court House, September 13, 1852, under the charge 
of Prof. G. M. Drake and wife. A two story brick building was completed in 
1853, costing $2,473. The school at Mount Pleasant was never organized. 
Neither of these schools received any aid from the University Fund, but in 
1857 the Legislature appropriated $1,000 each for those at Oskaloosa and 
Andrew, and repealed the law authorizing the payment of money to them from 
the University Fund. From that time they made no further effort to 
continue in operation. 

At a special meeting of the Board of Trustees, held February 21, 1850,. 
the " College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Upper Mississippi," established 
at Davenport, was recognized as the " College of Physicians and Surgeons of 
the State University of Iowa," expressly stipulating, however, that such recog- 
nition should not render the University liable for any pecuniary aid, nor was 
the Board to have any control over the property or management of the Medical 
Association. Soon after, this College was removed to Keokuk, its second ses- 
sion being opened there in November, 1850. In 1851, the General Assembly 
confirmed the action of the Board, and by act approved January 22, 1855, 
placed the Medical College under the supervision of the Board of Trustees of 
the University, and it continued in operation until this arrangement was termi- 
nated by the new Constitution, September 3, 1857. 

From 1847 to 1855, the Board of Trustees was kept full by regular elec- 
tions by the Legislature, and the Trustees held frequent meetings, but there was 
no effectual organization of the University. In March, 1855, it was partially 
opened for a term of sixteen weeks. July 16, 1855, Amos Dean, of Albany, 
N. Y., was elected President, but he never entered fully upon its duties. The- 
University was again opened in September, 1855, and continued in operation 
until June, 1856, under Professors Johnson, Welton, Van Valkenburg and 
Guflfin. 

In the Spring of 1856, the capital of the State was located at Des Moines; 
but there were no buildings there, and the capitol at Iowa City was not vacated 
by the State until December, 1857. 

In June, 1856, the faculty was re-organized, with some changes, and the 
University was again opened on the third Wednesday of September, 1856.. 



190 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

There were one hundred and twenty-four students — eighty-three males and 
forty-one females — in attendance during the year 1856-7, and the first regular 
catalogue was published. 

At a special meeting of the Board, September 22, 1857, the honorary de- 
gree of Bachelor of Arts Avas conferre i on D. Franklin Wells. This was the 
first degree conferred by the Board. 

Article IX, Section 11, of the new State Constitution, which went into force 
September 3, 1857, provided as follows : 

The State TJniversity shall be estahlished at one place, without branches at any other place ; 
.and the University fund shall be applied to that institution, and no other. 

Article XI, Section 8, provided that 

The seat of Government is hereby permanently established, as now fixed by law, at the city 
•of Des Moines, in the county of Polk ; and the State University at Iowa City, in the county of 
Johnson. 

The new Constitution created the Board of Education, consisting of the 
Lieutenant Governor, who was ex ofiicio President, and one member to be elected 
from each judicial district in the State. ' This Board was endowed with 
"full power and authority to legislate and make all needful rules and regula- 
tions in relation to common schools and other educational institutions," subject 
to alteration, amendment or repeal by the General Assembly, Avhich was vested 
with authority to abolish or re-organize the Board at any time after 1863. 

In December, 1857, the old capitol building, now known as Central Hall of 
the University, except the rooms occupied by the United States District Court, 
and the property, with that exception, passed under tlie control of the Trustees, 
and became the seat of the University. The old building had had hard usage, 
and its arrangement was illy adapted for University purposes. Extensive repairs 
and changes were necessary, but the Board was without funds for these pur- 
poses. 

The last meeting of the Board, under the old law, was held in January, 
1858. At this meeting, a resolution was introduced, and seriously considered, 
to exclude females from the University; but it finally failed. 

March 12, 1858, the first Legislature under the new Constitution enacted 
a new law in relation to the University, but it was not materially difl'erent from 
the former. March 11, 1858, the Legislature appropriated $3,000 for the re- 
pair and modification of the old capitol building, and $10,000 for the erection 
of a boarding house, now known as South Hall. 

The Board of Trustees created by the new law met and duly organized 
April 27, 1858, and determined to close the University until the income from its 
fund should be adequate to meet the current expenses, and the buildings should 
be ready for occupation. Until this term, the building known as the " Mechan- 
ics' Academy" had been used for the school. The Faculty, except the Chan- 
cellor (Dean ), was dismissed, and all further instruction suspended, from the close 
of the term then in progress until September, 1859. At this meeting, a reso- 
lution was adopted excluding females from the University after the close of the 
existing term ; but this was aiterward, in August, modified, so as to admit them 
to the Normal Department. 

At the meeting of the Board, August 4, 1858, the degree of Bachelor of 
Science was conferred upon Dexter Edson Smith, being tiie first degiee con- 
ferred upon a student of the University. Diplomas Avere awarded to the mem- 
bers of the first gradiuiting class of the Normal Department as follows : Levi 
P. Aylworth, Cellina II. Aylworth, Elizabeth L. Humphrey, Annie A. Pinney 
and Sylvia M. Thompson. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 191 

An "Act for the Government and Regulation of the State University of 
Iowa," approved December 25, 1858, was mainly a re-enactment of the law of 
March 12, 1858, except that changes were made in the Board of Trustees, and 
manner of their appointment. This law provided that both sexes were to be 
admitted on equal terms to all departments of the institution, leaving the Board 
no discretion in the matter. 

The uew Board met and organized, February 2, 1859, and decided to con- 
tinue the Normal Department only to the end of the current term, and that it 
was unwise to re-open the University at that time; but at the annual meeting 
of the Board, in June of the same year, it was resolved to continue the Normal 
Department in operation ; and at a special meeting, October 25, 1859, it was 
decided to re-open the University in September, 1860. Mr. Dean had resigned' 
as Chancellor prior to this meeting, and Silas Totten, D. D., LL. D., was elected 
President, at a salary of $2,000, and his term commenced June, 1860. 

At the annual meeting, June 28, 1860, a full Faculty Avas appointed, and 
the University re-opened, under this new organization, September 19, 1860 
(third Wednesday) ; and at this date the actual existence of the University may- 
be said to commence. 

August X9, 1862, Dr. Totten having resigned. Prof. Oliver M. Spencer 
was elected President and the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred 
upon Judge Samuel F. Miller, of Keokuk. 

At the commencement, in June, 1863, was the first class of graduates in 
the Collegiate Department. 

The Board of Education was abolished March 19, 1864, and the office of" 
Superintendent of Public Instruction was restored ; the General Assembly 
resumed control of the subject of education, and on March 21, an act was ap- 
proved for the government of the University. It was substantially the same as 
the former law, but provided that the Governor should be ex officio President of 
the Board of Trustees. Until 1858, the Superintendent of Public Instruction 
had been ex officio President, During the period of the Board of Education^ 
the University Trustees were elected by it, and elected their own President. 

President Spencer was granted leave of absence from April 10, 1866, for 
fifteen months, to visit Europe; and Prof. Nathan R. Leonard was elected 
President pro tern. 

The North Hall was completed late in 1866. 

At the annual meeting in June, 1867, the resignation of President Spencer 
(absent in Europe) was accepted, and Prof. Leonard continued as President joro- 
tern., until March 4, 1868, when James Black, D. D., Vice President of Wash- 
ington and Jefferson College, Penn., was elected President. Dr. Black entered 
upon his duties in September, 1868. 

The Law Departmentwas established in June, 1868, and, in September fol- 
lowing, an arrangement was perfected with the loAva Law School, at Des Moines, 
which had been in successful operation for three years, under the management 
of Messrs. George G. Wright, Chester C. Cole and William G. Hammond, by 
which that institution was transferred to Iowa City and merged in the Law De- 
partment of the University. The Faculty of this department consisted of the 
President of the University, Hon. Wm. G. Hammond, Resident Professor and 
Principal of the Department, and Professors G. G. Wright and C. C. Cole. 

Nine students entered at the commencement of the first term, and during 
the year ending June, 1877, there were 103 students in this department. 

At a special meeting of the Board, on the 17th of September, 1868, a Com- 
mittee was appointed to consider the expediency of establishing a Medical De- 



192 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

partment. This Committee reported at once in favor of the proposition, the 
Faculty to consist of the President of the University and seven Professors, and 
recommended that, if practicable, the new department should be opened at the 
commencement of the University year, in 1869-70. At this meeting, Hon. 
Ezekiel Clark was elected Treasurer of the University. 

By an act of the General Assembly, approved April 11, 1870, the "Board 
of Regents " was instituted as the governing power of the University, and since 
that time it has been the fundamental law of the institution. The Board of 
Regents held its first meeting June 28, 1870. Wm. J. Haddock was elected 
Secretary, and Mr, Clark, Treasurer. 

Dr. Black tendered his resignation as President, at a special meeting of the 
Board, held AugusC 18, 1870, to take effect on the 1st of December following. 
His resignation was accepted. 

The South Hall having been fitted up for the purpose, the first term of the 
Medical Department Avas opened October 21, 1870, and continued until March, 
1871, at which time there were three graduates and thirty-nine students. 

March 1, 1871, Rev. George Thacher was elected President of the Univer- 
sity. Mr. Thacher accepted, entered upon his duties April 1st, and was form- 
ally inaugurated at the annual meeting in June, 18G1. 

In June, 1874, the '' Chair of Military Instruction" was established, and 
the President of the United States was requested to detail an officer to perform 
its duties. In compliance with this request, Lieut. A. D. Schenck, Second Artil- 
lery, U. S. A., was detailed as "Professor of Military Science and Tactics," 
at Iowa State University, by order of the War Department, August 26, 1874, 
who reported for duty on the 10th of September following. Lieut. Schenck 
was relieved by Lieut. James Chester, Third Artillery, January 1, 1877. 

Treasurer Clark resigned November 3, 1870, and John N. Coldren elected 
in his stead. 

At the annual meeting, in 1876, a Department of Homoeopathy was 
established. 

In March, 1877, a resolution was adopted affiliating the High Schools of 
the State Avith the University. 

In June, 1877, Dr. Thacher's connection with the L^niversity was termi- 
nated, and C. W. Slagle, a member of tiie Board of Regents, was elected Pres- 
ident. 

In 1872, the ex officio membership of the Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion was abolished ; but it was restored in 1876. Following is a catalogue of 
the officers of this important institution, from 1847 to 1878 : 

TRUSTEES OR REGENTS. 

PRESIDENTS. 

FROM TO 

Jfirncs Ilarlrtri, Superintendent Pulilic Instrnction, ex ofTicio 1847 1848 

Thomas II. Kenton, .Tr,, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1843 1854 

James D. Kads, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex oflicio 1854 1857 

Maturin L. Fisher, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex oflBcio 1857 1858 

Amos Dean, Chancellor, ex officio 1858 1859 

Thomas H. Benton, Jr 18")!» 1803 

Francis Springer 18r.8 1864 

William M. Stone, Governor, ex officio 18*54 18G8 

Samuel Morrill, (iovernor, ex officio 18G8 1872 

Cyrus C. Carpenter, (iovernor, ex officio 1872 1876 

Samuel J. Kirkwood, Governor, ex oflicio I?i70 1877 

Joshua G. Newbold, Governor, ex officio 1877 1878 

John H. Gear 1878 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 193 

VICE rRESIDENTS. FROM TO 

Silas Foster 1847 1851 

Robert Lucas 1851 1853 

Edward Connelly 1854 1855 

Moses J. Morsman 1855 1858 

SECRETARIES. 

Hugh D. Downey 1847 1851 

Anson Hart 1851 1857 

Elijah Sells 1857 1858 

Anson Hart 1858 1864 

William J. Haddock 1864 

TREASURERS. 

Morgan Reno, State Treasurer, ex officio 1847 1850 

Israel Kister, State Treasurer, ex officio 1850 1852 

Martin L. Morris, State Treasurer, ex officio 1852 1855 

Henry AV. Lathrop 1855 1862 

William Crum 1862 1868 

Ezekiel Clark 1868 1876 

John N. Coldren 1876 

rRESIDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY. 

Amos Dean, LL. D 1855 1858 

Silas Totten, D. D., LL. D 1860 1862 

Oliver M. Spencer, D. D.* '. 1862 1867 

James Black, D. D 1868 1870 

George Thacher, D. D 1871 1877 

C. W. Slagle 1877 

The present educational corps of the University consists of the President, 
nine Professors in the Collegiate Department, one Professor and six Instructors 
in Military Science ; Chancellor, three Professors and four Lecturers in the 
Law Department ; eight Professor Demonstrators of Anatomy ; Prosector of 
Surgery and two Lecturers in the Medical Department, and two Professors in 
the Homoeopathic Medical Department. 

STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

By act of the General Assembly, approved January 28, 1857, a State His- 
torical Society was provided for in connection with the University. At the 
commencement, an appropriation of $250 was made, to be expended in collecting, 
embodying, and preserving in an authentic form a library of books, pamphlets, 
charts, maps, manuscripts, papers, paintings, statuary, and other materials illus- 
trative of the history of Iowa; and with the further object to rescue from 
oblivion the memory of the early pioneers ; to obtain and preserve various 
accounts of their exploits, perils and hardy adventures ; to secure facts and 
statements relative to the history and genius, and progress and decay of the 
Indian tribes of Iowa; to exhibit faithfully the antiquities and past and present 
resources of the State ; to aid in the publication of such collections of the Society 
as shall from time to time be deemed of value and interest ; to aid in binding 
its books, pamphlets, manuscripts and papers, and in defraying other necessary 
incidental expenses of the Society. 

There Avas appropriated by law to this institution, till the General Assembly 
shall otherwise direct, the sum of $500 per annum. The Society is under the 
management of a Board of Curators, consisting of eighteen persons, nine of 
whom are appointed by the Governor, and nine elected by the mqmbers of the 
Society. The Curators receive no compensation for their services. The annual 



194 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

meeting is provided for by law, to be held at Iowa City on Monday preceding 
the last AVednesday in June of each year. 

The State Historical Society has published a scries of very valuable collec- 
tions, including history, tiograjjhy, sketches, reminiscences, etc., with quite a 
large number of finely engraved portraits of prominent and early settlers, under 
the title of " Annals of Iowa." 



THE PENITENTIARY. 

Located at Fort Madison, Lee County. 

The first act of the Territorial Legislature, relating to a Penitentiary in 
Iowa, was approved January 25, 1839, the fifth section of which authorized the 
Governor to draw the sum of $20,000 appropriated by an act of Congress ap- 
proved July 7, 1838, for public buildings in the Territory of Iowa. It provided 
for a Board of Directors of three persons elected by the Legislature, who should 
direct the building of the Penitentiary, which should be located within one mile 
of the public square, in the town of Fort Madison, Lee County, provided Fort 
Madison should deed to the directors a tract of land suitable for a site, and assign 
them, by contract, a spring or stream of water for the use of the Penitentiary. 
To the Directors was also given the power of appointing the Warden ; the latter 
to appoint Jiis own assistants. 

The first Directors appointed were John S. David and John Claypole. They 
made their first report to the Legislative Council November 9, 1839. The citi- 
zens of the town of Fort Madison had executed a deed conveying ten Jicres of 
land for the building site. Amos Ladd was appointed Superintendent of the 
building June O, 1839, The building was designed of sufficient capacity to con- 
tain one hundred and thirty-eight convicts, and estimated to cost $55,933.90. 
It was begun on the 9th of July, 1839 ; the main building and Warden's house 
were completed in the Fall of 1841. Other additions were made from time to 
time till the building and arrangements were all complete according to the plan 
of the Directors. It has answered the purpose of the State as a Penitentiary 
for more than thirty years, and during that period many items of practical ex- 
perience in prison management have been gained. 

It has long been a problem how to conduct prisons, and deal with what are 
called the criminal classes generally, so as to secure their best good and best 
subserve the interests of the State. Both objects must be taken into considera- 
tion in any humaritarian view of the subject. This problem is not yet solved, 
but Iowa has adopted the progressive and enlightened policy of humane treat- 
ment of prisoners and the utilization of their labor for their own support. Tiie 
labor of the convicts in the Iowa Penitentiary, as in most others in the United 
States, is let out to contractors, who pay the State a certain stipulated amount 
therefor, the State furnishing the shops, tools and machinery, as wtll as the 
supervision necessary to preserve order and discipline in the prison. 

While this is an improvement upon the old solitary confinement system, it 
still falls short of an enlightened reformatory system that in the future will 
treat the criminal for mental disease and endeavor to restore him to usefulness 
in the community. The objections urged against the contract system of dis- 
posing of the labor of prisoners, that it brings the labor of honest citizens into 
competition with convict labor at reduced prices, and is disadvantageous to the 
State, are not without force, and the system will have no place in the prisons of 
the future. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 195 

It is right that the convict should labor. He should not be allowed to live 
in idleness at public expense. Honest men labor ; why should not they? Hon- 
est men are entitled to the fruits of their toil ; why should not the convict as 
well ? The convict is sent to the Penitentiary to secure public safety. The 
State deprives him of his liberty to accomplish this purpose and to punish him 
for violations of law, but, having done this, the State wrongs both itself and the 
criminal by confiscating his earnings ; because it deprives his family of what 
justly belongs to them, and an enlightened civilization will ere long demand 
that the prisoner in the penitentiary, after paying a fair price for his board, is 
as justly entitled to his net earnings as the good citizen outside its walls, and 
his family, if he has one, should be entitled to draw his earnings or stated portion 
of them at stated periods. If he has no family, then if his net earnings should 
be set aside to his credit and paid over to him at the expiration of his term of 
imprisonment, he would not be turned out upon the cold charities of a somewhat 
Pharisaical world, penniless, with the brand of the convict upon his brow, with 
no resource save to sink still deeper in crime. Let Iowa, " The Beautiful Land," 
be first to recognize the rights of its convicts to the fruits of their labor ; keep 
their children from the alms-house, and place a powerful incentive before them 
to become good citizens when they return to the busy world again. 



ADDITIONAL PENITENTIARY. 

Located at Anamosa, Jones County. 

By an act of the Fourteenth General Assembly, approved April 23, 1872, 
William Ure, Foster L. Downing and Martin Heisey were constituted Commis- 
sioners to locate and provide for the erection and control of an additional 
Penitentiary for the State of Iowa. These Commissioners met on the 4th of 
the following June, at Anamosa, Jones County, and selected a site donated by 
the citizens, within the limits of the city. L. W. Foster & Co., architects, of 
Des Moines, furnished the plan, drawings and specifications, and work was 
commenced on the building on the 28th day of September, 1872. May 13, 
1873, twenty convicts were transferred to Anamosa from the Fort Madison 
Penitentiary. The entire enclosure includes fifteen acres, with a frontage of 
663 feet. i 

IOWA HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. 

Mount Pleasant, Henry County. 

By an act of the General Assembly of Iowa, approved January 24, 1855, 
$4,425 were appropriated for the purchase of a site, and $50,000 for building 
an Insane Hospital, and the Governor (Grimes), Edward Johnston, of Lee 
County, and Charles S. Blake, of Henry County, were appointed to locate the 
institution and superintend the erection of the building. These Commission- 
ers located the institution at Mt. Pleasant, Henry County. A plan for a 
building designed to accommodate 300 patients, drawn by Dr. Bell, of Massa- 
chusetts, was accepted, and in October work was commenced under the superin- 
tendence of Mr. Henry Winslow. Up to February 25, 1858, and including an 
appropriation made on that date, the Legislature had appropriated $258,555.67 
to this institution, but the building was not finished ready for occupancy by 
patients until March 1, 1861. The Trustees were Maturin L. Fisher, Presi- 
dent, Farmersburg; Samuel McFarland, Secretary, Mt. Pleasant; D. L. 



19(i HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

McGugin, Keokuk; G. W, Kincaid, Muscatine; J. D. Elbert, Keosauqua; 
John B. Lash and Harpin Riggs, Mt. Pleasant. Richard J. Patterson, M. D., 
of Ohio, was elected Superintendent; Dwight C. Dewej, M. D., Assistant 
Physician; Henry Winslow, Steward; Mrs. Catharine Winslow, Matron. 
The Hospital was formally opened March 6, 18G1, and one hundred patients 
were admitted within three months. About 1865, Dr. Mark Ranney became 
Superintendent. April 18, 1876, a portion of the hospital building was 
destroyed by fire. From the opening of the Hospital to the close of October, 
1877, 3,584 patients had been admitted. Of these, 1,141 were discharged 
recovered, 505 discharged improved, 589 discharged unimproved, and 1 died ; 
total discharged, 2,976, leaving 608 inmates. During this period, there were 
1,384 females admitted, whose occupation was registered "domestic duties ;" 
122, no occupation; 25, female teachers; 11, seamstresses; and 25, servants. 
Among the males were 916 farmers, 394 laborers, 205 without occupation, 39 
cabinet makers, 23 brewers, 31 clerks, 26 merchants, 12 preachers, 18 shoe- 
makers, 13 students, 14 tailors, 13 teachers, 14 agents, 17 masons, 7 lawyers, 
7 physicians, 4 saloon keepers, 3 salesmen, 2 artists, and 1 editor. The pro- 
ducts of the farm and garden, in 1876, amounted to $13,721.26. 

Trustees, 1877 :—'£. Whiting, President, Mt. Pleasant; Mrs. E. M. Elliott, 
Secretary, Mt. Pleasant; William C. Evans, West Liberty; L. E. Fellows, 
Lansing ; and Samuel Klein, Keokuk ; Treasurer, M. Edwards, Mt. Pleasant. 

Resident Officers: — Mark Ranney, M. D., Medical Superintendent; H. M. 
Bassett, M. D., First Assistant Physician; M. Riordan, M. D., Second Assistant 
Physician; Jennie McCowen, M. D., Third Assistant Physician ; J. W. Hender- 
son, Steward ; Mrs. Martha W^. Ranney, Matron ; Rev. Milton Sutton, 
Chaplain. 

HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. 

Independence, Buchanan Counts/. 

In the Winter of 1867-8, a bill providing for an additional Hospital for the 
Insane was passed by the Legislature, and an appropriation of $125,000 was 
made for that purpose. Maturin L. Fisher, of Clayton County ; E. G. Morgan, 
of Webster County, and Albert Clark, of Buchanan County, were appointed 
Commissioners to locate and supervise the erection of the Building. Mr. Clark 
died about a year after his appointment, and Hon. G. W. Bemis, of Indepen- 
dence, was appointed to fill the vacancy. 

The Commissioners met and commenced their labors on the 8th day of 
June, 1868, at Independence. The act under which they were appointed 
required them to select the most eligible and desirable location, of not loss than 
320 acres, within two miles of the city of Independence, that might be offered 
by the citizens free of charge to the State, Several such tracts were offered, 
but the Commissioners finally selected the south half of southwest quarter of 
Section 5 ; the north half of northeast quarter of Section 7 ; the north half of 
northwest quarter of Section 8, and the north half of northeast quarter of Sec- 
tion 8, all in Township 88 north. Range 9 Avest of the Fifth Principal Meridian. 
This location is on the west side of the Wapsipinicon River, and about a mile 
from its banks, and about the same distance from Independence. 

Col. S. V. Shipman, of Madison, Wis., was employed to prepare plans, 
specifications and drawings of the building, which, when completed, were sub- 
mitted to Dr. M. Ranney, Superintendent of the Hospital at Mount Pleasant, 
who suggested several improvements. The contract for erecting the building 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 197 

was awarded to Mr. David Armstrong, of Dubuque, for $88,114. The con- 
tract was signed November 7, 18G8, and Mr. Armstrong at once commenced 
work. Mr. George Josselyn was appointed to superintend the work. The 
main buildings Avere constructed of dressed limestone, from the quarries at 
Anamosa and Farley. The basements are of the local granite worked from the 
immense boulders found in large quantities in this portion of the State. 

In 1872, the building was so far completed that the Commissioners called 
the first meeting of the Trustees, on the 10th day of July of that year. These 
Trustees were Maturin L. Fisher, Mrs. P. A. Applcman, T. W'. Fawcett, C. 
€. Parker, E. G. Morgan, George W. Bemis and John M. Boggs. This board 
was organized, on the day above mentioned, by the election of Hon. M, L. 
Fisher, President; Rev. J. G. Boggs, Secretary, and George W. Bemis, Treas- 
urer, and, after adopting preliminary measures for organizing the local govern- 
ment of the hospital, adjourned to the first Wednesday of the following Septem- 
ber. A few days before this meeting, Mr. Boggs died of malignant fever, 
and Dr. John G. House was appointed to fill the vacancy. Dr. House was 
elected Secretary. At this meeting, Albert Reynolds, M. D., was elected 
Superintendent; George Josselyn, Steward, and Mrs. Anna B. Josselyn, 
Matron. September 4, 1873, Dr. Willis Butterfield was elected Assistant 
Physician. The building was ready for occupancy April 21, 1873. 

In the Spring of 1876, a contract was made with Messrs. Mackay & Lundy, 
of Independence, for furnishing materials for building the outside walls of the 
two first sections of the south wing, next to the center building, for |G,250. 
The carpenter work on the fourth and fifth stories of the center building was 
completed during the same year, and the wards were furnished and occupied by 
patients in the Fall. 

In 1877, the south wing was built, but it will not be completed ready for 
occupancy until next Spring or Summer (1878). 

October 1, 1877, the Superintendent reported 322 patients in this hospital, 
and it is now overcrowded. 

The Board of Trustees at present (1878) are as follows : Maturin L. 
Fisher, President, Farmersburg ; John G. House, M. D., Secretary, Indepen- 
dence ; Wm. G. Donnan, Treasurer, Independence ; Erastus G. Morgan, Fort 
Dodge ; Mrs. Prudence A. Appleman, Clermont ; and Stephen E. Robinson, 
M. D., West Union. 

RESIDENT OFFICERS. 

Albert Reynolds, M. D., Superintendent ; G. H. Hill, M. D., Assistant 
Physician; Noyes Appleman, Steward; Mrs. Lucy M. Gray, Matron. 

IOWA COLLEGE FOR THE BLIND. 

Vinton, Benton County. 

In August, 1852, Prof. Samuel Bacon, himself blind, established an Insti- 
tution for the Instruction of the Blind of Iowa, at Keokuk. 

By act of the General Assembly, entitled " An act to establish an Asylum 
for the Blind," approved January 18, 1853, the institution was adopted by the 
State, removed to Iowa City, February 3d, and opened for the reception of pupils 
April 4, 1853, free to all the blind in the State. 

The first Board of Trustees were James D. Fads, President ; George W. 
McClary, Secretary ; James H. Gower, Treasurer ; Martin L. Morris, Stephen 
Hempstead, Morgan Reno and John McCaddon. The Board appointed Prof. 



198 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Samuel Bacon, Principal ; T. J. McGittigen, Teacher of Music, and Mrs. Sarah 
K. Bacon, Matron. Twenty-three pupils were admitted during the first term. 

In his first report, made in 18r)4, Prof. Bacon suggested that the name 
should be changed from "Asylum for the Blind," to that of "Institution for 
the Instruction of the Blind." This was done in 1855, when the General As- 
sembly made an annual appropriation for the College of $55 per quarter for 
each pupil. This was subsequently changed to $3,000 per annum, and a charge 
of $25 as an admission fee for each pupil, Avhich sum, with the amounts realized 
from the sale of articles manufactured by the blind pupils, proved sufficient for 
the expenses of the institution during Mr. Bacon's administration. Although 
Mr. Bacon was blind, he was a fine scholar and an economical manager, and 
had founded the Blind Asylum at Jacksonville, Illinois. As a mathematician 
he had few superiors. 

On the 8th of May, 1858, the Trustees met at Vinton, and made arrange- 
ments for securing the donation of $5,000 made by the citizens of that town. 

In June of that year, a quarter section of land was donated for the College, 
by John W. 0. Webb and others, and the Trustees adopted a plan for the 
erection of a suitable building. In 1860, the plan was modified, and the con- 
tract for enclosing let to Messrs. Finkbine & Lovelace, for $10,420. 

In August, 1862, the building was so far completed that the goods and fur- 
uiture of the institution were removed from Iowa City to Vinton, and early in 
October, the school was opened there with twenty-four pupils. At this time. 
Rev. Orlando Clark was Principal. 

In August, 1864, a new Board of Trustees were appointed by the Legisla- 
ture, consisting of James McQuin,. President; Reed Wilkinson, Secretary ; Jas. 
Chapin, Treasurer; Robert Gilchrist, Elijah Sells and Joseph Dysart, organized 
and made important changes. Rev. Reed Wilkinson succeeded Mr. Clark as 
Principal. Mrs. L. S. B. Wilkinson and Miss Amelia Butler were appointed 
Assistant Teachers ; Mrs. N. A. Morton, Matron. 

Mr. Wilkinson resigned in June, 1867, and Gen. James L. Geddes was 
appointed in his place. In September, 1869, Mr. Geddes retired, and was 
succeeded by Prof. S. A.Knapp. Mrs. S. C. Lawton was appointed Matron, 
and was succeeded by Mrs. M. A. Knapp. Prof. Knapp resigned July 1, 

1875, and Prof. Orlando Clark was elected Principal, who died April 2, 

1876, and was succeeded by John B. Parmalee, who retired in July, 1877, 
when the present incumbent, Rev. Robert Carothers, was elected. 

Trustees, 1S77-S. — Jeremiah L. Gay, President; S. H.Watson, Treasurer; 
H. C. Piatt, Jacob Springer, C. L. Flint and P. F. Sturgis. 

Faculty. — Principal, Rev. Robert Carothers, A. M. ; Matron, Mrs. Emeline 
E. Carothers; Teachers, Thomas F. McCune, A. B., Miss Grace A. Hill, 
Mrs. C. A. Spencer, Miss Mary Baker, Miss C. R. Miller, Miss Lorana Mat- 
tice. Miss A. M. McCutcheon ; Musical Director, S. 0. Spencer. 

The Legislative Committee who visited tliis institution in 1878 expressed 
their astonishment at the vast expenditure of money in proportion to the needs 
of the State. The striutture is well built, and the money properly expended ; 
yet it was enormously beyond the necessities of the State, and shows an utter 
disregard of the fitness of things. The Committee could not understand why 
$282,000 should have been expended for a massive building covering about two 
and a half acres for the accommodation of 130 people, costing over eight thou- 
sand didlars a year to heat it, and costing the Staite about five hundred dollars 
a year for each pupil. 



History of the state of iowa. 199 

INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. 

Council Bluffs, Pottaivattomie County. 

The Iowa Institution for the Deaf and Dumb was established at Iowa City 
laj an act of the General Assembly, approved January 24, 1855. The number 
of deaf mutes then in the State was 301 ; the number attending the Institution, 
50. The first Board of Trustees were: Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Hon. E. 
Sells, W. Penn Clarke, J. P. Wood, H. D. Downey, William Crura, W. E. 
Ijams, Principal. On the resignation of Mr. Ijams, in 1862, the Board 
appointed in his stead Mr. Benjamin Talbot, for nine years a teacher in the 
Ohio Institution for ttie Deaf and Dumb. Mr. Talbot was ardently devoted to 
the interests of the institution and a faithful worker for the unfortunate class 
under his charge. 

A strong effort was made, in 1866, to remove this important institution to 
Des Moines, but it was located permanently at Council Bluffs, and a building 
rented for its use. In 1868, Commissioners were appointed to locate a site for, 
and to superintend the erection of, a new building, for which the Legislature 
appropriated $125,000 to commence the work of construction. The Commis- 
sioners selected ninety acres of land about two miles south of the city of Coun- 
cil Bluffs. The main building and one wing were completed October 1, 1870, 
and immediately occupied by the Institution. February 25, 1877, the main 
building and east wing were destroyed by fire ; and August 6 following, the 
roof of the new west wing was blown off and the walls partially demolished by 
•a tornado. At the time of the fire, about one hundred and fifty pupils were in 
attendance. After the fire, half the classes were dismissed and the number of 
scholars reduced to about seventy, and in a week or two the school was in run- 
ning order. 

The Legislative Committee which visited this Institution in the "Winter of 
1857-8 was not well pleased with the condition of affairs, and reported that the 
building (west wing) was a disgrace to the State and a monument of unskillful 
^'orkmanship, and intimated rather strongly that some reforms in management 
Tvere very essential. 

Trustees, 7<?77-5.— Thomas Officer, President ; N. P. Dodge, Treasurer ; 
Paul Lange, William Orr, J. W. Cattell. 

Superintendent, Benjamin Talbot, M. A. Teachers, Edwin Southwick, 
€onrad S. Zorbaugh, John A. Gillespie, John A. Kennedy, Ellen J. Israel, 
Ella J. Brown, Mrs. H. R. Gillespie ; Physician, H. W. Hart, M. D. ; Steward, 
2^. A. Taylor; Matron, Mary B. Swan. 

SOLDIERS' ORPHANS' HOMES. 

Davenport, Cedar Falls, Glenwood. 

The movement which culminated in the establishment of this beneficent in- 
stitution was originated by Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, during the civil war of 
1861-65. This noble and patriotic lady called a convention at Muscatine, on 
the 7th of October 1863, for the purpose of devising measures for the support 
and education of the orphan children of the brave sons of Iowa, who had fallen 
in defense of national honor and integrity. So great was the public interest in 
the movement that there was a large representation from all parts of the State 
•on the day named, and an association was organized called the Iowa State Or- 
phan Asylum- 



200 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

The first officers Avere : President, William M. Stone ; Vice Presidents, Mrs. 
G. G. Wright, Mrs. R. L. Cadle, Mrs. J. T. Hancock, John R. Needham, J. W. 
Cattell, ]\Irs. Mary INI. Bagg ; Recording Secretary-, Miss Mary Kibben ; Cor- 
responding Secretary, Miss M. E. Shelton ; Treasurer, N. H. Brainerd; Board 
of Trustees, Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, Mrs. C. B. Darwin, Mrs. D. T. Newcomb, 
Mrs. L. B. Stephens, 0. Fayville, E. H. Williams, T. S. Parvin, Mrs. Shields, 
Caleb Baldwin, C. C. Cole, Isaac Pendleton, H. C. Henderson. 

The first meeting of the Trustees was held February 14, 18G4, in the Repre- 
sentative Hall, at Des Moines, Committees from both branches of the General 
Assembly were present and were invited to participate in their deliberations. 
Gov. Kirkwood suggested that a home for disabled soldiers should be connected 
with the Asylum. Arrangements were made for raising funds. 

At the next meeting, in Davenport, in March, 1864, the Trustees decided to- 
commence operations at once, and a committee, of which Mr. Howell, of Keo- 
kuk, was Cl\airman, was appointed to lease a suitable building, solicit donations, 
and procure suitable furniture. This committee secured a large brick building 
in Lawrence, Van Buren County, and engaged Mr. Fuller, of Mt. Pleasant, a& 
Steward. 

At the annual meeting, in Des Moines, in June, 18G4, Mrs. C. B. Baldwin,. 
Mrs. G. G. Wright, Mrs. Dr. Horton, Miss Mary E. Shelton and Mr. George 
Sherman were appointed a committee to furnish the building and take all neces- 
sary steps for opening the "Home," and notice was given that at the next 
meeting- of the Association, a motion would be made to change the name of the 
Institution to Iowa Orphans' Home. 

The work of preparation was conducted so vigorously that on the 13th day 
of July following, the Executive Committee announced that they were ready to- 
receive the children. In throe weeks twenty-one were admitted, and the num- 
ber constantly increased, so that, in a little more than six months from the timfr 
of opening, there were seventy children admitted, and twenty more applica- 
tions, Avhich the Committee had not acted upon — all orphans of soldiers. 

Miss M. Elliott, of Washington, Avas appointed Matron. She resigned, 
in February, 1865, and was succeeded by Mrs. E. G. Piatt, of Fremont. 
County. 

The " Home " was sustained by the voluntary contributions of the people, 
until 1866, when it was assumed by the State. In that year, the General 
Assem bly provided for the location of several such "Homes" in the different 
counties, and which were established at Davenport, Scott County; Cedar Falls, 
Black Hawk County, and at Glenwood, Mills County. 

The Board of Trustees elected by the General Assembly had the oversight 
and management of the Soldiers' Orphans' Homes of the State, and consisted 
of one person from each county in which such Home Avas located, and one for 
the State at large, who held their office two years, or until their successors Avere 
elected and qualified. An appropriation of $10 per month for each orphan 
actually supported Avas made by the General Assembly. 

Tlie Home in Cedar Falls Avas organized in 1865, and an old hotel building 
was fitted up for it. Rufus C, Mary L. and Emma L. Bauer Avere the first 
children received, in October, and by January, 1866, there were ninety-six in- 
mates. 

October 12, 1869, the Home Avas removed to a large brick building, about 
two miles Avest of Cedar Falls, and Avas very prosperous for several years, but 
in 1876, the General Assembly established a State Normal School at Cedar 
Falls and appropriated the buildings and grounds for that purpose. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 201 

By " An act to provide for the organization and support of an asylum at 
Glen wood, in Mills County, for feeble minded children," approved March 17, 
1876, the buildings and grounds used by the Soldiers' Orpiians' Home at that 
place were appropriated for this purpose. By another act, approved INIarch 15, 
1876, the soldiers' orphans, then at the Homes at Glenwood and Cedar Falls, 
were to be removed to the Home at Davenport within ninety days thereafter, 
and the Board of Trustees of the Home were authorized to receive other indigent 
children into that institution, and provide for their education in industrial 
pursuits. 

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 

Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County. 

Chapter 129 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, in 1876, estab- 
lished a State Normal School at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, and required 
the Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home to turn over the property in their 
charge to the Directors of the new institution. 

The Board of Directors met at Cedar Falls June 7, 1876, and duly organ- 
ized by the election of H. C. Hemenway, President ; J. J. Toleston, Secretary, 
and E. Townsend, Treasurer. The Board of Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' 
Home met at the same time for the purpose of turning over to the Directors the 
property of that institution, which was satisfactorily done and properly receipted 
for as required by law. At this meeting, Prof. J. C. Gilchrist was elected 
Principal of the School. 

On the 12th of July, 1876, the Board again met, when executive and 
teachers' committees were appointed and their duties assigned. A Steward 
and a Matron were elected, and their respective duties defined. 

The buildings and grounds were repaired and fitted up as well as the appro- 
priation would admit, and the first term of the school opened September 6, 1876, 
commencing with twenty-seven and closing with eighty-seven students. The 
second term closed with eighty-six, and one hundred and six attended during 
the third term. 

The following are the Board of Directors, Board of Officers and Faculty : 

Board of Directors. — H. C. Hemenway, Cedar Falls, President, term 
expires 1882 ; L. D. Lewelling, Salem, Henry County, 1878 ; W. A. Stow, 
Hamburg, Fremont County, 1878 ; S. G. Smith, Newton, Jasper County, 
1880 ; E. H. Thayer, Clinton, Clinton County, 1880 ; G. S. Robinson, Storm 
Lake, Buena Vista County, 1882. 

Board of Officers. — J. J. Toleston, Secretary; E. Townsend, Treasurer; 
William Pattes, Steward; Mrs. P. x\. Schermerhorn, Matron — all of Cedar 
Falls. 

Faculty. — J. C. Gilchrist, A. M., Principal, Professer of Mental and 
Moral Philosophy and Didactics ; M. W. Bartlett, A. M., Professor of Lan- 
guages and Natural Science ; D. S. Wright, A. M., Professor of Mathematics ; 
Miss Frances L. Webster, Teacher of Geography and History ; E. W. Burnham, 
Professor of Music. 

ASYLUM FOR FEEBLE MINDED CHILDREN. 

Glenwood., Mills County. 

Chapter 152 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, approved 
March 17, 1876, provided for the establishment of an asylum for feeble minded 
children at Glenwood, ^Nlills County, and the buildings and grounds of the 



202 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place were to be used for that purpose. The 
asylum was placed under the management of three Trustees, one at least of 
whom should be a resident of Mills County. Children between the ages of 7 
and 18 years are admitted. Ten dollars per month for each child actually sup- 
ported by the State was appropriated by the act, and ^2,000 for salaries of 
officers and teachers for two years. 

Hon. J. W. Cattell, of Polk County ; A. J. Russell, of Mills County, and 
W. S. Robertson, were appointed Trustees, Avho held their first meeting at 
Glen wood, April 26, 1876. Mr. Robertson was elected President; Mr. Russell, 
Treasurer, and Mr. Cattell, Secretary. The Trustees found the house and farm 
which had been turned over to them in a shamefully dilapidated condition. The 
fences were broken down and the lumber destroyed or carried away ; the win- 
dows broken, doors off' their hinges, floors broken and filthy in the extreme, 
cellars reeking with offensive odors from decayed vegetables, and every conceiv- 
able variety of filth and garbage ; drains obstructed, cisterns broken, pump 
demoralized, wind-mill broken, roof leaky, and the whole property in the worst 
possible condition. It was the first work of the Trustees to make the house 
tenable. This was done under the direction of Mr. Russell. At the request 
of the Trustees, Dr. Charles T. Wilbur, Superintendent of the Illinois Asylum, 
visited Glenwood, and made many valuable suggestions, and gave them much 
assistance. 

0. W. Archibald, M. D., of Glenwood, Avas appointed Superintendent, 
and soon after was appointed Secretary of the Board, vice Cattell, resigned. 
Mrs. S. A. Archibald was appointed Matron, and Miss Maud M. Archibald, 
Teacher. 

The Institution was opened September 1, 1876 ; the first pupil admitted 
September 4, and the school was organized September 10, with only five pupils, 
which number had, in November, 1877, increased to eighty-seven. December 
1, 1876, Miss Jennie Van Dorin, of Fairfield, was employed as a teacher and 
in the Spring of 1877, Miss Sabina J. Archibald was also employed. 

THE REFORM SCHOOL. 
Eldora^ Hardin County. 

By "An act to establish and organize a State Reform School for Juvenile 
Offenders," approved March 31, 1868, the General Assembly established a 
State Reform School at Salem, Lee (Henry) County; provided for a Board of 
Trustees, to consist of one person from each Congressional District. For the 
purpose of immediately opening the school, the Trustees Avere directed to accept 
the proposition of the Trustees of White's Iowa Manual Labor Institute, at 
Salem, and lease, for not more than ten years, the lands, buildings, etc., of the 
Institute, and at once proceed to prepare for and open a reform school as a 
temporary establishment. 

The contract for fitting up the buildings was let to Clark & Haddock, Sep- 
tember 21, 1868, and on the 7th of October following, the first inmate was 
received from Jasper County. The law provided for the admission of children 
of both sexes under 18 years of age. In 1876, this was amended, so that they 
are now received at ages over 7 and under 16 years. 

April 19, 1872, the Trustees were directed to make a permanent location 
for the school, and $45,000 Avas appropriated for the erection of the necessary 
buildings. The Trustees were further directed, as soon as practicable, to 
organize a school for girls in the buildings where the boys were then kept. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 203 

The Trustees located the school at Eldora, Hardin County, and in the Code 
of 1873, it is permanently located there by law. 

The institution is managed by five Trustees, who are paid mileage, but no 
compensation for their services. 

The object is the reformation of the children of both sexes, under the age 
of 16 years and over 7 years of age, and the law requires that the Trustees 
shall require the boys and girls under their charge to be instructed in piety and 
morality, and in such branches of useful knowledge as are adapted to their age 
and capacity, and in some regular course of labor, either mechanical, manufac- 
turing or agricultural, as is best suited to their age, strength, disposition and 
capacity, and as may seem best adapted to secure the reformation and future 
benefit of the boys and girls. 

A boy or girl committed to the State Reform School is there kept, disci- 
plined, instructed, employed and governed, under the direction of the Trustees, 
until he or she arrives at the age of majority, or is bound out, reformed or 
legally discharged. The binding out or discharge of a boy or girl as reformed, 
or having arrived at the age of majority, is a complete release from all penalties 
incurred by conviction of the offense for which he or she was committed. 

This is one step in the right direction. In the future, however, still further 
advances wdl be made, and the right of every individual to the fruits of their 
labor, even while restrained for the public good, will be recognized. 

FISH HATCHING ESTABLISHMENT. 

Near Anamosa, Jones County. 

The Fifteenth General Assembly, in 1874, passed " An act to provide for 
the appointment of a Board of Fish Commissioners for the construction of 
Fishways for the protection and propagation of Fish," also "An act to provide 
for furnishing the rivers and lakes with fish and fish spawn." This act appro- 
priated $8,000 for the purpose. In accordance with the provisions of the first 
act above mentioned, on the 9th of April, 1874, S. B. Evans of Ottumwa, 
Wapello County ; B. F. Shaw of Jones County, and Charles A. Haines, of 
Black Hawk County, were appointed to be Fish Commissioners by the Governor. 
These Commissioners met at Des Moines, May 10, 1874, and organized by the 
election of Mr. Evans, President ; Mr. Shaw, Secretary and Superintendent, 
and Mr. Haines, Treasurer. 

The State was partitioned into three districts or divisions to enable the 
Commissioners to better superintend the construction of fishways as required by 
law. That part of the State lying south of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 
Railroad was placed under the especial supervision of Mr. Evans ; that part be- 
tween that railroad and tlie Iowa Division of the Illinois Central Railroad, Mr. 
Shaw, and all north of the Illinois Central Railroad, Mr. Haines. At this 
meeting, the Superintendent was authorized to build a State Hatching House ; 
to procure the spawn of valuable fish adapted to the waters of Iowa ; hatch and 
prepare the young fish for distribution, and assist in putting them into the waters 
of the State. 

In compliance with these instructions, Mr. Shaw at once commenced work, 
and in tlie Summer of 1874, erected a " State Hatching House" near Anamosa, 
20x40 feet, two stories ; the second story being designed for a tenement ; the 
first story being the "hatching room." The hatching troughs are supplied 
with water from a magnificent spring four feet deep and about ten feet in diam- 
eter, affording an abundant and unfailing supply of pure running water. During 



204 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

the first year, from May 10, 1874, to May 10, 1875, the Commissioners distributed 
within the State 100,000 Shad, 300,000 California Sahnon, 10,000 Bass, 
80,000 Penobscot (Maine) Sahnon, 5,000 hmd-locked Sahnon, 20,000 of 
other species. 

By act approved March 10, 1876, the hiwwas amended so tliat there should 
be but one instead of three Fish Commissioners, and B. F. Shaw was appointed, 
and the Commissioner^ was authorized to purchase twenty acres of land, on 
whicli the State Hatching House was located near Anamosa. 

In the Fall of 1876, Commissioner Shaw gathered from the sloughs of the 
Mississippi, where they would have been destroyed, over a million and a half of 
small fish, which were distributed in the various rivers of the State and turned 
into the Mississippi. 

In 1875-6, 583,000 California Salmon, and in 1877, 303,500 Lake Trout 
were distributed in various rivers and lakes in the State. The experiment of 
stocking the small streams with brook trout is being tried, and 81,000 of the 
speckled beauties were distributed in 1877. In 1876, 100,000 young eels were 
distributed. These came from New York and they are increasing rapidly. 

At the close of 1877, there were at least a dozen private fish farms in suc- 
cessful operation in various parts of the State. Commissioner Shaw is en- 
thusiastically devoted to tlie duties of his office and has performed an important 
service for the people of the State by his intelligent and successful operations. 

The Sixteenth General Assembly passed an act in 1878, prohibiting the 
catching of any kind of fish except Brook Trout from March until June of each 
year. Some varieties are fit for food only during this period. 



THE PUBLIC LANDS. 

The grants of public lands made in the State of Iowa, for various purposes, 
are as follows : 



1. 


The 500,000 Acre Grant. 


2. 


The 16th Section Grant. 


3. 


The Mortgage School Lands. 


4. 


The University Gram. 


6. 


The Saline Grant. 


6. 


The Des Moines River Grant. 


7. 


The Des Moines River School Lands. 


8. 


The Swamp Land Grant. 


9. 


The Railroad Grant. 


10. 


The Agricultural College Grant. 



I. THE FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND ACRE GRANT. 

When the State was admitted into the Union, she became entitled to 
500,000 acres of land by virtue of an act of Congress, approved September 4, 
1841, which granted to each State therein specified 500,000 acres of public land 
for internal improvements ; to each State admitted subsequently to the passage 
of the act, an amount of land which, with the amount that might have been 
granted to her as a Territory, would amount to 500,000 acres. AH these lands 
were required to be selected within the limits of the State to which they were 
granted. 

The Constitution cf Iowa declares that the proceeds of this grant, together 
with all lands then granted or to be granted by Congress for the benefit of 
schools, shall constitute a perpetual fund for the support of schools throughout 
the State. By an act approved January 15, 1849, the Legislature established. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 205 

a board of School Fund Comraissjoners, and to that board was confided the 
selection, care and sale of these lands for the benefit of the School Fund. Until 
1855, these Commissioners were subordinate to the Superinteudent of Public 
Instruction, but on the 15th of January of that year, they ^vere clothed with 
exclusive authority in the management and sale of school lands. Tlie office of 
School Fund Commissioner was abolished March 23, 1858, and that officer in 
each county was required to transfer all papers to and make full settlement with 
the County Judge. By this act, County Judges and Township Trustees were 
made the agents of the State to control and sell the sixteenth sections; but no 
further provision Avas made for the sale of the 500,000 acre grant until April 
3d, 1860, wdien the entire management of the school lands Avas committed to 
the Boards of Supervisors of the several counties. 

II. THE SIXTEENTH SECTIONS. 

By the provisions of the act of Congress admitting Iowa to the Union, there 
was granted to the new State the sixteenth section in every township, or wliere 
that section had been sold, other lands of like amount for the use of schools. 
The Constitution of the State provides that the proceeds arising from the sale 
of these sections shall constitute a part of the permanent School Fund. The 
control and sale of these lands Avere vested in the School Fund Commissioners 
of the several counties until March 23, 1858, when they were transferred to the 
County Judges and Township Trustees, and Avere finally placed under the 
supervision of the County Boards of Supervisors in January, 1861. 

III. THE MORTGAGE SCHOOL LANDS. 

These do not belong to any of the grants of land proper. They are lands 
that have been mortgaged to the school fund, and became school lands Avhen bid 
off by the State by virtue of a huv passed in 1862. Under the provisions of the 
law regulating the management and investment of the permanent school fund, 
persons desiring loans from that fund are required to secure the payment thereof 
with interest at ten per cent, per annum, by promissory notes endorsed by two 
good sureties and by mortgage on unincumbered real estate, which must be 
situated in the county where the loan is made, and Avhich must be valued by 
three appraisers. Making these loans and taking the required securities was 
made the duty of the County Auditor, who was required to report to the Board 
of SuperA^isors at each meeting thereof, all notes, mortgages and abstracts of 
title connected Avith the school fund, for examination. 

When default Avas made of payment of money so secured by mortgage, and 
no arrangement made for extension of time as the laAV provides, the Board of 
Supervisors were authorized to bring suit and prosecute it Avith diligence to 
secure said fund ; and in action in favor of the county for the use of the school 
fund, an injunction may issue without bonds, and in any such action, Avhen 
service is made by pul)lication, default and judgment may be entered and 
enforced Avithout bonds. In case of sale of land on execution founded on any 
such mortgage, the attorney of the board, or other person duly authorized, sliall, 
on behalf of the State or county for the use pf said fund, bid such sum as the 
interests of said fund may require, and if struck off to the State the land shall 
be held and disposed of as the other lands belonging to the fund. These lands 
are known as the Mortgage School Lands, and reports of them, including 
description and amount, are re({uired to be made to the State Land Office, 



206 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



IV. UNIVERSITY LANDS. 



By act of Congress, July 20, 1840, a quantity of land not exceeding two 
■f-ntire townships was reserved in the Territory of Iowa for the use and support 
of a university within said Territory when it should become a State. This land 
was to be located in tracts of not less than an entire section, and could be used 
for no other purpose than that designated in the grant. In an act supplemental 
to that for the admission of Iowa, March 3, 1845, the grant was renewed, and it 
-was provided that the lands should be used "solely for the purpose of such 
university, in such manner as the Legislature may prescribe." 

Under this grant there were set apart and approved by the Secretary of the 
Treasury, for the use of the State, the following lands : 

ACRES. 

In the Iowa City Land District, Feb. 26, 1849 20,150.49 

In the Fairfield Land District, Oct. 17, 1849 9,685.20 

la the Iowa City Land District, Jan. 28, 1850 2,571.81 

In tlie Fairfield Land District, Sept. 10, 1850 3,198.20 

In the Dubuque Land District, May 19, 1852 10,552.24 

Total 45,957.94 

These lands were certified to the State November 19, 1859. The University 
lands are placed by law under the control and management of the Board of 
Trustees of the Iowa State University. Prior to 1865, there had been selected 
and located under 282 patents, 22,892 acres in sixteen counties, and 23,036 
acres unpatented, making a total of 45,928 acres. 

V. — SALINE LANDS. 

By act of Congress, approved March 3, 1845, the State of Iowa was 
:granted the use of the salt springs within her limits, not exceeding twelve. 
By a subsequent act, approved May 27, 1852, Congress granted the springs 
to the State in fee simple, together with six sections of land contiguous to each, 
to be disposed of as the Legislature might direct. In 1861, the proceeds of 
these lands then to be sold were constituted a fund for founding and support- 
ing a lunatic asylum, but no sales were made. In 1856, the proceeds of the 
fialine lands were appropriated to the Insane Asylum, repealed in 1858. In 
1860, the saline lands and funds were made a part of the permanent fund of 
the State University. These lands were located in Appanoose, Davis, Decatur, 
Lucas, Monroe, Van Buren and Wayne Counties. 

VI. — THE DES MOINES RIVER GRANT. 

By act of Congress, approved August 8, 1846, a grant of land was made 
for the improvement of the navigation of Des Moines Kiver, as follows : 

Beit enadedby the Senate and House of Representatives of the Un:ted States of America in 
Congress assembled. That there be, and hereby is, granted to said Territory of Iowa, for the 
purpose of aiding said Territory to improve the navigation of the Des Moines River from its 
mouth to the Raccoon Fork (so called) in said Territory, one equal moiety, in alternate sections, 
of the public lands (remaining unsold and not otherwise disposeil of, incumbered or appropri- 
ated], in a strip five miles in width on each side of said river, to be selected within said Terri- 
tory liy an agent or agents to be appointed by the Governor thereof, subject to the approval of 
the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. 

Si:c. 2. And be it further enacted, Thit the lands hereby granted shall not be conveyed 
or disposed of by said Territory, nor by any State to be formed out of tlie same, except as said 
improvement shall progress; that is, the said Territory or State may sell so much of said lands 
as shall produce the sum of thirty thousand dollars, and then the sales shall cease until the Gov- 
ernor of said Territory or State shall certify the fact to the President of the United States that 
-one-half of said sum has been expended upon said improvements, when the said Territory or 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 20T 

State may sell and convey a quantity of the residue of said lands sufficient to replace the amount- 
expended, and thus the sales shall progress as the proceeds thereof shall be expended, and the- 
fact of such expenditure shall be certified as aforesaid. 

Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That the said River Des Moines shall be and forever- 
remain a public highway for the use of the Government of the United States, free from any toll 
or other charge whatever, for any property of the United States or persons in their service 
passing through or along the same : Provided ahoays, That it shall not be competent for the said 
Territory or future State of Iowa to dispose of said lands, or any of them, at a price lower than, 
for the time being, shall be the minimum price of other public lands. 

Sec. 4. And be it further enacted. That whenever the Territory of Iowa shall be admitted 
into the Union as a State, the lands hereby granted for the above purpose shall be and become 
the property of said State for the purpose contemplated in this act, and for no other : Provided 
the Legislature of the State of Iowa shall accept the said grant for the said purpose." Approved 
Aug. 8, 1846. 

By joint resolution of the General Assembly of Iowa, approved January 9, 
1847, the grant was accepted for the purpose specified. By another act, ap- 
proved February 24, 1847, entited "An act creating the Board of Public 
Works, and providing for the improvement of the Des Moines River," the 
Legislature provided for a Board consisting of a President, Secretary and 
Treasurer, to be elected by the people. This Board was elected August 2, 
1847, and was organized on the 22d of September following. The same act 
defined the nature of the improvement to be made, and provided that the work 
should be paid for from the funds to be derived from the sale of lands to be 
sold by the Board. 

Agents appointed by the Governor selected the sections designated by "odd 
numbers" throughout the whole exten't of the grant, and this selection was ap- 
proved by the Secretary of the Treasury. But there was a conflict of opinion 
as to the extent of the grant. It was held by some that it extended from the 
mouth of the Des Moines only to the Raccoon Forks ; others held, as the 
agents to make selection evidently did, that it extended from the mouth to the 
head waters of the river. Richard M. Young, Commissioner of the General 
Land Office, on the 23d of February, 1848, construed the grant to mean that 
" the State is entitled to the alternate sections within five miles of the Des 
Moines River, throughout the whole extent of that river within the limits of 
Iowa." Under this construction, the alternate sections above the Raccoon 
Forks would, of course, belong to the State; but on the 19th of June, 1848, 
some of these lands were, by proclamation, thrown into market. On the 18th 
of September, the Board of Public Works filed a remonstrance with the Com- 
missioner of the General Land Office. The Board also sent in a protest to the 
State Land Office, at which the sale was ordered to take place. On the 8th of 
January, 1849, the Senators and Representatives in Congress from Iowa also 
protested against the sale, in a communication to Hon. Robert J. Walker, Sec- 
retary of the Treasury, to which the Secretary replied, concurring in the 
opinion that the grant extended the whole length of the Des Moines River in 
Iowa. 

On the 1st of June, 1849, the Commissioner of the General Land Office 
directed the Register and Receiver of the Land Office at Iowa City " to with- 
hold from sale all lands situated in the odd numbered sections within five miles 
on each side of the Des Moines River abuve the Raccoon Forks." March 13, 
1850, the Commissioner of the General Land Office submitted to the Secretary 
of the Interior a list "showing the tracts falling within the limits of tlie Des 
Moines River grant, above the Raccoon Forks, etc., under the decision of the 
Secretary of the Trea.sury, of March 2, 1849," and on the 6th of April 
following, Mr. Ewing, then Secretary of the Interior, reversed the decision of 
Secretary Walker, but ordered the lands to be witiiheld from sale until Con- 



208 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

gress could have an opportunity to pass an explanatory act. The Iowa author- 
ities appealed from this decision to the President (Taylor), who referred the 
matter to the Attorney General (Mr. Johnson). On the 19th of July, Mr. 
Johnson submitted as his opinion, that by tlie terms of the grant itself, it ex- 
tended to the very source of the Des Moines, but before his opinion was pub- 
lished President Taylor died. When Mr. Tyler's cabinet was formed, the 
question was submitted to the new Attorney General (Mr. Crittenden), who, on 
the 30th of June, 1851, reported that in his opinion the grant did not extend 
above the Raccoon Forks. Mr. Stewart, Secretary of the Interior, concurred 
with Mr. Crittenden at first, but subsequently consented to lay the Avhole sub- 
ject before the President and Cabinet, who decided in favor of the State. 

October 29, 1851, Mr. Stewart directed the Commissioner of the General 
Land Office to "submit for his approval such lists as had been prepared, and to 
proceed to report for like approval lists of the alternate sections claimed by the 
State of Iowa above the Raccoon Forks, as far as the surveys have progressed, 
or may hereafter be completed and returned." And on the following day, three 
list4 of these lands were prepared in the General Land Office. 

The lands approved and certified to the State of Iowa under this grant, and 
all lying above the Raccoon Forks, are as follows : 

By Secretary Stewart, Oct. 30, 1851 81,707.93 acres. 

March 10, 1852 143,908.37 " 

By Secretary McLellan, Dec. 17, 1853 33,142.43 " 

Dec. 30, 1853 12,813.51 " 

Total 271, 572.24 acres. 

The Commissioners and Register of tlie Des Moines River Improvement, in 
their report to the Governor, November 30, 1852, estimates the total amount of 
lands then available for the work, including those in possession of the State and 
those to be surveyed and approved, at nearly a million acres. The indebtedness 
then standing against the fund was about $108,000, and the Commissioners 
estimated the work to be done would cost about $1,200,000. 

January 19, 1853, the Legislature authorized the Commissioners to sell 
" any or all the lands which have or may hereafter be granted, for not less than 
$1,300,000." 

On the 24th of January, 1853, the General Assembly provided for the elec- 
tion of a Commissioner by the people, and appointed two Assistant Commission- 
ers, with authority to make a contract, selling the lands of the Improvement 
for $1,300,000. This new Board made a contract, June 9, 1855, with the Des 
Moines Navigation & Railroad Company, agreeing to sell all the lands donated 
to the State by Act of Congress of August 8, 1846, whicli the State had not 
sold prior to December 23, 1853, for $1,300,000, to be expended on the im- 
provement of the river, and in paying the indebtedness then due. This con- 
tract was duly reported to the Governor and General Assembly. 

By an act approved January 25, 1855, the Commissioner and Register of 
the Des Moines River Improvement were authorized to negotiate with the Des 
Moines Navigation & Railroad Company for the purchase of lands in Webster 
County which had been sold by the School Fund Commissioner as school lands, 
but which had been certified to the State as Des Moines River lands, and had, 
therefore, become the property of the Company, under the provisions of its 
contract with the State. 

March 21, 1856, the old question of the extent of the grant was again raised 
and the Commissioner of the General Land Office decided th.^ it was limited to 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 209 

the Raccoon Fork. Appeal was made to the Secretary of tlie Interior, and by 
him the matter was referred to the Attorney General, who decided that the grant 
extended to the northern boundary of the State; the State relinquished its 
claim to lands lying along the river in Minnesota, and the vexed question was 
supposed to be finally settled. 

The land which had been certified, as well as those extending to the north- 
ern boundary witliin the limits of the grant, were reserved from pre-emption 
and sale by the General Land Commissioner, to satisfy the grant of August 8, 
1846, and they were treated as having passed to the State, which from time to 
time sold portions of them prior to their final transfer to the Des Moines Navi- 
igation & Raih'oad Company, applying the proceeds tliereof to the improve- 
ment of the river in compliance with the terms of the grant. Prior to the final 
sale to the Company, June 9, 1854, the State had sold about 327,000 acres, of 
which amount 58,880 acres Avere located above the Raccoon Fork. The last 
certificate of the General Land Office bears date December 30, 1853. 

After June 9th, 1854, the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company 
carried on the work under its contract with the State. As the improvement 
progressed, the State, from time to time, by its authorized officers, issued to the 
Company,, in payment for said work, certificates for lands. But the General 
Land Office ceased to certify lands under the grant of 1846. The State 
had made no other provision for paying for the improvements, and disagree- 
ments and misunderstanding arose between the State authorities and the 
Company. 

March 22, 1858, a joint resolution was passed by the Legislature submitting 
a proposition for final settlement to the Company, which was accepted. The Com- 
pany paid to the State ^20,000 in cash, and released and conveyed the dredge boat 
and materials named in the resolution ; and the State, on the 3d of May, 1858, 
executed to the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company fourteen deeds 
or patents to the lands, amounting to 256,703.64 acres. These deeds were 
intended to convey all the lands of this grant certified to the State by the Gen- 
eral Government not previously sold ; but, as if for the purpose of covering any 
tract or parcel that might have been omitted, the State made another deed of 
conveyance on the 18th day of May, 1858. These fifteen deeds, it is claimed, 
by the Company, convey 266,108 acres, of which about 53,367 are below the 
Raccoon Fork, and the balance, 212,741 acres, are above that point. 

Besides the lands deeded to the Company, the State had deeded to individual 
purchasers 58,830 acres above the Raccoon Fork, making an aggregate of 271,- 
571 acres, deeded above the Fork, all of which had been certified to the State 
by the Federal Government. 

By act approved March 28, 1858, the Legislature donated the remainder of 
the grant to the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines & Minnesota Railroad Company, 
upon condition that said Company assumed all liabilities resulting from the Des 
Moines River improvement operations, reserving 50,000 acres of the land in 
security for the payment thereof, and for the completion of the locks and dams 
at Bentonsport, Croton, Keosauqua and Plymouth. For every three thousand 
dollars' worth of work done on the locks and dams, and for every three thousand 
dollars paid by the Company of the liabilities above mentioned, the Register of 
the State Land Office was instructed to certify to the Company 1,000 acres of 
the 50,000 acres reserved for these purposes. Up to 1865, there had been pre- 
sented by the Company, under the provisions of the act of 1858, and allowed, 
claims amounting to §109,579.37, about seventy-five per cent, of which had 
been settled. 



210 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

After the passage of the Act above noticed, the ([uestion of the extent of the 
original grant was again mooted, and at the December Term of the Supreme Court 
of the United States, in 1859-60, a decision was rendered deckiring that the 
grant did not extend above Raccoon Fork, and that all certificates of land above 
the Fork had been issued without authority of law and were, therefore, void 
(see 23 How., G6). 

The State of Iowa had disposed of a large amount of laud without authority, 
according to this decision, and appeal was made to Congress for relief, which 
was granted on the 3d day of March, 1861, in a joint resolution relinquishing 
to the State all the title which the United States then still retained in the tracts 
of land along the Des Moines River above Raccoon Fork, that had been im- 
properly certified to the State by the Department of the Interior, and which is 
now held by bona fide purchasers under the State of Iowa. 

In confirmation of this relinquishment, by act approved July 12, 1862» 
Congress enacted : 

That the grant of lands to the then Territory of Iowa for the improvement of the Des ^Ioine» 
River, made by the act of August 8, 1846, is hereby extended so as to include the alternate sec- 
tions (designated by odd numbers) lying within five miles of said river, between the Raccoon 
Fork and the northern boundary of said State ; such lands are to be held and applied in accord- 
ance with the provisions of the original grant, except that the consent of Congress is hereby given 
to the application of a portion thereof to aid in the construction of the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines 
& Minnesota Railroad, in accordance with the provisions of the act of the General Assembly of 
the State of Iowa, approved March 22, 1858. And if any of the said lands shall have been sold 
or otherwise disposed of ])y the United States before the passage of this act, except tliose released 
by the United States to the grantees of the State of Iowa, under joint resolution of March •!, 
1861, the Secretary of the Interior is hereby directed to set apart an equal amount of lands within 
said State to be certified in lieu thereof; Provtdeff, that if the State shall have sold and conveyed 
any portion of the lands lying within the limits of the grant the title of which has proved invalid, 
any lands which shall be certified to said State in lieu thereof by virtue of the provisions of this 
act, shall inure to and be held as a trust fund for the benefit of the person or persons, respect- 
ively, whose titles shall have failed as aforesaid. 

The grant of lands by the above act of Congress was accepted by a joint 
resolution of the General Assembly, September 11, 1862, in extra session. On 
the same day, the Governor was authorized to appoint one or more Commis- 
sioners to select the lands in accordance with the grant. These Commissioners- 
were instructed to report their selections to the Registrar of the State Land 
Office. The lands so selected were to be held for the purposes of the grant, and 
were not to be disposed of until further legislation should be had. D. W. Kil- 
burne, of Lee County, Avas appointed Commissioner, and, on the 25th day of 
April, 1864, the General Land Officer authorized the selection of 300,000 acres 
from the vacant public lands as a part of the grant of July 12, 1862, and tlie 
selections were made in the Fort Dodge and Sioux City Land Districts. 

Many difficulties, controversies and conflicts, in relation to claims and titles, 
grew out of this grant, and these difficulties were enhanced by the uncertainty 
of its limits until the act of Congress of July, 1862. But the General Assem- 
bly sought, by wise and appropriate legislation, to protect the integrity of titles 
derived from tlie State. E.specially Avas the determination to protect the actual 
settlers, who had paid their money and made improvements prior to the final 
settlement of the limits of the grant by Congress. 

VII. — THE DES MOINES RIVER SCHOOL LANDS. 

These lands constituted a part of the 500,000 acre grant made by Congress 
in 1841; including 28,378.46 acres in Webster County, selected by the Agent of 
the State under tliat grant, and approved by the Commissioner of the General 
Land Office February 20, 1851. They Avere ordered into the market June 6, 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 211 

1853, by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, who authorized John Tol- 
man, School Fund Commissioner for Webster County, to sell them as school 
lands. Subsequently, when the act of 184(3 was construed to extend the Des 
Moines River grant above Raccoon Fork, it was held that the odd numbered 
sections of these lands within five miles of the river were appropriated by that 
act, and on the 30th day of December, 1853, 12,813.51 acres were set apart 
and approved to the State by the Secretary of the Interior, as a part of the 
Des Moines River grant. January 6, 1854, the Commissioner of the General 
Land Office transmitted to the Superintendent of Public Instruction a certified 
copy of the lists of these lands, indorsed by the Secretary of the Interior. 
^ Prior to this action of the Department, however, Mr. Tolman had sold to indi- 
vidual purchasers 3,194.28 acres as school lands, and their titles were, of course, 
killed. For their relief, an act, approved April 2, 1860, provided that, upon 
application and proper showing, these purchasers should be entitled to draw 
from the State Treasury the amount they had paid, with 10 per cent, interest, 
on the contract to purchase made Avith Mr. Tolman. Under this act, five appli- 
cations were made prior to lb(34, and the applicants received, in the atTiTrea-ate, 
$949.53. , ,^ ^ , 

By an act approved April 7, 1862, the Governor was forbidden to issue to 
the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad Company any certificate of the completion 
of any part of said road, or any conveyance of lands, until the company should 
execute and file, in the State ]jand Office, a release of its claim — first, to cer- 
tain swamp lands ; second, to the Dcs Moines River Lands sold by Tolman ; 
third, to certain other river lands. That act provided that " the said company 
shall transfer their interest in those tracts of land in Webster and Hamilton 
Counties heretofore sold by John Tolman, School Fund Commissioner, to the 
Register of the State Land Office in trust, to enable said Register to carry out 
and perftrm said contracts in all cases Avhen he is called upon by the parties 
interested to do so, before the 1st day of January, A. D. 1864. 

The company filed its release to the Tolman lands, in the Land Office, Feb- 
ruary 27, 1864, at the same time entered its protest that it had no claim upon 
them, never had pretended to have, and had never sought to claim them. The 
Register of the State Land Office, under the advice of the Attorney General, 
decided that patents would be issued to the Tolman purchasers in all cases 
where contracts had been made prior to December 23, 1853, and remaining 
uncanceled under the act of 1860. But before any were issued, on the 27th of 
August, 1864, the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company commenced a 
suit in chancery, in the District Court of Polk County, to enjoin the issue of 
such patents. On the 30th of August, an ex j^ arte injunction was issued. In 
January, 1868, Mr. J. A. Harvey, Register of the Land Office, filed in the 
court an elaborate answer to plaintiffs' petition, denying that the company had 
any right to or title in the lands. Mr. Harvey's successor, Mr. C. C. Carpen- 
ter, filed a still more exhaustive answer February 10, 1868. August 3, 1868, 
the District Court dissolved the injunction. The company appealed to the 
Supreme Court, where the decision of the lower court was affirmed in December. 
1869. 

VIII. SWAMP LAND GRANT. 

By an act of Congress, approved March 28, 1850, to enable Arkansas and 
other States to reclaim swampy lands Avithin their limits, granted all the swamp 
and overflowed lands remaining unsold within their respective limits to the 
several States. Although the total amount claimed by Iowa under this act 



212 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

does not exceed 4,000,000 acres, it has, like the Des ^loines River and some 
of the Land grants, cost the State considerable trouble and expense, and required 
a deal of legislation. The State expended large sums of money in making the 
selections, securing proofs, etc., but the General Government appeared to be 
laboring under the impression that Iowa was not acting in good faith ; that she 
had selected a large amount of lands under the swamp land grant, transferred 
her interest to counties, and counties to private speculators, and the General 
Land Office permitted contests as to the character of the lands already selected 
by the Agents of the State as "swamp lands." Congress, by joint resolution 
Dec. 18, 1856, and by act March 3, 1857, saved the State from the fatal result 
of this ruinous policy. Many of these lands were selected in 1854 and 1855, 
immediately after several remarkably wet seasons, and it "vvas but natural that 
some portions of the selections would not appear swampy after a few dry seasons. 
Some time after these first selections were made, persons desired to enter 
parcels of the so-called swamp lands and oflfering to prove them to be dry. In 
such cases the General Land Office ordered hearing before the local land officers, 
and if they decided tlie land to be dry, it was permitted to be entered and the 
claim of the State rejected. Speculators took advantage of this. Affidavits 
were bought of irresponsible and reckless men, who, for a few dollars, would 
confidently testify to the character of lands they never saw. These applica- 
tions multiplied until they covered 3,000,000 acres. It Avas necessary that 
Congress should confirm all these selections to the State, that this gigantic 
scheme of fraud and plunder might be stopped. The act of Congress of 
March 3, 1857, was designed to accomplish this purpose. But the Connnis- 
sioner of the General Land Office held that it was only a qualified confirma- 
tion, and under this construction sought to sustain the action of the Department 
in rejecting the claim of the State, and certifying them under act of May 15, 
1856, under which the railroad companies claimed all swamp land in odd num- 
bered sections within the limits of their respective roads. This action led to 
serious comjdications. When the railroad grant was made, it was not intended 
nor was it understood that it included any of the swamp lands. These were 
already 'disposed of by previous grant. Nor did the companies expect to 
receive any of them, but under the decisions of the Department adverse to the 
State the way was opened, and they Avere not slow to enter their claims. March 
4, 1862, the Attorney General of the State submitted to the General Assembly 
an opinion that the railroad companies were not entitled even to contest the 
right of the State to these lands, under the swamp land grant. A letter from 
the Acting Commissioner of the General Land Office expressed the same 
opinion, and the General Assembly by joint resolution, approved April 7, 1862, 
expressly repudiated the acts of the railroad companies, and disclaimed any 
intention to claim these lands under any other than the act of Congress of 
Sept. 28, 1850. A great deal of legislation has been found necessary in rela- 
tion to these swamp lands. 

IX. — THE RAILROAD GRANT. 

One of the most important grants of public lands to Iowa for purposes of 
internal improvement Avas that known as the '^Railroad Grant," by act of 
Congress approved May 15, 1856. This act granted to the State of Iowa, for 
the purpose of aiding in the construction of railroads from Burlington, on the 
Mississippi River, to a point on the Missouri River, near the mouth of Platte 
River; from the city of Davenport, via Iowa City and Fort Des Moines to 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 213 

■Council Bluffs ; from Lyons City northwesterly to a point of intersection with 
the main line of the Iowa Central Air Line Railroad, near Maquoketa ; thence 
on said main line, running as near as practicable to the Forty-second Parallel ; 
across the said State of Iowa to the Missouri River; from the city of Dubuque 
to a point on the Missouri River, near Sioux City, with a branch from the 
mouth of the Tete des Morts, to the nearest point on said road, to be com- 
pleted as soon as the main road is completed to that point, every alternate section 
of land, designated by odd numbers, for six sections in width on each side of 
said roads. It was also provided that if it should appear, when the lines of those 
roads were definitely fixed, that the United States had sold, or right of pre- 
emption had attached to any portion of said land, the State Avas authorized to 
select a quantity equal thereto, in alternate sections, or parts of sections, within 
fifteen miles of the lines so located. The lands remaining to the United States 
Avithin six miles on each side of said roads were not to be sold for less than the 
double minimum price of the public lands when sold, nor were any of said lands 
to become subject to private entry until they had been first offered at public 
sale at the increased price- 
Section 4 of the act provided that the lands granted to said State shall be 
disposed of by said State only in the manner following, that is to say : that a 
quantity of land net exceeding one hundred and twenty sections for each of said 
roads, and included within a continuous length of twenty miles of each of said 
Toads, may be sold ; and when the Governor of said State shall certify to the 
Secretary of the Interior that any twenty continuous miles of any of said roads 
is completed, then another quantity of land hereby granted, not to exceed one 
hundred and twenty sections for each of said roads having twenty continuous 
miles completed as aforesaid, and included within a continuous length of twenty 
miles of each of such roads, may be sold ; and so from time to time until said 
roads are completed, and if any of said roads are not completed within ten 
jears, no further sale shall be made, and the lands unsold shall revert to the 
United States." 

At a special session of the General Assembly of Iowa, by act approved July 
14, 1856, the grant was accepted and the lands were granted by the State to 
the several railroad companies named, provided that the lines of their respective 
roads should be definitely fixed and located before April 1, 1857 ; and pro- 
vided further, that if either of said companies should fail to have seventy-five 
miles of road completed and equipped by the 1st day of December, 1859, and 
its entire road completed by December 1, 1865, it should be competent for the 
State of Iowa to resume all rights to lands remaining undisposed of by the 
•company so failing. 

The railroad companies, with the single exception of the loAva Central Air 
Line, accepted the several grants in accordance with the provisions of the above 
act, located their respective roads and selected their lands. The grant to the 
Iowa Central was again granted to the Cedar Rapids & Missouri River Railroad 
Company, which accepted them. 

By act, approved April 7, 1862, the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad Com- 
pany was required to execute a release to the State of certain swamp and school 
lands, included within the limits of its grant, in compensation for an extension 
of the time fixed for the completion of its road. 

A careful examination of the act of Congress does not reveal any special 
reference to railroad companies. The lands were granted to the State, and the 
act evidently contemplate the sale of them bi/ the State, and the approjiriation 
of the proceeds to aid in the construction of certain lines of railroad within its 



214 HISTORY OF TPIE STATE OF IOWA. 

limits. Section 4 of the act clearly defines the authority of the State in dis- 
posing of the lands. 

Lists of all the lands embraced by the grant Avere made, and certified to the 
State by the proper authorities. Under an act of Congress approved August 3, 
1^54, entitled ^'An act to vest in the several States and Territories the title in 
fee of the lands ivhich have been or may he certified to them" these certified lists, 
the originals of which are filed in the General Land Office, conveyed to the State 
"the fee simple title to all the lands embraced in such lists that are of the char- 
acter contemplated " by the terms of the act making the grant, and "intended 
to be granted thereby ; but where lands embraced in such lists are not of the 
character embraced by such act of Congress, and were not intended to be granted 
thereby, said lists, so far as these lands are concerned, shall be perfectly null 
and void; and no right, title, claim or interest shall be conveyed thereby." 
Those certified lists made under the act of May 15, IS.'JG, were forty-three in 
number, viz.: For the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad, nine ; for the 
Mississippi & Missouri Railroad, 11 ; for the Iowa Central Air Line, thirteen ; 
and for the Duburpie & Sioux City Railroad, ten. The lands thus approved to 
the State were as follows : 

Burlington & Missouri River R. R 287,095.34 acres. 

Mississippi & Missouri River R. K 774,674.36 " 

Cedar Rapids & Missouri River R. R 775,454.19 " 

Dubuque & bioux City R. R 1,226,558.32 " 

A portion of these had been selected as swamp lands by the State, under 
the act of September 28, 1850, and these, by the terms of the act of August 3, 
1854, could not be turned over to the railroads unless the claim of the State to 
them as swamp was first rejected. It was not possible to determine from the 
records of the State Land Office the extent of the conflictinfT claims arisin"; under 
the two grants, as copies of the swamp land selections in some of the counties- 
were not filed of record. The Commissioner of the General Land Office, however, • 
prepared lists of the lands claimed by the State as swamp under act of September 
28, 1850, and also claimed by the railroad companies under act of May 15,. 
1856, amounting to 553,298.33 acres, the claim to which as swamp had been 
rejected by the Department. These were consequently certified to the State as 
railroad lands. llieroAvas no mode other than the act of July, 1856, prescribed 
for transferring the title to these lands from the State to the companies. The 
courts had decided that, for the purposes of the grant, the lands belonged to the 
State, and to her the companies f^hould look for their titles. It was generally 
accepted that the act of the Legislature of July, 1856, was all that was neces- 
sary to complete the transfer of title. It was assumed that all the rights and 
powers conferred upon the State by the act of Congress of May 14, 1856, were 
by the act of the General Assembly transferred to the companies ; in other 
words, that it was designed to put the companies in the place of the State as the 
grantees from Congress — and, therefore, that which perfected the title thereto 
to the State perfected the title to the companies by virtue of the act of July, 
1856. One of the companies, however, the Burlington & Missouri River Rail- 
road Company, was not entirely satisfied with this construction. Its managers 
thought that some further and specific action of the State authorities in addition 
to the act of the Legislature was necessary to com))lete their title. This induced 
Gov. Lowe to attach to the certified lists his official certificate, under the broad 
seal of the State. On the 9th of November, 1859, the Governor thus certified 
to them (commencing at the Missouri River) 187.207.44 acres, and December 
27th, 43,775.70 acres, an aggregate of 231,073.14 acres. These were the only 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 215 

lands under the grant that Avere certified by the State authorities with any 
design of perfecting the title ah'eady vested in the company by the act of July, 
1850. The lists which were afterward furnished to the company were simply 
certified by the Governor as being correct copies of the lists received by the 
State from the United States General Land Office. These subsequent lists 
embraced lands that had been claimed by the State under the Swamp Land 
Grant. 

It Avas urged against the claim of the Companies that the effect of the act 
of the Legislature was simply to substitute them for the State as parties to the 
grant. 1st. That the lands were granted to the State to be held in trust for the 
accomplishment of a specific purpose, and therefore the State could not part 
with the title until that purpose should have been accomplished. 2d. That it 
w,as not the intention of the act of July 14, 1856, to deprive the State of the con- 
trol of the lands, but on the contrary that she should retain supervision of them 
and the right to withdraw all rights and powers and resume the title condition- 
ally conferred by that act upon the companies in the event of their failure to 
-complete their part of the contract. 3d. That the certified lists from the Gen- 
eral Land Office vested the title in the State only by virtue of the act of Con- 
gress appi*oved August 3, 1854. The State Land Office held that the proper 
construction of the act of July 14, 1856, when accepted by the companies, was 
that it became a conditional contract that might ripen into a positive sale of the 
lands as from time to time the work should progress, and as the State thereby 
became authorized by the express terms of the grant to sell them. 

This appears to have been the correct construction of the act, but by a sub- 
sequent act of Congress, approved June 2, 1864, amending the act of 1856, the 
terms of the grant were changed, and numerous controversies arose between the 
companies and the State. 

The ostensible purpose of this additional act was to allow the Davenport & 
Council Bluffs Railroad '"to modify or change the location of the uncompleted 
portion of its line," to run through the town of Newton, Jasper County, or as 
nearly as practicable to that point. The original grant had been made to the 
State to aid in the construction of railroads within its limits and not to the com- 
panies, but Congress, in 1864, appears to have been utterly ignorant of what 
had been done under the act of 1856, or, if not, to have utterly disregarded it. 
The State had accepted the original grant. The Secretary of tbe Interior had 
already certified to the State all the lands intended to be included in the grant 
within fifteen miles of the lines of the several railroads. It will be remembered 
that Section 4, of the act of May 15, 1856, specifies the manner of sale of 
these lands from time to time as work on the railroads should progress, and also 
provided that "if any of said roads are not completed within ten years, no fur- 
ther sale shall be made, and the lands unsold shall revert to the United States." 
Having vested the title to these lands in trust, in the State of Iowa, it is plain 
that until the expiration of the ten years there could be no reversion, and the 
State, not the United States, must control them until the grant should expire 
by limitation. The United States authorities could not rightfully require the 
Secretary of the Interior to certify directly to the companies any portion of 
the lands already certified to the State. And yet Congress, by its act of June 
2, 1864, provided that whenever the Davenport & Council Bluffs Railroad Com- 
pany should file in the General Land Office at Washington a map definitely 
showing such new location, the Secretary of the Interior should cause to be cer- 
tified and conveyed to said Company, from time to time, as the road progressed, 
out of any of the lands belonging to the United States, not sold, reserved, or 



216 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

otherwise disposed of, or to which a pre-emption chiira or right of homestead had 
not attached, and on which a bona fide settlement and improvement had not 
been made under color of title derived from the United States or from the State 
of Iowa, within six miles of such newly located line, an amount of land per 
mile equal to that originally authorized to be granted to aid in the construction, 
of said road by the act to wliich this was an amendment. 

Tiie term "out of any lands belonr/inf/ to tite United States, not sold, re- 
served or otherwise disposed of, etc.," would seem to indicate that Congress did 
intend to grant lands already granted, but when it declared that the Company 
should have an amount per mile equal to that originally autlwrized to be granted^ 
it is plain that the framers of the bill were ignorant of the real terms of the 
original grant, or that they designed that the United States should resume the 
title it had already parted with two years before the lands could revert to the 
United States under the original act, Avhich was not repealed. 

A similar change was made in relation to the Cedar Rapids & Missouri 
Railroad, and dictated the conveyance of lands in a similar manner. 

Like provision was made for the Dubuque k, Sioux City Railroad, and the 
Company was permitted to change the location of its line between Fort Dodge 
and Sioux City, so as to secure the best route between those points ; but this 
change of location was not to impair the right to the land granted in the orig- 
inal act, nor did it change the location of those lands. 

By the same act, the Mississippi & Missouri Railroad Company was author- 
ized to transfer and assign all or any part of the grant to any other company or 
person, "■ if, in the opinion of said Company, the construction of said railroad 
across the State of Iowa would be thereby sooner and more satisfactorily com- 
pleted ; but such assignee should not in any case be released from the liabilities 
and conditions accompanying this grant, nor acquire perfect title in any other 
manner than the same would have been acquired by the original grantee." 

Still further, tlie Burlington & Missouri River Railroad was not forgotten, 
and was, by the same act, empowered to receive an amount of land per mile 
equal to that mentioned in the original act, and if that could not be found within 
the limits of six miles from the line of said road, then such selection might 
be made along such line within twenty miles thereof out of any public lands 
belonging to the United States, not sold, reserved or otherwise disposed of, or 
to which a pre-emption claim or right of homestead had not attached. 

Those acts of Congress, which evidently originated in the "lobby," occa- 
sioned much controversy and trouble. The Department of the Interior, how- 
ever, recognizing the fact that when the Secretary had certified the lands to the 
State, under the act of 1856, that act divested the United States of title, under 
the vesting act of August, 1854, refused to review its action, and also refused 
to order any and all investigations for establishing adverse claims (except in. 
pre-emption cases), on the ground that the United States had parted with the 
title, and, therefore, could exercise no control over the land. 

May 12, 1864, before the passage of the amendatory act above described. 
Congress granted to tiie State of Iowa, to aid in the construction of a railroad 
from McGregor to Sioux City, and for the benefit of the McGregor Western 
Railroad Company, every alternate section of land, designated by odd numbers, 
for ten sections in width on each side of the proposed road, reserving the right 
to substitute other lands whenever it was found tliat the grant infringed upon 
pre-empted lands, or on lands that had been reserve<l or disposed of for any other 
purpose. In such cases, the Secretary of the Interior Avas instructed to select, in 
lieu, lands belonging to the United States lying nearest to the limits specified. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 217 

X. — AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND FARM LANDS. 

An Agricultural College and Model Farm was established by act of the 
General Assembly, approved March 22, 1858. By the eleventh section of the 
act, the proceeds of the five-section grant made for the purpose of aiding in the 
erection of public buildings was appropriated, subject to the approval of Con- 
gress, together with all lands that Congress might thereafter grant to the State 
for the purpose, for the benefit of the institution. On the 23d of March, by 
joint resolution, the Legislature asked the consent of Congress to the proposed 
transfer. By act approved July 11, 1862, Congress removed the restrictions 
imposed in the "five-section grant," and authorized the General Assembly to 
make such disposition of the lands as should be deemed best for the interests of 
the State. By these several acts, the five sections of land in Jasper County 
certified to the State to aid in the erection of public buildings under the act of 
March 3, 1845, entitled " An act supplemental to the act for the admission of 
the States of Iowa and Florida into the Union," were fully appropriated for 
the benefit of the Iowa Agricultural College and Farm. The institution is 
located in Story County. Seven hundred and twenty-one acres in that and 
two hundred in Boone County were donated to it by individuals interested in 
the success of the enterprise. 

By act of Congress approved July 2, 1862, an appropriation was made to 
each State and Territory of 30,000 acres for each Senator and Representative 
in Congress, to which, by the apportionment under the census of 1860, thev 
were respectively entitled. This grant was made for the purpose of endowing 
colleges of agriculture and mechanic arts. 

Iowa accepted this grant by an act passed at an extra session of its Legis- 
lature, approved September 11, 1862, entitled "An act to accept of the grant, 
and carry into execution the trust conferred upon the State of Iowa by an act 
of Congress entitled ' An act granting public lands to the several States and 
Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the 
mechanic arts,' approved July 2, 1862." This act made it the duty of the 
Governor to appoint an agent to select and locate the lands, and provided 
that none should be selected that were claimed by any county as swamp 
lands. The agent was required to make report of his doings to the Governor, 
who was instructed to submit the list of selections to the Board of Trustees of 
the Agricultural College for their approval. One thousand dollars were appro- 
priated to carry the law into effect. The State, having two Senators and six 
Representatives in Congress, was entitled to 240,000 acres of land under this 
grant, for the purpose of establishing and maintaining an Agricultural College. 
Peter Melendy, Esq., of Black Hawk County, was appointed to make the selec- 
tions, and during August, September and December, 1863, located them in the 
Fort Dodge, Des Moines and Sioux City Land Districts. December 8, 1864, 
these selections were certified by the Commissioner of the General Land Office, 
and were approved to the State by the Secretary of the Interior December 13, 
1864. The title to these lands was vested in the State in fee simple, and con- 
flicted with no other claims under other grants. 

The agricultural lands were approved to the State as 240,000.96 acres; but 
as 35,691.66 acres were located within railroad limits, Avhich were computed at 
the rate of two acres for one, the actual amount of land approved to the State 
under this grant was only 204,309.30 acres, located as follows: 

In Des Moines Land District 6,804.96 acres. 

In Sioux City Land District 59,025.37 " 

In Fort Dodge Land District 138,478.97 " 



218 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

By act of the General Assembly, approved March 29, 1864, entitled, " An 
act authorizing the Trustees of the Iowa State Agricultural College and Farm 
to sell all lands acquired, granted, donated or appropriated for the benefit of 
said college, and to make an investment of the proceeds thereof," all these lands 
were granted to the Agricultural College and Farm, and the Trustees were au- 
thorized to take possession, and sell or lease them. They were then, under the 
control of the Trustees, lands as follows : 

Under the act of July 2, 1852 204,309.30 acres. 

Of the five-section grant 8,200.00 " 

Lands donated in Story County _. 72\.00 " 

Lands donated in Boone County •. 200.00 " 

Total 1 208,430.30 acres. 

The Trustees opened an office at Fort Dodge, and appointed Hon. G. W* 
Bassett their agent for the sale of these lands. 

THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 

The germ of the free public school system of Iowa, which now ranks sec- 
ond to none in the United States, was planted by the first settlers. They had 
migrated to the " The Beautiful Land" from other and older States, where the 
common school system had been tested by many years' experience, bringing 
with them some knowledge of its advantages, which they determined should be 
enjoyed by the children of the land of their adoption. The system thus planted 
was expanded and improved in the broad fields of the West, until now it is 
justly considered one of the most complete, comprehensive and liberal in the 
country. 

Nor is this to be wondered at when it is remembered humble log school 
houses were built almost as soon as the log cabin of the earliest settlers were 
occupied by their brave builders. In the lead mining regions of the State, the 
first to be occupied by the white race, the hardy pioneers provided the means 
for the education of their children even before they had comfortable dwellings 
for their families. School teachers were among the first immigrants to Iowa. 
Wherever a little settlement was made, the school house Avas the first united 
public act of the settlers; and the rude, primitive structures of the early time 
only disappeared when the communities had increased in population and wealth, 
and were able to replace them with more commodious and comfortable buildings. 
Perhaps in no single instance has the magnificent progress of the State of Iowa 
been more marked and rapid than in her common school system and in her school 
houses, which, long since, superseded the log cabins of the first settlers. To- 
day, the school houses which everywhere dot the broad and fertile prairies of 
Iowa are unsurpassed by those of any other State in the great Union. More 
especially is this true in all her cities and villages, where liberal and lavish 
appropriations have been voted, by a generous people, for the erection of large, 
commodious and elegant buildings, furnished with all the modern improvements, 
and costing from |1 0,000 to ,1$G0,000 each. The people of the State have ex- 
pended more than $10,000,000 for the erection of public school buildings. 

The first house erected in Iowa was a log cabin at Dubuque, built by James 
L. Langworthy and a few other miners, in the Autumn of 1833. When it was 
completed, George Cabbage was employed as teacher during the Winter of 
lS:]3-4, and thirty-five pupils attended his school. Barrett Whittemore taught 
the second term with twentv-five pupils in attendance. Mrs. Caroline Dexter 



HISTORY OF THE STATP] OF IOWA. / 219 

commenced teaching in Dubuque in March, 1836. She was the first female 
teacher there, and probably the first in Iowa. In 1839, Thomas H. Benton, 
Jr., afterward for ten years Superintendent of Public Instruction, opened an 
English and classical school in Dubuque. The first tax for the support of 
schools at Dubuque was levied in 1840. 

Among the first buildings erected at Burlington was a commodious log school 
house in 1834, in which Mr. Johnson Pierson taught the first school in the 
Winter of 1834-5. 

The first school in Muscatine County was taught by George Bumgardner, 
in the Spring of 1837, and in 1839, a log school house was erected in Musca- 
tine, which served for a long time for school house, church and public hall. 
The first school in Davenport was taught in 1838. In Fairfield, Miss Clarissa 
Sawyer, James F. Chambers and Mrs. Reed taught school in 1839. 

When the site of Iowa City was selected as the capital of the Territory of 
Iowa, in May, 1839, it was a perfect wilderness. The first sale of lots took 
place August 18, 1839, and before January 1, 1840, about twenty families had 
settled within the limits of the town ; and during the same year, Mr. Jesse 
Berry opened a school in a small frame building he had erected, on what is now 
College street. 

The first settlement in Monroe County was made in 1843, by Mr. John R. 
Gray, about two miles from the present site of Eddyville; and in the Summer 
of 1844, a log school house was buUt by Gray, William V. Beedle, C. Renfro, 
Joseph McMullen and Willoughby Randolph, and the first school was opened 
by Miss Urania Adams. The building was occupied for school purposes for 
nearly ten years. About a year after the first cabin was built at Oskaloosa, a 
log school house was built, in which school was opened by Samuel W. Caldwell 
in 1844. 

At Fort Des Moines, now the capital of the State, the first school was 
taught by Lewis Whitten, Clerk of the District Court in the Winter of 1846-7, 
in one of the rooms on " Coon Row," built for barracks. 

The first school in Pottawattomie County was opened by George Green, a 
Mormon, at Council Point, prior to 1849 ; and until about 1854, nearly, if not 
quite, all the teachers in that vicinity were Mormons. 

The first school in Decorah was taught in 1853, by T. W. Burdick, then a 
young man of seventeen. In Osceola, the first school was opened by Mr. D. 
W. Scoville. The first school at Fort Dodge was taught in 1855, by Cyrus C. 
Carpenter, since Governor of the State. In Crawford County, the first school 
house was built in Mason's Grove, in 1856, and Morris McHenry first occupied 
it as teacher. 

During the first twenty years of the history of Iowa, the log school house pre- 
vailed, and in 1861, there were 893 of these primitive structures in use for 
school purposes in the State. Since that time they have been gradually dis- 
appearing. In 1865, there were 796; in 1870, 336, and in 1875, 121. 

Iowa Territory was created July 3, 1838. January 1, 1839, the Territorial 
Legislature passed an act providing that " there shall bo established a common 
school, or schools in each of the counties in this Territory, which shall be 
open and free for every class of white citizens between the ages of five and 
twenty-one years." The second section of the act provided that " the County 
Board shall, from time to time, form such districts in their respective counties 
whenever a petition may be presented for the purpose by a majority of the 
voters resident within such contemplated district." These districts were gov- 
erned by boards of trustees, usually of three persons ; each district was required 



220 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

to maintain school at least three luontlis in every year ; and later, laws were 
enacted providing for county school taxes for the payment of teachers, and that 
whatever additional sum might be required should be assessed upon the parents 
sending, in proportion to the length of time sent. 

When Iowa Territory became a State, in 1846, with a population of 100,- 
000, and with 20,000 scholars within its limits, about four hundred school dis- 
tricts had been organized. In 1850, there were 1,200, and in 1857, the 
number had increased to 3,265. 

In March, 1858, upon the recommendation of Hon. M. L. Fisher, then Su- 
perintendent of Public Instruction, the Seventh General Assembly enacted that 
" each civil township is declared a school district," and provided that these should 
be divided into sub-districts. This law went into force March 20, 1858, and 
reduced the number of school districts from about 3,500 to less than 900. 

This change of school organization resulted in a very material reduction of 
the expenditures for the compensation of District Secretaries and Treasurers. 
An eifort was made for several years, from 1867 to 1872, to abolish the sub- 
district system. Mr. Kiss 11, Superintendent, recommended, in his report of 
January 1, 1872, and Governor Merrill forcibly endorsed his views in his annual 
message. But the Legislature of that year provided for the formation of inde- 
pendent districts from the sub-districts of district townships. 

The system of graded schools was inaugurated in 1849 ; and new schools, in. 
which more than one teacher is employed, are universally graded. 

The first official mention of Teachers' Institutes in the educational records 
of Iowa occurs in the annual report of Hon. Thomas H. Benton, Jr., made 
December 2, 1850, who said, " An institution of this character Avas organized a 
few years ago, composed of the teachers of the mineral regions of Illinois, 
Wisconsin and Iowa. An association of teachers has, also, been formed in the 
county of Henry, and an effort was made in October last to organize a regular 
institute in the county of Jones." At that time — although the beneficial 
influence of these institutes was admitted, it was urged that the expenses of 
attending them was greater than teachers with limited compensation were able 
to bear. To obviate this objection, Mr. Benton recommended that '* the sum of 
$150 should be appropriated annually for three years, to be drawn in install- 
ments of $50 each by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and expended 
for these institutions." He proposed that three institutes should be held annu- 
ally at points to be designated by the Superintendent. 

No' legislation in this direction, however, was had until March, 1858, when 
an act was passed authorizing tlie holding of teachers' institutes for periods not 
less than six working days, whenever not less than thirty teachers should desire. 
The Superintendent was authorized to expend not exceeding $100 for any one 
institute, to be paid out by the County Superintendent as the institute might 
direct for teachers and lecturers, and one thousand dollars was appropriated to 
defray the expenses of these institutes. 

Deceml)er 6, 1858, Mr. Fisher reported to the Board of Education that 
institutes had been appointed in twenty counties within the preceding six months, 
and more wouM have been, but the appropriation had been exhausted. 

The Board of Education at its first session, conmiencing December 6, 1858, 
enacted a code of school laws Avhich retained the existing provisions for teachers' 
institutes. 

In March, 1860, the General Assembly amended the act of the Board by 
appropriating " a sum not exceeding fifty dollars annually for one such institute, 
held as provided by law in each county." 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 221 

In 1865, Mr. Faville reported that " the provision made by the State for the 
benefit of teachers' institutes has never been so fully appreciated, both by the 
people and the teachers, as during the last two years." 

By act approved March 19, 1874, Normal Institutes were established in 
each county, to be held annually by the County Superintendent. This was. 
regarded as a very decided step in advance by Mr. Abernethy, and in 1876 the 
Sixteenth General Assembly established the first permanent State Normal 
School at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, appropriating the building and 
property of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place for that purpose. This 
school is now " in the full tide of successful experiment." 

The public school system of Iowa is admirably organized, and if the various 
officers who are entrusted with the educational interests of the commonwealth 
are faithful and competent, should and will constantly improve. 

" The public schools are supported by funds arising from several sources. 
The sixteenth section of every Congressional Township was set apart by the 
General Government for school purposes, being one-thirty-sixth part of all the 
lands of the State. The minimum price of these lands was fixed at one dollar 
and twenty-five cents per acre. Congress also made an additional donation ta 
the State of five hundred thousand acres, and an appropriation of five per cent, 
on all the sales of public lands to the school fund. The State gives to this 
fund the proceeds of the sales of all lands which escheat to it ; the proceeds of 
all fines for the violation of the liquor and criminal laws. The money derived 
from these sources constitutes the permanent school fund of the State, which 
cannot be diverted to any other purpose. The penalties collected by the courts 
for fines and forfeitures go to the school fund in the counties where collected. 
The proceeds of the sale of lands and the five per cent, fund go into the State 
Treasury, and the State distributes these proceeds to the several counties accord- 
ing to their request, and the counties loan the money to individuals for long 
terms at eight per cent, interest, on security of land valued at three times the 
amount of the loan, exclusive of all buildings and improvements thereon. The 
interest on these loans is paid into the State Treasury, and becomes the avail- 
able school fund of the State. The counties are responsible to the State for all 
money so loaned, and the State is likewise responsible to the school fund for all 
moneys transferred to the counties. The interest on these loans is apportioned 
by the State Auditor semi-annually to the several counties of the State, in pro- 
portion to the number of persons between the ages of five and twenty-one years. 
The counties also levy an annual tax for school purposes, which is apportioned 
to the several district townships in the same way. A district tax is also 
levied for the same purpose. The money arising from these several sources 
constitutes the support of the public schools, and is sufficient to enable 
every sub-district in the State to afford from six to nine months' school 
each year." 

The taxes levied for the support of schools are self-imposed. Under the 
admirable school laws of the State, no taxes can be legally assessed or collected 
for the erection of school houses until they have been ordered by the election of 
the district at a school meeting legally called. The school houses of Iowa are 
the pride of the State and an honor to the people. If they have been some- 
times built at a prodigal expense, the tax payers have no one to blame but 
themselves. The teacliers' and contingent funds are determined by the Board of 
Directors under certain legal restrictions. These boards are elected annually, 
except in the independent districts, in which the board may be entirely changed 
every three years. The only exception to this mode of levying taxes for support 



■^22 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of schools is the county school tax, which is detei'mined by the County Board 
of Supervisors. The tax is from one to three mills on the dollar ; usually, 
however, but one. Mr. Abernethy, who was Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion from 1872 to 1877, said in one of his reports : 

There is but little opposition to the levy of taxes for the support of schools, and there 
•would be still less if the funds were always properly guarded and judiciously expended. How- 
ever much our people disagree upon other subjects, tliey are practically united upon this. 
Tlie opposition of wealth has long since ceased to exist, and our wealthy men are usually the 
most liberal in their views and the most active friends of popular education. They are often 
found upon our scliool boards, and usually make tlie best of school officers. It is not uncommon 
for Boards of Directors, especially in the larger towns and cities, to be composed wholly of men 
who represent the enterprise, wealth and business of their cities. 

At the close of 1877, there were 1,086 township districts, 3,138 indepen- 
dent districts and 7,015 sub-districts. There Avere 9,948 ungraded and 476 
graded schools, with an average annual session of seven months and five days. 
There were 7,348 male teachers employed, whose average compensation was 
$34.88 per month, and 12,518 female teachers, with an average compensation 
of §28.69 per month. 

The number of persons between the ages 5 and 21 years, in 1877, was 
567.859; number enrolled in public schools, 421,163; total average attendance, 
251,372; average cost of tuition per month, $1.62. There are 9,279 frame, 
671 brick, 257 stone and 89 log school houses, making a grand total of 10,296, 
valued at $9,044,973. The public school libraries number 17,329 volumes. 
Ninety-nine teachers' institutes were held during 1877. Teachers' salaries 
amounted to $2,953,645. There was expended for school houses, grounds, 
libraries and apparatus, $1,106,788, and for fuel and other contingencies, 
$1,136,995, making the grand total of $5,197,428 expended by the generous 
people of Iowa for the support of their magnificent public schools in a single 
year. The amount of the permanent school fund, at the close of 1877, was 
$3,462,000. Annual interest, $276,960. 

In 1857, there were 3,265 independent districts, 2,708 ungraded schools, 
and 1,572 male and 1,424 female teachers. Teachers' salaries amounted to 
$198,142, and the total expenditures for schools was only $364,515. Six hun- 
dred and twenty-three volumes were the extent of the public school libraries 
twenty years ago, and there Avere only 1,686 school houses, valued at $571,064. 

In twenty years, teachers' salaries have increased from $198,142, in 1857, 
to $2,953,645 in 1877. Total school expenditures, from $364,515 to 
^5,197,428. 

The significance of such fiicts as these is unmistakable. Such lavish expen- 
ditures can only be accounted for by the liberality and public spirit of the 
people, all of whom manifest their love of popular education and their faith in 
the public schools by the annual dedication to their support of more than one 
per cent, of their entire taxable property; this, too, uninterruptedly through a 
series of years, commencing in the midst of a war which taxed their energies and 
resources to the extreme, and continuing through years of general depression in 
business — years of moderate yield of produce, of discouragingly low prices, and 
even amid the scanty surroundings and privations of pioneer life. Few human 
enterprises have a grander significance or give evidence of a more noble purpose 
than the generous contributions fi'om the scanty resources of the pioneer for the 
purposes of public education. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. ' 223 

POLITICAL RECORD. 

TERRITORIAL OFFICERS. 

Crovernors — Robert Lucas, 1838-41 ; John Chambers, 1841-45 ; James 
Clarke, 1845. 

Secretaries— WiWmm B. Conway, 1838, died 1839; James Clarke, 1839- 
0. H. W. Stull, 1841 ; Samuel J Burr, 1843 ; Jesse Williams, 1845. 

Auditors— Jesse \^illiams, 1840; Wm. L. Gilbert, 1843- Robert M, 
Secrest, 1845. 

Treasurers — Thornton Bayliss, 1839 ; Moro;an Reno, 1840. 

Judges — Charles Mason, Chief Justice, 1838 ; Joseph Williams, 1838 ; 
Thomas S. Wilson, 1838. 

Presidents of Council — Jesse B. Browne, 1838-0 ; Stephen Hempstead^ 
1839-40; M. Bainridge, 1840-1; Jonathan W. Parker, 1841-2; John D. 
Elbert, 1842-3; Thomas Cox, 1843-4; S. Clinton Hastings, 1845; Stephen 
Hempstead, 1845-6. 

Speakers of the House — William 11. Wallace, 1838-9 ; Edward Johnston, 
1839-40; Thomas Cox, 1840-1; Warner Lewis, 1841-2; James M. Morgan, 
1842-3 ; James P. Carleton, 1843-4 ; James M. Morgan, 1845 ; George W.. 
McCleary, 1845-6. 

First Constitutional Convention, 1S4-4- — Shepherd Leffler, President ; Geo.. 
S. Hampton, Secretary. 

Second Constitutional Convention, IS4.G — Enos Lowe, President ; William 
Thompson, Secretary. 

OFFICERS OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT. 

Governors — Ansel Briggs, 1846 to 1850 ; Stephen Hempstead, 1850 to 
1854; James W. Grimes, 1854 to 1858 ; Ralph P. Lowe, 1858 to 1860; Sam- 
uel J. Kirkwood, 1860 to 1864 ; William M. Stone, 1864 to 1868 ; Samuel 
Morrill, 1868 to 1872 ; Cyrus C. Carpenter, 1872 to 1876 ; Samuel J. Kirk- 
wood, 1876 to 1877; Joshua G. Newbold, Acting, 1877 to 1878; John H.. 
Gear, 1878 to . 

Lieutenant Governor — Office created by the new Constitution September 3^ 
1857— Oran Faville, 1858-9 ; Nicholas J. Rusch, 1860-1 ; John R. Needham, 
1862-3; Enoch W. Eastman, 1864-5; Benjamin F. Gue, 1866-7; John 
Scott, 1868-9; M. M. Walden, 1870-1; H. C. Bulis, 1872-3; Joseph Dy- 
sart, 1874-5 ; Joshua G. Newbold, 1876-7 ; Frank T. Campbell, 1878-9. 

Secretaries of State — Elisha Cutler, Jr., Dec. 5, 1846, to Dec. 4, 1848;. 
Josiah H. Bonney, Dec. 4, 1848, to Dec. 2, 1850; George W. McCleary, Dec. 
2, 1850, to Dec. 1, 1856 ; Elijah Sells, Dec. 1, 1856, to Jan. 5, 1863 ; James 
Wright, Jan. 5, 1863, to Jan. 7, 1867 ; Ed. Wright, Jan. 7, 1867, to Jan. 6., 
1873 ; Josiah T. Young, Jan. 6, 1873, to . 

Auditors of State— Joseph T. Fales, Dec. 5, 1846, to Dec. 2, 1850 ; Will- 
iam Pattee, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1854 ; Andrew J. Stevens, Dec. 4, 1854, 
resigned in 1855 ; John Pattee, Sept. 22, 1855, to Jan. 3, 1859 ; Jonathan: 
W. Cattell, 1859 to 1865; John A. Elliot, 1865 to 1871 ; John Russell, 1871 
to 1875 ; Buren R. Sherman, 1875 to . 

Treasurers of State— 'Movgixw Reno, Dec. 18, 1846, to Dec. 2, 1850 ; 
Israel Kister, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1852 ; Martin L. Morris, Dec. 4, 1852, 
to Jan. 2, 1859 ; John W. Jones. 1859 to 1863 ; William H. Holmes, 1863 to. 



224 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

1867 ; Samuel E. Rankin, 1867 to 1873 ; William Christy, 1873 to 1877 ; 
George W. Berais, 1877 to . 

Superintendents of Public Instruction — Office created in 1847 — James Harlan, 
June 5, 1845 (Supreme Court decided election void) ; Thomas 11, Benton, Jr., 
May 23, 1844, to June 7, 1854 ; James D. Eads, 1854-7 ; Joseph C. Stone, 
March to June, 1857 ; Maturin L. Fisher, 1857 to Dec, 1858, when the office 
was abolished and the duties of the office devolved upon the Secretary of the 
Board of Education. 

Secretaries of Board of Education — Thomas H. Benton, Jr., 1859-1863 ; 
Oran Faville, Jan. 1, 1864. Board abolished March 23, 1864. 

Superintendents of Public Instruction — Office re-created March 23, 1864 — 
Oran Faville, March 28, 1864, resigned March 1, 1867; D. Franklin Wells, 
March 4, 1867, to Jan., 1870 ; A. S. Kissell, 1870 to 1872 ; Alonzo Abernethy, 
1872 to 1877 ; Carl W. Von Coelln, 1877 to . 

State Binders — Office created February 21, 1855 — William M. Coles, May 
1, 1855, to May 1, 1859; Frank M. Mills, 1859 to 1867; James S. Carter, 
1867 to 1870; J. J. Smart, 1870 to 1874; H. A. Perkins, 1874 to 1875; 
James J. Smart, 1875 to 1876 ; H. A. Perkins, 1876 to . 

Registers of the State Land Office — Anson Hart, May 5, 1855, to May 
13, 1857 ; Theodore S. Parvin, May 13, 1857, to Jan. 3, 1859 ; Amos B. 
Miller, Jan. 3, 1859, to October, 1862 ; Edwin Mitchell, Oct. 31, 1862, to 
Jan 5, 1863 ; Josiah A. Harvey, Jan. 5, 1863, to Jan. 7, 1867 ; Cyrus C. 
Carpenter, Jan. 7, 1867, to January, 1871 ; Aaron Brown, January, 1871, to 
to January, 1875 ; David Secor, January, 1875, to . 

State Printers — Office created Jan. 3, 1840 — Garrett D. Palmer and 
George Paul, 1849; William H. Merritt, 1851 to 1853; William A. Hornish, 
1853 (resigned May 16, 1853); Mahoney & Dorr, 1853 to 1855; Peter 
Moriarty, 1855 to 1857 ; John Teesdale, 1857 to 1861 ; Francis W. Palmer, 
1861 to 1869; Frank M. Mills, 1869 to 1870; G. W. Edwards, 1870 to 
1872; R. P. Clarkson, 1872 to . 

Adjutants Creneral — Daniel S. Lee, 1851-5 ; Geo. W. McCleary, 1855-7 ; 
Elijah Sells, 1857 ; Jesse Bowen, 1857-61 ; Nathaniel Baker, 1861 to 1877 ; 
John H. Looby, 1877 to . 

Attorneys General — David C. Cloud, 1853-56 ; Samuel A. Rice, 1856-60; 
Charles C. Nourse, 1861-4; Isaac L. Allen, 1865 (resigned January, 1866); 
Frederick E. Bissell, 1866 (died June 12, 1867); Henry O'Connor, 1867-72; 
Marsena E. Cutts, 1872-6 ; John F. McJunkin, 1877. 

Presidents of the Senate — Thomas Baker, 1846-7 ; Thomas Hughes, 
1848; John J. Selman, 1848-9; Enos Lowe, 1850-1; William E. Leffing- 
well, 1852-3; Maturin L. Fisher, 1854-5; William W. Hamilton, 1856-7. 
Under the new Constitution, the Lieutenant Governor is President of the 
Senate. 

Speakers of the House — Jesse B. Brown, 1847-8 ; Smiley H. Bonhan, 
1849-50 ; George Temple, 1851-2 ; James Grant, 1853-4 ; Reuben Noble, 
1855-6 ; Samuel McFarland, 1856-7 ; Stephen B. Sheledy, 1858-9 ; John 
Edwards, 1860-1; Rush Clark, 1862-3; Jacob Butler, 1864-5; Ed. Wright, 
1866-7 ; John Russell, 1868-9 ; Aylett R. Cotton, 1870-1 ; James Wilson, 
1872-3; John H. Gear, 1874-7; John Y. Stone, 1878. 

New Constitutional Convention, 1859 — Francis Springer, President ; Thos. 
■J. Saunders, Secretary. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 225 

STATE OFFICERS, 1878. 

John H. Gear, Governor ; Frank T. Campbell, Lieutenant Governor ; Josiah 
T. Young, Secretary of State; Buren R. Sherman, Auditor of State; George 
W. Bemis, Treasurer of State; David Secor, Register of State Land Office; 
John H. Looby, Adjutant General; John F. McJunken, Attorney General; 
Mrs. Ada North, State Librarian; Edward J. Holmes, Clerk Supreme Court; 
John S. Runnells, Reporter Supreme Court; Carl W. Von Coelln, Superintend- 
ent Public Instruction; Richard P. Clarkson, State Printer; Henry A. Perkins, 
State Binder; Prof. Nathan R. Leonard, Superintendent of Weights and 
Measures; William H. Fleming, Governor's Private Secretary; Fletcher W. 
Young, Deputy Secretary of State; John C. Parish, Deputy Auditor of State; 
Erastus G. Morgan, Deputy Treasurer of State; John M. Davis, Deputy Reg- 
ister Land Office; Ira C. Kling, Deputy Superintendent Public Instruction. 

THE JUDICIARY. 

SUPREME COURT OF IOWA. 

Chief Justices. — Charles Mason, resigned in June, 1847; Joseph Williams, 
Jan., 1847, to Jan., 1848; S. Clinton Hastings, Jan., 1848, to Jan., 1849; Joseph 
Williams, Jan., 1849, to Jan. 11, 1855; Geo. G. Wright, Jan. 11, 1855, to Jan., 
1860 ; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan., 1860, to Jan. 1, 1862 ; Caleb Baldwin, Jan., 1862, to 
Jan., 1864 ; Geo. G. Wright, Jan., 1864, to Jan., 1866 ; RalphP. Lowe, Jan., 1866, 
to Jan., 1868 ; John F. Dillon, Jan., 1868, to Jan., 1870 ; Chester C. Cole, Jan. 
1, 1870, to Jan. 1, 1871; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 1871, to Jan. 1, 1872; Joseph 
M. Beck, Jan. 1, 1872, to Jan. 1, 1874; W. E. Miller, Jan. 1, 1874, to Jan. 1, 
1876; Chester C. Cole, Jan. 1, 1876, to Jan. 1, 1877; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 
1877, to Jan. 1, 1878; James H. Rothrock, Jan. 1, 1878. 

Associate Judges. — Joseph Williams; Thomas S. Wilson, resigned Oct., 
1847; John F. Kinney, June 12, 1847, resigned Feb. 15, 1854; George 
Greene, Nov. 1, 1847, to Jan. 9, 1855; Jonathan C. Hall, Feb. 15, 1854, to 
succeed Kinney, resigned, to Jan., 1855; William G. Woodward, Jan. 9, 1855; 
Norman W. Isbell, Jan. 16, 1855, resigned 1856; Lacen D. Stockton, June 3, 
1856, to succeed Isbell, resigned, died June 9, 1860; Caleb Bakhvin, Jan. 11, 
1860, to 1864 ; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan. 12, 1860 ; George G. Wright, June 26, 
1860, to succeed Stockton, deceased; elected U. S. Senator, 1870; John F. Dil- 
lon, Jan. 1, 1864, to succeed Baldwin, resigned, 1870; Chester C. Cole. March 
1, 1864, to 1877 ; Joseph M. Beck, Jan. 1, 1868 ; W. E. Miller, October 11, 
1864, to succeed Dillon, resigned; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 1871, to succeed 
Wright. 

SUPREME COURT, 1878. 

James H. Rothrock, Cedar County, Chief Justice; Joseph M. Beck, Lee 
County, Associate Justice; Austin Adams, Dubuque County, Associate Justice; 
William H. Seevers, Oskaloosa County, Associate Justice; James G. Day, Fre- 
mont County, Associate Justice. 

CONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATION. 

UNITED ST.VTES SENATORS. 

(The first General Assembly failed to elect Senators.) 

George W. Jones, Dubuque, Dec. 7, 1848-1858 ; Augustus C. Dodge, Bur- 
lington, Dec. 7, 1848-1855; James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, Jan. 6, 1855-1865; 
James W. Grimes, Burlington, Jan. 26, 1858-died 1870 ; Samuel J. Kirkwood, 
Iowa City, elected Jan. 1-3, 1866, to fill vacancy caused by resignation of James 



226 ' HISTORY OF the state of IOWA. 

Harlan ; James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, March 4, 1866-1872 ; James B. Howell, 
Keokuk, elected Jan. 20, 1870, to fill vacancy caused by the death of J. W. 
Grimes — term expired March 3d ; George G. Wright, Des Moines, March 4^ 
1871-1877; William B. Allison, Dubuque, March 4, 1872; Samuel J. Kirk- 
wood, March 4, 1877. 

MEMBERS OF HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

Twenty-ninth Congress — I84.G to 1847. — S. Clinton Hastings ; Shepherd 
Leffler. 

Thirtieth Congress — 1847 to 184-9. — First District, William Thompson : 
Second District, Shepherd Leffler. 

Thirtg-jirst Congress — 1849 to 1851. — First District, First Session, Wm. 
Thompson; unseated by the House of Representatives on a contest, and election 
remanded to the people. First District, Second Session, Daniel F. Miller. 
Second District, Shepherd Leffler. 

Thirty-second Congress — 1851 to 1853. — First District, Bernhart Henn. 
Second District, Lincoln Clark. 

Thirty-third Congress — 1853 to 1855. — First District, Bernhart Henn. 
Second District, John P. Cook. 

Thirty-fourth Congress — 1855 to 1857. — First District, Augustus HalL 
Second District, James Thorington. 

Thirty-fifth Congress — 1857 to 1859. — First District, Samuel R. Curtis. 
Second District, Timothy Davis. 

Thirty-sixth Congress — 1859 to 1861. — First District, Samuel R. Curtis. 
Second District, William Vandever. 

Thirty-seve7ith Congress — 1861 to 1863. — First District, First Session ^ 
Samuel R. Curtis.* First District, Second and Third Sessions, James F. Wil- 
son. Second District, William Vandever. 

Thirty-eighth Congress — 1863 to 1865. — First District, James F. Wilson. 
Second District, Hiram Price. Third District, William B. Allison. Fourth 
District, Josiah B. Grinnell. Fifth District, John A. Kasson. Sixth District, 
Asahel W. Hubbard. 

Thirty-ninth Corigress — 1865 to 1867. — First District, James F. Wilson ; 
Second District, Hiram Price; Third District, William B. Allison; Fourth 
District, Josiah B. Grinnell ; Fifth District, John A. Kasson ; Sixth District, 
Asahel W. Hubbard. 

Fortieth Congress — 1867 to 1869. — First District, James F. Wilson ; Sec- 
ond District, Hiram Price ; Third District, William B. Allison, Fourth District^ 
William Lougliridge; Fifth District, Grenville M. Dodge; Sixth District, 
Asahel W. Hubbard. 

Forty-first Congress — 1869 to 1871. — First District, George W. McCrary ; 
Second District, William Smyth ; Third District, William B. Allison ; Fourth 
District, William Loughridge ; Fifth District, Frank W. Palmer ; Sixth Dis- 
trict, Charles Pomeroy. 

Forty-second Congress — 1871 to 1873. — First District, George W. Mc- 
Crary ; Second District, Aylett R. Cotton ; Third District, W. G. Donnan ; 
Fourth District, Madison M. Waldon ; Fifth District, Frank W. Palmer ; Sixth 
District, Jackson Orr. 

Forty-third Congress~1873 to 7<97.7.— First District, George W. McCrary; 
Second District, Aylett R. Cotton; Third District, William Y. Donnan ; Fourth 
District, Henry 0. Pratt; Fifth District, James Wilson; Sixth District, 

* Vacated seat by acceptinco of commission as Brigailicr General, and J. F. Wilson chosen bis successor. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 223 

William Loughri Jge ; Seventh District, John A, Kasson ; Eighth District, 
James W. McDill ; Ninth District, Jackson Orr. 

Forty-fourth Congress — 1875 to 1S77. — First District, George W. Mc- 
Crary; Second District, John Q. Tufts; Third District, L. L. Ainsworth; 
Fourth District, Henry 0. Pratt; Fifth District, James Wilson; Sixth District, 
Ezekiel S. Sampson ; Seventh District, John A. Kasson ; Eighth District, 
James W. McDill ; Fifth District, Addison Oliver. 

Forty-fifth Congress — 1877 to 1879. — First District, J. C. Stone; Second 
District, Hiram Price ; Third District, T. W. Burdick ; Fourth District, H. C. 
Deering ; Fifth District, Rush Clark ; Sixth District, E. S. Sampson ; 
Seventh District, H. J. B. Cummings ; Eighth District, W. F. Sapp ; Ninth 
District, Addison Oliver. 

WAR RECORD. 

The State of Iowa may -well be proud of her record during the War of the 
Rebellion, from 1861 to 1865. The following brief but comprehensive sketch of 
the history she made during that trying period is largely from the pen of Col. A. 
P. Wood, of Dubuque, the author of "The History of loAva and the War," one 
of the best works of the kind yet written. 

"Whether in tlie promptitude of her responses to the calls made on her by 
the General Government, in the courage and constancy of her soldiery in the 
field, or in the wisdom and efficiency with which her civil administration Avas 
conducted during the trying period covered by the War of the Rebellion, Iowa 
proved herself the peer of any loyal State. The proclamation of her Governor, 
responsive to that of the President, calling for volunteers to compose her First 
Regiment, was issued on the fourth day after the fall of Sumter. At the end 
of only a single week, men enough were reported to be in quarters (mostly in 
the vicinity of their own homes) to fill the regiment. These, however, were 
harilly more than a tithe of the number who had been offered by company com- 
manders for acceptance under the President's call. So urgent were these offers 
that the Governor requested (on the 24th of April) permission to organize an 
additional regiment. While awaiting an answer to this request, he conditionally 
accepted a sufficient number of companies to compose two additional regiments. 
In a short time, he was notified that both of these Avould be accepted. Soon 
after the completion of the Second and Third Regiments (which was near the 
close of May), the Adjutant General of the State reported that upward of one 
hundred and seventy companies had been tendered to the Governor to serve 
ajxainst the enemies of the Union. 

" Much difficulty and considerable delay occured in fitting these ref^iments 
for the field. For the First Infantry a complete outfit (not uniform) of clothing 
was extemporized — principally by the volunteered labor of loyal women in the 
different towns — from material of various colors and qualities, obtained within 
the limits of the State. The same was done in part for the Second Infantry. 
Meantime, an extra session of the General Assembly had been called by the 
Governor, to convene on the loth of May. With but little delay, that body 
au*,horized a 1 )an of $800,000, to meet the extraordinary expenses incurred, and 
to be incurred, by the Executive Department, in consequence of the new emer- 
gency. A wealthy merchant of the State (Ex-Governor Merrill, then a resident 
of McGregor) immediately took from the Governor a contract to supply a com- 
plete outfit of clothing for the three regiments organized, agreeing to receive, 
should the Governor so elect, his pay therefor in State bonds at par. This con- 



230 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

tract he executed to the letter, and a portion of the clothing (which was manu- 
factured in Boston, to his order) Avas delivered at Keokuk, the place at which 
the troops had rendezvoused, in exactly one month from the day on which the 
contract had been entered into. The remainder arrived only a few days later. 
This clothing was delivered to the regiment, but was subsequently condemned 
by the Government, for the reason that its color was gray, and blue had been 
adopted as the color to be worn by the national troops." 

Other States also clothed their troops, sent forward under the first call of 
President Lincoln, with gray uniforms, but it was soon found that the con- 
federate forces were also clothed in gray, and that color was at once abandoned 
by the Union troops. If both armies Avere clothed alike, annoying if not fatal 
mistakes Avcre liable to be made. 

But while engaged in these efforts to discharge her whole duty in common with 
all the other Union-loving States in the great emergency, Iowa Avas compelled 
to make immediate and ample provision for the protection of her OAvn borders, 
from threatened invasion on the south by the Secessionists of Missouri, and 
from danger of incursions from the west and northwest by bands of hostile 
Indians, who Avere freed from the usual restraint imposed upon them by the 
presence of regular troops stationed at the frontier posts. These troops were 
AvithdraAvn to meet the greater and more pressing danger threatening the life of 
the nation at its very heart. 

To provide for the adequate defense of her borders from the ravages of both 
rebels in arms against the' Government and of the more irresistible foes from 
the Western plains, the Governor of the State Avas authorized to raise and equip 
two regiments of infantry, a squadron of cavalry (not less than five companies) 
and a battalion of artillery (not less than three companies.) Only cavalry were 
enlisted for home defense, however, "but," says Col. Wood, "in times of special 
danger, or Avhen calls were made by the Unionists of Northern Missouri for 
assistance against their disloyal enemies, large numbers of militia on foot often 
turned out, and i-eraained in the field until the necessity for their services had 
passed. 

" The first order for the Iowa volunteers to move to the field Avas received 
on the 13th of June. It was issued by Gen. Lyon, then commanding the 
United States forces in Missouri. The First and Second Infimtry immediately 
embarked in steamboats, and moved to Hannibal. Some tAvo Aveeks latei", the 
Third Infantry Avas ordered to the same point. These three, together Avith 
many other of the earlier organized loAva regiments, rendered their first field 
service in Missouri, The First Infantry formed a part of the little army Avith 
Avhich Gen. Lyon moved on Springfield, and fought the bloody battle of Wilson's 
Creek. It received unqualified praise for its gallant bearing on the field. In 
the folloAving month (September), the Third loAva, Avith but very slight support, 
fought Avith honor the sanguinary engagement of Blue Mills Landing; and in 
November, the Seventh Iowa, as a part of a force commanded by Gen. Grant, 
greatly distinguished itself in the battle of Belmont, Avhere it poured out its 
blood like Avater — losing more than half of the men it took into action. 

" The initial operations in Avhich the battles referred to took jdace Avere fol- 
loAved by the more important movements led by Gen. Grant, Gen. Curtis, of 
this State, and other c(mimanders, Avhich resulted in defeating the armies 
defending the chief strategic lines held by the Confederates in Kentucky, Tenn- 
nessee, Missouri and Arkansas, and compelling their AvithdraAval from much of 
the territory previously controlled by them in those States. In these and other 
movements, doAvn to the grand culminating campaign l)y Avhich Vicksburg was 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 231 

captured and the Confederacy permanently severed on the line of the Mississippi 
River, Iowa troops took part in steadily increasing numbers. In the investment 
and siege of Vicksburg, the State was represented by thirty regiments and two 
batteries, in addition to which, eight regiments and one battery were employed 
on the outposts of the besieging army. The brilliancy of their exploits on the 
many fields where they served won for them the highest meed of praise, both 
in military and civil circles. Multiplied were the terms in which expression 
was given to this sentiment, but these words of one of the journals of a neigh- 
boring State, 'The Iowa troops have been heroes among heroes,' embody the 
spirit of all. 

" In the veteran re-enlistments that distinguished the closing months of 1863 
above all other periods in the history of re-enlistments for the national armies, 
the Iowa three years' men (who Avere relatively more numerous than those of any 
other State) were prompt to set the example of volunteering for another term of 
equal length, thereby adding many thousands to the great army of those who 
gave this renewed and practical assurance that the cause of the Union should 
not be left without defenders. 

" In all the important movements of 1864-65, by Avhich the Confederacy 
was penetrated in every quarter, and its military power finally overthrown, the 
Iowa troops took part. Their drum-beat was heard on the banks of every great 
river of the South, from the Potomac to the Rio Grande, and everywhere they 
rendered the same faithful and devoted service, maintaining on all occasions their 
wonted reputation for valor in the field and endurance* on the march. 

" Two Iowa three-year cavalry regiments were employed during their whole 
term of service in the operations that were in progress from 1863 to 1866 
against the hostile Indians of the Avestern plains. A portion of these men were 
among the last of the volunteer troops to be mustered out of service. The State 
also supplied a considerable number of men to the navy, who took part in most 
of the naval operations prosecuted against the Confederate power on the Atlantic 
and Gulf coasts, and the rivers of the West. 

" The people of Iowa were early and constant Avorkers in the sanitary field, 
and by their liberal gifts and personal efi"orts for the benefit of the soldiery, 
placed their State in the front rank of those Avho became distinguished for their 
exhibitions of patriotic benevolence during the period covered by the Avar. 
Agents appointed by the Governor were stationed at points convenient for ren- 
dering assistance to the sick and needy soldiers of the State, while others Avere 
employed in visiting, from time to time, hospitals, camps and armies in the field, 
and doing Avhatever the circumstances rendered possible for the health and 
comfort of such of the Iowa soldiery as might be found there. 

" Some of the benevolent people of the State early conceived the idea of 
establishing a Home for such of the children of deceased soldiers as might be 
left in destitute circumstances. This idea first took form in 1863, and in the 
following year a Home Avas opened at Farmington, Van Buren County, in a 
building leased for that purpose, and which soon became filled to its utmost 
capacity. The institution received liberal donations from the general public, 
and also from the soldiers in the field. In 1865, it became necessary to pro- 
vide increased accommodations for the large number of children Avho Avere 
seeking the benefits of its care. This was done by establishing a branch 
at Cedar Falls, in Black HaAvk County, and by securing, during the same 
year, for the use of the parent Home, Camp Kinsman near the City of 
Davenport. This property Avas soon afterAA'ard donated to the institution, by 
act of Congress. 



232 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

" In 18G6, in pursuance of a law enacted for that purpose, the Soldiers' 
Orphans' Home (■which then contained about four hundred and fifty inmates) 
became a State institution, and thereafter the suras necessary for its support were 
appropriated from the State treasury. A second branch was established at 
Glenwood, Mills County. Convenient tracts were secured, and valuable improve- 
ments made at all the different points. Schools were also established, and em- 
ployments provided for such of the children as were of suitable age. In all 
ways the provision mude for these wards of the State has been such as to chal- 
lenge the approval of every benevolent mind. The number of children Avho 
have been inmates of the Home from its foundation to the present time is 
considerably more than two thousand. 

" At the beginning of the war, the population of Iowa' included about one 
hundred and fifty thousand men presumably liable to render military service. 
The State raised, for general service, thirty-nine regiments of infantry, nine 
regiments of cavalry, and four companies of artillery, composed of three years' 
men ; one regiment of infantry, composed of three months' men ; and four regi- 
ments and one battalion of infantry, composed of one hundred days' men. The 
original enlistments in these various organizations, including seventeen hundred 
and twenty-seven men raised by draft, numbered a little more than sixty-nine 
thousand. The re-enlistments, including upward of seven thousand veterans, 
numbered very nearly eight thousand. The enlistments in the regular army 
and navy, and organizations of other States, will, if added, raise the total to 
upAvard of eighty thousand. The number of men who, under special enlistments, 
and as militia, took part at different times in tlie operations on the exposed 
borders of the State, was probably as many as five thousand. 

" Iowa paid no bounty on account of the men she placed in the field. In 
some instances, toward the close of the war, bounty to a comparatively small 
amount was paid by cities and toAvns. On only one occasion — that of the call 
of July 18, 1864 — was a draft made in Iowa. This did not occur on account of 
her proper liability, as established by previous rulings of the War Department, 
to supply men under that call, but grew out of the great necessity that there 
existed for raising men. The Government insisted on temporarily setting aside, 
in part, the former rule of settlements, and enforcing a draft in all cases where 
subdistricts in any of the States should be found deficient in their supply of 
men. In no instance was Iowa, as a whole, found to be indebted to the General 
Government for men, on a settlement of her quo' a accounts." 

It is to be said to the honor and credit of Iowa that while many of the loyal 
States, older and larger in population and wealth, incurred heavy State debts 
for the purpose of fulfilling their obligations to the General Government, Iowa, 
Avhile she was foremost in duty, while she promptly discharged all her obligations 
to her sister States and the Uni6n, found herself at the close of the war without 
any material addition to her pecuniary liabilities incurred before the war com- 
menced. Upon final settlement after the restoration of peace, her claims upon 
the Federal Government were found to be fully equal to the amount of her- bonds 
issued and sold during the war to provide the means for raising and equipping 
her troops sent into the field, and to meet the inevitable demands upon her 
treasury in consequence of the war. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



233 



NUMBER OF TROOPS FURNISHED BY THE STATE OF IOWA 

DURING THE WAR OF THE REBELLION, 

TO JANUARY 1, 1865. 



No. Regiment. 



1st Iowa 
2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

■6th 

7 th 

8th 

9th 
10th 
nth 
12th 
13th 
14th 
15th 
16th 
17th 
18th 
19th 
20th 
21st 
22d 
23d 
24th 
25th 
26th 
27th 
28th 
29th 
30th 
31st 
32d 
33d 
S4th 
S5th 
36th 
37th 
38th 



Infantry . 



No. of 
men 



959 
,247 
,074 
,184 
,037 
,013 
,138 
,027 
,090 
,027 
,022 
981 
989 
840 
,196 
919 
956 
875 
985 
925 
980 
,008 
961 
979 
995 
919 
940 
956 
,005 
978 
977 
925 
985 
953 
984 
986 
914 
910 



No. Regiment. 



39th Iowa Infantry 

40th " " 

41st Battalion Iowa Infantry 

44th Infantry (100-days men) 

45th " " " 

46th " " " 

47th " " " 

48th Battalion " " 

1st Iowa Cavalry 

2d " " 

3d " " 

4th " " 

5th " " 

6th " '« 

7th " «' 

8th " " 

9th " " 

Sioux City Cavalry* 

Co. A, 11th I'enn. Cavalry 

1st Battery Artillery 

2d " " 

3d '< " 

4th " " 

1st Iowa African Infantry, 60th U. Sf.. 

Dodge's Brigade Band 

Band of 2d Iowa Infantry 

Enlistments as far as reported to Jan. 1, 

1864, for the older Iowa regiments 

Enlistments of Iowa men in regiments 
of other States, over 



Total 

Re-enlisted Veterans for diflferent Regi- 
ments 

Additional enlistments 



Grand total as far as reported up to Jan. 
1, 1865 



No. of 
men. 



933 

900 

294 

867 

912 

892 

884 

346 

1,478 

1,394 

1,360 

1,227 

1,245 

1,125 

562 

1,234 

1,178 

93 

87 

149 

123 

142 

162 

903 

14 

10 

2,765 

2,500 



61,653 

7,202 
6,664 



75,519 



This does not include those Iowa men who veteranized in the regiments of other States, nor 
4he names of men who enlisted during 1864, in regiments of other States. 
* Afterward consolidated with Seventh Cavalry. 
f Only a portion of this regiment was credited to the State. 



234 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



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238 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



POPULATION OF IOWA, 
By Counties. 



COUNTIES. 


AGGREGATE. 




1875. 


1870. 


1860. 


1830. 


1840. 


Voters. 


Adair 


7045 

7832 
19158 

2370 
17405 
28807 
22913 
17251 
13220 
17315 

3561 


3982 

4614 
17868 
16450 

1212 
22454 
21706 
14584 
12528 
17034 

1685 


984 

1538 

12287 

11931 

454 

8496 

8244 

4232 

4915 

7906 

67 






1616 


Adams 






1727 


Allamakee 


777 
8131 




3653 


Appanoose 

Audubon 




627 




3679 


Benton 


672 
135 
735 




4778 


Black Hawk 




4877 


Boone 




3515 


Bremer 




2656 


Buchanan 


517 




3890 


Buena Vista 




817 


Buncombe* 








Butler 


11734 

3185 

5760 

10552 

17879 

6685 

4249 

11400 

10118 

3559 

27184 

34295 

6089 

14386 

15757 

13249 

16898 

35415 

1748 

43845 

1436 

20515 

13100 

6558 

13719 

7028 

8134 

9638 

7701 

1482 

15029 

11818 

21594 

7875 

3455 

794 

17456 

23061 

24128 

17127 

24654 

19168 


9951 

1602 

2451 

5464 

19731 

4722 

1967 

10180 

8735 

1523 

27771 

85857 

2530 

12019 

15565 

12018 

17482 

27256 

1889 

38969 

1892 

16973 

10768 

4738 

11178 

4627 

6399 

7061 

6055 

999 

13684 

8931 

21463 

6282 

2596 

226 

16644 

22619 

22116 

178.39 

24898 

19731 


3724 

147 

281 

1612 

12949 

940 

68 

4336 

6427 

62 

20728 

18988 

888 

5244 

18764 

8677 

11024 

19611 

180 

31164 

105 

12073 

3744 

1309 

6074 

1374 

793 

3058 

1699 

179 

5440 

3621 

18701 

8168 

332 

48 

8029 

18493 

9883 

15088 

17573 

13306 






2598 


Calhoun 






681 


Carroll 






1197 








2422 




3941 


1253 


3934 


Cerro Gordo 


1526 


Cherokee 






1001 


Chickasaw 






2892 


Clarke 


79 




2213 


Clay 




868 




3873 
2822 


1101 
821 


5272 




5669 


Crawford 


1244 


Dallas 


854 
7264 

965 

1759 

12988 




3170 




3448 






2882 


Delaware 


168 
5577 


3662 


Des Moines 


6654 




394 




10841 


3059 


8769 


Emmet t 


299 


Fayette 


825 




4637 


Floyd 




2884 








1374 


Fremont 


1244 




2998 






1622 


Grundy 






1525 


Guthrie 






2839 


Hamilton 






1455 


Hancock 






303 


Hardin 






3215 








2658 


Henry 


8707 3772 


4641 




1712 


Humboldt 






695 


Ida 






172 




822 
7210 
1280 
9904 
4472 
3007 




3576 




1411 


4901 


Jasper 


5239 


2778 

1491 

471 


3721 




6225 


Jones 


4180 



* In 1862, name changed to Lyon. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

POPULATION OF IOWA— Concluded. 



239 



COUNTIES. 


•AGGREGATE. 




1875. 


1870. 


I860. 


1850. 


1840. 


Toters. 




20488 

3765 

33913 

31815 

12499 

11725 

1139 

16030 

23718 

24094 

19629 

10555 

11523 

2267 

12811 

10389 

21623 

2349 

1778 

14274 

2728 

5282 

2249 

31558 

21665 

16482 

7546 

2873 

39763 

5664 

3720 

13111 

18771 

10418 

8827 

17980 

18541 

19269 

23865 

13978 

13114 

24233 

2986 

8568 

4908 

3244 


19434 

3351 

38210 

28852 

12877 

10388 

221 

13884 

22508 

24436 

17576 

8718 

9582 

3654 

12724 

5934 

21688 

715 


13271 
416 

29232 

18947 

10370 

5766 


4822 




4202 


Kossuth. 






773 


Lee 


18861 

5444 

4939 

471 


6093 
1373 

1927 


6709 




7274 




2899 




2464 


Lyon* 




287 




7339 

14816 

16813 

6015 

4481 

3409 

832 

8612 

1256 

16444 

8 


1179 

5989 

5482 

338 




2632 


Mahaska 




5287 


Marion 




4988 


Marshall 




4445 


Mills 




2365^ 


Mitchell 






2338 








1292 


Monroe 


2884 




2743 


Montgomery 




2485 


Muscatine 


5731 


1942 


6588- 




595 


Osceola 






498 


Page 


9975 

1336 

.2199 

1446 

27857 

16893 

15581 

5691 

1411 

38599 

2540 

576 

11651 

16131 

6989 

6986 

17672 

22346 

17980 

18952 

11287 

10484 

1562 

23570 

6172 

2892 

2392 


4419 

132 

148 

103 

11625 

4968 

5668 

2923 

246 

25959 

818 

10 

4051 

5285 

3590 

2012 

17081 

14518 

10281 

14235 

6409 

2504 

168 

13942 

1119 

756 

653 


551 




3222^ 


Palo Alto 




556 


Plymouth 






1136 


Pocahontas 






464 


Polk 


4513 

7828 

615 




6842 


Pottawat tomie 




4392 


Poweshiek 





3634r 


Rinesold 


1496 


Sac 






657 


Scott 


5986 


2140 


7109 


Shelby 


1084 


Sioux 






63T 


Story 







2574: 


Tama 


8 
204 




3911 


Taylor 




2282 


Union 


1924 


Van Buren 


12270 
8471 

961 
4957 

340 


6146 


3893 


Wapello 


3923- 


Warren 




4168 


Washington 


1594 


5346 


Wayne 


2947 


Webster 




3747 


Winnebago 






4117 


Winneshiek 


546 




406 


Woodbury 




1776 


Worth 


:... 




763 


Wricrht 






694 











Total 


1353118 


1191792 


674913 


192214| 


4.'?119 


9.H4^.^7. 







240 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 



ILLINOIS. 

Length, 380 miles, mean width about 156 miles. Area, 55,410 square 
miles, or 35,462,400 acres. Illinois, as regards its surface, constitutes a 
table-land at a varying elevation ranging between 350 and 800 feet above 
the sea level ; composed of extensive and highly fertile prairies and plains. 
Much of the south division of the State, especially the river-bottoms, are 
thickly wooded. The prairies, too, have oasis-like clumps of trees 
scattered here and there at intervals. The chief rivers irrigating the 
State are the Mississippi — dividing it from Iowa and Missouri — the Ohio 
(^forming its south barrier), the Illinois, Wabash, Kaskaskia, and San- 
gamon, with their numerous affluents. The total extent of navigable 
streams is calculated at 4,000 miles. Small lakes are scattered over vari- 
ous parts of the State. Illinois is extremely prolific in minerals, chiefly 
coal, iron, copper, and zinc ores, sulphur and limestone. The coal-field 
alone is estimated to absorb a full third of the entire coal-deposit of North 
America. Climate tolerably equable and healthy ; the mean temperature 
standing at about 51" Fahrenheit As an agricultural region, Illinois takes 
a competitive rank with neighboring States, the cereals, fruits, and root- 
crops yielding plentiful returns ; in fact, as a grain-growing State, Illinois 
may be deemed, in proportion to her size, to possess a greater area of 
lands suitable for its production than any other State in the Union. Stock- 
raising is also largely carried on, while her manufacturing interests in 
regard of woolen fabrics, etc., are on a very extensive and yearly expand- 
inir scale. The lines of railroad in the State are among the most exten- 
fiive of the Union. Inland water-carriage is facilitated by a canal 
connecting the Illinois River with Lake Michigan, and thence with the 
,St. Lawrence and Atlantic. Illinois is divided into 102 counties ; the 
chief towns being Chicago, Springfield (capital), Alton, Quincy, Peoria, 
■Galena, Bloomington, Rock Island, Vandalia, etc. By the new Consti- 
tution, established in 1870, the State Legislature consists of 51 Senators, 
elected for four years, and 153 Representatives, for two years ; which 
numbers were to be decennially increased thereafter to the number of 
six per every additional half-million of inhabitants. Religious and 
educational institutions are largely diffused throughout, and are in a very 
flourishing condition. Illinois has a State Lunatic and a Deaf and Dumb 
Asylum at Jacksonville ; a State Penitentiary at Joliet ; and a Home for 

(90) 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 



241 



Soldiers' Orphans at Normal. On November 30, 1870, the public debt of 
the State was returned at $4,870,937, with a balance of 11,808,833 
unprovided for. At the same period the value of assessed and equalized 
property presented the following totals: assessed, $840,031,703 ; equal- 
ized $480,664,058. The name of Illinois, through nearly th. whole of 
the eighteenth century, embraced most of the known regions north and 
west of Ohio. French colonists established themselves in 1673, at 
Cahokia and Kaskaskia, and the territory of which these settlements 
formed the nucleus was, in 1763, ceded to Great Britain in conjunction 
with Canada, and ultimately resigned to the United States in 1787. 
Illinois entered the Union as a State, December 3, 1818; and now sends 
19 Representatives to Congress. Population, 2,539,891, in 1870. 




242 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 



INDIANA 



The profile of Indiana forms a nearly exact parallelogram, occupy- 
ing one of tlie most fertile portions of the great Mississippi Valley. The 
greater extent of the surface embraced within its limits consists of gentle 
undulations rising into hilly tracts toward the Ohio bottom. The chief 
rivers of the State are the Ohio and Wabasli, with their numerous 
aflluents. The soil is highly productive of the cereals and gra-sses — most 
particularly so in the valleys of the Ohio, Wabash, Whitewater, and 
White Rivers. The northeast and central portions are well timbered 
with virgin forests, and the west section is notably rich in coal, constitut- 
ing an offshoot of the great Illinois carboniferous field. Iron, copper, 
marble, slate, gypsum, and various clays are also abundant. From an 
agricultural point of view, the staple products are maize and wheat, with 
the other cereals in lesser yields ; and besides these, flax, hemp, sorghum, 
hops, etc., are extensively raised. Indiana is divided into 92 counties, 
and counts among her principal cities and towns, those of Indianapolis 
(the capital), Fort Wayne, Evansville, Terre Haute, Madison, Jefferson- 
ville, Columbus, Vincennes, South Bend, etc. The public institutions of 
the State are many and various, and on a scale of magnitude and 
efficiency commensurate with her important political and industrial status. 
Upward of two thousand miles of railroads permeate the State in all 
directions, and greatly conduce to the development of her expanding 
manufacturing interests. Statistics for the fiscal year terminating 
October 31, 1870, exhibited a total of receipts, $3,896,541 as against dis- 
bursements, 13,532,406, leaving a balance, $364,135 in favor of the State 
Treasury. The entire public debt, January 5, 1871, $3,971,000. This 
State was first settled by Canadian voyageurs in 1702, who erected a fort 
at Vincennes ; in 1763 it passed into the hands of the English, and was 
by the latter ceded to the United States in 1783. From 1788 till 1791, 
an Indian warefare prevailed. In 1800, all the region west and north of 
Ohio (then formed into a distinct territory) became merged in Indiana. 
In 1809, the present limits of the State were defined, Michigan and 
Illinois having previously been withdrawn. In 1811, Indiana was the 
theater of the Indian War of Tecumseh, ending with the decisive battle 
of Tippecanoe. In 1816 (December 11), Indiana became enrolled among 
the States of the American Union. In 1834, the State passed tlirough a 
monetary crisis owing to its having become mixed up with railroad, 
canal, and other speculations on a gigantic scale, which ended, for the 
tune being, in a general collapse of jniblic credit, and consec^uent bank- 
ruptcy. Since that time, however, the greater number of the public 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 243 

•works which had brought about that imbroglio — especially the great 
Wabash and Erie Canal — have been completed, to the great benefit of 
the State, whose subsequent progress has year by year been marked by 
rapid strides in the paths of wealth, commerce, and general social and 
political prosperity. The constitution now in force was adopted in 1851. 
Population, 1,680,637. 



IOWA. 

In shape, Iowa presents an almost perfect parallelogram ; has a 
length, north to south, of about 300 miles, by a pretty even width of 208 
miles, and embraces an area of 55,045 square miles, or 85,228,800 acres. 
The surface of the State is generally undulating, rising toward the 
middle into an elevated plateau which forms the " divide " of the 
Missouri and Mississippi basins. Rolling prairies, especially in the south 
section, constitute a regnant feature, and the river bottoms, belted with 
woodlands, present a soil of the richest alluvion. Iowa is well watered ; 
the principal rivers being the Mississippi and Missouri, which form 
respectively its east and west limits, and the Cedar, Iowa, and Des 
Moines, affluents of the first named. Mineralogically, Iowa is important 
as occupying a section of the great Northwest coal field, to the extent of 
an area estimated at 25,000 square miles. Lead, copper, zinc, and iron, 
are also mined in considerable quantities. The soil is well adapted to 
the production of wheat, maize, and the other cereals ; fruits, vegetables, 
and esculent roots ; maize, wheat, and oats forming the chief staples. 
Wine, tobacco, hops, and wax, are other noticeable items of the agricul- 
tural yield. Cattle-raising, too, is a branch of rural industry largely 
engaged in. The climate is healthy, although liable to extremes of heat 
and cold. The annual gross product of the various manufactures carried 
on in this State approximate, in round numbers, a sum of ^20,000,000. 
Iowa has an immense railroad system, besides over 500 miles of water- 
communication by means of its navigable rivers. The State is politically 
divided into 99 counties, with the following centers of population : Des 
Moines (capital), Iowa City (former capital), Dubuque, Davenj^ort, Bur- 
lington, Council Bluffs, Keokuk, Muscatine, and Cedar Rapids. The 
State institutions of Iowa — religious, scholastic, and philanthropic — are 
on a par, as regards number and perfection of organization and operation, 
Avith those of her Northwest sister States, and education is especially 
well cared for, and largely diffused. Iowa formed a portion of the 
American territorial acquisitions from France, by the so-called Louisiana 
purchase in 1803, and was politically identified with Louisiana till 1812, 



244 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 

when it merged into the Missouri Territory; in 1834 it came under the 
Michigan organization, and, in 1836, under that of Wisconsin. Finally, 
after being constituted an independent Territory, it became a State of 
the Union, December 28, 1846. Population in 1860, 674,913 ; in 1870, 
1,191,792, and in 1875, 1,353,118. 



MICHIGAN. 

United area, 56,243 square miles, or 35,995,520 acres. Extent of the 
Upper and smaller Peninsula — length, 316 miles; breadth, fluctuating 
between 36 and 120 miles. The south division is 416 miles long, by from 
50 to 300 miles wide. Aggregate lake-shore line, 1,400 miles. The 
Upper, or North, Peninsula consists chiefly of an elevated plateau, 
expanding into the Porcupine mountain-system, attaining a maximum 
height of some 2,000 feet. Its shores along Lake Superior are eminently 
bold and picturesque, and its area is rich in minerals, its product of 
copper constituting an important source of industry. Both divisions are 
heavily wooded, and the South one, in addition, boasts of a deep, rich» 
loamy soil, throwing up excellent crops of cereals and other agricultural 
produce. The climate is generally mild and humid, though the Winter 
colds are severe. The chief staples of farm husbandry include the cereals^ 
grasses, maple sugar, sorghum, tobacco, fruits, and dairy-stuffs. In 1870, 
the acres of land in farms were : improved, 5,096,939 ; unimjDroved 
woodland, 4,080,146 ; other unimproved land, 842,057. The cash value 
of land was $398,240,578 ; of farming implements and machinery, 
f 13,711,979. In 1869, there were shipped from the Lake Superior ports, 
874,582 tons of iron ore, and 45,762 of smelted pig, along with 14,188 
tons of copper (ore and ingot). Coal is another article largely mined. 
Inland communication is provided for by an admirably organized railroad 
system, and by the St. Mary's Ship Canal, connecting Lakes Huron and 
Superior. Michigan is politically divided into 78 counties ; its chief 
urban centers are Detroit, Lansing (capital), Ann Arbor, Marquette, 
Bay City, Niles, Ypsilanti, Grand Haven, etc. The Governor of the 
State is elected biennially. On November 30, 1870, the aggregate bonded 
debt of Michigan amounted to $2,385,028, and the assessed valuation of 
land to $266,929,278, representing an estimated cash value of $800,000,000. 
Education is largely diffused and most excellently conducted and pro- 
vided for. The State University at Ann Arbor, the colleges of Detroit 
and Kalamazoo, the Albion Female College, the State Normal School at 
Ypsilanti, and the State Agricultural College at Lansing, are chief among 
the academic institutions- Michigan (a term of Chippeway origin, and 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 245 

signifying " Great Lake), was discovered and first settled by French 
Canadians, who, in 1670, founded Detroit, the jjioneer of a series of trad- 
ing-posts on the Indian frontier. During the " Conspiracy of Pontiac," 
following the French loss of Canada, Michigan became the scene of a 
sanguinary struggle between the whites and aborigines. In 1796, it 
became annexed to the United States, which incorporated this region 
with the Northwest Territory, and then with Indiana Territory, till 1803, 
when it became territorially independent. Michigan was the theater oi 
warlike operations during the war of 1812 with Great Britain, and in 
1819 was authorized to be represented by one delegate in Congress ; in 
1837 she was admitted into the Union as a State, and in 1869 ratified the 
loth Amendment to the Federal Constitution. Population, 1,184,059. 



WISCONSIN. 

It has a mean length of 260 miles, and a maximum breadth of 215. 
Land area, 53,924 square miles, or 34,511,360 acres. Wisconsin lies at a 
considerable altitude above sea-level, and consists for the most part of an 
upland plateau, the surface of which is undulating and very generally 
diversified. Numerous local eminences called mounds are interspersed 
over the State, and the Lake Michigan coast-line is in many parts char- 
acterized by lofty escarped cliffs, even as on the Avest side the banks of 
the Mississippi form a series of high and picturesque bluffs. A group of 
islands known as The Apostles lie off .the extreme north point of the 
State in Lake Superior, and the great estuary of Green Bay, running far 
inland, gives formation to a long, narrow peninsula between its waters 
and those of Lake Michigan. The river-system of Wisconsin has three 
outlets • — those of Lake Superior, Green Bay, and the Mississippi, which 
latter stream forms the entire southwest frontier, widening at one point 
into the large watery exj^anse called Lake Pej^in. Lake Superior receives 
the St. Louis, Burnt Wood, and Montreal Rivers ; Green Bay, the 
Menomouee, Peshtigo, Oconto, and Fox ; while into the Mississippi 
empty the St. Croix, Chippewa, Bkick, Wisconsin, and Rock Rivers. 
The chief interior lakes are those of Winnebago, Horicon, and Court 
Oreilles, and smaller sheets of water stud a great part of the surface. 
The climate is healthful, with cold Winters and brief but very warm 
Summers. Mean annual rainfall 31 inches. The geological system 
represented by the State, embraces those rocks included between the 
primary and the Devonian series, the former containing extensive 
deposits of copper and iron ore. Besides these minerals, lead and zinc 
are found in great quantities, together with kaolin, plumbago, gypsum. 



24(3 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 

and various clays. Mining, consequently, forms a prominent industry, 
and one of yearly increasing dimensions. The soil of Wisconsin is of 
varying quality, but fertile on the whole, and in the north parts of the 
State heavily timbered. The agricultural yield comprises the cereals, 
together with flax, hemp, tobacco, pulse, sorgum, and all kinds of vege- 
tables, and of the hardier fruits. In 1870, the State had a total number 
of 102,904 farms, occupying 11,715,321 acres, of which 5,899,343 con- 
sisted of improved land, and 3,437,442 were timbered. Cash value of 
farms, $300,414,064 ; of farm implements and machinery, $14,239,364. 
Total estimated value of all farm products, including betterments and 
additions to stock, $78,027,032 ; of orchard and dairy stuffs, $1,045,933 ; 
of lumber, $1,327,618 ; of home manufactures, $338,423 ; of all live-stock, 
$45,310,882. Number of manufacturing establishments, 7,136, employ- 
ing 39,055 hands, and turning out productions valued at $85,624,966. 
The political divisions of the State form 61 counties, and the chief places 
of wealth, trade, and population, are Madison (the capital), Milwaukee, 
Fond du Lac, Oshkosh, Prairie du Chien, Janesville, Portage City, 
Racine, Kenosha, and La Crosse. In 1870, the total assessed valuation 
reached $333,209,838, as against a true valuation of botli real and personal 
estate aggregating $602,207,329. Treasury receipts during 1870, $886,- 
696 ; disbursements, $906,329. Value of church property, $4,749,983. 
Education is amply provided for. Independently of the State University 
at Madison, and those of Galesville and of Lawrence at Appleton, and 
the colleges of Beloit, Racine, and Milton, there are Normal Schools at 
Platteville and Whitewater. The State is divided into 4,802 common 
school districts, maintained at a cost, in 1870, of $2,094,100. The chari- 
table institutions of Wisconsin include a Deaf and Dumb Asylum, an 
Institute for the Education of the Blind, and a Soldiers' Orphans' School. 
In January, 1870, the railroad system ramified throughout the State 
totalized 2,779 miles of track, including several lines far advanced toward 
completion. Immigration is successfully encouraged by the State author- 
ities, the larger number of yearly new-comers being of Scandinavian and 
German origin. The territory now occupied within the limits of the 
State of Wisconsin was explored by French missionaries and traders in 
1639, and it remained under French jurisdiction until 1703, Avhen it 
became annexed to the British North American possessions. In 1796, it 
reverted to the United States, the government of which latter admitted 
it Avitldn the limits of the Northwest Territory, and in 1809, attached it 
to that of Illinois, and to Michigan in 1818. Wisconsin became independ- 
ently territorially organized in 1836, and became a State of the Union, 
March 3, 1847. Population in 1870, 1,064,985, of which 2,113 were of 
the colored race, and 11,521 Indians, 1,206 of the latter being out of 
tribal relations. 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 247 



MINNESOTA 



Its length, north to south, embraces an extent of 380 miles ; its 
oreadth one of 250 miles at a maximum. Area, 84,000 square miles, or 
54,700,000 acres. The surface of Minnesota, generally speaking, con- 
sists of a succession of gently undulating plains and prairies, drained by 
an admirable water-system, and with here and there heavily- timbered 
bottoms and belts of virgin forest. The soil, corresponding with such a 
superfices, is exceptionally rich, consisting for the most part of a dark, 
calcareous sandy drift intermixed with loam. A distinguishing physical 
feature of this State is its riverine ramifications, expanding in nearly 
every part of it into almost innumerable lakes — the whole presenting an 
aggregate of water-power having hardly a rival in the Union. Besides 
the Mississippi — which here has its rise, and drains a basin of 800 miles 
of country — the principal streams are the Minnesota (334 miles long), 
the Red River of the North, the St. Croix, St. Louis, and many others of 
lesser importance ; the chief lakes are those called Red, Cass, Leech, 
Mille Lacs, Vermillion, and Winibigosh. Quite a concg,tenation of sheets 
of water fringe the frontier line where Minnesota joins British America, 
culminating in the Lake of the Woods. It has been estimated, that of 
an area of 1,200,000 acres of surface between the St. Croix and Mis- 
sissipj3i Rivers, not less than 73,000 acres are of lacustrine formation. In 
j)oint of minerals, the resources of Minnesota have as yet been very 
imperfectly developed; iron, copper, coal, lead — all these are known to 
exist in considerable deposits ; together with salt, limestone, aiid potter's 
clay. The agricultural outlook of the State is in a high degree satis- 
factory ; wheat constitutes the leading cereal in cultivation, with Indian 
corn and oats in next order. Fruits and vegetables are grown in great 
plenty and of excellent quality. The lumber resources of Minnesota are 
important ; the pine forests in the north region alone occupying an area 
of some 21,000 square miles, which in 1870 produced a return of scaled 
logs amounting to 313,116,416 feet. The natural industrial advantages 
possessed by Minnesota are largely improved upon by a railroad system. 
The political divisions of this State number 78 counties; of which the 
chief cities and towns are : St, Paul (the capital), Stillwater, Red Wing, 
St. Anthony, Fort Snelling, Minneapolis, and Mankato. Minnesota has 
already assumed an attitude of high importance as a manufacturing State ; 
this is mainly due to the wonderful command of water-power she pos- 
sesses, as before spoken of. Besides her timber-trade, the milling of 
flour, the distillation of whisky, and the tanning of leather, are prominent 
interests, which in 1869, gave returns to the amount of $14,831,043. 



248 THE NORTIIWESTERN STATES. 

Education is notably provided for on a broad and catholic scale, the 
entire amount expended scholastically during the year 1870 being $857,- 
816 ; while on November 30 of the preceding year the permanent school 
fund stood at 82,470,222. Besides a University and Agricultural College, 
Normal and Reform Schools flourish, and with these may be mentioned 
such various philanthropic and religious institutions as befit the needs of 
an intelligent and prosperous community. The finances of the State for 
the fiscal year terminating December 1, 1870, exhibited a balance on the 
right side to the amount of $136,164, being a gain of $44,000 over the 
previous year's figures. The earliest exploration of Minnesota by the 
whites was made in 1680 by a French Franciscan, Father Hennepin, who 
gave the name of St. Antony to the Great Falls on the Upper Missisippi. 
In 1763, the Treaty of Versailles ceded this region to England. 
Twenty years later, Minnesota formed part of the Northwest Territory 
transferred to the United States, and became herself territorialized inde- 
pendently in 1849. Indian cessions in 1851 enlarged her boundaries, and. 
May 11, 1857, Minnesota became a unit of the great American federation 
of States. Population, 439,706. 



NEBRASKA. 

Maximum length, 412 miles ; extreme breadth, 208 miles. Area, 
75,905 square miles, or 48,636,800 acres. The surface of this State is 
almost entirely undulating prairie, and forms part of the Avest slope of 
the great central basin of the North American Continent. In its west 
division, near the base of the Rock}' Mountains, is a sandy belt of 
country, irregularly defined. In this part, too, are the " dunes," resem- 
bling a wavy sea of sandy billows, as well as the Mauvaises Terres. a tract 
of singular formation, produced by eccentric disintegrations and denuda- 
tions of the land. The chief rivers are the Missouri, constituting its en- 
tire east line of demarcation ; the Nebraska or Platte, the Niobrara, the 
Republican Fork of the Kansas, the Elkhorn, and the Loup Fork of the 
Platte. The soil is very various, ])at consisting chiefly of ricli, bottomy 
loam, admirably adapted to the raising of heavy crops of cereals. All 
the vegetables and fruits of the temperate zone are produced in great 
size and plenty. For grazing purposes Nebraska is a State exceptionally 
well fitted, a region of not less than 23,000,000 acres being adaptable to 
this branch of husbandry. It is believed that the, as yet, comparatively 
infertile tracts of land found in various parts of the State are susceptible 
of productivity by means of a properly conducted system of irrigation. 
Few minerals of moment have so far been found within the limits of 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 



249 



Nebraska, if we may except important saline deposits at the head of Salt 
Creeic in its southeast section. The State is divided into 67 counties, 
independent of the Pawnee and Winnebago Indians, and of unorganized 
territory in the northwest part. The principal towns are Omaha, Lincoln 
(State capital), Nebraska City, Columbus, Grand Island, etc. In 1870, 
the total assessed value of property amounted to $53,000,000, being an 
increase of $11,000,000 over the previous year's returns. The total 
amount received from the school-fund during the year 1869-70 was 
$77,999. Education is making great onward strides, the State University 
and an Agricultural College being far advanced toward completion. In 
the matter of railroad communication, Nebraska bids fair to soon place 
herself on a par with her neighbors to the east. Besides being inter- 
sected by the Union Pacific line, with its off-shoot, the Fremont and Blair, 
other tracks are in course of rapid construction. Organized by Con- 
gressional Act into a Territory, May 30, 1854, Nebraska entered the 
Union as a full State, March 1, 1867. Population, 122,993. 




iniXTlX(J PEAIEIE WOLVES IN AX IJAKLY DAY. 



250 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 

We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union^ 
establish jztsiice, insure domestic tranquillity, ^jroy«c?e for the common 
defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty 
to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution 
for the United States of America. 

Article I. 

Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in 
a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and 
House of Representatives. 

Sec. 2. The House of Representatives shall he composed of mem- 
bers chosen ever}^ second year by the people of the several states, and the 
electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of 
the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. 

No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the 
age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United 
States, and who shall not, v/hen elected, be an inhabitant of that state in 
which he shall be chosen. 

Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the sev- 
eral states which may be included within this Union, according to their 
respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole 
number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of 
years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. 
The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first 
meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subse- 
quent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The 
number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, 
but each state shall have at least one Representative ; and until such 
enumeration shall be made the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled 
to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plan- 
tations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylva- 
nia eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten. North Carolina five, 
and Georgia three. 

When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the 
Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such 
vacancies. 

The House of Re[)resentatives shall choose their Speaker and other 
officers, and shall havu ihe sole power of impeachment. 

Sec. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two 
Senators from each state, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years ; 
and each Senator shall have one vote. 

Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first 
election, tliey shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. 
The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expira- 



AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 2ol 

tion of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth 
year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that 
one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen b}'^ 
resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any state, 
the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next 
meeting of the Legislature, which shall tlien fill such vacaxicies. 

No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age 
of thirty years and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and 
who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he 
shall be chosen. 

The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of tli 
Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. 

The Senate shall choose their other oflicers, and also a President jwro 
tempore^ in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise 
the office of President of the United States. 

The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When 
sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the 
President of the United States is tried the Chief Justice shall preside. 
And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds 
of the members present. 

Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to 
removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of 
honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted 
shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, 
and punishment according to law. 

Sec. 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Sen- 
ators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each state by the Legis- 
lature thereof ; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter 
such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. 

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such 
meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by 
law appoint a different day. 

Sec. 5. Each house shall be the judge of the election, returns, and 
qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute 
a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to 
day, and may be authorized to compel the- attendance of absent members 
in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. 

Each liouse may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its 
members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, 
expel a member. 

Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to 
time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, 
require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house 
on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered 
on the journal. 

Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the 
consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other 
place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. 

Sec. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compen- 
sation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the 
treasury of the United States, They shall in all cases, except treason, 



252 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 

felony, and l)reach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their 
attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and 
returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either house 
they shall not be questioned in any other place. 

No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was 
elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United 
States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall 
have been increased during such time ; and no person holding an}- office 
under the United States, shall be a member of either house during his 
continuance in office. 

Sec. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of 
Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur Avith amendments 
as on ( ther bills. 

Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and 
the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President 
the United States ; if he approve he shall sign it ; but if not he shall 
return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have origi- 
nated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and 
proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration two-thirds of that 
house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objec- 
tions, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if 
approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all 
such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, 
and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered 
on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned 
by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have 
been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he 
had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its 
return, in which case it shall not be a law. 

Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the 
Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a 
question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the 
United States, and before the same shall take effect shall be approved by 
him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by two-thirds of 
the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and lim- 
itations prescribed in the case of a bill. 

Sec. 8. The Congress shall have power — 

To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts, 
xind provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United 
k^tates ; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout 
the United States ; , 

To borrow money on the credit of the United States ; 

To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several 
Str^tes, and with the Indian tribes ; 

To estaljlish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on 
the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States ; 

To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and 
fix the standard of weights and measures ; 

To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and 
current coin of the United States; 

To establish post offices and post roads ; 



AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 253 

To promote the progress of sciences and useful arts, by securing, 
for limited times, to authors and inventors, tlie exclusive right to tlieir 
respective writings and discoveries ; 

To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court ; 

To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high 
seas, and offenses against tiie law of nations ; 

To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules 
concerning captures on land and water ; 

To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that 
use shall be for a longer term than two years ; 

To provide and maintain a navy ; 

To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and 
naval forces ; 

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the 
Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions ; 

To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and 
for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the 
United States, reserving to the states respectively the appointment of the 
officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the disci- 
pline prescribed by Congress ; 

To exercise legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not 
exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and tho 
acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United 
States, and to exercise like authority over all i)laces purchased by the 
consent of the Legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for 
the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock yards, and other needful 
buildings ; and 

To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying 
into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this 
Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any depart- 
ment or officer thereof. 

Sec. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the 
states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited 
by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, 
but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten 
dollars for each person. 

The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, 
unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may 
require it. 

No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. 

No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion 
to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken. 

No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. 

No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or rev 
enue to the ports of one state over those of another ; nor shall vessels 
bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in 
another. 

No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of 
appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of 
the receipts and expeditures of all public money shall be published from 
time to time. 



254 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 

No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States : and no 
person holding any office of profit or trust nnder them, shall, without the 
consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title 
of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. 

Sec. 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confeder- 
ation ; grant letters of marque and reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of 
credit ; make anything .but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of 
debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the 
obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. 

No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts 
or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary 
for executing its inspection laws, and the net produce of all duties and 
imposts laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the 
Treasury of the United States ; and all such laws shall be subject to the 
revision and control of the Congress. 

No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on 
tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any 
agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or 
engage in Avar, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will' 
not admit of delay. 

Article II. 

Section 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of 
the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term 
of four years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same 
term, be elected as follows : 

Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof 
may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators 
and Representatives to which the state may be entitled in the Congress ; 
but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or 
profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. 

[*The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote Ijy 
ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of 
the same state .with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the 
persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each ; which list they 
shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government 
of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The Pres- 
ident of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Rep- 
resentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. 
The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, 
if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; 
and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal 
number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately 
choose by ballot one of them for President; and if no person have a ma- 
jority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like 
manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the vote 
shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one 
vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members 
from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be 
necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, 

• This clause between brackets lias been superseded and annulled by the Twelfth amendment 



AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 255 

the person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be 
the Vice-President. Bnt if there should remain two or more who have 
equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-Presi- 
dent.] 

The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and 
the day on which they shall give their votes ; which day shall be the same 
throughout the United States. 

No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United 
States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible 
to the office of President ; neither shall any person be eligible to that 
office who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been 
fourteen years a resident within the United States. 

In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, 
resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said 
office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress 
may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inabil- 
ity, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall 
then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the dis- 
ability be removed, or a President shall be elected. 

The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a com- 
pensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the 
period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive 
within that period any other emolument from the United States or any of 
them. 

Before he enters on the execution of his office, he shall take the fol- 
lowing oath or affirmation : 

" I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the 
office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, 
preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." 

Sec. 2. The President shall be commander in chief of the army and 
navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when 
called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the 
opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive 
departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective 
offices, and he shall have powe]- to grant reprieves and pardon for offenses 
against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. 

He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present con- 
cur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice of the Senate, 
;;hall appoint ambassaaors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of 
the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose 
appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be 
established by law ; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment 
of such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in 
the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. 

The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may 
happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which 
shall expire at the end of their next session. 

Sec. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information 
of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such mea- 
sures as he shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may on extraordinary 



256 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 

occasions convene both houses, or either of them, and in case of disagree- 
ment between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may 
adjourn tliem to such time as he shall think proper ; he shall receive 
ambassadors and other public ministers ; he shall take care that the laws be 
faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United 
States. 

Sec. 4. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the 
United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and con 
viction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. 

Article III. 

Section I. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested 
in one Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as the Congress may from 
time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme and 
inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at 
stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be 
diminished during their continuance in office. 

Sec. 2. Tlie judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and 
equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and 
treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority ; to all cases 
affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls ; to all cases of 
admiralty and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United 
States shall be a party ; to controversies between two or more states ; 
between a state and citizens of another state ; between citizens of differ- 
ent states ; between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants 
of different states, and between a state or the citizens thereof, and foreign 
states, citizens, or subjects. 

In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, 
and those in which a state shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have 
original jurisdiction. 

In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall 
have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions 
and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. 

The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by 
jury ; and such trial shall be held in the state where tlie said crimes shall 
have been committed ; but when not committed within anj'' state, the 
trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have 
directed. 

Sec. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levy- 
ing war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid 
and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the tes- 
timony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open 
court. 

The Congress shall liave power to declare the punishment of treason 
but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture 
except during the life of the person attainted. 

Article IV. 

Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the 
public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. A.ud 



AND ITS AMENDMENTS. '257 

tlie Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such 
acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. 

Sec. 2. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges 
and immunities of citizens in the several states. 

A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, 
who shall flee from justice and be found in another state, shall, on demand 
of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered 
up, to be removed to the state having jurisdicl'on of the crime. 

No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof 
escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation 
therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered 
up on the claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. 

Sec. 3. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this Union ; 
but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any 
other state ; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, 
or parts of states, without the consent of the Legislatures of the states 
concerned, as well as of the Congress. 

The Congress shall have jjower to dispose of and make all needful 
rules and regulations respecting the teriitor\^ or other property belonging 
to the United States ; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed 
as to prejudice any claims of the United States or of any particular state. 

Sec. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this 
Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them 
against invasion, and on application of the Legislature, or of the Execu- 
tive (when the Legislature can not be convened), against domestic vio- 
lence. 

Aeticle V. 

The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it 
necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the ap- 
plication of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call 
a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be 
valid to all intents and purposes as part of this Constitution, when rati- 
fied by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several states, or by con- 
ventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratifi- 
cation may be proposed by the Congress. Provided that no amendment 
which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and 
eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth 
section of the first article ; and that no state, without its consent, shall 
be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. 

Article VI. 

All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adop- 
tion of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under 
this Constitution as under the Confederation. 

This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be 
made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, 
under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the 
land ; and the Judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in 
the Constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding. 

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the mem- 



258 



CONSTITUTION OP THE UNITED STATES 



bers of the several state Legislatures, and all executive and judicial offi- 
cers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound 
by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution ; but no religious test 
sliall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under 
the United States. 

Article VII. 

The ratification of the Conventions of nine states shall be sufficient 
for the establishment of this Constitution between the states so ratifying 
the same. 

Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the states present, the 
seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand 
seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the independence of the 
United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have 
hereunto subscribed our names. 

GEO. WASHINGTON, 
President and Deputy from Virginia. 



New Hampshire, 
John Langdon, 
Nicholas Gilman. 

Massachusetts. 
Nathaniel Gorham, 
KuFus King. 

Connecticut. 
Wm. Sam'l Johnson, 
Roger Sherman. 

Nieiv York. 
Alexander Hamilton. 

New Jersey. 
WiL. Livingston, 
Wm. Paterson, 
Davh) Brearley, 
JoNA. Dayton. 

Pennsylvania. 
B. Franklin, 
IloBT. Morris, 
Thos. Fitzsimons, 
James Wilson, 
Thos. Mifflin, 
Geo. Clymer, 
Jared Ingersoll, 
Gouv. Morris. 



Delaware. 
Geo. Read, 
John Dickinson, 
Jaco. Broom, 
Gunning Bedford, Jr., 
Richard Bassett. 

Maryland. 
James M'Henry, 
Danl. Carroll, 
Dan. of St. Thos. Jenifer. 

Virginia. 
John Blair, 
James Madison, Jr. 

North Carolina. 
Wm. Blount, 
Hu. Williamson, 
Rich'd Dobbs Spaight. 

South Carolina. 
j. rutledge, 
Charles Pinckney, 
Chas. Cotesworth Pinckney, 
Pierce Butler. 

Georgia. 
William Few, ' 

Abr. Baldwin. 

WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. 



AND ITS AMENDMENTS. £59 



Articles in Addition to and Amendatory of the Constitution 
OF THE United States of America. 

Proposed by Congress and ratified hy the Legislatu7'es of the several states, 
pursuant to the fifth article of the original Constitution. 

Article I. 

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment cf religion, 
or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of 
speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, 
and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. 

Article II. 

A well regnlated militia being necessary to the security of a free 
state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. 

Article III. 

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without 
the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be pre- 
scribed by law. 

Article IV. 

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, 
and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be vio- 
lated ; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by 
oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched 
and the persons or things to be seized. 

Article V. 

No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous 
crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in 
cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual 
service in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject 
for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall 
be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be 
deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law ; nor 
shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. 

Article VI. 

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a 
speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district 
wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have 
been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and 
cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; 
to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor ; and to 
have the assistance of counsel for his defense. 

Article VII. 

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed 
twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, a,nd no fact 



260 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 

tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United 
States than according to the rules of the common law. 

Article VIII. 

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, 
nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 

Article IX. 

The enumeration, in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be 
construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 

Article X. 

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, 
nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, 
or to the people. 

Artic:.e XI. 

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to 
extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one 
of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or sub- 
jects of any foreign state. 

Article XII. 

The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot 
for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an 
inhabitant of the same state with themselves ; they shall name in their 
ballots the person to be voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the 
person voted for as Vice-President, and the}^ shall make distinct lists of 
all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice- 
President, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign 
and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United 
States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the 
Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, 
open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person 
having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, 
if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; 
and if no jjcrson have such majority, then from the persons having the 
highest number not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as 
President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by 
ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be 
taken by States, the representation from each state having one vote; a 
quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two- 
thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to 
a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a Presi- 
dent whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the 
fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President siiall act as 
President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of 
the President. Tiie person having the greatest number of votes as Vice- 
President, shall l)e the Vice-President, if sucli number be the majority 
of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a major- 



AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 263 

itj; then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose 
the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds 
of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number 
shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible 
to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the 
United States. 

Article XIII. 

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a 
punishment for crime, whereof tlie party shall have been duly convicted, 
shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their juris- 
diction. 

Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro- 
priate legislation. 

Aeticle XIV. 

Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and 
subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and 
of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law 
which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United 
States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, 
without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction 
the equal protection of the laws. 

Sec. 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several states 
according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of per- 
sons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed ; but when the right to 
vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice- 
President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the execu- 
tive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the Legislature 
thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being 
twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way 
abridged except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of 
representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the num- 
ber of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens 
twenty-one years of age in such state. 

Sec. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, 
or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or 
military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previ- 
ously taken an oath as a Member of Congress, or as an officer of the 
United States, or as a member of any state Legislature, or as an execu- 
tive or judicial officer of any state to support the Constitution of the 
United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the 
same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may 
by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. 

Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States author- 
ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and boun- 
ties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be ques- 
tioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall pay any debt 
or obligation incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion against the 
United States, or any loss or emancipation of any slave, but such debts, 
obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. 



264 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Article XV. 

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not 
be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of 
race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 



VOTE FOR GOVERNOR, 1877, AND PRESIDENT, 1876. 



1877. 
Governor. 



187G. 
Prejidcnt. 



Kep. Dem. Gr. Pro. Kep. Dcm 



Ailiir 


98-2 

87(1 
1547 
IKJi 

411 
1432 
178H 
1612 
1181 
1290 

747 
1453 

418 

633 
1,092 
1315 

90.^ 

602 
1279 
11154 

617 
1873 
2144 

898 
1541 

893 
1269 
1226 
2315 

197 
1587 

213 
19:;3 
]2:« 
1311 
12.50 
1031 

909 
1160 

842 

.340 
1492 
1348 
1770 

551 

382 

321 
1132 
1G19 
1977 
1396 




.MI.iiiiHkee 

App.inuoso 


Uviiton 


Itl.ick Hawk 

B-Hirie 




Uiuhanan 

Itii-iia Vista 

Biilk-r 




I'arroll.... 

("ass 


Cellar 


Ct-rro Gordo 


Cliickasaw 

Clark 

Clay 


I'ltytoii 






l>alli»3 

Davis 


1) Tatur 




Di'i MoiDcs 


llillilUlllO 


Kiiiiiutt 


K.iv.tte 


¥\ny,l 










iJutlirio 




Il.irdin 




ll.-iiry 

Howard 

HiimlHjldt 


Ida ; 

Iowa 









161 
397 

1540 

1049 
352 
712 

1111 
981 
582 
769 
192 
758 
75 
744 
839 

1093 

348 

74 

1107 

267 

16 

1770 

2327 
&51 
215 

1231 
961 

1143 

1384 
8 

3415 
28 

1067 
208 
336 

1331 
215 
504 
496 
265 
9:> 
661 
86. 
424 
647 
149 
64 

112" 

19i,i 

11. ^4 
7.'.:t 



581 
4s5 

69 
729 

26 
567 

95 
406 
196 
725 
161 

19 
171 
141 
116 
206 

72 
383 

37 
813 

20 

66 
286 

19 
1241 
803 
31n 

32 
767 



406 



889 
162 
16 
334 
551 



3<>4 
422 
29 
238 
623 
1041 
201 
115 

lo-t 
642 
224 

1018 
,576 



449 

244 

10 

1 

223 
20 
95 
74 
II 
30 

416 
40 
86 
94 
19 
67 

167 
66 

111 
80 
12 
19 

525 

6 

12 

53 



21 

57 

2 

1,54 

1!) 

140 

519 

64 



228 

15 

26" 

101 



1334 

137(; 

170'.» 
1711 

427 
29ul 
2979 
2018 
17.i7 
2227 

770 
1828 

62. 

799 
1S76 
2328 
1274 

861 
1574 
140-> 

567 
2662 
3654 
1043 
2136 
1586 
1647 
2233 
3325 

259 
2798 

246 
3029 
2032 
1178 
1658 
1310 
1099 
1434 
1187 

281 
21,52 
15.57 
2809 
1194 

621 

212 
1870 
2126 
3375 
2166 



593 

626 

1(146 

1419 

352: 

135rI 

1.592 

1305' 

757 

1416 

200 

780 

196 

771 

979 

1445 

448 

175 

1090 

81 6 

94 

2621 

3398 

638, 

752 

1631 

V2^-> 

1460 

2917 

48 

itn 

36 

17091 
751 
379 

lOSo! 

5io: 
417, 

629: 

425 
99, 
9S0 

I3sr,| 

14S5 
60ll| 

.57, 
l.'U.S 
2185 
1804 
1449 



Counties. 



1S76. 
Preaidint. 



Johnson 

Jones 

[Keokuk 

.Kossuth 

JLee 

Linn 

Louisa 

Lucas 

Lyon 

Madison 

Ulahaska 

Marion 

Marshall 

Mills 

Mitchell 

Monona 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Muscatine 

O'Brien 

Osceola 

Page 

Palo Alto 

Plymouth 

Pocahontas 

Polk 

Pottawattamie.... 

Poweshiek 

Ringgold 

Sac 

.Scott 

Shlby 

Sioux 

Story 

Tama 

Taylor 

Union 

Van Buren 

Wapello 

Warren 

Washington 

Wayne 

Webster 

Winnebago 

Winneshiek 

Wocirllmry 

Worth 

Wright 



Totals 

Majorities. 




121.54f 
4-.^19: 



Total vote, 1877, 245,706, 1876(including^949 Greenback), 292,943. 



VOTE FOR CONGRESSMEN, 1876. 



Dlstrct. 


Kep. 


I 


17188 


11 


16439 


Ill 

IV 


17J23 
207711 


v 


19274 


YI 


18778 



Dcm.' It. Maj. 



Total. 



14814 
140«3 
1610«i 
9379 
111.54 
14719 



2374 
17.56 
1323 
11391 
8120 
4059 



32(X)2 
3 1122 
33523 
30149 
30428 
33497 



Maj. '74. 



D. 1863' VI I.. 
R. 6,57, VIII 
U. 63 IX.... 
R. 3824i| 
K. 6213 
K. 2724'! 



Rep. Dera. 



19496 
19358 
19563! 



11688 
15236 
10583 



R. Maj. 



7808 
4122 
8980 



31184 
34594 
30146 



Miij. 74. 



R. 2300 
R. 2127 
R. 5849 



Total vote, 1874, 184,640 ; aggregato Republican miijority, 24,524. *lncluding 5,400 Greenback votes. 



Practical Rules for Every Day Use. 



Hoiv to find the gain or loss per ceyit. whe7i the cost and selling price 
are given. 

Rule. — Find the difference between the cost and selling price, which 
will be the gain or loss. 

'Annex two ciphers to the gain or loss, and divide it by the cost 
price ; the result will be the gain or loss per cent. 

Hoiv to change gold into currency. 

Rule. — Multiply the given sum of gold by the price of gold. 

Hoiv to change currency into gold. 

Divide the amount in currency by the price of gold. 

How to find each partner'' s share of the gain or loss in a copartnership 
lusiness. 

Rule. — Divide the whole gain or loss by the entire stock, the quo- 
tient will be the gain or loss per cent. 

Multiply each partner's stock by this per cent., the result will be 
each one's share of the gain or loss. 

Hoiv to find gross and net weight and price of hogs. 

A short ayid simple method for finding the net weight., or price of hogs., 
when the gross iveight or price is given, and vice versa. 

Note.— It is generally assumed that the gross weight of Hogs diuiiuislied by 1-5 or 20 per cent. 
of itself gives the net weight, and the net weight increased by }i or 25 per cent, of itself equals the 
gross weight. 

To find the net weight or gross price. 

Multiply the given number by .8 (tenths.) 

To find the gross weight or net price. 

Divide the given number by .8 (tenths.) 

IIoio to find the capacity of a granary., bin, or tvagon-hed. 

Rule. — Multiply (by short method) the nnmber of cubic feet by 
6308, and point off one decimal place — the result will be the correct 
nswer in bushels and tenths of a bushel. 

For only an approximate answer, multiply the cubic feet by 8, and 
point off one decimal place. 

How to find the contents of a corn-crib. 

Rule. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 54, short method, or 

(265) 



266 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 

by 4i ordinary method, and point off one decimal place — the result will 
be the answer in bushels. 

NOTK.— In cstlmatliif,' corn in the ear, the quality and the time it lias been cribbed must be taken 
into consideration, since corn will shrink considerably during the Winter and Spring. This rule generally holds 
good for corn measured at the time it iscribbed, provided It is sound and clean. 

Hoiv to find the contents of a cistern or tank. 

Rule. — Multiply the st^uare of the mean diameter by the depth (all 
m feet) and this product by 5681 (short method), and point off ONE 
decimal place — the result will be the contents in barrels of 31^ gallons. 

Hoiv to find the contents of a barrel or cask. 

Rule. — Under the square of the mean diameter, write the length 
(all in inches) in reverpjID order, so that its units will fall under the 
TENS ; multiply by short method, and this product again by 430 ; point 
off one decimal place, and the result will be the answer in wine gallons* 

How to measure hoards. 

Rule. — Multiply the length (in feet) by the width (in inches) and 
divide the product by 12 — the result will be the contents in square feet. 

Ho2V to measure scantlings, joists, planks, sills, etc. 

Rule. — Multiply the width, the thickness, and the length together 
(the width and thickness in inches, and the length in feet), and divide 
the product by 12 — the result will be square feet. 

How to find the number of acres in a body of latid. 

Rule. — Multiply the length by the width (in rods), and divide the 
product by 160 (carrying the division to 2 decimal places if there is a 
remainder) ; the result will be the answer in acres and hundredths. 

When the opposite sides of a piece of land are of unequal length, 
add them together and take one-half for the mean length or width. 

Hozv to find the number of square yards in a floor or ivall. 

Rule. — Multiply the length by the width or height (in feet), and 
divide the product by 9, the result will be square yards. 

How to find the number of bricks required in a building. 

Rule. — Multiply tlie number of cubic feet by 22^. 

Tiie number of cubic feet is found by multiplying the length, height 
nd tliickness (in feet) together. 

Bricks are usually made 8 inches long, 4 inches wide, and two inches 
thick ; hence, it requires 27 bricks to make a cubic foot without mortar, 
but it is generally assumed that the mortar fills 1-6 of the space. 

Hoiv to find the number uf shingles required in a roof. 

Rule. — Multiply the number of square feet in the roof by 8, if the 
shingles are exposed Ah inches, or l)y 7 1-5 if exposed 5 inches. 

To find the number of square feet, multiply the length of the roof by 
twice the lenutii of the rafters. 



MISCELLANEOUS TNFOEMATION. 267 

To find the length of the rafters, at one-fourth pitch, multiply the 
width of the building by .56 (hundredths) ; at one-third pitch, by .6 
(tenths) ; at two-fifths pitch, by .64 (hundredths) ; at one-half 
pitch, by .71 (hundredths). This gives the length of the rafters from 
the apex to the end of the wall, and whatever they are to project must be 
taken into consideration. 

Note.— By K or K pitch Is meant that the apex or comb of the roof is to be K or X the width of the 
building liigher than tlie walls or base of the rafters. 

How to reckon the cost of hay. 

Rule. — Multiply the number of pounds by half the price per ton, 
and remove the decimal point three places to the left. 

Hoiv to measure grain. 

Rule. — Level the grain ; ascertain the space it occupies in cubic 
feet ; multiply the number of cubic feet by 8, and point off one place to 
the left. 

Note.— Exactness requires the addition to every three hundred bushels of one extra bushel. 

The foregoing rule may be used for finding the number of gallons, by 
multiplying the number of bushels by 8. 

If the corn in the box is in the ear, divide the answer by 2, to find 
the number of bushels of shelled corn, because it requires 2 bushels of eai 
corn to make 1 of shelled corn. 

Rapid rules for measuring land without instruments. 

In measuring land, the first thing to ascertain is the contents of any 
given plot in square yards ; then, given the number of yards, find out the 
number of rods and acres. 

The most ancient and simplest measure of distance is a step. Now, 
an ordinary-sized man can train himself to cover one yard at a stride, on 
the average, with sufficient accuracy for ordinary purposes. 

To make use of this means of measuring distances, it is essential to 
walk in a straight line ; to do this, fix the eye on two objects in a line 
straight ahead, one comparatively near, the other remote ; and, in walk- 
ing, keep these objects constantly in line. 

Farmers and others hy adopting the folloiving simple and ingenious con- 
trivance^ may alivays carry with thein the scale to construct a correct yard 
measure. 

Take a foot rule, and commencing at the base of the little finger ol 
the left hand, mark the quarters of the foot on the outer borders of the 
left arm, pricking in the marks with indelible ink. 

To find how many rods in length loill make an acre., the width being given. 
Rule. — Divide 160 by the width, and the quotient will be the answer. 



268 MISCELLA.NEOUS INFORMATION. 

IIoiv to find the number of acres in any plot of land, the number of rods 
being given. 

Rule. — Divide the number of rods by 8, multiply the quotient by 5, 
and remove the decimal point two places to the left. 

The diameter being given, to find the circumference. 

Rule. — Multiply the diameter by 3 1-7. 

How to find the diameter, when the circumference is given. 

Rule. — Divide the circumference by 3 1-7. 

To find hoiv many solid feet a round stick of timber of the same thick- 
ness throughout will contain when squared. 

Rule. — Square half the diameter in inches, multiply by 2, multiply 
by the length ii> feet, and divide the product by 144. 

General rule for measuring timber, to find the solid contents in feet. 

Rule. — Multiply the depth in inches by the breadth in inches, and 
then multiply by the length in feet, and divide by 144. 

To find the number of feet of timber in trees with the hark on. 

Rule. — Multiply the square of one-fifth of the circumference in 
inches, by twice the length, in feet, and divide by 144. Deduct 1-10 to 
1-15 according to the thickness of the bark. 

Soward 8 neiv rule for computing interest. 

Rule. — The reciprocal of the rate is the time for which the interest 
on any sum of money will be shown by simply removing the decimal 
point two places to the left ; for ten times that time, remove the point 
one place to the left; for 1-10 of the same time, remove the point three 
places to the left. 

Increase or diminish the results to suit the time given. 

Note.— The rficlproo.-il of the rate is found Ijy inverting: the rate ; thus 3 per cent, per month, ia- 
verted, becomes M of a month, or 10 days. 

When the rate is expressed by one figure, always write it thus : 3-1, 
three ones. 

Itulefor converting English into American currency. 
Multiply the pounds, with the shillings and pence stated in decimals, 
by 400 plus the premium in fourths, and divide the product by 90. 

U. S. GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURE. 

A township — 36 sections each a mile square. 
A section — 640 acres. 

A quarter section, half a mile square — 100 acres. 
An eighth section, half a mile long, north and south, and a quarter 
of a mile wide — 80 acres. 

A sixteenth section, a quarter of a mile square — 40 acres. 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION, 269 

The sections are all numbered 1 to 3G, commencing at the north-east 
corner. 

The sections are divided into quarters, which are named by the 
cardinal points. The quarters are divided in the same way. The de- 
scription of a forty acre lot would read : The south half of the west half of 
the south-west quarter of section 1 in township 24, north of range 7 west, 
or as the case might be ; and sometimes will fall short and sometimes 
overrun the number of acres it is supposed to contain. 

The nautical mile is 795 4-5 feet longer than the common mile. 

SURVEYORS' MEASURE. 

7 92-100 inches make 1 link. 

25 links " " 1 rod. 

4rods " 1 chain. 

80 chains " 1 mile. 

Note. — A chain is 100 links, equal to 4 rods or 66 feet. 

Shoemakers formerly used a subdivision of the inch called a barley- 
corn ; three of which made an inch. 

Horses are measured directly over the fore feet, and the standard of 
measure is four inches — called a hand. 

In Biblical and other old measurements, the term span is sometimes 
used, which is a length of nine inches. 

The sacred cubit of the Jews was 24.024 inches in length. 

The common cubit of the Jews was 21.704 inches in length. 

A pace is equal to a yard or 36 inches. 

A fathom is equal to 6 feet. 

A league is three miles, but its length is variable, for it is strictly 
speaking a nautical term, and should be three geographical miles, equal 
to 3.45 statute miles, but when used on land, three statute miles are said 
to be a league. 

In cloth measure an aune is equal to li yards, or 45 inches. 

An Amsterdam ell is equal to 26.796 inches. 

A Trieste ell is equal to 25.284 inches. 

A Brabant ell is equal to 27.116 inches. 

HOW TO KEEP ACCOUNTS. 

Every farmer and mechanic, whether he does much or little business, 
should keep a record of his transactions in a clear and systematic man- 
ner. For the benefit of those who have not had the opportunity of ac- 
quiring a primary knowledge of the principles of book-keeping, we here 
present a simple form of keeping accounts which is easily comprehended, 
and well adapted to record the business transactions of farmers, mechanics 
and laborers. 



•270 



MISCELLAl^EOUS INFORMATION. 



1875. 



A. H. .JACKSON. 



Dr. 



Cr. 



.Tun. 
Fob. 

March 

(( 

(( 
i( 

April 

t( 

May 

(( 

July 



lOlTo 
ITlBy 



4 

4 

8 

8 

13 

27 

9 

9 

G 

24 

4 



7 bushels Wheat ...at §1.25 

shoeing span of Horses 

To 14 bushels Oats at -S .45 

To 5 lbs. Butter at .25 

By new Harrow 

By sharpening 2 Plows 

By new Double-Tree — 

To Cow and Calf 

To half ton of Hay 

By Cash 

By repairing Corn-Planter 

To one Sow with Pigs 

By Cash, to balance account .. 



.$8 

G 
1 



48 
6 



17 



|>88 



75 



30 



00 



50 



05 



$2 

18 
2 



25 
4 

35 



50 



00 
40 



00 
75 

15 



05 



187o 



CASS A MASON. 



Dr. 



Cr. 



March 21 
" 21 
" 23 

May 1 
1 


Rv 3 flavs' labor - 


at $1.25 


8G 
8 

10 

2 
2 

20 

18 


00 
10 

00 

75 
70 

00 
20 


$3 

25 
12 

18 
9 


75 


To 2 Shoats 

To 18 bushels Corn 

By 1 month's Labor ... 


at 3.00 

at .45 


00 


To Cash 




June 19 


By 8 days' Mowing . .. .. . 


^ _ at l>1.50 


00 


26 


To 50 lbs. Flour 




July 10 

" 29 

Aug. 12 

12 


To 27 lbs. Meat 

By 9 days' Harvesting 

By G days' Labor 

To Cash . 


at $ .10 

at 2.00 

at 1.50 


00 
00 


Sept. 1 


To Cash to balance account ... . 










$67 


75 


$67 


75 



INTEREST TABLE. 

A SiMPLis Rule for AccunATELT Computing Interest at Anv given I'ku Cknt. j-op. Any 

Length of Time. 

Multiply Iho principal (amount of money at interest) liy the time reduced to days; then divide this product 
by the (juo(i<^nt obtained l)y dividing 360 (the number of days in the Interest year) Ijy the per cent, of interest, 
andt/ie quotient thus ohtaineil will be tlie required interest. 

illustkation. Solution. 

Require the Interest of 8462.50 for one month and eighteen days at 6 per cent. An §462.50 

Interest month Is 30 days; one montli and eighteen days equal 48 days. 8463.50 multi- .48 

plied by .48 glvrs S2a'2.0000; 360 divided by 6 (the per eent. of interest) gives 60, and 

$22-J.0000<livlded by 60 will give you the exact interest, whidi is $3.70. If the rate of 370000 

Interest in tlu; above ex.impb^ were 12 per cent., we would divide the $222.0000 by 30 6)360 \ 185000 

(beoause 360 divided liv 12 gives 30); It 4 per cent., wo would divide by 90; if 8 per ) 

cent., by 45: and In like mauucr forany otber per cent. 60/S222.0000($3.70 

180 

420 
420 

"oo 



12 units, or things, 1 Dozen. 
12 dozen, 1 Gross. 
20 things, 1 .Score. 



MISCELLANEOUS TABLE. 

196 pounds, 1 liarrel of Flour. I 24 sheets of paper, 1 Quire. 
200 pounds, 1 Harrel of I'ork. 20 quires paiier 1 Ream. 
56 pounds, 1 Firkin of Butter. | 1 ft. wide, 4 ft. high, and 8 ft. long, 1 Cord Wood. 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 271 

NAMES OF THE STATES OF THE UNION, AND THEIR SIGNIFICATIONS. 

Virginia. — The oldest of the States, was so called in honor of Queen 
Elizabeth, the "Virgin Queen," in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh made 
his first attempt to colonize that region. 

Florida. — Ponce de Leon landed on the coast of Florida on Easter 
Sunday, and called the country in commemoration of the day, which was 
the Pasqua Florida of the Spaniards, or " Feast of Flowers." 

Louisiana Avas called after Louis the Fourteenth, who at one time 
owned that section of the country. 

Alabama was so named by the Indians, and signifies " Here we Rest." 
Mississippi is likewise an Indian name, meaning " Long River." 
Arkansas., from Kansas, the Indian word for " smoky water." Its 

prefix was really arc, the French word for " bow." 

The Carolinas were originally one tract, and were called "Carolana," 

after Charles the Ninth of France. 

Georgia owes its name to George the Second of England, who first 
established a colony there in 1732. 

Teiinessee is the Indian name for the " River of the Bend," i. e., the 
Mississippi which forms its western boundary. 

Kentuchy is the Indian name for " at the head of the river." 

Ohio means "■ beautiful ; " Iowa., " drowsy ones ; " 3Iinnesota, " cloudy 
water," and Wisconsin, "wild-rushing channel." 

Illinois is derived from the Indian word illini, men, and the French 
suffix ois, together signifying " tribe of men." 

Michigan was called by the name given the lake, fish-weir, which was 
so styled from its fancied resemblance to a fish trap. 

Missouri is from the Indian word " muddy," which more properly 
applies to the river that flows through it. 

Oregon owes its Indian name also to its principal river. 

Cortes named California. 

Massachusetts is the Indian for " The country around the great hills." 

Connecticut, from the Indian Quon-ch-ta-Cut, signifying "Long 
River." 

Maryland, after Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles the First, of 
England. 

JVew York was named by the Duke of York. 

Pennsyhmnia means " Penn's woods," and was so called after William 
Penn, its orignal owner. 



27-2 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 



Delaware after Lord De La Ware. 

New Jersey, so called in honor of Sir George Carteret, who was 
Governor of the IsLand of Jersey, in the British Channel. 

Maine was called after the province of Maine in France, in compli- 
ment of Queen Henrietta of England, who owned that province. 

Vermont, from the French word Vert Mont, signifying Green 
Mountain. 

Neic Hampshire, from Hampshire county in England. It was 
formerly called Laconia. 

The little State of Rhode Island owes its name to the Island of 
Rhodes in the Mediterranean, which domain it is said to greatly 
resemble. 

Texas is the American word for the Mexican name by which all that 
section of the country was called before it was ceded to the United States. 



POPULATION OF THE 
UNITED STATES. 



States and Territories. 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

rioritla 

GeorKia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

X.oulsiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

MlcliiBan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire. 

New .Jersey 

New York 

North Carolina .. 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina... 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West Virginia.... 
Wisconsin 



Total 
Population. 



Total States.. 



Arizona 

Colorada 

Dakota 

District of Columbia. 

Idaho 

Montana 

New Mexico 

Ut.ah 

■VVastiinKton 

Wyoming 



Total Territories 



Total United SUtes .38.555,983 



996. 992 

484,471 

560,247 

537,454 

125,015 

187,748 

1.184,109 

2,539,891 

1,680,637 

1,191,792 

364,399 

1.321,011 

726,915 

626,915 

780,894 

1,457,351 

1,184,059 

439,706 

827,922 

1,721,295 

122,993 

42,491 

318,300 

906.096 

4,382.759 

1,071,361 

2,665.260 

90,923 

3,.521,791 

2 17, .3.53 

705,606 

1,258,520 

818,579 

.3.30,551 

1,22.5,163 

442,014 

1,054,670 

38.113,253 



9,658 
39.864 
14,181 
131.700 
14,999 
20,595 
91,874 
86.786 
23,955 
9.118 

442.7.30 



POPULATION OF FIFTY 
PRINCIPAL CITIES. 



New York. N. Y 

Philadelphi.-i, Pa 

KroiililvM, N. Y 

.SI. l.ouis, Mo 

ChicuKo, 111 

Baltimore, MJ 

Boston, Mass 

Cincinnati, Ohio 

New Orleans, La. ... 
San Franfisco, Cal... 

ButlHlo, N. Y 

Wasliingtnn, D. C... 

Newark, N. J 

Louisville, Ky 

Cleveland, Ohio 

I'lrtsbiufir, Pa 

•Tcrsev Citv, N. J .... 

Dclroit, Micli 

Milwaukee, Wis 

Albany, N. Y 

Providence, R. I 

Rocliester, N. Y 

Allegheny, Pa 

Kiclimond, Va 

New Haven, Conn.., 

Ch;irIeston, S. C 

Indianapolis, Ind 

Troy, N. Y 

Syracuse, N. Y 

Woicfstcr, Mass 

Lowell. Mass 

.Meiii|)his, Tenn 

Ciinibridge, Mass 

Hartford, Conn 

,Scranton, Pa 

Heading, I'a 

Paler.soM. N.J 

Kiiiisas t'ity, Mo 

.MhIjiI,-, .\la 

Toledo, Ohio 

Portland, Me 

Columbus, Ohio 

Wilmington, Del.... 

Dayton, Ohio 

Lawrence, Mass 

Utica, N. Y 

("Iiarlestown, Mass. 

Savannah, Ga 

Lvnn. Mass 

Kail River, Mass.... 



Aggregate 
Population. 



942,292 

674,022 

396,099 

310,864 

298.977 

267,354 

250. .526 

216,239 

191,418 

149.473 

117,714 

109,199 

105.059 

100.753 

92.829 

86,076 

82,546 

79,577 

71,440 

69,422 

68.904 

62.386 

,53.180 

51.038 

50.840 

48,956 

48.244 

46,465 

43,051 

41,105 

40.928 

40.226 

39,634 

37.180 

35.092 

33.930 

.33.579 

32,260 

32,034 

31,584 

31,413 

31,274 

30.841 

30,473 

28,921 

28,804 

28,323 

28,235 

28,233 

26,766 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 



273 



POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Area in 
States and square 
Territories. Miles. 



States. 

Alabama 

Arkansas... 

California 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massacliusetts... 

Michigan* 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampsliire. 

New Jersey 

New York 

North Carolina. . 

Ohio 

Oregon 

* Last Census of 



50, 

52, 

188 

4 

2, 

59, 

58, 

55, 

33, 

55, 

81, 

37, 

41, 

31, 

11 

7, 

56 

83, 

47 

65 

75 

112 



Population 



1870. 



1,350,544 
528,349 



857,039 



996,992 

484.471 

560,24'; 

537.45-: 

125,015 

187,748 
1,184,109 
2,539,891 
1,680,637 
1,191.792 

364,399 
1,321,011 

726,915 

626,915 

780,894 
1,457,351 
1,184,059 

439,706 

827,922 
1,731,295 

123,993 
42,491 

318,300 

906,096 

4,382,759 

1,071,361 

2,665,260 

90,923 

Michigan talcen in 1874 



Miles 
K. R. 
1875. 1872. 



1,651,912 

1,334,031 

598,429 



246,280 
52,540 



1,026,, 502 
4,705,208 



671 
25 
013 
820 
227 
466 
108 
904 
529 
160 
760 
123 
539 
871 
820 
606 
,235 
,612 
990 
,580 
828 
593 
790 
,265 
,470 
,1 

,740 
lo9 



States? and 
Territories. 



States. 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina... 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin 



Total States. 



Territories. 

Arizona 

Colorado 

Dakota 

Dist. of Columbia. 

Idaho 

INIontana 

New Mexico 

Utah 

Washington 

Wyoming 



Area in 
square 
Miles. 



46,000 
1,306 
29,385 
45,600 
237,504 
10,212 
40,904 
23,000 
53,924 



1,950,171 



Total Territories.) 965,033 



Population. 



1870. 



3,521,791 
217,353 
70.5,606 

1,258,520 
818.579 
330,551 

1,22.5,163 
442,014 

1,054,670 



38,113,253 




442,730 



1875. 



258,239 
925,145 



1,236,729 



Miles 
R. R. 

1872. 



5,113 
136 

1,201 

1,520 
865 
675 

1,490 
485 

1,725 



59,587 



392 



375 
■■■498 
T265 



AggregateofU.S..l2,915,203 38,555,983 C0,852 

* Included in the Railroad Mileage of Maryland. 



PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD; 
Population and Area. 



Countries. 



China 

British Empire 

Russia 

United States with Alaska 

France 

Austria and Hungary 

Japan 

Great Britain and Ireland 

German Empire 

Italy 

Spain 

Brazil 

Turkey 

Mexico 

Sweden and Norway 

Persia 

Belgium 

Bavaria 

Portugal. 

Holland 

New Grenada 

Chili 

Switzerland 

Peru 

Bolivia 

Argentine Republic 

Wurtemburg 

Denmark 

Venezuela 

Baden 

Greece 

Guatemala 

Ecuador 

Paraguay 

Hesse 

Liberia 

,San Sal vador 

Hayti 

Nicaragua 

Uruguay 

Honduras 

San Domingo 

Costa Rica 

Hawaii 



Population. 



446, 

226, 

81, 

38, 

36, 

35, 

34 

31, 

29, 

27, 

16, 

10, 

16, 

9, 

5, 

5, 

5, 

4, 

3, 

3, 

3, 

2, 

2, 

2, 

2, 

1 

1 

1 

I, 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 



500,000 
817,108 
925,400 
925,600 
469,800 
904,400 
785,300 
817,100 
906,092 
439,921 
642,000 
000.000 
463,000 
173.000 
921.500 
000,000 
021,300 
861.400 
995,200 
688,300 
000.000 
000.000 
669,100 
500,000 
000,000 
812,000 
818,500 
784.700 
500,000 
,461,400 
,457,900 
180,000 
300,000 
,000,000 
823,138 
718,000 
600,000 
573,000 
350.000 
300,000 
350,0(10 
136,000 
165.000 
62.950 



Date of 
Census. 



1871 
1871 
1871 
1870 
1866 
1869 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1867 



1869 
1870 
1870 
1869 
1871 
1868 
1870 
1870 
1869 
1870 
1871 

'1869 
1871 
1870 

'i87i 
1870 
1871 

1871 

'isVi 

1871 

■1871 
1871 
1871 

'isVo 



Area in 
Square 
Miles. 



3,741,846 

4,677,432 

8,003,778 

J,603,884 

204,091 

240.348 

149,399 

121,315 

160,207 

118,847 

195.775 

3,253,029 

672,631 

761,526 

292,871 

635,964 

11,373 

29,292 

34,494 

12,680 

357,157 

132,616 

15,992 

471,838 

497,321 

871,848 

7,533 

14,753 

368,338 

5,912 

19,353 

40,879 

218,928 

63,787 

2,969 

9,576 

7,335 

10,205 

58,171 

66,722 

47,092 

17,827 

21,505 

7.633 



Inhabitants 

to Square 

Mile. 



119.3 

48.6 

10.2 

7.78 

178.7 

149.4 

232.8 

262.3 

187. 

230.9 

85. 

3.07 
24.4 



20. 
7.8 
441.5 
165.9 
115.8 
290.9 
8.4 
15.1 
166.9 
5.3 
4. 
2.1 
241.4 
120.9 
4.2 
247. 
75.3 
28.9 
5.9 
15.6 
277. 
74.9 
81.8 
56. 
6. 
6.5 
7.4 
7.6 
7.7 



Pekin 

London 

St. Petersburg.. 

Washington 

Paris 

Vienna 

Yeddo 

London 

Berlin 

Rome 

Madrid , 

Rio Janeiro 

Constantinople , 

Mexico , 

Stockholm 

Teheran 

Brussels 

Municli 

Lisbon 

Hague 

Bogota 

Santiago 

Berne 

Lima 

Cliuquisaca 

Buenos Avres.. 

Stuttgart 

Coi)enhagen 

Caraccas 

Carlsruhe 

Alliens 

Guatemala 

Quito 

.Asuncion 

Darmstadt 

Monrovia 

Sal Salvador ... 
Port au Prince 

Managua 

Monte Video... 

(;omayagua 

,San Domingo... 

San Jose 

Honolulu 



Population. 



1,648,800 

3,251,800 

667,000 

109,199 

1,835,800 

83.3,900 

1,554,900 

3,251,800 

825,400 

244,484 

332,000 

420,000 

1,075,000 

210.30) 

136,90) 

120,000 

314.10;) 

169,500 

234,063 

90,100 

45,0t J 

115,400 

36,000 

160,100 

2.5.000- 

177.800 

91,600 

163,043 

47.000 

36,600 

43,400 

40,000 

70,000 

48,000 

30.000 

3,000 

15,000 

20,000 

10,000 

44.500 

13,000 

S0,000 

2.000 

7,63a 



STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE OF IOWA (CENSUS OF 1875.) 



COUXTIES. 



Appanoose 

Aluiiiakee 

Audubon 

A. lams . 

Adair 

I'.uena Vista . . 

Benton 

lioone 

Butler 

Bremer 

Black Hawk... 

Buchanan 

Clay 

Cherokee 

Cass 

Crawford 

Cedar 

Cerro Gordo... 

Clayton 

Clinton 

Ctiicka.saw 

Carroll 

Clarke 

Calhoun 

Davis 

Dec;iiur 

Dubuque 

Des .Moines 

Delaware 

Dickinson 

Dallas 

Emmet 

Floyd 

?"ayette 

Franklin 

Kreuiont 

Grundy 

Green 

Guthrie 

Hardin 

Humboldt 

Howard 

Harrison 

Hancock 

iluniilton 

Henry 

Ida 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Johnson 

Jasper 

Jones 

Jefferson 

Keokuk 

Kossuth 

Lee 

Lucas 

Lvon 

Linn 

Louisa 

Mitchell 

Mahaska 

Marion 

Mills 

MadlBon 

Monroe 

Marshall 

MoDona 

Miucatlne 

MontRomery... 

O'Brien 

Osceola 

Polk 

Pochiihontas... 
Pottawattomie 

I'oweshclk 

Paffe 

Plymouth 

Pal().\lto 

RlnifKold 

Scott 

Story 

Shelby 

SI0U.X 

Sac 

Taylor 

Tama 

Union 

Van liurcn 

■Wayne. 

Warren 

"WlnneHhelk.... 

Woodbury 

Worth 

Washington ... 

Webster 

Wlnni'bafto 

Wrik'bt 

Wape.lo 



Totals. 




7292 

191041 

193290 

241021 

278881 

208907 

167389 

208125 

31550 

183832 

108952 

15872 

281118 

151007 

126381 

232398 

1996G9 

141512 

1619981 

10^2215 

2237.35 

52212 

178945 

104633 

336261 

18)90 

2076S9 

21928, 

1216301 

2fH9S9' 

1.V.782 

58-233 

18,->17 

18100 

2.%5.515 

148649 

53180 

S'Mi 

SI 336 

102.S61 

255182 

57005 

153674 

117766 

191265 

246140 

41179 

48927 

2Z'-il76 

97'23« 

17.')H9 

3.5516 

150209 



47.;:u 

39930 
36906 

171048 

837451 

341615 
39935 
50249 
9194 
893.-) 7 

142401 
71257 

179752 
63298 
66979 
98999 
48793 
78692 
59757 

318811 
62649 
52922 
70176 

122490 
82779 

s-icni 

lS-i7(W 
7S-2(I6 
47.5.-,2 
56278 
48';32 
50fi<V 
82070 
31106 
,56SI1 

a-):>72 

419IH9 
4S69' 

17517 
519/2 
3-2-225 
58-<29 
191 2:: 
43S74 
893 2f 

367391 
47201 

2.3.- 
'J0222 
3:1216 
99.V2H 
667 

1671 

131670 
5709 
4.59.-. 

s.'-.f.s; 

6I7II 

;K)f,2: 

3iN 
6:1191 



1-2627850 8410435 



97765 

27013 

61871 

7-2287 

9005 

52050 

110831 

6514 

1.58188 

1 42401 

19.3019 

216949 

1406HI 

l-3.-)590 

149672 

2><835 

I33-.8O 

88857 

1-2706 

175C; 

iaX)66 

,91133 

1.50:'t)8 

153214 

99S3' 

137979 

917:iO 

117:!l« 

.39t4 

129699 

81)1 126 

26131 

14651 

141 1 1.51 1 

19219 

9(»6;9 

171. '.8'* 

1151H1 

4 1379 

16679 

5(V 

ia.-.7i2 

47230 

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ABSTRACT OF IO¥A STATE LAWS. 



BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES. 

Upon negotiable bills, and notes payable in this State, grace shall be allowed 
according to the law merchant. All the above mentioned paper falling due on 
Sunday, New Year's Day, the Fourth of July, Christmas, or any day appointed 
or recommended by the President of the United States or the Governor of the 
State^ as a day of fast or thanksgiving, shall be deemed as due on the day pre- 
vious. No defense can be made against a negotiable instrument (assigned before 
due) in the hands of the assignee without notice, except fraud was used in 
obtaining the same. To hold an indorser, due diligence must be used by suit 
against the maker or his representative. Notes payable to person named or to 
order, in order to absolutely transfer title, must be indorsed by the payee. 
Notes payable to bearer may be transferred by delivery, and when so payable, 
every indorser thereon is held as a guarantor of payment, unless otherwise 
expressed. 

In computing interest or discount on negotiable instruments, a month shall 
be considered a calendar month or twelfth of a year, and for less than a month, 
a day shall be figured a thirtieth part of a month. Notes only bear interest 
when so expressed ; but after due, they draw the legal interest, even if not 
stated. 

INTEREST. 

The legal rate of interest is six per cent. Parties may agree, in Avriting, 
on a rate not exceeding ten per cent. If a rate of interest greater than ten 
per cent, is contracted for, it works a forfeiture of ten per cent, to the school 
fund, and only the principal sum can be recovered. 

DESCENT. 

The personal property of the deceased (except (1) that necessary for pay- 
ment of debts and expenses of administration ; (2) property set apart to widow, 
as exempt from execution ; (3) allowance by court, if necessary, of twelve- 
months' support to widow, and to children under fifteen years of age), including 
life insurance, descends as does real estate. 

One- third in value (absolutely) of all estates in real property, possessed by 
husband at any time during marriage, which have not been sold on execution 
or other judicial sale, and to which the wife has made no relinquishment of her - 
right, shall be set apart as her property, in fee simple, if she survive him. 



27 G ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

The same share shall be set apart to the surviving husband of a deceased 

wiie. 

The widow's share cannot be aflected by any will of her husband's, unless 
she consents, in writing thereto, within six months after notice to her of pro- 
visions of the will. 

The i)rovisions of the statutes of descent apply alike to surviving husband 

or surviving wife. ,.11 j j- 1 

Subject to the above, the remaining estate of which the decedent died 
siezed, shall in absence of other arrangements by will, descend 

First. To his or her children and their descendants in equal parts ; the 
descendants of the deceased child or grandchild taking the share of their 
deceased parents in equal shares among them. 

Second. Where there is no child, nor descendant of such child, and no 
widow or surviving husband, then to the parents of the deceased in equal parts ; 
the surviving parent, if either be dead, taking the whole ; and if there is no 
parent living, then to the brothers and sisters of the intestate and their descend- 
ants. 

Third. When there is a widow or surviving husband, and no child or chil- 
dren, or descendants of the same, then one-half of the estate shall descend to 
such widow or surviving husband, absolutely ; and the other half of the estate 
shall descend as in other cases where there is no Avidow or surviving husband, 
or child or children, or descendants of the same. 

Fourth. If there is no child, parent, brother or sister, or descendants of 
either of them, then to Avife of intestate, or to her heirs, if dead, according to 
like rules. 

Fifth. If any intestate leaves no child, parent, brother or sister, or de- 
scendants of either of them, and no widow or surviving husband, and no child, 
parent, brother or sister (or descendant of either of them) of such widow or 
surviving husband, it shall escheat to the State. 



WILLS AND ESTATES OF DECEASED PERSONS. 

No exact form of words are necessary in order to make a Avill good at law. 
Every male person of the age of twenty-one years, and every female of the age 
of eighteen years, of sound mind and memory, can make a valid will ; it must 
be in writing, signed by the testator, or by some one in his or her presence, and 
by his or her express direction, and attested by two or more competent wit- 
nesses. Care should be taken that the witnesses are not interested in the will. 
Inventory to be nuide by executor or administrator within fifteen days from 
date of letters testamentary or of administration. Executors' and administra- 
tors' compensation on amount of personal estate distributed, and for proceeds of 
sale of real estate, five per cent, for first one thousand dollars, two and one-half 
per cent, on overplus up to five thousand dollars, and one per cent, on overplus 
above five thousand dollars, with such additional allowance as shall be reasona- 
ble for extra services. 

Within (en daijs after the receipt of letters of administration, the executor 
or administrator shall give such iwtice of appointment as the court or clerk shall 
direct. 

Claims (other than preferred) must be filed within one year thereafter, are 
forever barred, unless the claim is pending in the District or Supreme Court, or 
unless peculiar circumstances entitle the claimant to equitable relief. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 277 

Claims are classed and 'payable in the following order: 

1. Expenses of administration. 

2. Expenses of last sickness and funeral. 

3. Allowance to widow and children, if made by the court. 

4. Debts preferred under laws of the United States. 

5. Public rates and taxes. 

6. Claims filed within six months after the first jyuhlication of the notice 
given by the executors of their appointment. 

7. All other debts. 

8. Legacies. 

The awards or property which must be set apart to the ividotv, in her own 
right, by the executor, includes all personal property which, in the hands of thf> 
deceased, as head of a family, would have been exempt from execution. 



TAXES. 

The owners of personal property, on the first day of January of each year, 
and the owners of real property on the first day of November of each year, are 
liable for the taxes thereon. 

The following property is exempt from taxation, viz. : 

1. The property of the United States and of this State, including univer- 
sity, agricultural, college and school lands and all property leased to the State ; 
property of a county, township, city, incorporated town or school district when 
devoted entirely to the public use and not held for pecuniary profit; public 
grounds, including all places for the burial of the dead ; fire engines and all 
implements for extinguishing fires, with the grounds used exclusively for their 
buildings and for the meetings of the fire companies ; all public libraries, 
grounds and buildings of literary, scientific, benevolent, agricultural and reli- 
gious institutions, and societies devoted solely to the appropriate objects of these 
institutions, not exceeding 640 acres in extent, and not leased or otherwise used 
wich a view of pecuniary profit ; and all property leased to agricultural, charit- 
able institutions and benevolent societies, and so devoted during the term of such 
lease ; provided, that all deeds, by which such property is held, shall be duly 
filed for record before the property therein described shall be omitted from the 
assessment. 

2. The books, papers and apparatus belonging to the above institutions ; 
used solely for the purposes above contemplated, and the like property of stu- 
dents in any such institution, used for their education. 

3. Money and credits belonging exclusively to such institutions and devoted 
solely to sustaining them, but not exceeding in amount or income the sum pre- 
scribed by their charter. 

4. Animals not hereafter specified, the wool shorn from sheep, belonging to 
the person giving the list, his farm produce harvested within one year previous 
to the listing ; private libraries not exceeding three hundred dollars in value ; 
family pictures, kitchen furniture, beds and bedding requisite for each family, 
all wearing apparel in actual use, and all food provided for the fiimily ; but no 
person from whom a compensation for board or lodging is received or expected, 
is to be considered a member of the family Avithin the intent of this clause. 

5. The polls or estates or both of persons who, by reason of age or infirm- 
ity, may, in the opinion of the Assessor, be unable to contribute to the public 



278 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

revenue; such opinion and the fact upon which it is based being in all cases 
reported to the Board of Equalization by the Assessor or any other person, and 
subject to reversal by them. 

G. The farming utensils of any person who makes his livelihood by farming, 
and the tools of any mechanic, not in either case to exceed three hundred dollars 
in value. 

7. Government lands entered or located or lands purchased from this State, 
should not be taxed for the year in which the entry, location or purchase is 
made. 

There is also a suitable exemption, in amount, for planting fruit trees or 
forest trees or hedges. 

Where buildings are destroyed by fire, tornado or other unavoidable casu- 
alty, after being assessed for the year, the Board of Supervisors may rebate 
ta.xes for that year on the property destroyed, if same has not been sold for 
taxes, and if said taxes have not been delinquent for thirty days at the time of 
destruction of the property, and the rebate shall be allowed for such loss only 
as is not covered by insurance. 

All other property is subject to taxation. Every inhabitant of full age and 
sound mind shall assist the Assessor in listing all taxable property of which 
he is the owner, or which he controls or manages, either as agent, guardian, 
father, husband, trustee, executor, accounting officer, partner, mortgagor or 
lessor, mortgagee or lessee. 

Road beds of railway corporations shall not be assessed to owners of adja- 
cent property, but shall be considered the property of the companies for pur- 
poses of taxation ; nor shall real estate used as a public highway be assessed 
and taxed as part of adjacent lands whence the same was taken for such public 
purpose. 

The property of railway, telegraph and express companies shall be listed 
and a.ssessed for taxation as the property of an individual would be listed and 
assessed for taxation. Collection of taxes made as in the case of an individual. 

The Township Board of Equalization shall meet first Monday in April of 
each year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court. 

The County Board of Eqalization (the Board of Supervisors) meet at their 
regular session in June of each year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court. 

Taxes become delinquent February 1st of each year, payable, without 
interest or penalty, at any time before March 1st of each year. 

Tax sale is held on first Monday in October of each year. 

Redemption may be made at any time within three years after date of sale, 
by paying to the County Auditor the amount of sale, and twenty j^er centum of 
such amount immediately added as penalty, tvith ten pt?r cent, interest per 
annum on the whole amount thus made from the day of sale, and also all sub- 
sequent taxes, interest and costs paid by purchaser after March 1st of each 
year, and a similar penalty of twenty per centum added as before, with ten per 
cent, interest as before. 

If notice has been given, by purchaser, of the date at which the redemption 
is limited, the cost of same is added to the redemption money. Ninety days' 
notice is recjuired, by the statute, to be published by the purchaser or holder of 
certificate, to terminate the right of redemption. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS 281 

JURISDICTION OF COURTS 

DISTRICT COURTS 

have jurisdiction, general and original, both civil and criminal, except in such 
cases where Circuit Courts have exclusive jurisdiction. District Courts have 
exclusive supervision over courts of Justices of the Peace and Magistrates, in 
criminal matters, on appeal and writs of error. 

CIRCUIT COURTS • 

have jurisdiction, general and original, with the District Courts, in all civil 
actions and special proceedings, and exclusive jurisdiction in all appeals and 
Avrits of error from inferior courts, in civil matters. And exclusive jurisdiction 
in matters of estates and general probate business. 

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE 

have jurisdiction in civil matters where $100 or less is involved. By consent 
of parties, the jurisdiction may be extended to an amount not exceeding $300. 
They have jurisdiction to try and determine all public offense less than felony, 
committed within their respective counties, in which the fine, by law, does not 
exceed 'flOO or the imprisonment thirty days. 

LIMITATION OF ACTIONS. 

Action for injuries to the person or reputation; for a stutute penalty; and 
to enforce a mechanics' lien, must be brought in two (2) years. 

Those against a public officer within three (3) years. 

Those founded on unwritten contracts; for injuries to property ; for relief 
on the ground of fraud ; and all other actions not otherwise provided for, within 
five (o) years. 

Those founded on written contracts; on judgments of any court (except 
those provided for in next section), and for the recovery of real property, within 
ten (10) years. 

Those founded on judgment of any court of record in the United States, 
within twenty (20) years. 

All above limits, except those for penalties and forfeitures, are extended in 
favor of minors and insane persons, until one year after the disability is removed 
— time during which defendant is a non-resident of the State shall not be 
included in computing any of the above periods. 

Actions for the recovery of real property, sold for non-payment of taxes, 
must be brought within five years after the Treasurer's Deed is executed 
and recorded, except where a minor or convict or insane person is the owner, 
and they shall be allowed five years after disability is removed, in which to 
bring action. 

JURORS. 

All qualified electors of the State, of good moral character, sound judgment, 
and in full possession of the senses of hearing and seeing, are competent jurors 
in their respective counties. 

United States officers, practicing attorneys, physicians and clergymen, 
acting professors or teachers in institutions of learning, and persons disabled by 



282 ABSTHACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

bodily infirmity or over sixty-five years of age, are exempt from liability to act 
as jurors. 

Any person niav be excused from serving on a jury when his own interests 
or the public's will "be materially injured by his attendance, or when the state of 
his health or the death, or sickness of his family requires his absence. 

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT 

was restored by the Seventeenth General Assembly, making it optional with 
the jury to inflict it or not. 

A MARRIED WOMAN 

may convey or incumber real estate, or interest therein, belonging to her ; may 
control the' same or contract with reference thereto, as other persons may con- 
vey, encumber, control or contract. 

She may own, acquire, hold, convey and devise property, as her husband 
may. 

'^Iler husband is not liable for civil injuries committed by her. 

She may convey property to her husband, and he may convey to her. 

She may constitute her husband her attorney in fact. 

EXEMPTIONS FROM EXECUTION. 

A resident of the State and head of a family may hold the following prop- 
erty exempt from execution : All wearing apparel of himself and family kept for 
actual use and suitable to the condition, and the trunks or other receptacles nec- 
essary to contain the same ; one musket or rifl* and shot-gun ; all private 
libraries, family Bibles, portraits, pictures, musical instruments, and paintings 
not kept for the purpose of sale ; a seat or pew occupied by the debtor or his 
family in any house of public worship ; an interest in a public or private burying 
ground not exceeding one acre; two cows and a calf; one horse, unless a horse 
is exempt as hereinafter provided ; fifty sheep and the wool therefrom, and the 
materials manufactured from said wool ; six stands of bees ; five hogs and all 
pigs under six months ; the necessary food for exempted animals for six months ; 
all flax raised from one acre of ground, and manufiictures therefrom ; one bed- 
stead and necessary bedding for every two in the family ; all cloth manufactured 
by the defendant not exceeding one hundred yards ; household and kitchen fur- 
niture not exceeding two hundred dollars in value ; all spinning wheels and 
looms ; one sewing machine and other instruments of domestic laber kept for 
actual use ; the necessary provisions and fuel for the use of the family for six 
months ; the proper tools, instruments, or books of the debtor, if a farmer, 
mechanic, surveyor, clergyman, lawyer, physician, teacher or professor; the 
horse or the team, consisting of not more than two horses or mules, or two yokes 
of cattle, and the wagon or other vehicle, with the proper harness or tackle, by 
the use of which the debtor, if a physician, public officer, farmer, teamster or 
other laborer, habitually earns his living ; and to the debtor, if a printer, there 
shall also be exemjjt a printing press and the types, furniture and material nec- 
essary for the use of such printing press, and a newspaper office to the value of 
twelve hundred dollars; the earnings of such debtor, or those of his family, at 
any time \\ithin ninety days next preceding the levy. 

Persons unmarried and not the head of a family, and non-residents, have 
exempt their own ordinary wearing apparel and trunks to contain the same. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 283 

There is also exempt, to a head of a family, a homestead, not exceeding forty 
acres ; or, if inside city limits, one-half acre with improvements, value not 
limited. The homestead is liable for all debts contracted prior to its acquisition as 
such, and is subject to mechanics' liens for work or material furnished for the same. 

An article, otherwise exempt, is liable, on execution, for the purchase 
money thereof. 

Where a debtor, if a head of a family, has started to leave the State, he shall 
have exempt only the ordinary wearing apparel of himself and family, and 
otlier property in addition, as he may select, in all not exceeding seventy-five 
dollars in value. 

A policy of life insurance shall inure to the separate use of the husband or 
wife and children, entirely independent of his or her creditors. 

ESTRAYS. 

An unbroken animal shall not be taken up as an estray between May 1st 
and November 1st, of each year, unless the same be found within the lawful 
enclosure of a householder, who alone can take up such animal, unless some 
other person gives him notice of the fact of such animal coming on his place ; 
and if he fails, within five days thereafter, to take up such estray, any other 
householder of the township may take up such estray and proceed with it as if 
taken on his own premises, provided he shall prove to the Justice of the Peace 
such notice, and shall make affidavit where such estray Avas taken up. 

Any swine, sheep, goat, horse, neat cattle or other animal distrained (for 
damage done to one's enclosure), when the owner is not known, shall be treated 
as an estray. 

Within five days after taking up an estray, notice, containing a full descrip- 
tion thereof, shall be posted up in three of the most public places in the town- 
ship ; and in ten days, the person taking up such estray shall go before a Justice 
of the Peace in the township and make oath as to where such estray Avas taken 
up, and that the marks or brands have not been altered, to his knowledge. The 
estray shall then be appraised, by order of the Justice, and the appraisement, 
description of the size, age, color, sex, marks and brands of the estray shall be 
entered by the Justice in a book kept for that purpose, and he shall, within ten 
days thereafter, send a certified copy thereof to the County Auditor. 

When the appraised value of an estray does not exceed five dollars, the 
Justice need not proceed further than to enter the description of the estray on 
his book, and if no owner appears within six months, the property shall vest in 
the finder, if he has complied with the law and paid all costs. 

Where appraised value of estray exceeds five and is less than ten dollars, if 
no owner appears in nine months, the finder has the property, if he has com- 
plied with the law and paid costs. 

An estray, legally taken up, may be used or Avorked with care and 
moderation. 

If any person unlaAvfully take up an estray, or take up an estray and fail to 
comply with the law regarding estrays, or use or work it contrary to above, or 
Avork it Defore having it appraised, or keep such estray out of the county more 
than five days at one time, before acquiring ownership, such offender shall forfeit 
to the county twenty dollars, and the owner may recover double damages Avitli 
costs. 

If the owner of any estray fail to claim and prove his title for one year after 
the taking up, and the finder shall have complied Avith the law, a comolete title 
vests in the finder. 



284 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

But if the owner appear within eighteen months from the taking up, prove 
his ownership and pay all costs and expenses, the finder shall pay him the 
appraised value of such estray, or may, at his option, deliver up the estray. 

WOLF SCALPS. 
A bounty of one dollar is paid for wolf scalps. 

MARKS AND BRANDS. 

Any person may adopt his own mark or brand for his domestic animals, and 
have a description tliereof recorded by the Township Clerk. 

No person shall adopt the recorded mark or brand of any other person 
residing in his township. 

DAMAGES FROM TRESPASS. 

When any person's lands are enclosed by a lawful fence, the owner of any 
domestic animal injuring said lands is liable for the damages, and the damages 
may be recovered by suit against the owner, or may be made by distraining the 
animals doing the damage; and if the party injured elects to recover by action 
at^ainst the owner, no appraisement need be made by the Trustees, as in case of 
distraint. 

When trespassing animals are distrained within twenty-four hours, Sunday 
not included, the party injured shall notify the owner of said animals, if known ; 
and if the owner fails to satisfy the party within twenty-four hours thereafter, 
the party shall have the township Trustees assess the tlamage, and notice shall 
be posted up in three conspicuous places in the township, that the stock, or part 
thereof, shall, on the tenth day after j^osting the notice, between the hours of 1 
and -J P. M., be sold to the highest bidder, to satisfy said damages, with costs. 

Appeal lies, within twenty days, from the action of the Trustees to the Cir- 
cuit Court. X 

^V'llere stock is restrained, by police regulation or by law, from running at 
large, any person injured in his improved or cultivated lands by any domestic 
animal, may, by action against the owner of such animal, or by distraining such 
animal, recover his damages, whether the lands whereon the injury was done 
were inclosed by a lawful fence or not. 

FENCES. 

A lawful fence is fifty-four inches high, made of rails, wire or boards, with 
posts not more than ten feet apart where rails are used, and eight feet where 
boards are used, substantially built and kej)t in good repair; or any other fence 
which, in the opinion of the Fence A^iewers, shall be declared a lawful fence — 
provided the lower rail, wire or board be not more that twenty nor less than six- 
teen inches from the ground. 

The respective owners of lands enclosed with fences shall maintain partition 
fences between their own and next adjoining enclosure so long as they improve 
thera in e([ual shares, unless otherwise agreed between them. 

If any party neglect to maintain such partition fence as he shoukl maintain, 
the Fence A'iewers (the township Trustees), upon complaint of aggrieved party, 
may, upon due notice to both parties, examine the fence, and, if found insuf- 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 285 

ficient, notify the delinquent party, in writing, to repair or re-build the same 
Avithin sucli time as they judge reasonable. 

If the fence be not repaired or rebuilt accordingly, the complainant may do 
so, and the same being adjudged sufficient by the Fence Viewers, and the 
value thereof, with their fees, being ascertained and certified under their hands, 
the complainant may demand of the delinquent the sum so ascertained, and if 
the same be not paid in one month after demand, may recover it with one per 
cent a month interest, by action. 

In case of disputes, the Fence Viewers may decide as to who shall erect or 
maintain partition fences, and in what time the same shall be done ; and in case 
any party neglect to maintain or erect such part as may be assigned to him, 
the aggrieved party may erect and maintain the same, and recover double 
damages. 

No person, not wishing his land inclosed, and not using it otherwise than in 
common, shall be compelled to maintain any partition fence ; but when he uses 
or incloses his land otherwise than in common, he shall contribute to the parti- 
tion fences. 

Where parties have had their lands inclosed in common, and one of the 
owners desires to occupy his separate and apart from the other, and the other 
refuses to divide the line or build a sufiicient fence on the line when divided, 
the Fence Viewers may divide and assign, and upon neglect of the other to 
build as ordered by the Viewers, the one may build the other's part and 
recover as above. 

And when one incloses land which has lain uninclosed, he must pay for 
one-half of each partition fence between himself and his neighbors. 

Where one desires to lay not less than twenty feet of his lands, adjoining 
his neighbor, out to the public to be used in common, he must give his neighbor 
SIX months' notice thereof. 

Where a fence has been built on the land of another through mistake, the 
owner may enter upon such premises and remove his fence and material withn 
six months after the division line has been ascertained. Where the material to 
build such a fence has been taken from the land on which it was built, then, 
before it can be removed, the person claiming must first pay for such material 
to the owner of the land from Avhich it was taken, nor shall such a fence be 
removed at a time Avhen the removal will throw open or expose tlie crops of the 
other party ; a reasonable time must be given beyond the six months to remove 
crops. 

MECHANICS' LIENS. 

Every mechanic, or other person who shall do any labor upon, or furnish 
any materials, machinery or fixtures for any building, erection or other improve- 
ment upon land, including those engaged in the construction or repair of any 
work of internal improvement, by virtue of any contract with the owner, his 
agent, trustee, contractor, or sub-contractor, shall have a lien, on complying 
with the forms of law, upon the building or other improvement for his labor 
done or materials furnished. 

It would take too large a space to detail the manner in which a sub- 
contractor secures his lien. He should file, within thirty days after the last of 
the labor was performed, or the last of the material shall have been furnished, 
with the Clerk of the District Court a true account of the amount due him, after 
allowing all credits, setting forth the time when such material was furnished or 
labor performed, and when completed, and containing a correct description of 



286 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

tlie property souglit to be charged with the lien, and the -whole verified by 
affidavit. 

A principal contractor must file such an affidavit witliin ninety days, as 

above. 

Ordinarily, there are so many points to be examined in order to secure a 
mechanics' lien, that it is much better, unless one is accustomed to managing 
sucli liens, to consult at once with an attorney. 

Remember tliat the proper time to file the claim is ninety days for a princi- 
pal contractor, thirty days for a sub-contractor, as above; and that actions to 
enforce these liens must be commenced within two years, and the rest can much 
better be done with an attorney. 

ROADS AND BRIDGES. 

Persons meeting each other on the public highways, shall give one-half of 
the same by turning to the right. All persons failing to observe this rule shall 
be liable to pay all damages resulting therefrom, together with a fine, not exceed- 
ing five dollars. 

The prosecution must be instituted on the complaint of the person wronged. 

Any person guilty of racing horses, or driving upon the public highway, in 
a manner likely to endanger the persons or the lives of others, shall, on convic- 
tion, be fined not exceeding one hundred dollars or imprisoned not exceeding 
thirty days. 

It is a misdemeanor, Avithout authority from the proper Road Supervisor, to 
break upon, plow or dig within the boundary lines of any public highway. 

The money tax levied upon the ])roperty in each road district in each town- 
ship (except the general Township Fund, set apart for purchasing tools, machin- 
ery and guide boards), whether collected by the Road Supervisor or County 
Treasurer, shall be expended for highway purposes in that district, and no part 
thereof shall be paid out or expended for the benefit of another district. 

The Road Supervisor of each district, is bound to keep the roads and bridges 
therein, in as good condition as the funds at his disposal will permit; to put 
guide boards at cross roads and forks of highways in his district; and when noti- 
fied in writing that any portion of the public highway, or any bridge is unsafe, 
must in a reasonable time repair the same, and for this purpose may call out 
any or all the able bodied men in the district, but not more than two days at 
one time, without their consent. 

Also, when notified in writing, of the growtli of any Canada thistles upon 
vacant or non-resident lands or lots, witiiin his district, the owner, lessee or 
agent thereof being unknown, sliall cause the same to be destroyed. 

Bridges when erected or maintained by the public, are parts of the highway, 
and must not be less than sixteen feet wide. 

A penalty is imposed upon any one who rides or drives faster than a walk 
across any sucii bridge. 

The manner of establishing, vacating or altering roads, etc., is so well known 
to all township officers, that it is sufficient here to say that the first step is by 
petition, filed in the Auditor's office, addressed in substance as follows : 

The Board of Supervisors of County : The undersigned asks that 

a highway, commencing at and running thence and terminating 

at , be established, viicated or altered (as the case may be.) 

When the petition is filed, all necessary and succeeding steps will be shown 
and explained to the petitioners by the Auditor. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 287 



ADOPTION OF CHILDREN. 



Any person competent to make a will can adopt as his own the minor child 
of another. The consent of both parents, if living and not divorced or separ- 
ated, and if divorced or separated, or if unmarried, the consent of the parent 
lawfully having the custody of the child ; or if either parent is dead, then the 
consent of the survivor, or if both parents be dead, or the child have been and 
remain abandoned by them, then the consent of the Mayor of the city where 
the child is living, or if not in the city, then of the Clerk of the Circuit Court 
of the county shall be given to such adoption by an instrument in writing, 
signed by party or parties consenting, and stating the names of the parties, if 
known, the name of the child, if known, the name of the person adopting such 
child, and the residence of all, if known, and declaring the name by which the 
child is thereafter to be called and known, and stating, also, that such child is 
given to the person adopting, for the purpose of adoption as his own child. 

The person adopting shall also sign said instrument, and all the parties shall 
acknoAvledge the same in the manner that deeds conveying lands shall be 
acknowledged. 

The instrument shall be recorded in the office of the County Recorder. 

SURVEYORS AND SURVEYS. 

Thei'e is in every county elected a Surveyor known as County Surveyor, 
who has power to appoint deputies, for whose official acts he is responsible. It 
is the duty of the County Surveyor, either by himself or his Duputy,' to make 
all surveys that he may be called upon to make within his county as soon as 
may be after application is made. The necessary chainmen and other assist- 
ance must be employed by the person requiring the same to be done, and to be 
by him paid, unless otherwise agreed ; but the chainmen must be disinterested 
persons and approved by the Surveyor and sworn by him to measure justly and 
impartially. Previous to any survey, he shall furnish himself with a copy of 
the field notes of the original survey of the same land, if there be any in the 
office of the County Auditor, and his survey shall be made in accordance there- 
with. 

Their fees are three dollars per day. For certified copies of field notes, 
twenty-five cents. 

SUPPORT OF POOR. 

The father, mother and children of any poor person who has applied for aid, 
and Avho is unable to maintain himself by work, shall, jointly or severally, 
maintain such poor person in such manner as may be approved by the Town- 
ship Trustees. 

In the absence or inability of nearer relatives, the same liability shall extend 
to the grandparents, if of ability without personal labor, and to the male grand- 
children who are of ability, by personal labor or otherwise. 

The Township Trustees may, upon the failure of such relatives to maintain 
a poor person, who has made application for relief, apply to the Circuit Court 
for an order to compel the same. 

Upon ten days' notice, in writing, to the parties sought to be charged, a 
hearing may be had, and an order made for entire or partial support of the poor 
person. 



288 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

Appeal may be taken from such judgment as from other judgments of the 
Circuit Court. 

When any person, having any estate, abandons either chikh-en, wife or hus- 
band, leaving them chargeable, or likely to become chargeable, upon the public for 
suj)port, up(m proof of above fact, an order may be had from the Clerk of the 
Circuit Court, or Judge, authorizing tlie Trustees or the Sheriff to take into 
possession such estate. 

The Court may direct such personal estate to be sold, to be applied, as well 
as the rents and profits of the real estate, if any, to the support of children, 
wife or husband. 

If tiie party against whom the order is issued return and support the per- 
son abandoned, or give security for the same, the order shall be discharged, and 
the property taken returned. 

The mode of relief for the poor, through the action of the Township 
Trustees, or the action of the Board of Supervisors, is so Avell known to every 
township officer, and the circumstances attending applications for relief are so 
varied, that it need now only be said that it is the duty of each county to pro- 
vide for its poor, no matter at what place they may be. 



LANDLORD AND TENANT. 

A tenant giving notice to quit demised premises at a time named, and after- 
ward holding over, and a tenant or his assignee willfully holding over the prem- 
ises after the term, and after notice to quit, shall pay double rent. 

Any person in possession of real property, with the assent of the owner, is 
presumed to be a tenant at will until the contrary is shown. 

Thirty days' notice, in writing, is necessary to be given by either party 
before he can terminate a tenancy at will ; but when, in any case, a rent is 
reserved payable at intervals of less than thirty days, the length of notice need 
not be greater than such interval between the days of payment. In case of 
tenants occupying and cultivating farms, the notice must fix the termination of 
tlie tenancy to take place on the 1st day of March, except in cases of field 
tenants or croppers, whose leases shall be held to expire when the crop is har- 
vested ; provided, that in case of a crop of corn, it shall not be later than the 
1st day of December, unless otherwise agreed upon. But when an express 
agreement is made, whether the same has been reduced to writing or not, 
the tenancy shall cease at the time agreed upon, without notice. 

But where an express agreement is made, whether reduced to writing or 
not, the tenancy shall cease at the time agreed upon, without notice. 

If such tenant cannot be found in the county, the notices above required 
may be given to any sub-tenant or other person in possession of the premises ; 
or, if the premises be vacant, by affixing the notice to the principal door of the 
buihling or in some conspicuous position on the land, if there be no building. 

The landlord shall have a lien for his rent upon all the crops grown on the 
premises, and upon any other personal property of the tenant used on the 
premises tluring the term, and not exempt from execution, for the period of one 
year after a year's rent or the rent of a shorter period claimed falls due ; but 
such lien shall not continue more than six months after the expiration of the 
term. 

The lien may be effected by the commencement of an action, within the 
period above prescribed, for the rent alone ; and the landlord is entitled to a writ 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 



289 



of attachment, upon filing an affidavit that the action is commenced to rcover 
rent accrued within one year previous thereto upon the premises described in the 
affidavit. 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 

Whenever any of the following articles shall be contracted for, or sold or 
delivered, and no special contract or agreement shall be made to the contrary, 
the weight per bushel shall be as follows, to-wit: 



Apples, Peaches or Quinces, 48 

Cherries, Grapes, Currants or Gooseberries, 40 
Strawberries, Raspberries or Blackberries, 32 

Osage Orange Seed 32 

Millet Seed 45 

Stone Coal. 80 

Lime 80 

Corn in the ear 70 

Wheat 60 

Potatoes 60 

Beans 60 

Clover Seed 60 

Onions 57 

Shelled Corn 56 

Rye 56 

Flax Seed 56 

Sweet Potatoes 46 



Sand 130 

Sorghum Seed 30 

Broom Corn Seed 80 

Buckwheat 52 

Salt 50 

Barley 48 

Corn Meal 48 

Castor Beans 46 

Timothy Seed 45 

Hemp Seed 44 

Dried Peaches 33 

Oats 33 

Dried Apples 24 

Bran 20 

Blue Grass Seed 14 

Hungarian Grass Seed 45 



Penalty for giving less than the above standard is treble damages and costs 
and five dollars addition thereto as a fine. 



DEFINITION OF COMMERCIAL TERMS. 

$ means dollars, being a contraction of U. S., which was formerly placed 

before any denomination of money, and meant, as it means now, United States 
Currency. 

<£ means jt>0Mwc?s, English money. 

@ stands for at ov to; K) for pounds, and bbl. for barrels ; '^ for ijer or hy 
the. Thus, Butter sells at 20(«]30c f ft, and Flour at |8(«i$12 ^ bbl. 

% for per cent., and # for number. 

May 1. Wheat sells at $1.20@|1.25, " seller June." Seller June means 
that the person who sells the wheat has the privilege of delivering it at any 
time during the month of June. 

Selling short, is contracting to deliver a certain amount of grain or stock, 
at a fixed price, within a certain length of time, when the seller has not the 
stock on hand. It is for the interest of the person selling "short" to depress 
the market as much as possible, in order that he may buy and fill his contract 
at a profit. Hence the "shorts" are termed "bears." 

Buying long, is to contract to purchase a certain amount of grain or shares 
of stock at a 'fixed price, deliverable within a stipulated time, expecting to make 
a profit by the rise in prices. The " longs " are termed " bulls," as it is for 
their interest to "operate" so as to "toss" the prices upward as much as 
possible. 



290 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

NOTES. 

Form of note is legal, worded in the simplest way, so that the amount and 
"fcme of payment are mentioned : 

^100. Chicago, 111., Sept. 15, 1876. 

Sixty days from date I promise to pay to E. F. Brown or order, one hun- 
dred dollars, for value received. L- D- LoWRY. 

A note to be payable in anything else than money needs only the facts sub- 
stituted for money in the above form. 

ORDERS. 

Orders should be worded simply, thus : 
Mr. F. H. Coats : Chicago, Sept. 15, 1876. 

Please pay to H. Birdsall twenty-five dollars, and charge to 

F. D. SiLVA. 

RECEIPTS. 
Receipts should always state when received and what for, thus : 

$100. Chicago, Sept. 15, 1876. 

Received of J. W. Davis, one hundred dollars, for services 
rendered in grading his lot in Fort Madison, on account. 

Thomas Brady. 
If receipt is in full, it should be so stated. "* 

BILLS OF PURCHASE. 

W. N. Mason, Salem, Illinois, Sept. 18, 1876. 

Bought of A. A. Graham. 

4 Bushels of Seed Wheat, at $1.50 $6 00 

2 Seamless Sacks " 30 60 



Received payment, $6 60 

A. A. Graham. 



CONFESSION OF JUDGMENT. 



-, Iowa, , 18 — . 



after date — promises to pay to the order of , dollars, 

at , for value received, with interest at ten per cent, per annum after 

until paid. Interest payable , and on interest not paid when due, 

interest at same rate and conditions. 

A failure to pay sai<l interest, or any part thereof, within 20 days after due, shall cause the 
whole note to become due and collectable at once. 

If this note is sued, or judgment is confessed hereon, § shall be allowed as attorney fees. 

No. — . P. 0. , . 

CONFESSION OF JUDGMENT. 
— vs. — . In Court of County, Iowa, , of 



County, Iowa, do hereby confess that justly indebted to , in the 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 291 

sura of dollars, and the further sum of $ as attorney fees, with 

interest thereon at ten per cent, from , and — hereby confess judgment 

against as defendant in favor of said , for said sum of $ , 

and $ as attorney fees, hereby authorizing the Clerk of the Court of 

said county to enter up judgment for said sum against with costs, and 

interest at 10 per cent, from , the interest to be paid . 

Said debt and judgment being for . 

It is especially agreed, however. That if this judgment is paid within twenty 

days after due, no attorney fees need be paid. And hereby sell, convey 

and release all right of homestead we now occupy in favor of said so 

far as this judgment is concerned, and agree that it shall be liable on execution 
for this judgment. 

Dated , 18—. . 



The State of Iowa, \ 



County. 

being duly sworn according to law, depose and say that the forego- 
ing statement and Confession of Judgment was read over to , and that — 

understood the contents thereof, and that the statements contained therein are 

true, and that the sums therein mentioned are justly to become due said 

as aforesaid. 



Sworn to and subscribed before me and in my presence by the said 



this day of , 18 — . , Notary Public. 



ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT. 

An agreement is where one party promises to another to do a certain thing 
in a certain time for a stipulated sum. Good business men always reduce an 
agreement to writing, which nearly always saves misunderstandings and trouble. 
No particular form is necessary, but the facts must be clearly and explicitly 
stated, and there must, to make it valid, be a reasonable consideration. 

GENERAL FORM OF AGREEMENT. 

This Agreement, made the Second day of June, 1878, between John 
Jones, of Keokuk, County of Lee, State of Iowa, of the first part, and Thomas 
Whiteside, of the same place, of the second part — 

WITNESSETH, that the said John Jones, in consideration of the agreement 
of the party of the second part, hereinafter contained, contracts and agrees to 
and with the said Thomas Whiteside, that he will deliver in good and market- 
able condition, at the Village of Melrose, Iowa, during the month of November, 
of this year. One Hundred Tons of Prairie Hay, in the following lots, and at 
the following specified times ; namely, twenty-five tons by the seventh of Nov- 
ember, twenty-five tons additional by the fourteenth of the month, twenty-five 
tons more by the twenty-first, and the entire one hundred tons to be all delivered 
by the thirtieth of November. 

And the said Thomas Whiteside, in consideration of the prompt fulfillment 
of this contract, on the part of the party of the first ])art, contracts to and agrees 
with the said John Jones, to pay for said hay five dollars per ton, for each ton 
as soon as delivered. 



292 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

In case of failure of agreement by eitlicr of the parties hereto, it is hereby 
stipulated and agreed that the party so failing shall pay to the other, One Hun- 
dred dollars, as fixed and settled damages. 

In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands the day and year first 
above written. John Jones, 

Thomas Whiteside. 

agreement with clerk for services. 

This Agreemext, made the first day of May, one thousand eight hundred 
and seventy-eight, between Reuben Stone, of Dubuque, County of Dubuque, 
State of Iowa, party of the first part, and George Barclay, of McGregor, 
County of Clayton, State of Iowa, party of the second part — 

WITNESSETH, that said George Barclay agrees faithfully and diligently to 
work as clerk and salesman for the said Reuben Stone, for and during the space 
of one year from the date hereof, should both live such length of time, without 
absenting himself from his occupation ; during which time he, the said Barclay, in 
the store of said Stone, of Dubuque, will carefully and honestly attend, doing 
and performing all duties as clerk and salesman aforesaid, in accordance and in 
all respects as directed and desired by the paid Stone. 

In consideration of wdiich services, so to be rendered by the said Barclay, the 
said Stone agrees to pay to said Barclay the annual sum of one thousand dol- 
lars, payable in twelve equal monthly payments, each upon the last day of each 
month ; provided that all dues for days of absence from business by said Barclay, 
shall be deducted from the sum otherwise by the agreement due and payable by 
the said Stone to the said Barclay. 

Witness our hands. Reuben Stone. 

George Barclay. 

BILLS OF SALE. 

A bill of sale is a Avritten agreement to another party, for a consideration to 
convey his right and interest in the personal property. The purchaser must 
take- actual possession of the property, or the bill of sale must be acknowledged 
and recorded. 

COMMON FORM OF BILL OF SALE. 

Know all Men by this instrument, that I, Louis Clay, of Burlington, 
Iowa, of the first part, for and in consideration of Five Hundred and Ten 
Dollars, to me paid by John Floyd, of the same place, of the second part, the 
receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, have sold, and by this instrument do 
•convey unto the said Floyd, party of the second part, his executors, administra- 
tors and assigns, my undivided half of ten acres of corn, now growing on the 
arm of Thomas Tyrell, in the town above mentioned ; one pair of horses, 
sixteen sheep, and five cows, belonging to me and in my possession at the farm 
aforesaid ; to have and to hold the same unto the party of the second part, his 
executors and assigns forever. And I do, for myself and legal representatives, 
agree with tiie said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, to 
■warrant and defend the sale of the afore-mentioned property and chattels unto 
the said party of tlie second part, and his legal representatives, against all and 
every person whatsoever. 

In witness whereof, I have hereunto affixed my hand, this tenth day of 
October, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six. 

Louis Clay. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 293 

NOTICE TO QUIT. 
To John Wontpay : 

You are hereby notified to (j[uit the possession of the premises you now 
occupy to wit : 

[^Insert Description. '\ 

on or before thirty days from the date of this notice. 

Dated January 1, lb78. Landlord. 

[Reverse for Notice to Landlord.^ 

GENERAL FORM OF WILL FOR REAL AND PERSONAL 

PROPERTY. 

I, Charles Mansfield, of the Town of Bellevue, County of Jackson, State 
of Iowa, being aware of the uncertainty of life, and in failing health, but of 
sound mind and memory, do make and declare this to be my last will and tes- 
tament, in manner following, to-wit : 

First. I give, devise and bequeath unto my eldest son, Sidney H. Mans- 
field, the sum of Two Thousand Dollars, of bank stock, now in the Third 
National Bank, of Cincinnati, Ohio, and the farm owned by myself, in the 
Township of Iowa, consisting of one hundred and sixty acres, with all the 
houses, tenements and improvements thereunto belonging ; to have and to hold 
unto my said son, his heirs and assigns, forever. 

Second. I give, devise and bequeath to each of my two daughters, Anna 
Louise Mansfield and Ida Clara Mansfield, each Two Thousand Dollars in bank 
stock in the Third National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio ; and also, each one 
quarter section of land, owned by myself, situated in theTownship of Fairfield, 
and recorded in my name in the Recorder's office, in the county where such land 
is located. The north one hundred and sixty acres of said half section is- 
devised to my eldest daughter, Anna Louise. 

Third. I give, devise and bequeath to my son, Frank Alfred Mansfield, five' 
shares of railroad stock in the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and my one hundred 
and sixty acres of land, and saw-mill thereon, situated in Manistee, Michigan, 
with all the improvements and appurtenances thereunto belonging, which said 
real estate is recorded in my name, in the county where situated. 

Fourth. I give to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, all my household 
furniture, goods, chattels and personal property, about my home, not hitherto 
disposed of, including Eight Thousand Dollars of bank stock in the Third 
National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio, fifteen shares in the Baltimore & Ohio 
Railroad, and the free and unrestricted use, possession and benefit of the home 
farm so long as she may live, in lieu of dower, to which she is entitled by law 
— said farm being my present place of residence. 

Fifth. I bequeath to my invalid father, Elijah H. Mansfield, the income 
from rents of my store building at 145 Jackson street, Chicago, Illinois, during 
the term of his natural life. Said building and land therewith to revert^ to 
my said sons and daughters in equal proportion, upon the demise of my said 
father. 

Sixth. It is also my will and desire that, at the death of my Avife, Victoria 
Elizabeth Mansfield, or at any time when she may arrange to relinquish her 



•294 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

life interest in tlic above mentioned homestead, the same may revert to my 
above named children, or to the lawful heirs of each. 

And lastly. I nominate and appoint as the executors of this, my last will 
and testament, my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, and my eldest son, Sidney 
H. Mansfield. 

I further direct that my debts and necessary funeral expenses shall be paid 
from moneys now on deposit in the Savings Bank of Bellevue, the residue of 
such moneys to revert to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, for her use for- 
ever. 

In witness whereof, I, Charles Mansfield, to this my last will and testament, 
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this fourth day of April, eighteen hundred 
and seventy-two. 

Charles Mansfield. 

Signed, and declared by Charles Mansfield, as and for his last will and tes- 
ment, in the presence of us, who, at his request, and in his presence, and in 
the presence of each other, have subscribed our names hereunto as witnesses 
thereof. Peter A. Schenck, Dubuque, Iowa, 

Frank E. Dent, Bellevue, Iowa. 

CODICIL. 

Whereas I, Charles Mansfield, did, on the fourth day of April, one thousand 
eight hundred and seventy-two, make my last will and testament, I do now, by 
this writing, add this codicil to my said will, to be taken as a part thereof. 

Whereas, by the dispensation of Providence, my daughter, Anna Louise, 
has deceased, November fifth, eighteen hundred and seventy-three ; and whereas, 
a son has been born to me, whicli son is noAv christened Richard Albert Mans- 
field, I give and bequeath unto him my gold watch, and all right, interest and 
title in lands and bank stock and chattels bequeathed to my deceased daughter, 
Anna Louise, in the body of this will. 

In witness whereof, I hereunto place my hand and seal, this tenth day of 
March, eighteen hundred and seventy-five. Charles Mansfield. 

Signed, sealed, published and declared to us by the testator, Charles Mans- 
field, as and for a codicil to be annexed to his last will and testament. And 
we, at his re([uest, and in his presence, and in the presence of each other, have 
subscribed our names as witnesses thereto, at the date hereof. 

Frank E. Dent, Bellevue, Iowa, 
John C. Shay, Bellevue, Iowa. 



{Form No. 1.) 

SATISFACTION OF MORTGAGE. 
State of Iowa, 



County, '' 



I, , of the County of , State of Iowa, do hereby acknowledge 

that a certain Indenture of , bearing date the day of , A. D. 

18 — , made and executed by and , his wife, to said on 

the following described Real Estate, in tlic County of , and State of 

Iowa, to-wit : (here insert description) and filed for record in the office of the 
Recorder of the County of , and State of Iowa, on the day of , 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 295 

A. D. 18 — , at o'clock . M. ; and recorded in Book of Mortgage 

Records, on page , is redeemed, paid off, satisfied and discharged in full. 

. [seal.] 

State of Iowa, 1 

County, j ' ■ 

Be it Remembered, That on this day of , A. D. 18 — , before 

me the undersigned, a in and for said county, personally appeared , 

to me personally known to be the identical person who executed the above 

(satisfaction of mortgage) as grantor, and acknowledged signature 

thereto to be voluntary act and deed. 

Witness my hand and seal, the day and year last above 

written. . 



ONE FORM OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE. 

Know all Men by these Presents : That , of County, and 

State of , in consideration of dollars, in hand paid by of 

County, and State of , do hereby sell and convey unto the said 

the following described premises, situated in the County , and State of 

, to wit : (here insert description,) and do hereby covenant with the 

said that lawfully seized of said premises, that they are free from 

incumbrance, that have good right and lawful authority to sell and convey 

the same ; and do hereby covenant to warrant and defend the same against 

the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever. To be void upon condition that 

the said shall pay the full amount of principal and interest at the time 

therein specified, of certain promissory note for the sum of dollars. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , Avitli interest annually at per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

And the said Mortgagor agrees to pay all taxes that may be levied upon the 
above described premises. It is also agreed by the Mortgagor that if it becomes 
necessary to foreclose this mortgage, a reasonable amount shall be allowed as an 

attorney's fee for foreclosing. And the said hereby relinquishes all her 

right of dower and homestead in and to the above described premises. 
Signed to day of , A. D. 18 — . 



[Acknowledge as in Form No. 1.] 



SECOND FORM OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE. 

Thls Indenture, made and executed by and between of the 

county of and State of , part of the first part, and of the 

county of and State of party of the second part, Witnesseth, that the 

said part of the first part, for and in consideration of the sum of dollars, 

paid by the said party of the second part, the receipt of which is hereby 
acknowledged, have granted and sold, and do by these presents, grant, bargain, 
sell, convey and confirm, unto the said party of the second part, heirs and 



296 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAAVS. 

assio-ns forever, the certain tract or parcel of real estate situated in the county 
of and State of , described as follows, to-wit: 

[Here insert description.) 

The said part of the first part represent to and covenant with the part of 
the second part, that ho have good right to sell and convey said premises, 
that they are free from encumbrance and that he will warrant and defend 
tiiera against the lawful claims of all persons wliomsoever, and do expressly 
hereby release all rights of dower in and to said premises, and relinquish and 
convey all riglits of homestead therein. 

This Instrument is made, executed and delivered upon the following con- 
ditions, to-"wit : 

First. Said first part agree to pay said or order 

Second. Said first part further agree as is stipulated in said note, that if 
he shall fail to pay any of said interest when due, it shall bear interest at the 
rate often per cent, per annum, from the time the same becomes due, and this 
mortgage shall stand as security for the same. 

Third. Said first part further agree that he will pay all taxes and 
assessments levied upon said real estate before the same become delinquent, and 
if not paid the holder of this mortgage may declare the whole sum of money 
herein secured due and collectable at once, or he may elect to pay such taxes or 
assessments, and be entitled to interest on the same at the rate of ten per cent. 
per annum, and this mortgage shall stand as security for the amount so paid. 
Fourth. Said first part further agree that if he fail to pay any of said 

money, either princijjal or interest, within days after the same becomes 

due ; or fail to conform or comply with any of the foregoing conditions or agree- 
ments, the whole sum herein secured shall become due and payable at once, and 
this mortgage may thereupon be foreclosed immediately for the whole of said 
money, interest and costs. 

Fifth. Said part further agree thatintheeventof the non-payment of either 
principal, interest or taxes Avhen due, and upon the filing of a bill of foreclosure 
of this mortgage, an attorney's fee of dollars shall become due and pay- 
able, and shall be l)y the court taxed, and this mortgage shall stand as security 
therefor, and the same shall be included in the decree of foreclosure and shall 
be made by the Sheriff on general or special execution with the other money, 
interest and costs, and the contract embodied in this mortgage and the note 
described herein, shall in all respects be governed, constructed and adjudged 

by the laws of , where the same is made. The foregoing conditions 

being performed, this conveyance to bo void, otherwise of full force and virtue. 



[Acknowledge as in form No. 1.] 



FORM OF LEASE. 



This Article of Agreement, Made and entered into on this day of 

-, A. D. 187-, by and between , of the county of , and 



State of Iowa, of the first part, and , of the county of 

and State of Iowa, of the second part, witnesseth that the said party of the first 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 297 

part has this day leased unto the party of the second part the following described 

premises, to wit : 

\^Here insert description.'] 

for the term of from and after the — day of , A. D. 187-, a:j 

the rent of dollars, to be paid as follows, to wit : 

\_Here insert Terms.] 

And it is further agreed that if any rent shall be due and unpaid, or if 
default be made in any of the covenants herein contained, it shall then be law- 
ful for the said party of the first part to re-enter the said premises, or to destrain 
for such rent; or he may recover possession thereof, by action of forcible entry 
and detainer, notwithstanding the provision of Section 3,612 of the Code of 
1873 ; or he may use any or all of said remedies. 

And the said party of the second part agrees to pay to the party of the first 
part the rent as above stated, except when said premises are untenantable by 
reason of fire, or from any other cause than the carelessness of the party of the 

second part, or persons family, or in employ, or by superior force 

and inevitable necessity. And the said party of the second part covenants 

that will use the said premises as a , and for no other purposes 

whatever ; and that especially will not use said premises, or permit the 

same to be used, for any unlawful business or purpose whatever ; that will 

not sell, assign, underlet or relinquish said premises without the written consent 

of the lessor, under penalty of a forfeiture of all rights under this lease, at 

the election of the party of the first part ; and that — ' will use all due care 

and diligence in guarding said property, with the buildings, gates, fences, trees, 
vines, shrubbery, etc., from damage by fire, and the depredations of animals ; 

that will keep buildings, gates, fences, etc., in as good repair as they now 

are, or may at* any time be placed by the lessor, damages by superior force, 
inevitable necessity, or fire from any other cause than from the carelessness of 

the lessee, or persons of family, or in employ, excepted ; and that 

at the expiration of this lease, or upon a breach by said lessee of any of the said 

covenants herein contained, will, without further notice of any kind, quit 

and surrender the possession and occupancy of said premises in as good condi- 
tion as reasonable use, natural wear and decay thereof will permit, damages by 
fire as aforesaid, superior force, or inevitable necessity, only excepted. 

In witness whereof, the said parties have subscribed their names on the date 
first above written. 

In presence of 



FORM OF NOTE. 



18—. 



On or before the — day of , 18 — , for value received, I promise to 

pay or order, dollars, with interest from date until paid, 

at ten per cent, per annum, payable annually, at . Unpaid interest 

shall bear interest at ten per cent, per annum. On failure to pay interest 

within days after due, the whole sum, principal and interest, shall become 

due at once. 



298 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

CHATTEL MORTGAGE. 

Know all Men by the>e Presents : Tliat of County, and 

State of in consideration of dollars, in hand paid by — ^ , of 

County and State of do hereby sell and convey unto the said the 

following described personal property, now in the possession of in the 

county and State of , to wit : 

\_IIere insert Description .'[ 

And do hereby warrant the title of said property, and that it is free from 

any incumbrance or lien. The only right or interest retained by grantor in 
and to said property being the right of redemption as herein provided. This 
convevance to be void upon condition that the said grantor shall pay to said 
grantee, or his assigns, the full amount of principal and interest at the time 

therein specified, of certain promissory notes of even date herewith, for 

the sum of dollars, 

One note for 8 <luc , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for ^ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for ^ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for § , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

The grantor to pay all taxes on said property, and if at any time any part 
or portion of said notes should be due and unpaid, said grantee may proceed by 
sale or foreclosure to collect and pay himself the unpaid balance of said notes, 
whether due or not, the grantor to pay all necessary expense of such foreclosure, 

including § Attorney's fees, and whatever remains after paying oflf said 

notes and expenses, to be paid over to said grantor. 

Signed the day of , 18 — . . 

[Acknowledged as in form No. 1.] ^ . 



WARRANTY DEED. 

Know all Men by these Presents : That of County and 

State of . in consideration of the sum of Dollars, in hand paid by 

of , County and State of , do hereby sell and convey unto 

the said and to heirs and assigns, the following described premises, 

situated in the County of , State of Iowa, to-wit : 

\^Here insert description.'] 

And I do hereby covenant with the said that — lawfully seized in fee 

simple, of said jiromises, that they are free from incumbrance ; that — ha good 
right and lawfid authority to sell the same, and — do hereby covenant to war- 
rant and (U'fend llic said premises and appurtenances thereto belonging, against 

the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever; and the said hereby re- 

linquislies all ber right of dower and of homestead in and to the above described 
premises. 

Signed the day of , A. D. 18 — . 

IN presence of 



[Acknowledged as in Form No. 1.] 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 299 



QUIT-CLAIM DEED. 

Knov/ all Men by these Presents : That , of County, 

State of , in consideration of the sum of dollars, to — in hand 

paid by , of County, State of , the receipt whereof — do 

hereby acknowledge,have bargained, sold and quit-claimed, and by these presents 

do bargain, sell and quit-claim unto the said and to — heirs and assigns 

forever, all — right, title, interest, estate, claim and demand, both at law and 
in equity, and as well in possession as in expectancy, of, in and to the following 
described premises, to wit : [here insert description] Avith all and singular the 
hereditaments and appurtenances thereto belonging. 

Signed this — — day of , A. D. 18—. 

Signed in Presence of 



[Acknowledged as in form No. 1.] 



BOND FOR DEED. 

^Know ALL Men by these Present's: That of County, 

and State of am held and firmly bound unto of County, and 

State of , in the sum of ■ — Dollars, to be paid to the said , his 

executors or assigns, for which payment well and truly to be made, I bind myself 

firmly by these presents. Signed the day of A. D. 18 — . 

The condition of this obligation is such, that if the said obligee shall pay to 
said obligor, or his assigns, the full amount of principal and interest at the time 
therein specified, of — certain promissory note of even date herewith, for the 
sum of Dollars, 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. 

and pay all taxes accruing upon the lands herein described, then said obligor 
shall convey to the said obligee, or his assigns, that certain tract or parcel of 
real estate, situated in the County of and State of Iowa, described as fol- 
lows, to wit: [here insert description,] by a Warranty Deed, with the usual 
covenants, duly executed and acknowledged. 

If said obligee should fail to make the payments as above stipulated, or any 
part thereof, as the same becomes due, said obligor may at his option, by notice 
to the obligee terminate his liability under the bond and resume the posses- 
sion and abscliito control of said premises, time being the essence of this 
agreement. 

On the fulfillment of the above conditions this obligation to become void, 
otherwise to remain in full force and virtue ; unless terminated by the obligor 
as above stipulated. 



[Acknowledge as in form No. 1.] 



300 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 



CHARITABLE, SCIENTIFIC AND RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATIONS. 

Any three or more persons of full age, citizens of the United States, 
a majority of whom shall be citizens of this State, who desire to associate 
themselves for benevolent, charitable, scientific, religious or missionary pur- 
poses, may make, sign and acknowledge, before any officer authorized to take 
the acknowledgments of deeds in this State, and have recorded in the office of 
the Recorder of the county in which the business of such society is to be con- 
ducted, a certificate in writing, in wliich shall be stated the name or title by 
which such society shall be known, the particular business and objects of such 
society, the number of Trustees. Directors or Managers to conduct the same, and 
the names of the Trustees, Directors or Managers of such society for the first 
year of its existence. 

Upon filing for record the certificate, as aforesaid, the persons who shall 
have signed and acknowledged such certificate, and their associates and success- 
ors, shall, by virtue hereof, be a body politic and corporate by the name 
stated in such certificate, and by that they and their successors shall and may 
have succession, and shall be persons capable of suing and being sued, and may 
have and use a common seal, which they may alter or change at pleasure ; and 
they and their successors, by their corporate name, shall be capable of taking, 
receiving, purchasing and holding real and personal estate, and of making by- 
laws for the management of its affiiirs, not inconsistent with law. 

The society so incorporated may, annually or oftener, elect from its members 
its Trustees, Directors or Managers at such time and place, and in such manner 
as may be specified in its by-laws, who shall have the control and management 
of the affairs and funds of the society, a majority of whom shall be a quorum 
for the transaction of business, and whenever any vacancy shall happen among 
such Trustees, Directors or ]\Ianagers, by death, resignation or neglect to serve, 
such vacancy shall be filled in such manner as shall be provided by the by-laws 
of such society. When the body corporate consists of the Trustees, Directors or 
Managers of any benevolent, charitable, literary, scientific, religious or mis- 
sionary institution, which is or may be established in the State, and which is or 
may be under the patronage, control, direction or supervision of any synod, con- 
ference, association or other ecclesiastical body in such State, established 
agreeably to the laws thereof, such ecclesiastical body may nominate and 
appoint such Trustees, Directors or Managers, according to usages of the appoint- 
ing body, and may fill any vacancy which may occur among such Trustees, 
Directors or Managers ; and when any such institution may be under the 
patronage, control, direction or supervision of two or more of such synods, con- 
ferences, associations or other ecclesiastical bodies, such bodies may severally 
nominate and appoint such proportion of such Trustees, Directors or Managers 
as shall be agreed upon by those bodies immediately concerned. And any 
vacancy occurring among such appointees last named, shall be filled by the 
synod, conference, association or body having appointed the last incumbent. 

In case any election of Trustees, Directors or Managers shall not be made 
on the day designated by the by-laws, said society for that cause shall not be 
dissolved, but such election may take place on any other day directed by such 
by-laws. 

Any corporation formed under this cha))ter shall be capable of taking, hold- 
ing or receiving property Ity virtue of any devise or betpiest contained in any 
last will or testament of any person whatsoever ; but no person leaving a wife, 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 301 

child or parent, shall devise or bequeath to such institution or corporation more 
than one-fourth of his estate after the payment of his debts, ami such device or 
be*|uest shall be valid only to the extent of such one-fourth. 

Any corporation in this State of an academical character, the memberships 
of "which shall consist of lay members and pastors of churches, delegates to any 
synod, conference or council holding its annual meetings alternately in this and 
one or more adjoining States, may hold its annual meetings for the election of 
officers and the transaction of business in any adjoining State to this, at such 
place therein as the said synod, conference or council shall hold its annual meet- 
ings; and the elections so held and business so transacted shall be as legal and 
binding as if held and transacted at the place of business of the corporation in 
this State. 

The provisions of this chapter shall not extend or apply to any association 
or individual who sluxll, in the certificate filed with the Recorder, use or specify 
a name or style the same as that of any previously existing incorporated society 
in the county. 

The Trustees, Directors or stockholders of any existing benevolent, char- 
itable, scientific, missionary or religious corporation, may, by conforming to the 
requirements of Section 1095 of this chapter, re-incorporate themselves or con- 
tinue their existing corporate powers, and all the property and effects of such 
existing corporation shall vest in and belong to the corporation so re-incorporated 
or continued. 



INTOXICATING LIQUORS. 

No intoxicating liquors (alcohol, spirituous and vinous liquors), except wine 
manufactured from grapes, currants or other fruit grown in the State, shall be 
manufactured or sold, except for mechanical, medicinal, culinary or sacramental 
purposes ; and even such sale is limited as follows : 

. Any citizen of the State, except hotel keepers, keepers of saloons, eating 
houses, grocery keepers and confectioners, is permitted to buy and sell, within 
the county of his residence, such liquors for such mechanical, etc., purposes 
only, provided he shall obtain the consent of the Board of Supervisors. In 
order to get that consent, he must get a certificate from a majority of the elec- 
tors of the town or township or ward in which he desires to sell, that he is of 
good moral character, and a proper person to sell such liquors. 

If the Board of Supervisors grant him permission to sell such liquors, he 
must give bonds, and shall not sell such liquors at a greater profit than thirty- 
three per cent, on the cost of the same. Any person having a permit to sell> 
shall make, on the last Saturday of every month, a return in writing to the 
Auditor of the county, showing the kind and quantity of the liquors purchased 
by him since the date of his last rep<»rt, the price paid, and the amount of 
freights paid on the same ; also the kind and quantity of liquors sold by him 
since the date of his last report; to whom sold ; for what purpose and at what 
price ; also the kind and quantity of liquors on hand ; which report shall be 
sworn to by the person having the permit, and shall be kept by the Auditor, 
subject at all times to the inspection of the public. 

No person shall sell or give away any intoxicating liquors, including wine or 
beer, to any minor, for any purpose whatever, except upon written order of 
parent, guardian or family physician ; or sell the same to an intoxicated person 
or a person in the habit of becoming intoxicated. 



302 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

Any person who shall mix any intoxicating liiiuor with any beer, wine or 
cider, by him sold, and shall sell or keep for sale, as a beverage, such mixture, 
shall be punishetl as fur sale of intoxicating litjuor. 

]Jiit nt)tlung in the chapter containing the laws governing the sale or pro- 
hibiting the sale of intoxicating liipiors, shall be construed to forbid the sale by 
the importer thereof of foreign intoxicating li(pior, imported under the author- 
ity of the laws of the United States, regarding the importation of such li(iuors, 
and in accordance with such laws ; provided that such liquor, at the time of the 
sale by the importer, renuiins in the original casks or packages in which it was 
by him imported, and in quantities not less than the quantities in which the 
laws of the United States recjuire such liquors to be imported, and is sold by 
him in such original casks or packages, and in said quantities only. 

All payment or compensation for intoxicating licjuor sold in violation of the 
laws of this State, whether such payments or compensation be in money, goods, 
lands, labor, or anything else whatsoever, shall be held to have been received in viola- 
tion of law and equity and good conscience, and to have been received upon a 
valid promise and agreement of the receiver, in consideration of the receipt 
thereof, to pay on demand, to the person furnishing such consideration, the 
amount of the money on the just value of the goods or other things. 

All sales, transfers, conveyances, mortgages, liens, attachments, pledges and 
securities of every kind, which, either in whole or in part, shall have been made 
on account of intoxicating lii^uors sold contrary to law, shall be utterly null and 
Void. 

Negotiable paper in the hands of lioldcrs thereof, in good faith, for valuable 
considei-ation, without notice of any illegality in its inception or transfer, how- 
ever, shall not be affected by the above provisions. Neither shall the holder of 
land or other property who may have taken the same in good faith, without 
notice of any defect in the. title of the person from whom the same was 
taken, growing out of a violation of the liquor law, be affected by the above 
provision. 

Every wife, child, parent, guardian, employer, or other person, wdio shall be 
injured in ])erson or property or means of support, by an intoxicated person, or 
in consecjueuce of the intoxication, has a right of action against any person who 
shall, by selling intoxicating li(|Uors, cause the intoxication of such person, for 
all damages actually sustained as well as exemplary damages. 

For any damages recovered, the personal and real property (except home- 
stead, as now provided) of the person against whom the damages are recovered, 
as well as the premises or property, personal or real, occupied and used by him, 
with Consent and kiinwledge of owner, either for manufacturing or selling intox- 
icating liquors Contrary to law, shall be liable. 

The only (»ther exemption, besides the homestead, from this sweeping liability, 
is that the defendant may have enough for the support of his family for six 
months, to be determined by the Township Trustee. 

No ale, wine, beer (tr other malt or vinous li<[uors shall be sold within two 
miles of the corporate limits of any municipal corporation, except at wholesale, 
for the purpose of shipment to places outside of such corporation and such two- 
mile limits. The power of the corporation to prohil)it or license sale of liqu<irs 
nut i)rohibited by law is extended over the two miles. 

No ale, wine, beer or other malt or vinous licpiors shall be sold on the day 
on which any election is held under the laws of this State, within two miles of 
the place where said election is held; except only that any person holding a 
j»ermit may sell upon the prescription of a practicing physician. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 303 



SUGGESTIONS TO THOSE PURCHASING BOOKS BY SUBSCRIP- 
TION. 

The business of publishing hooks by subscription, having so often been 
brought into disrepute by agents making representations and declarations not 
authorized by the publisher, in order to prevent that as much as possible, and 
that there may be more general knowledge of the relation such agents bear to 
their principal, and the law governing such cases, the following statement is 
made : 

A subscription is in the nature of a contract of mutual promises, by which 
the subscriber agrees to pay a certain sum for the work described ; the consid- 
eration is concurrent that the publisher shall publish the book named, and 
deliver the same, for which the subscriber is to pay the price named. The 
nature and character of the work is described by the prospectus and sample 
shoivn. These should be carefully examined before subscribing, as they are 
the basis and consideration of the promise to pay, and not the too often exag- 
gerated statements of the agent, who is merely employed to solicit subscriptions, 
for Avhich he is usually paid a co7nmission for each subscriber, and has no 
authority to change or alter the conditions upon which the subscriptions are 
authorized to be made by the publisher. Should the agent assume to agree to 
make the subscription conditional or modify or change the agreement of the 
publisher, as set out by the prospectus and sample, in order to bind the princi- 
pal, the subscriber should see that such condition or changes are stated over or 
in connection with his signature, so that the publisher may have notice of the 
same. 

All persons making contracts in reference to matters of this kind, or any 
other business, should remember that the law as writte?i is, that they can 7iot be 
altered, varied or rescinded verbally, but if done at all, must be done in writing. 
It is therefore important that all persons contemplating subscribing should 
distinctly understand that all talk before or after the suhscrijJtion is made, is not 
admissible as evidence, and is no part of the contract. 

Persons employed to solicit subscriptions are known to the trade as can- 
vassers. They are agents appointed to do a particular business in a prescribed 
mode, and liave no authority to do it any other way to the prejudice of their 
principal, nor can they bind their principal in any other matter. They can not 
collect money, or agree that payment may be made in anything else but money. 
They can not extend the time of payment beyond the time of delivery, nor bind 
their principal for the payment of expenses incurred in their business. 

It would save a great deal of trouble, and often serious loss, if persons, 
before signing their names to any subscription book, or any written instrument, 
would examine cafefully ivhat it is ; if they can not read themselves call on 
some one disinterested wdio can. 






^ ^ fOECE/lSED) 

MAR5HALLT0WN 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 

The history of a county is usually little more than a compilation of imperfect 
records, partial traditions and vague legends. Very few of the counties have 
preserved with proper care the archives of the earliest days of their existence. 
Society was crude and men were unsuited by experience to places of official 
responsibility. No one thought that the careless transcript of primary meetings 
would one day form the staple of history. The duty of scribe was irksome 
to the pioneers, when necessity compelled some written evidence of organizing 
transactions ; and brief indeed were the minutes of almost every public assembly. 

" Had we supposed we were living history," remarked a pioneer to the 
writer, " we should have taken greater pains to recoi'd the daily acts of our simple 
lives. We would do differently were we to live our lives over again." 

History is but a record of the present, when time has made it the past. Each 
act in one's life may be a topic of importance in the pages yet to be written. 
Nothing is too trivial or uninteresting in the routine affairs of those who min- 
gle with public men, to be unworthy of a place in the diary of the local recorder 
of events. Some minor matter may serve to corroborate and affirm the time 
and method of a far mightier occurrence. 

The History of Marshall County, however, differs from the general rule in 
this important particular. Instead of being dependent upon crippled records 
or unstable traditions, the story is composed of original statements, gathered 
expressly for this work from those principal participants in the thrilling scenes 
of the past who still live within the county, in the enjoyment of the blessings 
which accrue from lives of enterprising industry. 

Marshall County is yet in its infancy, so far as years are concerned ; but 
by its marvelous prosperity it holds a commanding place among the counties of 
the State. The brevity of its political life is not only favorable to the historian, 
affording him ample opportunities for communion with the original pioneers, 
but it is also significant in a material sense, inasmuch as it foreshadows a grander 
development of its inexhaustible resources within the lifetime of those who are 
now partaking of the fruits of their labors here. If less than a generation, es- 
timated by the popular standard, is required to redeem the wilderness from a 
primeval state, clothe the prairies with richest crops and dot them with modern 
dwelling houses, may we not reasonably anticipate a far more rapid advance- 
ment toward wealth during the quarter of a century yet to come? 

Those who entered upon the work of converting the wild lands into civilized 
abodes, began with no other assistance than strong hands and stout hearts. The 
patient ox, the sharp ax, the primitive hoe, the cradle and the scythe were man's 
only dependence. Mechanic art was then in its swaddling clothes. Cumber- 
some mechanism had been applied to the planting and harvesting of crops, but 



308 HISTORY OF .MARSHALL COUNTY. 

those who favored tlie innovation on time-honored customs were tabooed and 
looked upon with pitiful astonishment. 

But more than all else, the pioneers who made the first b(jld strokes for 
homes in the lovely land of Iowa were poor, almost without exception. Had 
there been unlimited numbers of improved appliances for agriculture at their 
very doors, they could not have availed themselves of the opportunities, from 
lack of means. And therein lies the pith and marrow of the credit due the 
noble vanguards of the West. From nothing but that which nature lavishly 
supplied, they builded strong and well. They labored with the energy of heroes, 
and deserve the reward of veterans. 

Marshall County differs again from many counties of the State, in respect 
to some of the incidents of its early settlement. The customary monotony of 
pioneer life, which consisted of making claims, taking possession of them, and 
quietly improving the lands, is widely deviated from. 

The reader is carried far back, to a period remote from that at which the 
first trapper wandered over the Indian hunting-grounds of the Iowa Valley, in 
searcii for the causes which led to the erection of the first habitation for white 
men on the fertile lands which were destined some day to become the County 
of Marshall. 

Before beginning the work of recording the coming of white men to this 
region, let us consider the material construction of the locality and the natural 
division of its acres into prairie and woodland, hillock and valley. 

In geographical position, Marshall County is one of the most fortunate of 
localities. Midway between the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, east and west, 
and divided into nearly equal parts by the forty-second parallel of latitude, 
which is practically a dividing line of the State also, the county may be termed 
the pivotal county, with its capital for the central city of Iowa, 

To add to this apparent centrality, two immense railroads traverse the county 
at right angles to each other in as near direct lines as it is possible to construct 
roadways, conveying to the mind of the observer who studies the map of Iowa 
the impression that Marshalltown is a kuh, and that a pressure upon one of the 
long levers extending therefrom, might easily turn the State to suit the occasion. 
Nature was lavish of her gifts upon this lovely section of Iowa. She be- 
stowed upon it fertility of soil, abundance and purity of water, inexhaustible 
quarries of valuable building stone, vast beds of clay for brick-making, ai-eas of 
timber that are })ractically beyond the requirements of man, and, above all else, 
a most salubrious climate, where the farmer, the tradesman and the capitalist 
can not only pursue his respective vocation, but can also do so with impunity, 
fearing neither epidemic, malarial fever nor tornado. 

Marshall County is divided into eighteen civil townships. An effort will 
soon be made to create another township, to be called Linn, of the territory now 
embraced in the civil Township of Marshall, leaving the municipal corporation 
of Marshalltown free from tlie township. At the })resent writing (September) 
the list of townships is as follows : 

Vienna, Liscomb, Bangor, Liberty, Minerva, Marietta, Iowa, Taylor, Mar- 
shall, Marion, Le Grand, Timber Creek, Washington, State Center, Eden, Lo- 
gan, Jefferson and Green Castle. 

The superficial area of the county is sixteen Congressional townships, or 
368,640 acres. 

The surface of the county is all that the farmer could desire. It is just 
sufficiently undulating to afford ample drainage, but is not hilly. In certain 
localities, near the larger streams, the elevations rise to altitudes which might 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 309 

be termed hilly by prairie farmers ; but those settlers who came from the East- 
ern States found the rolling lands of Central Iowa a desirable compromise be- 
tween the rocky peaks of Eastern New York, Pennsylvania and New England, 
and the monotonous stretches of the prairie regions. 

This is, of course, a prairie country ; but it is that most delightful of vari- 
eties which may be denominated diversified prairie. Along the streams there 
are bottom lands of considerable width and inexhaustible fertility ; but the ma- 
jor portion of the soil is high and well drained, from fifty to more than a hun- 
dred feet above the water level, waving backward from the river beds in a grand 
panorama of richly cultivated farms, interspersed with belts of native forest 
timber. 

The scenery from many an elevation throughout the county is worthy of 
the pencil of an artist. Could the peaceful pastoral scenes be transferred by 
skillful limner to canvas, and hung upon the walls of some metropolitan gal- 
lery, the critic and the connoisseur would pause with delight, to do honor to the 
vision. The grandeur of the mountain range which so enchanted Bierstadt. it 
is true, is not to be discovered in this State ; nor does the solemn stateliness of 
the forest, which Bryant loved so dearly, awe the observer with its sublimity. 
Nature seems to have wearied in her creation of the marvelous, and here rested 
her senses with a far more peaceful scene. The native groves allured the timid 
deer, nor offered them alarm by sudden change of view from pastoral to weird. 
The open lands, as though fresh from the hands of cultured floriculturist, 
bloomed forth perpetual flowers. 

It needed no vivid imagination on the part of those who saw this region at 
its earliest settlement to persuade them of their entrance upon an Eden. There 
was that atmosphere of semi-cultivation pervading all things which inspired one 
with a belief that this county was once the home of industrious peoples, who 
had, from some unknown cause, suddenly retired from the spot, leaving their 
richly-tilled farms to become half wild again from lack of attention. 

The pioneers were not poetic, as a general thing ; but there is scarcely one 
of them that does not speak to-day of the entrancing spectacle off"ered on their 
arrival here. It seemed to them that the bountiful hand of Nature had been 
opened with such prodigal generosity that no alternative was left them but to 
accept the invitation to remain and partake of the feast. 

The soil of the upland prairies is deep and rich, composed of a black, allu- 
vial loam, with a small admixture of sand, is free from gravel or surface stone, 
and is adapted, in every respect, to the growth of all cereals, vegetables and 
grasses peculiar or possible to be cultivated in this latitude. 

The fallacy that a perennial sod cannot be grown in this region has been 
fully exposed. The native grasses and the infinite varieties of the floral tribe 
become extinct, without cultivation, in the course of time ; but where a more 
speedy process of extermination is desired, the ordinary methods of cultivation 
will soon place a sod over the rich bottom lands or hillocks that will afford the 
amplest pasturage for flocks and herds. This subject will be more fully treated 
in another chapter. 

The county is one of the best watered sections of the State. The principal 
stream which flows through the county is the Iowa River, It crosses the north 
boundary a.bout a mile and a half from the center, east and west, on Section 2, 
Town 85 north. Range 19 west, in the civil township of Liscomb, and flows in 
an exceedingly irregular manner, but in a general southeasterly direction, 
finally crossing the east line of the county, on Section 1, Town 83 north. Range 
17 west, civil township of Le Grand. 



310 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

About one quarter of the county lies on the northeast side of Iowa River. 

The Iowa is a fine, rapid stream of pure water, which preserves its volume 
in all seasons of the year. The usual width at this point is about forty 
yards. 

The main tributaries of the Iowa are as follows : From the north and east 
side, Asher Creek, which rises at the north line of the county and discharges its 
• waters nearly opposite the city of Marshalltown, being about eleven miles in 
length ; Dean's Creek, which rises in Liscomb and Vienna Townships and flows 
southward, emptying north of the county seat; Nicholson's Creek, rjses in Ma- 
rion Township, and empties about four miles east of Marshalltown. 

The tributaries from the west and south are as follows : Honey Creek, ris- 
ing in Hardin County, and running southeasterly, empties into the Iowa in the 
southeastern corner of Bangor Township ; it is composed of two branches which 
unite about a mile from its mouth, the main stream being about ten miles in 
length : Minerva Creek, made up of a number of small streams rising in the 
extreme northwestern and western parts of the county, is a beautiful stream, en- 
tering the river in the southeastern corner of Marietta Township ; the Little 
Minerva enters it about one mile from its mouth ; the main stream is about ten 
miles in length ; Linn Creek, rising near the west part of the county, runs very 
nearly east its whole distance, and empties into the Iowa two miles east of Mar- 
shalltown ; it is twenty-six miles long, and the longest stream in the county ; Tim- 
ber Creek, waters more than any other stream in the county, is made up of a 
great number of branches which traverse the whole south part of the county, 
and which, when united, form the largest volume of water discharged by any of 
the Iowa's tributaries in this county ; it empties into the Iowa about two and a 
half miles fi'ora the eastern line of the county ; the main stream is about twen- 
ty-three miles long. 

The southeastern portion of the county is well-watered by the branches of 
the Skunk River, three or four of which rise in the county and flow south ; 
Clear Creek is the most important, and runs through the west part of Eden 
Township for about eight miles. 

Tlie census of 1875 shows that there were at that time 15,687 acres of native 
timber in the" county. To this must be added 5,526 acres of timber that has 
been planted since the region was settled, giving a total of 21,213 acres. This 
is exclusive of shade trees or orchards. The timber lands of Iowa are not so 
valuable as the original settlers anticipated they would become. In the days of 
first settlement, it was supposed that one-third of the farm must be woodlands, 
in order to provide against a dearth of fencing timber and fuel. This theory is 
completely exploded. Prairie lands are constantly increasing in price, while 
woodlands hold but an unsteady market value. Fuel is inexhaustible, and fences 
may be made on open lands much cheaper and more satisfactory from wire. 
This rule does not apply as markedly to Marshall as to some other counties ; 
but the market is so controlled by other fencing materials that only a local trade 
can be secured by owners of timber. In wood regions, the supply is greater 
than the demand, as the growth of wood is probably equal to the consumption. 
Thus it is seen that the fears of the timid are not to be realized, but that the 
open country is far more valuable than the heavily-timbered localities. Mar- 
shall County will never suffer from a scarcity of woods. 

This county is as well adapted to the growing of fruit as is any interior sec- 
tion. With proper care and cultivation, the apple, plum, cherry and grape 
may be successfully grown. The smaller fruits grow luxuriantly, as did the 
native fruits before man's advent on the scene. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 311 

The agricultural statistics show Marshall to be one of the foremost counties 
in fertility. 

The county is rich in building stone, the quarrying of which forms a valu- 
able industry. 

The topics of material development and business progress are treated in 
special chapters, in an appropriate manner. 



GEOLOGY. 

The history of Marshall County would be incomplete without a sketch of 
of its geology. The geological formation of the county involves a knowledge 
of many of the contiguous counties, and to some considerable extent, of the 
whole North iVmerican continent. Geology is a history of the formation of the 
earth and its changes, and, like all very ancient histories, its pages are often- 
times only fragmentary ; some of them lost and gone forever, while even whole 
chapters have totally disappeared. The early history of all nations is mythical and 
fabulous, and, to a great degree, unworthy of confidence ; but geological knowl- 
edge has been obtained by practical observations and the severest inductive 
reasoning, and should command our warmest admiration. 

It is not intended to give a scientific and professional article on the geology 
of Marshall County, but only a short popular treatise, so as to interest every 
man and woman of good observation who shall peruse it, and to call their atten- 
tion, at least, to the superficial formation of the earth, so that in a few years 
there may be hundreds of observers of interesting geological facts where 
there is but one at the present time. 

That geology commends itself to us as a truthful science, will be very readily 
elucidated by a very simple statement of a fact within the comprehension of all. 

To illustrate : A certain kind of rocks are called Archaean or Laurentian. 
These are the most ancient rocks known to geologists ; at one time they were 
supposed to be destitute of fossils. In all the systems of rocks they occupy 
the lowest, and consequently the oldest, position ; but in whatever part of the 
earth found, they are always recognizable by the geologist. So the Devonian 
rocks are distinguished by certain fossil fishes that are found in them, and in 
them alone. The Carboniferous rocks are known by certain fossil mollusks ; 
the Cretaceous, by certain reptiles that occur in no other formation ; and 
so every geological period has its characteristic fossils, by means of which 
the formation and its comparative age may always be accurately determ- 
ined. 

The geologist will always know the coal -bearing rocks from any other class ; 
and this knowledge ought to be possessed by every one interested in e:j^lora- 
tions for coal. Le Conte says : " It has been estimated that the money, time 
and energy uselessly expended in the State of New York in exploration for coal, 
when any geologis.t might be sure there was no coal, would suffice to make a 
a complete geological survey of the State several times over." Is the same not 
true of Iowa and of Marshall County ? 

In sketching the geology of this county one is reminded of the supercilious 
old Fadladeen when criticising Feramorz's poetry. "In order," said he, im 
portantly swinging about his chaplet of pearls, "to convey with clearness my 
opinion of the story this young man has related, it is necessary to take a review 
of all the stories that have ever — " "My good Fadladeen!" exclaimed the 
Princess, interrupting him, etc. 



.^1-2 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

Even with the gentle admonition of the beautiful Princess, it must be said 
the geology of Marshall County is a small section of the geology of North 
America, and North America is the oldest continent of the earth, in spite of the 
misnomer, "New World." It is new only in civilization. Still, we are able to 
refer to the primary theories of geology only in the briefest manner. The oldest 
rocks, the Archaean, are not found in Iowa ; but the two next oldest groups, 
the Silurian and Devonian, crop out in the northeastern part of th<^ State, and 
dip back west and southwest. Next come the Subcarboniferous formations, or 
those underlying the coal formations. In this group are comprised the Marshall 
County beds of limestone, called by Prof. White the Kinderhook beds, which 
are said by him to extend from Burlington north to Pocahontas County, a 
distance of more than two hundred miles. They crop out in Des Moines, 
Washington, Tama, Marshall, Hardin and Franklin Counties, and along the 
Des Moines River, in Humboldt County. 

Next come, lapping on to the limestone beds of Marshall County in the 
south and west, thin beds of sandstone, of the Carboniferous age, upon which 
should have been, or some time nia^ have been, formed beds of coal. Above 
the limestone, comes the bowlder or unassorted blue clay, the product of glacia- 
tion. hereafter to be described. Above the bowlder clay, the drift deposit of 
the Champlain period. The oldest formations of the Silurian and Devonian 
ages, which should occupy the lowest position, do actually come to the surface 
in the higher- parts of the State, viz. : in the northeast ; but their dip being 
south and southwest, they pass so deep under Marshall County as to entirely 
escape observation. It then remains for us to speak only of the limestone, 
the carboniferous formations, and the glacial and ChamplViin deposits. If 
the Cretaceous period made any formations here, they were all glaciated 
away. 

FORMATION OF LIME BEDS. 

Limestones have mainly been formed in the bottom of the ocean ; the older 
and purer kinds in the deep, still sea ; the more recent and less pure in a shal- 
low and disturbed sea. When the great limestone deposits were made in the 
Mississippi Valley, a deep salt ocean extended from the Alleghany to the 
Rocky Mountains, from the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean. This was 
the age of mollusks (shell fish), and the sea bottom swarmed with them. Many 
of the rocks seem to have been wholly made up of comglomerate shells. In 
this age of the world, there was no creature living with a spinal column or a 
brain ; but corals, a low order of radiates, as crinoidea, several varieties of 
mollusks, crustaceans, called trilobites (somewhat corresponding to the 
river crawfish), and some lowly loorms ! These were the highest develop- 
ment of animal life when the earlier limestone rocks were being slowly 
formed. 

This Silurian age was succeeded by the Devonian, characterized as the age 
of fishes, during which were deposited the Hamilton and Carboniferous lime- 
stones. Then came the Subcarboniferous period, during which were. deposited 
the limestone beds of Marshall County. These were formed in a comparatively 
shallow sea, a fact proven by numerous ripple marks in the rocks, also by 
their sandy composition in some layers, and farther, by an occasional thin layer 
of clay intervening between the strata of rocks. These were uneasy times on 
the earth's crust, when it was given to upheavings and down-sinkings over 
large areas. Then it was that the whole northeastern and eastern part of the 
State was upraised. All of Marshall County, but- the southwestern part, par- 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 313 

ticipated in the elevation. The State was a "down grade" all the way from 
Allamakee County to the southwest quarter of Marshall County. 

THE GREAT COAL BASIN 

was formed west and south throughout Iowa, reaching into Missouri and Kan- 
sas, and perhaps into the Indian Territory and Texas. Over this vast area 
tliere stretched a vast, dismal swamp. 

On this great marshy plain grew the rank vegetation that was in the future 
to be {)ressed into coal. It was a wilderness of moss and ferns and reeds, such 
as can be found nowhere on earth at the present time. Prof. Gunning, in 
speaking of it, says : " To the land forest of coniferas and cycads, and the 
marsh forest of scale trees and seal trees and reed trees and fern trees, add an 
undergrowth of low herbaceous ferns, and you have the picture of a primeval 
landscape. Blot from the face of nature every flowering weed and flowering 
tree, every grass, every fruit, every growth useful to man or beast ; go, then, to 
the Sunda Islands for the largest club moss, to the East Indies for the largest 
tree fern, to the damp glades of Caracas for the tallest reeds, to the Moluccas 
for their cycad and to Australia for its pine, to the ponds and sluggish streams 
of America for their quillwort, and place them all side by side over a vast 
marsh and its sandy borders, and you will faintly realize your picture of a prim- 
eval landscape. Dwarf the cycad andthe pine, lift still higher the tapering 
column of the tree fern, multiply by two the bulk of the reed and by three the 
club moss, lift the quillwort from the water, and to its long, linear leaves add a 
fluted stem eighty feet high, and you would fully realize a Carboniferous land- 
scape — realize it in all but its vast solitudes. Not a bird ever perched on spiky 
leaf or spreading fern of a coal forest. No flower had opened yet to spread 
fragrance on the air, and no throat had warbled a note of music. Such poor 
animal life as the carboniferous world then possessed left its imprint on wave- 
washed shore and in the hollow stems of fallen trees." 

This was the beginning of the age of amphibians. Then lived the progeni- 
tors of the loathsome alligator and lizard. La Conte says : " The climate of 
the cool period was characterized by greater warmth, humidity/, uniformity 
and a more highly carbonated condition of the atmosphere than now ob- 
tained." We may, therefore, picture to ourselves the climate of this period 
as warm, moist, uniform, stagnant and stijiing from the abundance of carbonic 
acid. 

Such conditions were extremely favorable to vegetable life, but not to the 
higher forms of animal life. Neither man nor monkey nor milk-giving animal 
of any kind lived for many cycles of time after the Subcarboniferous period ; 
but that vegetation grew rank, scientific facts corroborate ; thus, Prof. Gunning 
says : '"It takes between five and eight feet of vegetable debris to form one 
foot of coal. A Pittsburgh seam is ten feet thick, while one in Nova Scotia is 
thirty -five feet in depth. The Pittsburgh seam represents a vegetable deposit of 
from fifty to a hundred feet in depth, and the one in Nova Scotia between a 
hundred and seventy-five and three hundred and fifty feet in thickness. A four- 
foot seam in Jasper County would represent from twenty to forty feet of vege- 
table debris. 

During the growth and decay of this vegetable matter, the surface of the 
earth did not sink ; but this quiescent period yfa.s followed by one of submergence. 
" The surface, loaded with the growth of quiet centuries, was carried down 
beneath the sea, where it was swept by waves and overspread by sands and 
mud." It was in nature's great hydraulic press, where it remained until 



314 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

another upheaval again threw it to the surface, and another long era of verdure 
succeeded the one of submergence. 

Thus, emergence and submergence succeeded each other as many times as 
the coal seams and the shale, slate or sandstone alternate — in some parts of 
Iowa three times, in Nova Scotia, about forty times I Who can compute the 
centuries here recorded ? 

Marshall County was only on a shallow margin of the great coal basin, con- 
sequently, no coal was manufactured within her borders, or so little as to be 
unworthy of notice. Let him that would prospect for coal in Marshall County 
be sure he does not bore into Kinderhook limestone or subcarboniferous shale, 
as the coal deposits must be found above and not below such formations. 

The next higher formation above the coal-bearing strata is the cretaceous, 
or chalk. If there was ever a deposit of it in Marshall County, it was swept 
awav by the Glacial or Champlain period. So we pass by this " missing link " 
and come to the consideration of the 

DRIFT PERIOD. 

That the surface of Marshall County, and of Iowa, and, in fact, the whole 
of North America north of the thirty-eighth parallel, is covered by a material 
known as drift has become a popular opinion. Strewn all over the country, on 
the hills and in the valleys and on the level prairies, covering up the native 
rocks to a depth of from twenty to three hundred feet, is found this peculiar 
deposit. The well-diggers and the colliers, in their excavations, encounter it, 
and the quarryman has to strip it from the surface of his rock bed. It is not all 
alike ; first there are a few feet of surface soil, created by recent vegetable depos- 
its ; then a variable depth of clay, or clay and sand intimately blended ; then 
water-worn gravel and sand, and then blue clay^ resting upon the country rock. 

Scattered over the continent are frequently seen " lost rocks," or bowlders, 
of various sizes and of difi'erent varieties, some of granite, others of gneiss or 
trap, and occasionally some of limestone. These bowlders are also frequently 
found in excavating the earth. 

The blue clay which lies upon the country rocks, or the original formation, 
is tiie oldest of the drift deposits. It consists of a heterogeneous mixture of 
dark blue clay, sand, gravel, pebbles and irregular-shaped stones and bowlders, 
of various kinds and sizes, unassorted and unstratified, and therefore could not 
have been deposited in water. Sometimes, an occasional piece of stone-coal 
and fragments of wood are found in it. This blue clay is bowlder or glacier clay. 
From whence it came and how formed is one of the most interesting subjects 
that scientific minds have investigated. The history of glacial phenomena is 
the history of the deposition of the blue clay formation. 

Too much credit cannot be given to the late lamented Prof. Agassiz and 
Principal Forbes for their discovery of the laws regulating glacial action. These 
eminent savants built a hut on a living glacier, in Switzerland, and studied it in 
all its relatiims to the past history of the globe. 

Prof Gunning says : " The area of Greeidand is nearly eight hundred 
thousand S(juare miles ; and all this, save the narrow strip Avhich faces an ice- 
choked sea, on the west, is a lifeless solitude of snow and ice. The snow over- 
tops the hills and levels up all the valleys, so that, as far as the eye can reach, 
there is nothing but one vast, dreary, level expanse of white. Over all broods 
the silence of death. Life, there is none. Motion, there seems to be none — 
none save of the wind, which sweeps now and then, in the wrath of a polar 
storm, from the sea over the " ice-sea," and rolls its cap of snow into great bil- 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 315 

lows, and dashes it up into clouds of spray. But motion there is ; activities we 
shall see there are, on a scale of grandeur commensurate with the vast desola- 
tion itself." 

Let the mind go back, in the history ol our earth, one hundred thousand 
years, when Prof. Croll, from mathematical deductions, inferred the existence 
of a snow-cap, covering the whole of North America and Europe, from the 
thirty-eighth parallel to the north pole ; then, in imagination, see the larger 
portion of North America, as you see Greenland now, covered with an " ice- 
mantle" 8,000 to 6,000 feet thick. 

Le Conte says : " This ice sheet moved, with slow, glacier motion, south- 
eastward, southward and southwestward, over New England, New York, Ohio, 
Illinois, Iowa, etc., regardless of smaller valleys, glaciating the whole surface, 
and gouging out lakes in its course. Northward, the ice-sheet probably ex- 
tended to the pole; it was an extension of the polar ice-cap.'" 

The dynamic power of such a continental mass of ice is inconceivable. It 
is fit to be called one of the giant mills of the gods, which are represented " to 
grind slow, but exceeding fine." It was a monstrous ice-plain, shaving ofi" the 
rugged crags of mountains, leveling up valleys and filling up ancient river 
beds. Its under surface was thickly set with rock-bowlders, which, with its 
ponderous weight, ground the underlying rocks to powder. This pulverized 
rock was washed from beneath the glacier by the outflowing waters which con- 
stantly gushed forth, and settled on far-off plains as alluvial sand and clay. 
The motion of the glacier was slow, perhaps six inches in twenty-four hours. 
This was the giant mill that ground out the blue clay — the glacier clay — that 
overlies the native formations of the entire countiy. It doubtless owes its dark 
blue color to the Laurentian and trap rocks of Canada. Well-diggers are 
familiar with it, and it is nearly always the same in color and composition. 
Geologists are now unanimous in the opinion that during the glacial epoch the 
whole northern portion of the continent was elevated one thousand to two 
thousand feet above the present level. Le Conte says : " The polar ice-cap 
had advanced southward to 40° latitude, with still farther southward projections, 
favored by local conditions, and an Arctic rigor of climate prevailed over the 
United States, even to the shores of the Gulf. At the end of this epoch an op- 
posite or downward movement of land surface over the same region commenced 
and continued until a depression of five hundred or one thousand feet below 
the present level was attained." * 

It is not within the province of this sketch to go into details and give the 
problematic causes of this glacier period. The causes were mainly astronomical. 
Mr. Croll has calculated the form of the earth's orbit a million years back and 
a million years forward. The probable time of the last glacial period was 
100,000 years back ; then the eccentricity of the earth's orbit was very great, 
and the earth in aphelion (or when most distant from the sun, being about thir- 
teen millions of miles further than in summer) in midwinter ; then the Winters 
were about thirty days longer than now. In Summer, the earth would be cor- 
respondingly nearer the sun, and would receive an excess of heat, thus giving the 
earth in the northern hemisphere short, hot Suynmers, and long, cold Winters. 

The subsidence referred to above forms the beginning of 

THE CHAMPLAIN EPOCH. 

Now let us see how the drift was deposited on the bowlder clay. When the con- 
tinental depression took place, a large portion of the Mississippi Valley was 
submerged. Le Conte says : "It was a time of inland seas. * * * * 



316 HTSTOR\ OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

Another result, or at least a concomitant, was a moderation of the climate, a 
raeltinc of the glaciers, and a retreat of the margin of the ice-cap northward. 
It was, therefore, a time of Hooded lakes and rivers. Lastly, over these inland 
seas and great lakes, loosened masses of ice floated in the form of icebergs. It 
was, therefore, a time of iceberg action." 

The opinion prevails among geologists that the glacier motion was from the 
east of north, but that the Champlain flow was from the northwest. Corrobo- 
i-atin^ this hypothesis, is the marked diff'erence in color of the bowlder clay and 
the Upper Drift deposit. If the glacier motion was from the north, or east of 
north, it did not produce the beds of our present rivers. Glaciation only wore 
off and smoothed down the surface of the country, leaving it a vast, undulating 
plain of dark blue mud, a heterogeneous mass of clay, sand, gravel and bowlders. 
The old river courses and valleys were completely obliterated. That the great 
beds of alluvium which cover up the blue clay were deposited in water, is clearly 
proven by its stratification, which can be observed in almost any excavation 
where a hill or bluff" has been cut through in constructing railroads or mills, or 
where brick clay has been procured. 

But let us see how the Champlain period was produced. 

A continental subsidence came on, and large inland lakes were formed. The 
climate became modified ; the glaciers melted more rapidly ; vast icebergs broke 
loose from the mountain-like glaciers, and floated over the land, carrying rocks 
and clay and debris with them, and as they melted strewed them over the sur- 
face ; sometimes grounding and excavating basins for future lakes and ponds. 
Thus year after year and age after age did the muddy waters and freighted ice- 
bergs flow over the country, the former depositing our present alluvial drift, the 
latter dropping here and there the bowlders and debris that we now find scat- 
tered over the country. No erosion, save from a stranded iceberg, occurred at 
that time, but it was a period of filling in, a period of distribution over the sub- 
merged land, of powdered rocks, sand and clay, and an occasional bowlder. 
But when the continent emerged from the abyss, and the waters flowed oft", and 
the higher undulations of the land appeared, then the erosive action of winds 
and waves and storms and currents took place. The waters, as they flowed 
toward the sea and Gulf, produced their inevitable channels. There was much 
of the drift carried into the streams and borne away in the floods to the sea. 
Then was the stranded bowlder, by wind and wave stripped of its soft alluvial 
bed, left high and dry on the surface of the hereafter prairie. Then were the 
gravelly knolls that are found in some parts of the State robbed of every fine 
sediment, and the gravel and stones left to tell the story of the floods. Then 
were the great valleys washed out ; then did the annual wash-outs all along the 
water courses — rapidly at first, but more slowly in after ages — eat away the drift 
accumulations and form the hills. The hilly districts generally lie contiguous 
to the streams. Back from these water courses, the land is usually undulating 
prairie, showing but little erosion. 

The country contiguous to the Iowa River and its tributaries, bears in many 
localities unmistakable evidences of the action of tlie retiring waters of the 
Champlain period. As geology has written its history in the rocks, so the latest 
action of the waters has left its legible records in the drifts — it made tracks, and 
by its tracks we can see where it was and what it did. 

When two currents of water flow together, charged with sediment, where 
the currents meet there will occur an eddy, the eddy-water will throw down its 
load of floating mud and build up a bar. In the valley of the Iowa River may 
be found many of those silted-up banks and promontories, the deposits of the 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 317 

waters during the latter Champlain period. A good example of it may be seen 
in the long promontory that extends from near Albion and terminates near 
where the valley of Asher Creek and the river valley intersect. During the 
Champlain period, when Iowa River Valley and Asher Creek Valley were 
filled with water from bluff to bluff, then the eddy produced from the meeting 
of the two great streams silted up those extensive sand and clay hills. That it 
occurred when the valleys were filled from bluff to bluff is proven by the fact 
that the silted-up district is as elevated as the bluffs. The farms of Messrs. 
Chapin. Hamble and Oaks, situated at the north end of the levee, were like- 
wise produced by the down-throw when the comparatively still waters of the 
river and Asher Creek mingled. Another very striking example of this 
formation is Mormon Ridge, a remarkably long, elevated, but narrow spit of 
land projecting far into the river valley, thrown up during the ancient high 
floods, where the waters of the Iowa River and the Minerva met. Another 
handsome formation of this kind is near the mouth of Timber Creek, although 
quite a portion of it has been eroded away by the creek in recent times. These 
are some of the old tracks made by the Iowa River and its tributaries in their 
youthful and gushing days. 

The site of Marshalltown is a plateau thrown up from the raging waters of 
the river and Linn Creek, deeply eroded in places by the retiring water ; silted 
up on the north and east, almost entirely of sand. The Westlake farm and 
the Utz place were deposited more recently from the eddy-waters of the river 
and Linn Creek. Mr. Westlake, near his residence, excavated a well forty-four 
feet deep, through sandy clay, and found abundance of water in the old river bed 
gravel. In the gravel, he found a huge granite bowlder, which was elevated 
with great difficulty, as it was estimated to weigh five or six hundred pounds. 

The recent excavations for the engine building of the Water Works exposed 
the subcarboniferous formation of shale, upon which the building stands. Over- 
laying the shale, is the blue glacial clay ; over this, the ancient river bed, con- 
sisting of water-worn pebbles about four feet thick ; and above this, the shore de- 
posit of sand and alluvium, thrown out over the beach by the returning waters. 
What used to be known as the ''Big iSlough," northeast of Baptist Hill, is a 
relic of the Champlain period — a ravine washed out from the overflow of the 
river during some of its floods. Another one is between the steam mill and 
First Ward School House ; and the remains of still another one may be seen 
north of Dr. Harris' residence, in the cemetery grounds. These and others 
that may be seen around the city were measurably filled up and eftaced by silt- 
ing up from the retiring waters. 

BOWLDERS 

are frequently found scattered over the surface of the country, and very com- 
monly in ravines or sloughs, because, when denudation was taking place by 
the agency of the subsiding waters, they invariably moved down hill when the 
eartli was washed from under them. This readily accounts for their being 
usually found in I'avines. 

A very large granite bowlder is found three or four miles north of Marshall- 
town, on the Brown farm. It is eighteen or twenty feet in diameter either 
way, and if three-fourths of it is under ground it is twelve or fourteen feet 
thick. It is presumable that the usual calculation in reference to a one-fourth 
exposure is correct. According to a rough estimate, this stone would weigh 
over one hundred tons — a mere feather-weight for a large iceberg to carry ' 
Other parts of the State have very many more bowlders than Marshalltown has. 



318 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

fi'om which we would infer that fewer icebergs drifted over this county, or that 
they came from glaciers that did not find ready facilities for loading with bowlders. 

INDIAN MOUNDS 

have nowhere been found within the county. Why they are not here, when so nu- 
merous in other parts of the State, is a question to be discussed by archaeologists. 

THE CHARACTER OF THE SURFACE SOIL 

of Marshall County is, in every essential, chemically suited to the growth of 
crops for a long period of time. It is "rich" and "deep," and is all that 
practical farmers can desire. 

THE ADVENT OF WHITE MEN. 

The accident of circumstance determines the nature of history. To the 
Christian and Atheist alike the truthfulness of this statement appears in full 
force. Causes may be susceptible of discussion, and difference of opinion may 
be entertained as to the ordering of events ; but when occurrence reaches the 
realm of fact, speculation ceases and reality alone exists. 

That which one terms the "accident " of life, oftentimes forms a curious 
and highly interesting topic for study. Had it not been for some exceedingly 
trivial event, which, from its insignificance was unheeded or unknown at the 
moment of its occurrence, the thread of history would frequently be changed, 
and the fabric of mans or nations' life be marred or beautified according as the 
germ there sown was evil or good. 

In the grand economy of the Omnipotent there is no such element as acci- 
dent. The creative intelligence comprehends the be-all and the end-all of the 
universe ; but finite mind fails in its grasp of knowledge and sees only those 
events which transpire within the radius of its limited vision. The inevitable 
sequence of natural causes, when those causes are obscured by time or distanct^, 
become accidents in man's conception of eventuality. 

The historian who uncovers the pages of the past discerns the workings of 
extraneous influences upon the records of Marshall County. The original entry 
of white men within the limits of the territory now embraced in this prosper- 
ous region, so far excels the ordinary methods of settlement as to form a highly 
dramatic chapter with which to preface this work. 

A deluded people, fleeing from the wratli of man, halted for a brief period 
beneath the shelter of the groves, but found nature no more merciful or tender 
in its dealings with them than were their fellow-creatures. They escaped the 
sword to encounter death in a more horrid form. Starvation, gaunt and inex- 
orable, stalked after them through the primeval solitudes, and laid its specter 
iiand upon them jis they shivered before the icy blasts of Winter. 

THE MORMONS. 

It is necessary, in order to preserve a full record of the brief sojourn of the 
Hrst white settlement in the county, to digress from the actual history of Mar- 
shall for a time, and relate the story of tlie inception of Mormonism, its rise to 
power in the East, its overthrow in Illinois, and the causes which led to the 
exodus of the believers in the faith from that State to the far-off unexplored 
region of Salt Lake. 

In the narrative here given will be found the origin of the "accident" 
which united indissolubly the name but not the principle of Mormonism with 



HISTOm' OF MARSHALL COUNTY. ' 319 

the early history of Marshall County. Let us first consider who the Mormons 
were and what were the causes which necessitated the relinquishment of wealth 
and political power by them, and the seeking of a home far beyond the reach 
of the strong arm of the law-. 

The peculiar tenets of a sect like the Mormons are not the product of 
sudden inspiration, but are developed by degrees from some centralizing thought, 
and in their growth often so change in character the whole structure as to leave 
it at the last with really as little likeness to the original as the butterfly bears 
to the grub. For example, Mormonism's most distinctive feature to-day. polyg- 
amy, is something that was not only denied by its first followers, but was 
bitterly denounced by them in their Book of Mormon as sinful. In many ways, 
as first originated, the Mormon system was crude and indefinite, its founders 
even seeming to have little idea how vast was the field they had entered upon 
for selfish ambitions. It was one of those projects whose success, in the eyes 
of the ignorant and credulous, seems to justify its claimed origin. 

In briefly reviewing the history of this peculiar people, we have taken such 
facts as are necessary from Appleton's Cyclopedia and various other sources. 
Joseph Smith, the founder of Mormonism, and its chief prophet, sprang from 
an obscure family in Sharon, Windsor County, Yt., and was born Dec. 23, 
1805. When he was 10 years old, the family moved to Palmyra, N. Y., 
where they bore the reputation of being a visionary set, even intemperate 
and immoral, Joseph being the black sheep of the flock. He manifested 
the traits which afterward distinguished him very early in life, for at 15 
years of age he began to see visions, and claimed to have been informed 
from supernatural sources that he was destined to perform a great work. 
He was shiftless and worthless in all practical matters, and gave up his time 
to digging in the earth for hidden treasures, and like occupations, and to 
playing the part of seer. In that way his education was wholly neglected. 
His deficiencies in this respect his disciples freely admit ; and later in his 
career, when it became necessary for him as a leader to make speeches and deliver 
proclamations, he was obliged to depend upon others for their preparation. 

In 1823, when he was 18 years old, he announced that an angel had 
appeared to him three times in the night, who revealed to him that there were 
buried in a certain hill in Ontario County, N. Y., some marvelous gold plates 
upon which was written, in a language no longer understood upon earth, a his- 
tory of the first inhabitants of America, and of how God dealt with them. 
Furthermore, it was revealed to him that with these hieroglyphic plates, set in 
bows like spectacles, were two transparent stones, through which only could 
these records be read. He secured the plates and the stones, and then, lest 
profane eyes should see the sacred revelations, he hung a curtain across the 
corner of his room, and with the magic lenses to his eyes read the " Book of 
Mormon," or the "Golden Bible," as he called it, his friend Oliver Cowdery 
transcribing as he read. This book w^as printed in 1830. Three men, Oliver 
Cowdery, David Whitmer and Martin Harris, called b}'^ the Mormons, " the 
tliree witnesses," appended to it this statement: ''We declare, with the words 
of soberness, that an angel of God came down from heaven, and brought and 
laid before our eyes that we beheld and saw the plates and the engravings 
thereon." However, years afterward, when the "three witnesses" had 
quarreled with Smith, and had withdrawn from allegiance to his faith, they con- 
fessed that this was perjured testimony. To sustain this confession there are 
others who declare that at this time Smith himself admitted that it was all a 
hoax, but that he intended to carry out the fun. 



320 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

The Golden Bible is made up of sixteen different books, which are assumed 
to be written at various times by various prophets. It is a medley of the his- 
torical and legendary, written in antique style, and interpersed with frequent 
passages from the common English translation of the Bible. This latter ad- 
mixture being by far the best part of the work, is the most frequently quoted 
by believers in defense of their faith. 

To offset the assumption of the mysterious production of the Mormon Bible, 
there are fiicts which fully establish its real author to be Solomon Spalding, a 
somewhat eccentric man, and a graduate of Dartmouth College. He was very 
poor, and had a strong predilection for literary pursuits ; but his productions 
were so worthless that he could never find a publisher, and his only public was 
the few friends who were forced to listen to his reading of his own works. 

Spalding was born in Connecticut, but during the years 1810, '11 and '12, 
he lived in Conneaut, Ohio, where, true to his instinct for composition, he wrote 
a romance, to prove that the American Indians were descendants of the lost 
tribes of Israel. To this romance he gave the name of "Manuscript Found," 
and his intention was to make it appear that it had been discovered in a cave in 
Ohio. He put it into the hands of a printer in Pittsburgh, with whom Sidney 
Higdon. later a prominent disciple, was associated. It seems, however, that 
tlie W(»rk was not issued, for some reason unknown, but the manuscript was 
returned to Mr. Spalding, who died shortly afterward. 

When Smith published the "Book of Mormon," as a translation from 
the golden plates, Mrs. Spalding at once recognized it as her husband's 
work. She could only understand its being in Eigdon's possession un the sup- 
position that he had purloined it from the Pittsburgh office. She protested 
against its being put to such sacrilegious uses, and said: " The air of antiquity 
thrown about the composition doubtless suggested the idea of converting it to 
jfurposes of delusion. Thus, a historical romance, with a few pious expressions 
and extracts from the sacred Scriptures, has been construed into a new Bible, 
and palmed off upon a company of poor, deluded fanatics as divine." 

When Rigdon secured this manuscript, it was evidently with a view to mak- 
ing capital out of it, for he shortly afterward started out as a preacher. He 
advrjcated some peculiar doctrines, some of which afterward became a part of the 
Mormon religion. 

He became associated with Smith in 1829, and it is supposed that it was 
through his agency, and to carry out Smith's assertion of the plates of gold, 
that he placed the manuscript in Smith's hands. At all events, there is abun- 
dant testimony to prove that Spalding's romance and the Book of Mormon are 
identical in the main. 

At the outset, neither Smith nor Rigdon had any very definite ideas of 
their own doctrines ; but subsequent opportunities developed'form and purpose 
out of the chaos. 

There was a strong leaning in both to Millenarianism — a subject much 
under discussion at that period — and they preached that America was to be the 
final home of the saints at the closely approaching millennium, and that some- 
where in the interior of the continent was to be the New Jerusalem. 

They drew about them a small following, and a church was first regularly 
organized at Manchester, N. Y., April 6, 1830. This consisted chiefiy of 
Smith's family and associates, and some who had previously followed Rigdon's 
preaching. This they called the Church of the Latter-Day Saints. 

A year later. Smith, who seems to have been of a restless, aggressive nature, 
guided, as he professed, by celestial visions, led his band of believers to Kirt- 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 321 

land, Ohio, which was to be the new Zion. Here converts were drawn to them 
in such numbers that it was not long before they felt the need of greater scope, 
and it was decided again to change their locality. 

Smith and Rigdon were sent out to reconnoiter for a suitable place, and 
they finally fixed upon Independence, Jackson County, Mo., where, after choos- 
ing and dedicating a site for a temple to be erected in the future by the saints, 
they returned to Kirtland. They had yet far too little money with which to 
carry out their plans, and they proposed to spend five years in making it, 
before launching out in their project. They, therefore, established a mill, a 
store and a bank, which was without a charter, and of which Smith was Presi- 
dent and Rigdon, Cashier. It was not long before the country was flooded 
with notes of a doubtful character, and that, with some other business transac- 
tions of a dubious nature, so incensed the people that on the night of March 
22, 1832, the two prophets were dragged unceremoniously from their beds and 
tarred and feathered. 

However, this stigma upon their fame was easily removed, as Smith had 
another vision, in which the angels declared their sins, as well as the transgres- 
sions of another prominent leader, Frederick G. Williams, forgiven ; and these 
latter two were anointed as equals to Smith, and the three were jointly made 
Presidents over the Church. This was styled the First Presidency. 

It was at this period of the history of the Saints that Brigham Young 
became connected with them ; and, almost from the first, his shrewdness of 
character and his leading business qualities made him a man of rule. He was 
soon ordained an Elder, and at the end of three years, when the quorum of the 
Twelve Apostles was instituted, he was made one of them, and Avas sent out 
with the rest to preach. He was, at this time, 34 years old, and proved very 
successful in drawing converts into the fold. 

Meantime, a large and costly temple had been in the process of construction 
at Kirtland, which was dedicated in 1836, and, a year later, Orson Hyde and 
Heber C. Kimball, who had been a Mormon member for five years, were sent 
out to England as missionaries. 

From the time of this initiatory missionary work, the Mormon policy has 
been to evangelize, and their ranks have been largely recruited from the work- 
ing classes of Great Britain — chiefly Wales — as well as, in some degree, from 
Norway, SAveden, Germany and Switzerland. Later, an "emigration fund," 
was established, and a thoroughly systematized plan of importing foreign con- 
verts was, and is still, successfully carried out. 

In 1838, the Kirtland Bank failed, and Smith & Rigdon, already under a 
ban, fled in the night to escape the resentments of the people, and took refuge 
in far west Missouri, their creditors giving hot chase. 

In this State, large numbers of Mormons had collected from various quarters, 
but, as a people, were in constant conflict Avith their neighbors, by whom they 
were charged Avith every kind of violation of law, plundering, incendiarism, and 
even with secret assassinations. They had been driven from place to place by out- 
raged bands of residents, and even in this last refuge. Far West, they were at 
continual war Avith the Missourians, and at last fell to quarreling with each other. 

Some of the leaders forsook Smith, and accused him of grave crimes. In 
October, 1838, Thomas B. March, President of the Taa^cIvc Apostles, and Orson 
Hyde, another of the Twelve, made the following affidavit before a Justice of 
the Peace, in Ray County, Missouri : 

" The plan of said Smith, the Prophet, is to take this State ; and he pro- 
fesses to his people to intend taking the United States, and, ultimately, the 



322 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

whole world. This is the belief of the Church. The Prophet inculcates the 
notion : and it is believed by ever}' true Mormon, that Smith's prophecies are 
superior to the law of tiie land. We have heard the Prophet say that he would 
yet tread down his enemies and walk over their dead bodies ; that, if he was 
not let alone, he would be a second Mahomet to this generation, and that he 
would make it one gore of blood from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific 
Ocean." 

This menacing spirit aroused a great excitement against the Mormons, and 
the conflict soon assumed the grave proportions of a civil war. The Mormons 
fortified their towns, the militia of the State was called out, and Smith and 
Rigdon were arrested, charged with treason, murder and felony. As the troops 
were greatly in excess of the Mormons, the latter were forced to yield, and 
promised to leave the country. Several thousand of them crossed the Missis- 
sippi into Illinois, where Smith followed them, having broken out of prison to 
do so. An extract from the Message of the Governor of Missouri at this time 
will explain the character of the occurrences that resulted in the expulsion of 
the Mormons from that State : 

•• These people had violated the laws of the land by open and avowed resist- 
ance to them ; they had undertaken, without the aid of the civil authority, to 
redress their real or fancied grievances ; they had instituted among themselves 
a government of their own, independent of and in opposition to the govern- 
ment of this State ; they had, at an inclement season of the year, driven the 
inhabitants of an entire county from their homes, ravaged their crops and 
destroyed their dwellings. Under these circumstances, it became the imperious 
<luty of the Executive to interpose and exercise the power with which he was 
invested to protect the lives and property of our citizens, to restore order and 
tranquillity to the country and maintain the supremacy of the laws." 

The Mormons met with cordial treatment from the people of Commerce, Car- 
thage County, 111., where they had taken refuge. This pleasant change in their 
neighborly affairs caused Smith to have another vision, in which, as a people, 
they were directed to establish themselves at Commerce and build a city, which 
should be called Nauvoo. A considerable tract of land Avas presented to Smith 
to encourage settlement, and this he divided up and sold to his adherents at 
large prices, and that, together with other successful speculations, soon swelled 
his fortunes into upward of $100,000. 

Nauvoo soon grew into a village of several thousand inhabitants, and a vis- 
ion of the Prophet commanded all followers of the faith to assemble there and 
build a costly temple. 

A charter was granted by the Legislature of the State, conferring most as- 
tonishing civil powers upon Smith and Rigdon. They were authorized to organ- 
ize a military body, which they did, calling it the "Nauvoo Legion," of which 
Smith was commander, with the rank of Lieutenant General. 

In addition to this, he was first President of the Church and Mayor of 
Nauvoo, and by his own. revelations he was made " Seer, Translator, Prophet, 
Apostle of Jesus Christ and Elder of the Church," and his authority, both civil 
and religious, was unrestricted. 

He laid the foundations of the temple with great pomp and ceremony; and 
the faithful were not only called upon to contribute funds to its erection, but 
were obliged to labor upon it every tenth day. 

It was about this time that Smith, having been guilty of enticing various 
women from the right path, and having aroused Mrs. Smith's jealousy, received 
a revelation from heaven authorizing the taking of numerous wives. This made 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 323 

a great scandal, as the Book of Mormon expressly prohibited it ; and it was ten 
years before, as a sect, they openly adopted polygamy. 

Some of the Mormons, resisting this debauchery on the part of Smith, es- 
tablished a paper called the '■^Expositor,'' in which they denounced him without 
stint. Smith thereupon, with a party of his adherents, summarily destroyed 
the office with its contents. Dr. Foster, its publisher, and William Law, his 
assistant, were obliged to flee, and they took refuge at the county seat, where 
they obtained warrants against Joseph and Hyrum Smith, his brother, and six- 
teen others. 

The Constable who served the warrants was driven out of Nauvoo. The 
militia Avas called out and a civil war impended, when the Smiths were per- 
suaded to give themselves up and take their trial. They were removed to the 
jail at Carthage, and a guard appointed over them for their protection. 

On the evening of June 2Tth, a mob, mostly of Missourians, attacked the 
jail, overpowered the guard and fired with rifles upon the prisoners through the 
door. Hyrum Smith was instantly killed, and Joseph, after returning the fire 
until he had emptied his revolver, was shot dead. 

This caused intense confusion and excitement among his people for a time, 
and the leadership was disputed, Rigdon aspiring to it, but Brigham Young 
achieving it. 

The next year, the State of Illinois repealed the charter of Nauvoo, and 
the Saints then turned their faces toward the Rocky Mountains. Council Bluffs, 
Iowa, was the temporary resort of many, those remaining at Nauvoo keeping 
up continual strife with the surrounding people, until in September of the same 
year, after a three-days siege, they were finally driven out at the point of the 
bayonet. 

Straggling parties of refugees crossed the plains at intervals, and Brigham 
Young arrived there in 1847, the main body of the Mormons following in May, 
1848. 

The name of Deseret, signifying " The Land of the Honey Bee," was given 
to the State which they organized. They framed a Constitution and sent it to 
Washington, but the General Government refused to recognize it as a State. 
It was made into a Territory, with the name of Utah, and President Fillmore 
appointed Brigham Young as its first Governor. 

The part played by the Mormons in the history of this county is merely 
incidental, and illustrates the theory of accident to which we alluded at the 
opening of this chapter. Had chance led the straggling band into some other 
sections, there would now be no association of the name of Mormonism with the 
presence of white men in Marshall County. As it was, a brief page is devoted 
to that subject ; but it is one upon which more physical suff'ering is recorded 
than any that relates to the subsequent introduction of actual settlers. Its full 
record cannot be made, for none of the participants in the events of those fear- 
ful times now live to tell of the hardships of the Winter of 1847. The record 
left behind them was not written on perishable paper by ink that vanishes, but 
is carved in lasting symbols on the hillsides by the river. 

Two of the fleeing band came to the county after the departure of the main 
body of Mormons ; but those men were reticent at the time as to the events of 
those days, and have long since removed beyond the inquiring reach of the 
historian. All that can be gathered to-day from those who onc*^ conversed with 
the last of the party is here recited. The men referred to are Voris and Gor- 
don, neither of whom wintered here. They came to Marshall County from Iowa 
City. 



324 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

After the death of Smith, at Nauvoo, Brigham Young assumed command 
of the Mormons. It may be true that he had more knowledge of the causes 
■w'hifh led to the overthrow of the house of Smith and his own elevation to 
j)Ower than he cared to divulge. Be that as it may — whether or not his own 
ambitious scheming produced the outbreak of the people, by the misrepresenta- 
tion of the motives and actions of Smith, and created a feeling of enmity toward 
the sect, with the deliberate intention of instituting a government, with himself 
at the head — it is historic fact that the Smiths were deprived of office and 
power by violent death, and that Young assumed the leadership. 

The events at Nauvoo necessitated the departure of the Mormons from the 
settled part of the United States to a region remote from the presence of the 
law ; for in no other locality could Young develop and maintain the grand 
project with which his mind was weighted. 

Far beyond the Rocky Mountains, in the unexplored regions of the West, 
lay the land of safety, of immunity from law and of absolute freedom to him- 
self. The apparent inaccessibility of that country, and the expectation that it 
would never be occupied by civilized man as an abiding place, confirmed Young 
in his intent to reach the valley west of the mountains. Wise as he was and 
foreseeing in his wisdom. Young could not discern the miraculous development 
of the West during the quarter of a century succeeding the erection of his 
empire. He builded Avell, but his edifice was constructed of error and crime. 
It lacked the elements of stability. 

From the instant of the inception of his grand yet erroneous plan. Young 
encountered difficulties gigantic enough to intimidate a less heroic spirit. The 
Mormons were expelled from their resting place at Nauvoo in a penniless condi- 
tion, so far as the masses were concerned. They were poor in purse, ignorant 
and unsuited to self-government. They were unprepared for a long and weari- 
some march over the country. But the edict had gone forth, and the faithful 
were compelled to obey.^ The timid members of the society were coerced and 
driven into obedience by the Elders. Those few who refused to accompany 
the expedition — among them Mrs. Joseph Smith, who remained at Nauvoo — 
were subjected to indignities of all kinds. 

The order was for the society to separate into several bands and make their 
way toward the Missouri River, at Council Bluffs. This method of exodus 
was adopted because of the scarcity of provisions, and it was feared that the 
bands would perish of hunger if they travelel together in large numbers. The 
country was uncultivated, and dependence would have to be placed upon such 
forage as the native woods and fields supplied. 

One of these bands reached Marshall County in the Winter of 1846-7, and 
was obliged to go into permanent quarters until the opening of Spring. With- 
out shelter or means of erecting cabins, the company was in a most distressing 
condition. It is impossible to give a statement of the exact number of this 
party, but Judge W. C. Smith was informed by one of the Mormons, who for- 
sook the company at Iowa City and came to this county in 1848, that at least 
one thousand men, women and children encamped here. 

The site chosen by them is now known as Mormon Ridge, and is on th& 
Iowa River, northwest of Marshalltown. There the party dug caves in the 
hillsides, which served as rude resting places for the sick and feeble. Delicate, 
misguided women were there confined by the score, the babes usually dying 
from lack of nourishment and from exposure, while the poor mothers suffered a 
no less terrible fate. It is impossible to portray the real condition of affairs, 
but it recjuires no very vivid imagination to conceive of the misery of that en- 



HISTORY' OF MARSHALL COUNTY. S25 

campment. Far from human aid, ostracized by man, driven forth from civil- 
ized community and bearing the brand of disgrace, these poor wretclies were 
forced to endure actual privations that took them down to death's door, with 
no loving hand to close their eyelids or give them Christian burial. The com- 
pany was not only in suffering and want, it was also in slavery. The tyranny 
of the leaders was equaled by nothing save that which characterized the op- 
pression of the African slave. Escape was impossible, because of the watch- 
fulness of those who had at heart the desire to exercise dominion over a 
benighted faction in the Far West. 

In tius manner the Winter dragged slowly by. When Spring began to 
render wild life more endurable, those who remained of the company were 
taken to Iowa City by Government teams sent to their relief, and from that 
point continued their journey westward. Soon there were no traces of 
the camp except the new-made graves, the caverns, the stripped elm trees 
and the debris of a Winter's resting place by a filthy band of ignorant 
people. 

The greatest suffering endured was occasioned by the lack of food and of 
suitable clothing. The small stores accumulated before leaving the outposts of 
civilization were soon exhausted, and reliance had to be made upon the capture 
of such game as roamed over the prairies in Winter. Large numbers of deer 
and elk, and some buffalo, were slaughtered for food ; but the exclusive use of 
game flesh is a diet at once repugnant and dangerous. There were no vegeta- 
ble substances within reach, except the bark of elm trees, and this was used 
largely as a substitute for breadstuff's. Imagine the impossibility of sustain- 
ing the life of a mother and new-born child upon such food. No wonder, 
surely, that the mortality of the band was enormous. 

The history of the, company prior to reaching Council Bluffs, in the Spring 
of 1848, is no less obscure than that of the Winter time. The journey was 
made on foot, as it was all the way to Utah, many of the company dragging 
hand-carts laden Avith goods. An aunt of Mrs. V.'. C. Smith was one of the 
general band which went across the plains in 184b, jilthoiigh not one of 
those who wintered here. The woman attempted to escape several times, but 
was prevented. Her name was Nancy Ott She drew a hand-cart from Coun- 
cil Bluffs to Salt Lake City. Many incidents of this kind might be related, 
but enough has been said to give an idea of the character of the original pres- 
ence in this county of white men and women. 

The first so-called religious services ever held in Marshall County were ob- 
served by these Mormons ; but we shrink from according to these mistaken peo- 
ple the title of worshipers. We do this from no sense of bigotry, but because 
tyranny seems to us to be incompatible with the worship of God. 

The two men who came to this county after the departure of the Mormons, 
were George W. Voris and Thomas Gordon. Both were men high in the coun- 
cils of the sect. The cause of their disaffection was never known, but was 
probably the result of a quarrel or disagreement among the leaders. At all 
events, the party moved on and these two men remained behind. 

Gordon settled on the farm now occupied by William Arney, in Iowa Town- 
ship. He afterward sold this place and bought the Archibald demons farm, in 
Marion Township. Becoming frightened over the prospect of the return of the 
Pottawatomie Indians, Gordon went away from the county, and was absent a 
year or two. He then returned and finally engaged in mercantile business at 
Steamboat Rock, Hardin County. At last accounts he was living in Cedar 
Falls. 



■^,'2Q HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

\oy\s became interested in the village of La Fayette (later called Albion), 
shortly after its survey in 1852. He soon sold out and removed to Monona 
Co., Iowa, where he made a farm. In 1862-63, he moved to Colorado. 

Neither of these men believed in polygamy, and they were honorable in their 
dealings with their fellow-men. They evidently left the Mormon band because 
thev could not indorse the actions of the leaders, while they still retained 
their belief in the doctrines of the Book of Mormon. 



SETTLEMENT OF THE COUNTY. 

It is a generally conceded fact that the first white settler in the county was 
Joseph C. Davidson, who made a claim in the Summer of 1847. He chose a 
location in the present Township of Le Grand, on land now known as the M. 
1. Willitts farm. Davidson was married and was the father of a family. His 
w^fc came with him and shared the privations of pioneer life, if either of them 
really comprehended what privation meant. It seems as though what would 
nowadays be actual suffering to most people, was to them a species of enjoy- 
ment. Davidson was a nomadic fellow, who" illustrates well the current story of 
the man who wanted '' elbow room," and moved farther west whenever a " neigh- 
bor " approached within several miles. Neither he nor his family remain in 
this State, all having gone as far as Oregon at last reports. Probably the wilds 
of the extreme Northwest are far too civilized for him at present, and he is, if 
alive, longing for new worlds in a more primitive condition. This man's name 
has been written Davison, but the official papers at the Iowa City Land Office 
S[)ell it Davidson, which method we deem proper, and therefore adopt it. The 
first poll list also shows his name to have been Joseph C. Davidson. 

There is a monopoly of honor enjoyed by this pioneer family. Not only 
was lie the first settler, but his wife was the 

FIRST WHITE WOMAN 

in the county, and in all human probability was also the first woman to 
give birth to a white child in this locality. There is no positive information in 
existence on this subject ; but from the numerousness of the family at the date 
of their arrival — showing that Mrs. Davidson was not averse to the cares of 
maternity — the physical vigor of both parties, and the lapse of several months 
between the coming of the Davidsons and the next married settler, it may be 
regarded as almost certain that the worthy pair were the parents of 

THE FIRST CHILD 

born in the county. What adds to the plausibility of this supposition is the 
statement by an early comer that one of the youthful Davidsons was very young 
when the pioneer came to the county. In the absence of proof to the contrary, 
we feel authorized to accord to the Davidsons the triple honor. 

Davidson was a trapper, and associated with a man named William Pilgrim. 
The country for many miles about here formed the stamping grounds of these 
two men, and they were through the valley of the Iowa many times before the 
settlement of Davidson in 184i. 

Tlie actual settlement of the county began in 1848. The dividing line be- 
tween the Iowa City and the Dubuque Land districts, the forty-second parallel, 
ran through the county in such a manner as to separate nearly into halves this re- 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY, 



327 



gion. The following certificate of entries in the southern half of the county in 
1848, was found among the papers in the Auditor's office : 

List of lands entered in the south half of Marshall County from January 1, 1848, to Decem- 
ber 31, 1848, inclusive: 



Joseph M. Ferguson. 

Joseph Cooper 

Joseph M. Ferguson. 



Description . 



S. W. ] of S. E. [.. 

S. E. 1 

N. E. iofN. E. i.. 



Section, Town. Range. Acre 



25 

26 
86 



83 
83 
83 



18 
18 
18 



40 

160 

40 



ArmTOR's Office, Iowa, Iowa City, February 12, 1849. 
This is to certify that the foregoing is a correct copy of a list of land entered in the south 
half of Marshall County during the year 1848. as certified to me by the proper officer of the 
Land Office at Iowa City. Jos. T. Fales, Auditor of S>ate. 

These were the tirst entries made in the county, and were dated in May, 
1848, although the certificate does not show the date. 

This return was made for purposes of assessment. The north half of the 
county is not returned in this way, but from the abstract books, we find that 
there were entries made at Dubuque as follows : 



Purchaser. 


Description. 


Section. 


Town. 


Range. 


Acres. 


Elkhanah P Bush 


S. E. 1 
N. W. i 


34 

28 


85 

85 


19 
19 


160 


Jesse Amos 


160 



These entries were made June 23d and July 11th, respectively,, and while 
they do not establish the date of the arrival and actual settlement of these pio- 
neers, they may be accepted as nearly simultaneous, if the memory of man is not 
at fault. 

Of these four men, the two first named, Messrs. Ferguson and Cooper, were 
Kentuckians by birth, but more recently from Indiana. They first settled near 
Newton, Jasper County, but left there after about a year's residence, and pro- 
ceeded to Marshall to take up residence on claims made a month prior to that 
time. They brought with them a party consisting of William C. Smith, Will- 
iam Springer, and others. The original exploring party in March, 1848, con- 
sisted of Joseph Cooper, D. E. Cooper, Dr. E. B. Bush, John Campbell and J. 
M. Ferguson. 

The little band moved northward from Jasper, for the second time, in the 
month of April, 1848, and came to the shore of Timber Creek, in this county, 
after a pleasant trip. There, by the blaze of a huge fire, they made merry and 
laughed at the discomforts of the hour. They all possessed the true spirit of 
the pioneer. 

On the 6th day of April, 1848, the first log was cut for the beginning of a 
new settlement. This was the second stroke toward civilization ever made in 
the county, the crude cabin of the first settler, Davidson, being the first house 
erected. Two log cabins arose speedily under the willing Avork of the party, 
and the air of comfort was imparted to them by the erection of large chimneys. 
The two families. Cooper and Ferguson, were not long in taking up quarters at 
the new farms in the beautiful valley. John Campbell, then a young man, came 
and boarded with his friend Mr, Ferguson. He aided in breaking the prairie 
and joined Mr. F. in his farm work. 

The land entries do not show the full list of settlers in 1848, a." many of 
them came on and made claims prior to locating their lands. Before the loca- 



.;:>8 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

cion of land by Bush and Amos, but not before they had come to Marshall 
County, several other men made their claims in the northern half of the county. 

In March, 1848, Philip Ballard, Shelton Gear and Alexander Gear, settled 
on the Iowa River, in what is Iowa Township. Shortly afterward, William and 
John Ballard came and settled near the otliers. The same Spring, Washington 
Asher settled on the land now the farm of Thomas Swearengen, near Albion, 
and James ^Miller located in what is now Liscomb Township. John Duke and 
Thomas Gordon settled in the vicinity of William Ballard, in the Fall of 1848. 
William C. Smith, joined the party with which he came first to Marshall County, 
and in the Summer of 1848, located on the middle branch of Timber Creek. 

An incident of the first year is related by Judge Smith, which illustrates 
the lonesomeness of the settlement made by Ferguson and Cooper, on Timber 
Creek : 

••This quiet little settlement was soon disturbed by threats of the Indians of 
the Musquaka and Pottawatomie tribes, ])arts of which had left the quarters 
assigned to them ia Missouri, and made their way back to Iowa, from whence 
thev were removed in 1843. This little band of the white race left their homes 
through their dread of the tomahawk and scalp ing-knife of the redskins, and 
returned to Jasper County, remaining there six weeks, when they returned to 
their homes, the most of the Indians having left. 

•'During the absence of these families, William C. Smith, A. J. Smith and 
Joseph Cooper came from the settlement near Newton, in Jasper County, and 
broke prairie south of Timber Creek Grove. While thus engaged, one evening 
near sundown, they saw two persons on horseback advancing to meet them, 
supposed to be Indians ; but on coming up, one of the party proved to be Enoch 
Eastman, now ex-Gov. Eastman; the name of his partner is not now remembered. 
These were welcomed to the hospitalities of the pioneers. In those days, it took 
but a few minutes to make, as it were, old acquaintances, old neighbors and 
strong friends. Two or three hours from their first meeting, these parties 
might be seen by the fireside of our old friend, Joseph Cooper, feasting on 
johnny-cake, roast potatoes and wild honey, laughing in the familiar style of 
old friends who had been long parted and met again, wdien but a few hours pre- 
vious they were entire strangers. In the morning, Enoch and his partner left 
for the big woods in Hardin County, rejoicing." 

In the Autumn of 1848. large bodies of Indians of the Musquaka and 
Pottawatomie tribes, collected in various parts of the county. This was des- 
tined to >be a severe Winter upon the pioneers, so heavy was the fall of snow. 
To begin with, late in November a severe storm left thera with snow three feet 
in depth ; and, added to that, during the Winter, there were frequent lighter 
falls, which, with occasional thawing and freezing, made travel impossible. 
Their stores of provisions were none too abundant at the outset ; and when it 
came to be impossible to get to town or to mill, they were like people in a state 
of siege, obliged to resort to all kinds of expedients to eke out their scanty 
supplies and to sustain life. They had corn on the cob, and this was boiled and 
grated to make their meal ; they had salt pork, and, for sweetmeats, wild 
honey. T(tbacco chewers used, in place of their fiivorite weed, the bark of the 
quaking ash. which was not to be scorned as a substitute. It is necessity, we 
know, that has brought to our notice and use all the good things of life ; and 
these snow-bound and deprived men and women ought to have added, from the 
meager resources within their reach, some choice combination which would, 
from its excellence, have perpetuated the patience of this bleak sojourn in the 
wilderness. But, as far as we are acquainted with their cuisine, no ingenious 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 



329 



housewife thought to immortalize herself in compounding honey and pork in 
such a way as to have us crave it at this day as a choice titbit. So this golden 
opportunity, it seems, Avas lost. 

The nearest town was Newton, Jasper Co., from twenty-five to forty miles 
distant, no easy journey in fair weather and with their facilities at their best, 
and the nearest mill was from fifty to sixty-five miles distant. So we can form 
some conception of their helpless and impoverished condition. The Indians, 
however, utilized this unusual snow-fall and the heavy crust that was formed 
upon it by the alternate thawing and freezing, by running down upon their 
snow-shoes and killing hundreds of deer, since when there have been very few 
in the country. At the beginning of March, however, the heavy snow melted, 
and the settlers were blessed with the earliest Spring that has been known in 
the_ annals of this country. 

The year 1849 witnessed very decided increase in the population of the 
county. There were four entries of land in the Dubuque District, or northern 
half of the county ; but these did n )t represent the influx of settlers. 

Charles Miller entered the west half of the northeast quarter and the east 
half of the northwest quarter of Section 14, Township 85, Range 14, on the 
loth day of June, 1849 ; William W.. Love entered lands on Sections 3 and 4, 
Township 84, Range 20 ; Hiram Tyner selected lands on Section 10, same 
township, and Richard Lindsay located lands on Sections 23 and 26, Township 
85, Range 20, all on the 2d day of November, 1849. Thomas S. Brown loca- 
ted the southeast quarter of Section 13, Township 84, Range 18, on the 1st 
day of November, 1849. 

The southern portion of the county was the favorite section at that time, 
probably because of the halt made there by Ferguson and Cooper the year 
before. 

The following certificate shows what entries were made in that part of the 
•county : 

lAst of Land entered in Marshall County from January 1, 1849, to December 31, 1849. 



Purchasers. 


Description. 


Sec. 


Town. 


Range. 


Acres. 


lOOths. 


Elias Hilsabeck 


S. ^ of S. E. 1 and S. J of S W. Fl. J... 

N. ^ of S. E. 1 and S. } of N. E. \ 

E. i of S. E. i and S. W. i of S. E. }... 
S. E. ^ of N E 1 


6 
11 
11 
23 
26 
8.5 
35 
36 
8 
9 


82 
83 
83 
83 
83 
83 
83 
83 
82 
82 


17 
17 
17 
18 
18 
18 
18 
18 
20 
20 


166 

160 

120 

40 

40 

120 

120 

40 

80 

80 


r-,9. 


William Davidson 




Samuel Bowman 




■Samuel Bowman 




Joseph Cooper 


S. E. \ of S. W. } 




Joseph Cooper 

David Edward Cooper... 
David Edward Cooper... 
James Green Allen 


E. ^ of N. W. 1 and N. E. \ of S. W. \.. 
S. E. \ of N. E. J- and N. * of S. E. }.... 
N. W. ^ of S. W. } ' 




E. i of S. E. J 




.James Green Allen 


W. ^ of S. W. I 












Total acres 









966 


52 



Auditob's Office, ) 

Iowa City, Iowa, March 15, 1850. / 
This is to certify that the foregoing is a list of the lands entered in Mai'shall County in the 
year 1849, as certified by Jesse Bovven, Esq., Register of the Land Office at Iowa City. 

JosEi'H T. Fales, Auditor of State. 

It has been stated that William Davidson followed his brother and located 
here shortly after the original pioneer did. He may have done so, but he did 
not enter the land upon which he "squatted," to use a Western phrase, until 
November 3, ] 849. 



330 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

The region south of the settlements in Le Grand, by the Davidsons, and 
in Timber Creek, by the Fergusons and Coopers, were the only ones for a 
radius of many miles. Mills were no nearer than forty to sixty miles, and the 
pioneers were compelled to resort to all sorts of home inventions to prepare 
their corn for food. 

John Campbell located north of Timber Creek, on the stream now known 
as Linn Creek, in 1848. He joined William Asher in erecting a rude dam 
across the latter stream, and also in putting up a "corn cracker." The mill 
thus attempted was exceedingly crude, and was carried away shortly after its 
erection, by the sudden rising of the creek. 

The site was abandoned as a water power, and, in 1849, Mr. Asher and 
Carpenter Gear put up a saw and grist mill on Timber Creek, in Le Grand 
Townshij), on the site of the Rock Valley Mills. A portion of the frame of 
the first mill still stands, inclosed in the newer structure. This mill was com- 
pleted in 1851, and was the first one in the Iowa Valley west of Iowa City. 

Mr. Asher removed to Hardin County some time later, and there built, at Har- 
din City, the mill known as Hayden's Mill, which was destroyed by fire about 1859. 

Mr. Asher met with a misfortune which resulted in his death, while living 
at Hardin. He froze his feet so badly as to necessitate amputation, from the 
effects of which he never rallied. Mr. Asher was a fine specimen of the West- 
ern pioneer, an enterprising man and one highly esteemed. He is remembered 
by the surviving companions of his life here with kindest feelings. 

From the poll lists and from the memory of those who still survive, the fol- 
lowing list of settlers in the county prior to 1850 is prepared. It is probable 
that others located here as " squatters," but no record of them is obtainable. 
These names are given not as a complete list, but as one which approximates a 
correct statement : 

Joseph C. Davidson Joseph M. Ferguson, Joseph Cooper, Elkhanah B. 
Bush, Jesse Amos, William T. Sherman, VVilliam J. Asher, John F. Campbell, 
David E. Cooper, William C. Sm.ith, William Ballard, Washington Asher, 
John T. Duke, John Ballard, John Coy, William Coddington, William Peterman, 
Isaac Asher. James Asher, Joshua Kemp, Carpenter Gear, Moses Lacey, Philip 
Ballard, G. W. Ilalley, Thomas Pearson, Shelton Gear, A. J. Smith, William E. 
Alexander, Samuel Davidson, Blakeley Brush, Alvin Adkins, James Miller, Zeno 
B. Freeman, Samuel Bowman, William Ralls, John B. Hobbs, Terry Gowing, 
William McCormick, Green Ralls, Marion Clifton, George Stanley, Riley 
-Majors, Arthur Robinson, William Robinson, John Arney, John Hauser, 
Ayers Elesberry, Jacob Hauser, John J. Ferguson, John Smith, Elias Hilsa- 
beck, James G. Allen, Thomas S. Brown, Hiram Tyner, Richard Lindsay, Will- 
iam W. Love, John Braddy, Charles Miller, William Davidson, Lewis Ketchum, 
Joseph Long, Alexander Bowles, Mr. Dean, Isaac Myers, Thomas Gordon, 
George W. Voris. 

THE FIRST MARRIAGE LICENSE 

was issued by David E. Cooper, then Clerk of the District Court, and bears 
date in the filing (but not dated in the certificate) November 15, 1849. The 
certificate roads as follows : 

Statk of Iowa, ) 

Mahshai.l ("ointy. 1 *'^' 

Aliiiarion Gear, being duly sworn, deposeth and says that Nancy Ballard is over 18 years 
of age, and that she is a resident of the county aforesaid, and her parents have given their con- 
sent to her marriage, and further snyth not. Almarion Geah. 

Sworn and subscribed to before me. D. E. Coui'er, 

Clerk of the District Court, M. C, Iowa. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUIITY. S31 

The lady was a daughter of Philip Ballard, and the marriage was solemnized 
by A. J. Smith, first Justice of the Peace for the township of Jefferson. The 
groom was a son of Carpenter Gear. The occasion of the wedding is reported 
by those who participated in the festivities as one of the notable social events 
of pioneer times. The blushing bride was the recipient of attentions more 
demonstrative than agreeable from the merry guests. 

The organization of the county took place in the Summer and Fall of 1849, 
and to this subject a special chapter is devoted elsewhere. 

The year 1850 is a notable one in the annals of the county, because of an 

INDIAN SCARE 

which then occurred. In the Spring, large numbers of Indians came pouring 
into the county from the reservation assigned them in Missouri. In response 
to the proposition to return, the red men grunted : " Heap sick in Missouri ; 
Indian no live there ; Indian all die ; Indian live ir; Iowa heap good ; Indian 
live long time on Iowa River." 

The Davidsons were not favorites of the Indians. The encroachment of 
the whites on their territory had soured the natives, and the early settlers were 
more or less afraid of them. The chief cause of the disturbance at the time 
of which we write was the conduct of Samuel Davidson, son of Joseph. The 
young man made demonstrations against the aborigines. Davidson secretly 
visited the camp of the Indians, during their absence, and destroyed consider- 
able of their corn and camp property. 

The Indians thus disturbed were of a mixed tribal character. Part of 
them were of the Musquakas, some of the Pottawatomies and a portion of the 
Winnebagoes. All were hostile to the bloody Sioux, and feared them with 
intense fear. Had the outraged Indians been of the warlike Sioux, the acts of 
the Davidsons would undoubtedly have resulted in the entire extermination of 
the white men in Marshall County. As it was, a feeling of cowardice appears 
to have governed them. The unwarranted action of young Davidson in 
destroying the Indian camp, fortunately, did not affect the temper of the 
Indians beyond a desire to have revenge upon the perpetrators of the cruel 
deed. 

When the Indians returned to camp and beheld their loss, they at once 
proceeded to the white settlements and vented a degree of spite on innocent 
men. Mr. Campbell suffered in the loss of some of his stock, and Mrs. Ralls 
and other women were badly frightened. The whites concluded that a 
massacre was imminent, and that defensive measures were imperative. To 
this end they assembled and petitioned to Maj. Wood, of Fort Dodge, for aid. 
The Major responded that he could render no assistance, and that the settlers 
must protect themselves as best they could, or leave the country. As they had 
made considerable improvement on their farms, the pioneers had no idea of 
abandoning their homes, and at once set about erecting a fort, or stockade, in 
which to gather until the danger was past. 

The Indians were reported to be very hostile, and wild rumors were set 
afloat respecting the conduct of the braves near Indiantown, their headquartei's 
in the adjoining county of Tama. 

There were some 1,500 warriors, and they became very saucy and threaten- 
ing. Some of their number one day went to Mr. John Campbell's claim, killed 
some of his hogs, pointed their guns at him in a very alarming fashion and 
drove off his stock. They had war dances, and were on the war path every day, 
armed and painted for the fight, which it was evident would be brought about 



332 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

<;)n the least provocation. As a natural result of this, terror reigned in every 
white family. 

The settlers on the south side of the Iowa River united in a petition to 
Major Wood, of Fort Dodge, for help, who answered by saying he could spare 
no troops then, and that they must either remove from the vicinity or protect 
themselves. Some tried to hire the Indians to leave, but were not successful — 
thev preferring the Iowa climate to the less-iiealthy one of Missouri. 

In the midst of this alarm. Major Williams, who had been ordered to remove 
these Indians to their proper quarters in Missouri, sent word to the inhabitants 
that the probabilities were, that in order to get the Indians to leave, he would 
have to move on there with his troops, and in that event, the Indians would 
probably avenge themselves by scattering and murdering the inhabitants. 

At this intelligence the settlers rendezvoused not far from Mr. Robinson's 
house to devise means for safety ; and John Braddy and Greenbury Ralls 
were dispatched after ammunition. The rest counseled together, and while 
some advocated returning to the more closely populated parts of the State, yet, 
as it was in June and in the very midst of crop-growing, all finally agreed that 
to abandon the settlement now was to give up everything to the Indians, and 
so it was decided that their best measure was to erect a stockade fort in which 
they could take shelter. 

So the fort was made. It was ninety feet square, built of puncheons — 
driven like piles into the ground, so that the walls were about ten feet high — 
and was called Fort Robinson. It was begun June 11th, and was finished in a 
few days. In it some twenty-four families took refuge, making their preparations 
to spend the Summer there, and leaving their growing crops outside to the pos- 
sible tender mercies of the Musquakas. 

They brouglit in their furniture, bedding and provisions, but kept the cattle 
upon the outside. Once settled there, the ladies busied themselves with patch- 
ing their husband's coats and with other domestic duties ; and as there were 
thirty children to be looked after, it is not supposable that any of them sufiered 
from ennui. 

Their tents were made of wagon covers and old quilts ; they had a few 
" chunk " fires in common ; each family had its own table, and, withal, there 
Avas never a lack of something to do. Some of the meat was kept at Mr. 
Robinson's smoke house, as was also the milk and butter. 

The names of the families who thus joined together to protect themselves, 
were: Wm. C. Smith, John Campbell, A, J. Smith, John Braddy, Wm. Ralls, 
G. S. Ralls, James A. Logan, Blakeley Brush, Joseph Cooper, David Cooper, 
J. M. Ferguson, Isaac Meyers, Carpenter Gear, Riley Mayors, Samuel Bow- 
man, F. M. Clifton, Stephen Crowder, Arthur Robinson, William Robinson, 
John Ferguson and John Smith. James A. Logan was selected as Captain of 
the garrison, and Wm. C. Smith and John Campbell were chosen as spies to 
wiitch the movements of the Indians. The latter two generally went down to 
the Indian camps each day to take notes. 

Gn the fifth day of the siege, on appoaching the hill that overlooked the 
Indian village, they saw two large bodies of Indians on horseback riding swiftly 
backward and forward over the prairie in that vicinity. Soon the sound of 
a drum was heard, wlien the Indians rode hastily up to a large tent or wickeup, 
several iiundred feet in length and about fifteen feet in width. Here they dis- 
mounted and formed a ring on the inside. Their heads were shaved smooth, 
with the exception of a small bit of hair on the top of the head, and that stood 
erect and was wrappnl with deer sinew. They were almost naked, and were 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 333 

painted in red stripes from the crowns of their heads to the soles of their feet, 
each warrior having in his hand a gourd containing beans or corn, which he 
shook as an accompaniment to tlieir powwow songs. 

While the warriors were thus engaged, some of the squaws that remained (as, 
in view of battle, most of the women and children had been sent away) hung 
up four dogs by the necks, and while they writhed and struggled in the process 
of strangulation, the braves, with war clubs in hand, danced round them for 
the space of half an hour. Then, at the signal from the drum, they seated 
themselves and beoran singing a chant. 

Meantime, the squaws had made ready in the center of the wickeup, foui- 
large kettles partly full of boiling water. Into these the dogs were placed — hide, 
hair, entrails and all — while a large bundle of dry sticks close at hand kept the 
fire good and hot for two and a half hours. During this space of time, several 
hundred of the savages danced around the savory kettles, brandishing their clubs 
and yelling hideously, threatening Smith and Campbell repeatedly. 

Again at a signal they seated themselves, while the squaws dished up the 
boiled dogs, and served up a portion to each warrior, seasoned with maple sugar. 
This Macbeth-hash seemed not to pacify and make amiable, as a good dinner is 
generally supposed to do, but, on the contrary, after it they grew more boister- 
ous, and resumed their yelling and dancing. It may be that this effect followed 
their not having enough of the savory dish. During this time, the two spies 
made a vain effort to communicate with John Green, the chief and leader, but 
failing in it, they withdrew. 

On their attempt to regain Fort Robinson, they were accosted at intervals 
by two parties of Indians, thus : 

•" Where 3'ou going V You going to block-house ? " 

On being answered in the affirmative, they continued : 

*' How many men in block-house ? " 

They were replied to after the Indian style, " Oh heap." 

" Any big guns? " 

" Yes, some big guns." 
■ " Any big man in block-house? " 

•'Yes, a heap big man." 

After this conversation, they passed on. 

A few days after this, William Davidson, thinking it would be a nice thing 
to test the courage of the garrison and commander, laid a plan for a sham 
attack. Letting the guard for the night — William Asher (who had a tremen- 
dous shot-gun, that had done some good execution among the wolves), Jack 
Braddy and Carpenter Gear — into the secret, he went up on the hill, where the 
cattle were lying down, and raised a stampede. 

•' Ah, then and there was hurrying to and fro." The cow bells jingled at 
an appalling rate, as if all the herds were in frightened motion ; reports of 
guns were heard, and the garrison was soon fully aroused and trying to collect 
itself, to meet this dreaded and dreadful emergency. 

Mrs. Logan sent to her husband, " Keep your guns clean and your powder 
dry." Every light was extinguished, and the Captain said, in hushed whis- 
pers, " Keep still, and stay in your beds, women." Some of the children were 
aroused, and it was somewhat difficult to keep them within proper bounds ; but 
on the whole, they behaved well. 

There was, of course, terrible excitement ; the men grasped their guns, and 
some of the women commenced praying. Poor old Mrs. Robinson, thinking 
she was not quite ready for the scalping-knife, fell on her knees, repeating, 



334 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

quite loud enough for all the Musquakas to hear, had they listened, " 0, Lord. 
I have tried to live in thy service through life, but I find I have not enough 
religion to die by ! Give me more. Lord, please I " 

Logan acted*^very well, and most of the men ; but no red skins appeared at 
their walls ; and finally, about daylight, as they could find no moccasin prints 
in the vicinity, they concluded they had been sold. Of course their chagrin 
and indignation were great, and had it not been that white men were scarce and 
valuable, it is more than likely that some body would have been punished. 

Of course, this little garrison was very vigilant ; for, besides having one of 
the most cruel of foes to contend with, their means of defense were none too 
plentiful. 

Alarms were not uncommon, and at another time than the one mentioned 
above, when some of the young people were spending the evening in dancing 
at the house of Mr. Arthur Robinson, at a little distance, some of the older 
men in the fort saw two Indians leisurely riding along the bottom on their 
ponies. Fancying them to be scouts, and fearing an attack, they rushed out of 
the fort and called to the merry-makers to come into the inclosure at once and 
prepare for danger. Whereupon some members of the dancing party went out 
to meet the Indians, and asked them where they were going, and asked to see 
their guns. The Indians were at first very reluctant to give them any informa- 
tion, but finally, in fear and trembling, handed over their arms. It then trans- 
pired that they, unconscious that they had given the whites a great fright, were 
dreadfully frightened themselves. And so the young men returned, with re- 
lieved minds, to their dancing. 

These Indians, after parleying with Maj. Williams for three or four weeks, 
agreed to leave peaceably if the Government would give them a stated amount 
of flour, pork, ammunition and blankets. To this the Government, through 
the Major, acceded, when they took up their line of march to their home, in 
Missouri, and the garrison at Fort Robinson broke up, its occupants returning 
to their homes, never after to be molested with fears of tomahawks and scalp- 
ing-knives. 

THE FIRST POST OFFICE 

in the county was located on Section 34, Township 83 north, Range 18 west, 
in the present township of Timber Creek. William C. Smith was appointed 
Postmaster by Hon. Nathan K. Hall, Postmaster General. The appointment 
was made June 13, 1850, and the commission bears date July 10, 1850. The 
post route was from the office in Timber Creek to Newton, Jasper County, and 
the service was weekly. A. J. Smith was contractor, and carried the mail for 
the net proceeds of the Timber Creek office. 

The original commission is still in the possession of Mr. Smith, and from it 
we make the following copy : 

\^Cut of an Eagle.~\ 

Nathan K. Hall, Postmaster General of the United States; to all tvJio shall 

see these pi-esents, Greeting : 

Whereas, On the 13th day of June, 1850, William C. Smith was ap- 
pointed Postmaster at Timber Creek, in the County of Marshall, State of Iowa ; 
and, whereas, he did, on the 10th day of July, 1*850, execute a bond and has 
taken the oath of oflfice, as required by law ; Now, know ye, that confiding in 
the integrity, ability and punctuality of the said William C. Smith, I do com- 
mission him a Postmaster, authorized to execute the duties of that office at 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 335 

Timber Creek, aforesaid, according to the laws of the United States and the 
regulations of the Post Office Department, to hold said office of Postmaster, with 
all the powers, privileges and emoluments to the same belonging, durinn- the 
pleasure of the Postmaster General of the United States. 

In testimony whereof, 1 have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of 

the Post Office Department to be affixed at Washington City, the 

12th day of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight 

[SEAfc.] hundred and fifty, and of the independence of the United States 

the seventy-fifth. N. K. Hall. 

THE FIRST DEATH 

which occurred in the county was that of an infant child of William C. Smith. 
The date is June, 1850. The second death was that of an infant child of Will- 
iam Powers. 

THE FIRST ADULT DEATH 

was that of Hosea Dean, who died in February, 1851. His coffin was made of 
the boards of a wagon box. The second adult death was that of Mrs. Joseph 
Cooper. The coffin in which the body was finally composed was made of lum- 
ber which a neighbor chanced to have on hand for repairing a wagon. Fine 
lumber could not be obtained nearer than sixty or eighty miles, and the bereaved 
friends of these two worthy people were compelled to resort to the expedient of 
using such materials as were at hand. Mr. Dean lived three miles from Mar- 
shalltown, on the west side of Asher Creek. Mrs. Cooper lived on Timber Creek. 

THE FIRST RELIGIOUS SERVICES 

were conducted by Rev. Mr. Bagley, of the Christian denomination, in the 
Fall of 1848. Mr. William C. Smith is a regularly-ordained minister of the 
same sect, and preached on Timber Creek, where Mr. Bagley had held service, 
in 1849. Rev. J. F. Hestwood was the first Methodist Episcopal clergyman in 
the county. He preached in Timber Creek in 1850. 

THE FIRST SCHOOL 

was taught by William C. Smith, in the first log house erected on Timber Creek, 
by Joseph Cooper. The school consisted of some twelve or fifteen pupils, and 
was taught during the years 1849—50. 

THE FIRST STORE 

was opened at Le Grand, by James Allman, in 1850. The second store was 
owned by William Dishon, at Marietta. 

LA GRAND, THE FIRST VILLAGE 

•was not recorded as a surveyed plat until July 5, 1854, but was probably first 
designed in 1850 ; for, as above stated, the pioneer store was opened there in 
that year. It is located on Section 13, Town 83, Range 17. 

THE FIRST NEWSPAPER 

was the Iowa Central Journal, established at Albion in November, 1855, bv 
Thomas J. Wilson, J. W. Tripp, H. C. Knapp and Orson Hobart. 

THE FIRST MILL 

was built in 1847, by William Asher, on Linn Creek, and was soon washed away. 
The first beneficial mill was put up in 1849. on Timber Creek, by J. F. Camp- 
bell and William Asher. 



336 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY. 

April 10, 1848, the Board of Commissioners of Jasper County adopted the 

following : 

Ordered by (he Board. That there hereby is a township laid off in the boundaries of Marshall 
County, to be known by the name of Minerva Creek Township ; the place of holding the election 
to he at the house of George W. Halley. George W. Halley. Washington Asher and David 
Miller to act as Judges of Election. 

January 1, 1849, the Board alloAved Joab Bennett, of Jasper, three dollars 
for assessing Marshall County, which job took three days' time, 

The county of Marshall was organized under the management of Joseph 
M. Ferguson, who was vested with authority by the general laws of the State, 
by the provisions of which the District Court had power to appoint an Organ- 
izing Sheriff", when proper application had been made. 

Mr. Ferguson, as Organizing Sheriff", called the first election in the county 
on the 6th day of August, 1849. Under the caption of " Elections " is given 
a detailed report of this and subsequent elections. 

The vote numbered twenty-eight ballots, and resulted in the election of J. M. 
Ferguson, Sheriff'; Jesse Amos, Joseph Cooper and James Miller, Commission- 
ers ; Zeno B. Freeman, Treasurer ; A. J. Smith and Joshua Kemp, Justices of 
the Peace. 

The first session of the Commissioners was held at the house of one of the 
Board — Jesse Amos — on Section 28, ToAvn 85 north. Range 19 west, in what is 
now Bangor Township. 

There was no seat of justice established in the county at that time, and the 
meetings of the Board were held at the houses of the Commissioners, as con- 
veniences suggested, for the first year or more. The chapter on " Fiscal Rec- 
ords," in this volume, contains as full an account of those meetings as can be 
obtained, because of the loss of the few sheets of foolscap paper, stitched to- 
gether as a rude book, which formed the first volume of the Commissioners' 
Minutes. The documentary evidence obtainable to-day is exceedingly meager, 
and is but a list of the county orders issued by the Board in the year 1850. It 
is safe to accept the absence of the records as an indication of the lack of very 
important business. 

By an act of the Legislature of Iowa, approved January 21, 1851, Messrs. 
B. B. Berry, of Mahaska County ; Manley Giff"ord, of Jasper County, and W. 
W. Walker, of Dallas County, w^ere appointed Commissioners to locate the- 
county seat of this county. 

Messrs. Giff"ord and Miller performed the trust accorded them, and chose 
the east half of the southeast quarter of Section 13, Town 84 north, Range 19 
west, and the west half of the southwest quarter of Section 18, Town 84 north, 
Range 18 west. The site thus chosen, the Commissioners named " Marietta." 

The long chapter on the "County Seat Contest" contains a full descrip- 
tion of the location of the county seat, and the subsequent complications 
arising therefrom. 

The county seat having been established, a Court House was erected by 
Alexander Crow, in 1852. 

In 1851, the Legislature abolished the Commissioner system of govern- 
ment in counties, and substituted therefor a plan known as the County Judge 
system. One man was elected by the people, with powers equal to those 
formerly possessed by the Board of Commissioners. John B. Hobbs was. 
elected Judge of the County Court, in 1851. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 33T 

Of the proceedings of this court there can be found but fragmentary docu- 
ments prior to July 5, 1852, at which period Minute Book "A" begins. The 
business transacted was undoubtedly of a mere routine nature, until the Sep- 
tember term of the court, when the suggestion of organizing new townships 
was entertained. 

The October term was almost entirely given up to the consideration of this 
important matter. The division of the county at the date of the proposition was 
Minerva Creek, Iowa River and Jefferson Townships. The population 
of these townships may be estimated from the statement of the vote cast 
at the general election in 1852 : Minerva Creek, 29 ; Iowa River, 10 ; Timber 
Creek, 31. 

At the October term was perfected the creation of Iowa, Washington, 
Marietta, Economy, Jefferson and Minerva Townships. The plan did not 
prosper, however, and the election returns show that polling precincts were 
never legally established in the numerous subdivisions. 

This method of dividing the county did not prove at all satisfactory, and 
at the March term, 1853, the County Court again considered the subject. The 
records read : " There being many applications made for the alteration of town- 
ships, it being the opinion that a less number of townships would be to the 
advantage of the county; Therefore, the Court has changed and altered the 
townships," as follows: 

Iowa Township began at the northeast corner of the county and ran west 
to the crossing of the north line by the Iowa River; thence followed the stream 
to where it crossed the east line ; thence on the east line of the county to place 
of beginning. 

Marietta Township began at crossing of the north line of the county by the 
Iowa River ; thence to northwest corner of the county ; thence on west line of 
county to the southwest corner ; thence east on the south line of county to the 
section line between Sections 33 and 34, Township 82 north, Range 19 west ; 
thence on said line north to north line of Township 83, Range 19, between Sec- 
tions 3 and 4 ; thence east on township line between Townships 83 and 84 to 
section line between 33 and 34, Township 84, Range 18 ; thence north on said 
line to Iowa River ; thence running on south side of river to place of be- 
ginning. 

Jefferson Township began at the east line of the county, where the Iowa 
River crossed the same ; thence west on south side of river to section line be- 
tween Sections 27 and 28, Township 84 north. Range 18 west ; thence south 
on said line to township line between 83 and 84 ; thence west on said line to 
section line between Sections 3 and 4, Township 83 ; thence south to south 
line of the county ; thence east to southeast corner of the county ; thence north 
to place of beginning. 

On the 27th day of September, 1853, Alexander Crow made a formal 
tender of the Court House building to the county. Judge Wm. C. Smith, who 
succeeded Judge Hobbs, accepted the same, as is shown by this entry in the 
court minutes: 

September the 27th. A. D. 1853. Alexander Crow tenders to the county of Marshall a cer- 
tain Court House, contracted for between the said Crow and the county of Marshall, State of 
Iowa, and the said county of Marshall, by her agent William C. Smith, County Judge of said 
county, has this 27th day of September, A. D. 1853, received said Court House and paid therefor 
$508.75, in town lots in the town of Marietta, in the county of Marshall, State of Iowa, and 
§30.50 by voluntary subscriptions, and $365.75, in county warrants and bonds ; making in all 
$905, the price agreed upon for building said Court House. 

William C. Smith, County Judge. 



338 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

At the March Term, 1855, the County Court re-divided the county into the 
following townships : 

lo^va Township began at the northern boundary of the county where the 
Iowa River crosses that boundary, in Section 2, Township 85, Range 19 ; 
thence following the course of the river to the line between Sections 23 and 24, 
in Township 84, Range 18 ; thence north on the section line to the northern 
boundary of the county : thence west on this northern line to the place of be- 
ginning. 

Marion Toivnship began on the section line between Sections 23 and 24, in 
Township 84, Range 18, where the Iowa River crosses that line ; thence north 
on the section line to the northern boundary of the county ; thence east to the 
northeast corner of the county ; thence south on the eastern boundary of the 
county to the northern bank of the Iowa River ; thence along the course of the 
river to the place of beginning. 

Le G-rand Township began where the Iowa River crosses the eastern 
boundary of Marshall County, in Section 1, Township 83, Range 17 ; thence 
south on the eastern boundary to the southeast corner of said cotinty ; thence 
west on the southern boundary of the county to the township line, between 
Ranges 17 and 18 ; thence north on the township line to the northeast corner 
of Section 0, in Township 83, Range 17 ; thence east on the township line to 
the Iowa River; thence along the course of the river to the place of beginning. 

Marshall Township began where the Iowa River crosses the line between 
Townships 83 and 84, Range 17 ; thence along the meanderings of the Iowa 
River to the section line between Sections 16 and 17, in Township 84, Range 
18 : thence south on the section line to the township line between Townships 83 
and 84, Range 18 ; thence west on the township line to the township line be- 
tween Ranges 18 and 19 ; thence south on the township line to the southwest 
corner of Section 7, in Township 83, Range 18 ; thence east on the township 
line to the place of beginning, 

Jefferson Township began at the southeast corner of Section 12, in Town- 
ship 83, Range 18 ; thence running south on the township line to the southern 
boundary of the county ; thence west to the township line between Ranges 19 
and 20 ; thence north to the southwest corner of Section 7, in Township 83, 
Range 19; thence east on the section line to the place of beginning. 

Marietta Township began where the Iowa River crosses the section line be- 
tween Sections 27 and 28, in Township 84, Range 18 ; thence following up 
the course of the river to the township line between Townships 84 and 85, 
Range 19; thence west to the northwest corner of Township 84, Range 19; 
thence south on the township line to the southwest corner of Section 7, in 
Township 83. Range 19 ; thence east on the section line to the southeast corner 
of Section 12 in said township; thence north on the township line to the 
northeast corner of said township ; thence east to the section line between 
Sections 30 and 34 ; thence north on the section line to the place of begin- 
ning. 

Banjior Townsltip began where the Iowa River crosses the township line, 
between Townships 84 and 85, Range 19 ; thence following the course of the 
river to the northern boundary of Marshall County; thence west to the north- 
west corner of Township 85, Range 19 ; thence south to the southwest corner 
of said township; thence east to the place of beginning. 

Liberty Township began at the northeast corner of Township 85, Range 
'2^^ ; thence west to the western boundary of the county ; thence south on the 
western line to the southwest corner of Township 84, Range 20 ; thence east 




BANKER, MARSHALLTOWN 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 341 

on the township line to the southeast corner of that township ; thence north 
on the township line to the place of beginning. 

Eden Township began at the northeast corner of Township 83, Range 20 ; 
thence west to the western boundary of the county ; thence south to the south- 
west corner of the county ; thence east to the southeast corner of Township 
SO, Range 20 : thence north on the township line to the place of beginning. 

G-reen Castle Township was composed of Congressional Township 82 north, 
Range 17 west, and was organized in 185G. 

Vienna Township was composed of Congressional Township 85 north, 
Range 17 west, and the east six sections of Township 85 north. Range 18 west. 

Washington Township, the second so named in the county, the first having 
been abolished by the court in 185-3, was created in 1859, and was composed of 
Towns 82 and 83 north. Range 19 west. 

Timber Creek Toivnship was created in 1861 out of Town 83 north. Range 
18 west. 

State Center Township was created in 1866 from Town 83 north, Range 20 west. 

Logan Township was created in 1869 from Town 82 north. Range 19 west. 

Liscomb Township was created in 1869 from Sections 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 
9. 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23, Town 85, Range 18, and 
Sections 1, 2, 11, 12, 13, 14, 23 and 24, Town 85, Range 19. 

Taylor Township was created in 1871, from Sections 1, 2, 3, east half of 4, 
east half of 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and the north half of Sections 21, 
52, 23 and 24, in Town 84, Range 18. 

The present formation of the townships of the county is as follows : 

Vienna remains as originally defined and herein described. 

Liscomb as originally defined. 

Bangor consists of the four west tiers of Town 85, Range 19, except the 
■east half of Section 27, and the northeast quarter of Section 34. 

Liberty is Town 85, Range 20. 

Minerva is Town 84, Range 20. 

Marietta is Town 84, Range 19, except Section 1 thereof; and Sections 17, 
18, 19 and 20 of Town 84, Range 18. 

Iowa was changed, in 1869, and made from the following irregular terri- 
tory : Sections 26 to 35, Town 85, Range 18 ; Sections 25, 26, 35 and 36 and 
the east half of Section 27 and the northeast quarter of Section 34, Town 85, 
Range 19 ; Section 1, Town 84, Range 19 ; and Sections 5, 6, 7 and 8, and 
the west half of Sectipn 4 and the west half of Section 9, Town 84, Range 18. 

Taylor remains as herein described as original formation. 

Marion is Town 84, Range 17, excepting Sections 30, 31 and 32. 

Le Grand is Town 83, Range 17. 

Timber Creek is Town 83, Range 18. 

Washington is Town 83, Range 19. 

State Center is Town 83, Range 20. 

Eden is Town 82, Range 20. 

Logan is Town 82, Range 19. 

Jefferson is Town -^2, Range 18. 

Green Castle is Town 82, Range 17. 

Marshall is composed of Sections 30, 31 and 32,, Town 84, Range 17; tne 
south half of Sections 21, 22, 23 and 24, and all of Sections 25 to 36, inclu- 
sive of Town 84, Range 18. An effort is about to be made to erect a township, 
to be called Linn, from this territory, excepting the incorporated limits of Mar- 
shalltown. situated therein. 



342 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 



ELECTION. 



The first election held in Marshall County took place on the 7th of x'Vugust.. 

1848. Marshall was then an unorganized territory, and was attached to Jasper 
County for judicial and revenue purposes. There is no record of the election extant, 
except the certificate of the election of David E. Cooper, as Constable. Mr. 
Cooper lived on Timber Creek. The entire county is spoken of in the Certificate 
as " Minerva Township," but the designation of this county by that title had no 
reference to that portion of the county so called at the time of organization, in 

1849. The county was divided at its organization into two polling precincts, 
the northern half being styled Minerva Creek Township, and the southern half 
Jefferson Township. 

Below is given a copy of the certificate referred to : 

Statk of Iowa, ) 

.Jasper County, \ ' I, Jesse Hickman, Clerk of the Board of County Commissioners of said 
county, do liereby certify that at an election held in and for the Township of Minerva Creek, in 
the attached part of said county, on the 7th day of August, A. D. 1848, David E. Cooper was 
then duly elected a Constable in and for said township. 

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of said Board, this 
[seal.] 10th day of August, A. D. 1848. .Jesse Rickman, 

Clerk of the Board of County Commissioners of Jasper County, Iowa. 

On the back of the certificate is the following resignation : 

September 4, 1849. 

I do herewith resign my office as Constable (by the authority of the within certiticate). 

David E. Cooper, 

Constable. 

Under the general law which provided for the appointment of an Organizing 
Sheriff by the District Judge, and authorized the said Sherifi' to conduct the 
work of organizing the county, Joseph M. Ferguson was duly appointed Organ- 
izing Sheriff in the Summer of 1849. 

The records of organization are very imperfect. But few of the papers can 
be found. The timely research now made among the scattered archives and the 
interviews had with the remaining pioneers fortunately rescue from oblivion the 
important events of those early days. 

The townships of Minerva Creek and Jefferson were created by Sheriff 
Ferguson, and an election ordered for the 6th day of August, 1849. The poll 
lists are in existence, and from them it is learned who were in the county at 
that time and (jualified to vote. 

In the northern precinct of Minerva Creek there were seventeen votes cast,, 
by the following persons : William Ballard, Washington Asher, John T. Duke,, 
John Ballard, John Coy, William Coddington, William Peterman, Isaac Asher, 
James Asher, Jesse Amos, Joshua Kemp, Carpenter Gear, Moses Lacey, Philip 
Ballard, G. W. Halley, Thomas Pearson, Shelton Gear. 

The polls were located at the house of Geo. W. Halley. Joshua Kemp, as 
Justice of the Peace, swore in two of the Judges of Election, who were Philip 
Ballard and G. W. Halley. Mr. Kemp acted as the third Judge. Shelton 
Gear and Thomas Pearson served as Clerks. 

The signature of Justice Kemp to this document proves that he was a Jus- 
tice prior to the organizing election, and must have been elected or appointed 
while the county was a part of Jasper. 

The polls for Jefferson Township were located at the house of Joseph Cooper. 
The Judges of Election were : Joseph Cooper, William J. Asher and David E. 
Cooper William C. Smith and J. M. Ferguson acted as Clerks. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 348 

There were eleven votes cast, and by the following named persons : William 
C. Smith, J. M. Ferguson, D. E. Cooper, A. J. Smith, Wm. E. Alexander, 
Samuel Davidson, Blakeley Brush, Joseph C. Davidson, Joseph Cooper, Wm. 
J. Asher, Alvin Adkins. 

The returns from Minerva Creek Township are indorsed, in the handwriting 
of Mr. Ferguson : " Incorrect, but filed August 15, 1849. J. M. Ferguson. 
Organizing Sheriff." 

Wherein they err is not explained ; but it may account for the fact that the 
list of the officers actually shown to have been elected does not tally with that 
of the officers certified to. 

The officers declared elected were: J. M. Ferguson, Sheriff; Joseph 
Cooper, Jesse Amos and James Miller, County Commissioners ; Wm. C. Smith, 
Clerk of the Board of County Commissioners ; David E. Cooper, Clerk of the 
District Court ; Zeno B. Freeman, County Treasurer, and A. J. Smith and 
Joshua Kemp, Justices of the Peace. 

The vote on Sheriff was a tie, if we may rely on the official poll lists. In 
Jefferson Township, Mr. Ferguson received ten votes, evidently refraining from 
voting for himself. In Minerva Creek, he received three votes, and Moses 
Lacey received thirteen, thus defeating a choice. On this point we mention the 
statement of Mr. Weatherly, who declares that Moses Lacey was the first elected 
Sheriff 

Judge W. C. Smith, on the other hand, claims that Mr. Ferguson was 
finally the recipient of the honor. Since Mr. Smith was here at the time, his 
testimony is probably the more reliable. The records bear out Mr. Weatherly, 
but the memory of Mr. Smith is not to be lightly regarded. He asserts that 
the tie vote was decided in favor of Mr. Ferguson by the two candidates " draw- 
ing cuts." 

W. C. Smith was chosen Commissioners' Clerk by a unanimous vote, twenty 
ballots being cast for him. 

On the question of Commissioners there is conflict. The list shows that 
Jesse Amos received twenty-six votes, and Joseph Cooper twenty-six votes, 
without opposition ; but the third place was contested. Thomas Gordon re- 
ceived ten, and James Miller, sixteen votes. Accepting this record, in the 
absence of positive recollection on this point, we state James Miller as the suc- 
cessful candidate. 

Samuel Davidson, for Prosecuting Attorney, received twenty-seven votes, 
without opposition. 

Thomas Gordon obtained fifteen, and Shelby Wyatt seven votes, for Recorder. 

Joshua Kemp received twenty-five ballots for Judge of Probate, and also 
fifteen as Justice of the Peace for Minerva Creek Township. 

A. J. Smith was elected Justice for Jefferson Township. 

Thomas Pearson was elected Coroner, and George W. Halley, Constable, of 
Minerva Creek ; and William Coddington and Blakely Brush to the same 
offices, respectively; in Jefferson. 

Following are copies of the election certificates for a portion of the first 
officers, no other certificates being found : 

State of Iowa, Marshall Bounty, ss.: I, David E. Cooper, do solemnly swear that I will 
support the Constitution of the United States, and the Constitution of the State of Iowa, and in 
every respect discharge the duties of District Clerk faithfully and to the best of my ability, so 
help me God. David E. Cooper. 

Subscribed and sworn to before me, this 25th day of August, A. D. 1849. 

.7. M. Ferguson, 
Organizing Sheriff of Marshall County, Iowa. 



344 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

Know all men l.y these Presents, That we, William C. Smith, J. M. Ferguson, D. E. Cooper, 
A J Smith and John T. Campbell, of Marshall County, Iowa, are held and firmly bound unto 
the State of Iowa in the penal sum of two thousand dollars, the payment whereof we bind our 
heirs, executors and administrators, severally, jointly, firmly by these presents, sealed with our 
seals,' and dated this 22d day of August, A. D. 1849. 

The condition of the above obligation is such that. Whereas, the said William C. Smith was 
duly elected Commissioners' Clerk of the county aforesaid. Now, if the said Smith will well and 
faithfully perform all the duties of the said office, then the above obligation to be null and void ; 
otherwise, to be and remain in full force and virtue in law. 



William C. Smith, 



;Seal.] 



J. M. Fergi'son, [Seal.] 



D. E. COOPEB, 



A. J. Smith, [Seal.] 



John T. Campbell. 



Seal.] 



;Seal.] 



The following indorsement appears upon this : 

State of Iowa, Marshall County, ss.: I, William C. Smith, do solemnly swear that I will 
faithfully and impartially discharge the duties of Commissioners' Clerk of the aforesaid county 
to the best of my ability, so help me God. William C. Smith. 

Subscribed and sworn to before me, this 22d day of August, A. D. 1840. 

J. M. Ferguson, 
Organizing Sheriff of Marshall County, Iowa. 

State of Iowa, Marshall County, ss : I, J. M. Ferguson, Organizing Sheriff of said 
county, do hereby certify that at an election held on the 6th day of August, A. D. 1849, in 
the township of Jeflerson, in said county, Andrew J. Smith was duly elected a Justice of the 
Peace. 

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 15th day of August, A. D. 
1849. J. M. Ferguson, 

Organizing Sheriff of Marshall County, Iowa. 

The following indorsement is upon this : 

State of Iowa, Marshall County, ss. : I, A. J. Smith, do solemnly swear that I will 
support the Constitution of the United States, the Constitution and Laws of the State of Iowa, 
that I will administer justice without respect to persons, and faithfully and impartially discharge 
and perform all the duties incumbent upon me as a Justice of the Peace, according to the best 
of my understanding ; so help me God. Andrew J. Smith. 

Subscribed and sworn to before me this 1st day of September, A D. 1849, 

D. E. Cooper, 
Clerk of District Court. Marshall County, Iowa. 

On a separate slip of paper is found the following resignation : 

Notice is hereby given to the Clerk of Board of Commissioners of Marshall County, Iowa, 
that I have this day resigned my office as Justice of the Peace in and for Jefferson Township, 
this oth day of October, A. D. 1850. Andrew J. Smith. 

State of Iowa, Marshall County, ss. : I, J. M. Ferguson, Organizing Sheriff of said 
county, do certify that an election, held in said county on the 6th day of August, A. D. 1849, 
Joshua Kemp was then duly elected Probate Judge of said countj'. 

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 14th day of August, A. D. 
1847. J- M. Fergu.son, 

Organizing Sheriff of Marshall County, Iowa. 

On the back of the certificate appears the following oath of ofiice : 

State of Iowa, Marshall County, ss. : Y'ou do solemnly swear that you will sup- 
port the Constitution of the United States, and the Constitution of the State of Iowa, and in 
every respect discharge the duties of Probate Judge faithfully, and to the best of your ability, 
80 help you God. 

Sept. Ist, A. D. 1847. 

The within named Joshua Kemp was duly sworn into office by me. 

D. E. CooPEB, Clerk of District Court. 
The above oath recorded September 1st, A. D. 1849. 

D. E. Cooper, 
Clerk of District Court, Marshall County, Iowa. 

Written on one corner of the slip is the following resignation : 

By the powers of the within certificate, [ resign my office as Probate Judge. 

Joshua Kemp. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 



345 



The second election was held in the Summer of 1851. The law abolish- 
ing the Commissioner system of government and inaugurating that of County 
Judge had come into force, and under its provisions the election was held with 
the following result : 

John B. Hobbs, County Judge ; Jacob Hauser, Clerk of the District Court ; 
J. M. Ferguson, School Fund Commissioner; W. H. Weatherly, Sheriff; 
George Atwater, Prosecuting i\ttorney. 

At the April election, 1852, the following oflficers were chosen : 

J. M. Ferguson, School Fund Commissioner ; Mahlon Woodward, Treas- 
urer and Recorder ; Simon L. Baker, Coroner. 

Prior to the August election, in 1852, another township had been created, 
known as Iowa River Township. Ten votes were cast therein at the August 
election. There were seventy votes polled in the county at that time on the 
State and Congressional ticket. For the county ticket, there were eighty-four 
votes cast. The following county officers were elected : 

William Dishon, Clerk of District Court ; Moses Lacey, Supervisor ; Geo. 
Atwater, Prosecuting Attorney. 

The first Presidential election ever held in the county took place November 
2, 1852. The list of townships had been largely increased under the system 
of Judge. A transcript of the official returns is here preserved : 

Abstract of the votes cast in the county of Marshall, State of Iowa, in the respective town- 
ships thereof, on the 2d day of November, A. D. 1852, for the offices of State Electors to choose 
a President and Vice President of the United States of America : 





First Congressional District. 


Second Congressional District. 


Townships or Precincts. 


1 
o 


OS 
4 


Thomas E. Claggett. 
John P. Finley. 


a 

3 
be 

3 
< 


■a 
§ 

1 

B 


a 
o 
£ 
« 
•a 
a 
« 

a 


a 


Economy 


11 

7 

10 



i 
11 


11 

7 

10 

9 

4 

11 


11 11 
1 1 

5 5 
8 8 

6 6 


11 11 


11 
1 
5 

8 
6 


11 


Iowa 


7 

10 

9 

4 

11 


7 

h\ 

9 

4 

11 


1 


.Teiferson 


5 


Marietta 


8 


Minerva 


6 
















Total 


52 


52 


31 31 


52 


52 ;^i 


31 











April 4, 1853, William C. Smith was elected County Judge, to fill the 
vacancy caused by the resignation of John B. Hobbs ; J. B. Hughes, Surveyor ; 
Peter Collins. Drain Commissioner. 

April 3, 1854, J. M. Ferguson was elected School Fund Commissioner ; 
Delos Arnold, Prosecuting Attorney ; William H. Howard, Surveyor. 

August 6, 1855, William C. Smith was re-elected County Judge ; William 
H, Weatherly, Sheriff; Thomas Mercer, Treasurer and Recorder; H. H. Sey- 
mour, Drain Commissioner ; W. H. Minord, Surveyor ; Jefferson C. Crook- 
ham, Coroner. 

August, 1856, James L. Williams was elected District Court Clerk ; Will- 
iam P. Hepburn, Prosecuting Attorney ; Frederick Baum, Surveyor. 

August 3, 1857, L. L. Harris was chosen Sheriff ; William Bremner, Sur- 
veyor; William H. Lindsey, Coroner. At the Spring election, E. N. Chapin 
had been elected Drainage Commissioner, and N. C. Smith, County Assessor. 



346 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

At the August election, the people voted upon the proposition to strike the 
word "white " from the suffrage clause of the State Constitution. The ballot 
stood 324 against the extension of suffrage and 157 in favor of it in this 
county. 

At the April election, 1855, the people voted upon the question of allowing 
swine to run at large in the county- Following is the vote by townships : 

For the Law Against the'Law 
Towns. Rostraiuing. Restraining. 

Iowa 50 24 

Liberty 10 11 

Marietta 31 16 

Bangor .' 25 8 

Marshall 48 1 

Le Gniiid 34 3 

Jefferson 4 25 

Eden 12 2 

Minerva 31 12 

Total 245 102 

Appended is a list of the county officers from the year 1858 to the present 
time, with the date of their election : 

Clerk of IHstriet t'owr^.— James L. Williams, 1858 to 1870 ; Preston M. 
Sutton, 1870 ; F. M. Thomas, 1872 ; Edward R. Jones, 1874. 

Superintendent of Schools. — J. J. Teagarden, 1858 ; S. W. Griffin, 1859 ; 
A. M. Geiger, 1861*; Cyrus H. Shaw, 1863; Thomas J. Wilson, 1867 ; Cyrus 
H. Shaw, 1869 ; Miss Abbie Gifford, 1873 ; W. W. Spear, 1877. 

County Judge. — William Battin, 1859; R. Howe Taylor, 1861; Edwin 
A. Rice, 1863 ; T. A. Lampman, 1865. 

The office of County Judge was abolished in 1861, so fjir as the same per- 
tained to the general business of the county ; but the name was retained in con- 
nection with the office of Probate Judge, and so continued until the act of the 
Legislature, approved April 7, 1868, which entirely abolished the office and 
transferred the duties to the Auditor. Mr. Lampman served as Auditor ad 
interim. 

County Auditor. — Jabez Banbury, 1869; Alfred N. French, 1873. 

-S'/^mf.— Edwin W. Lockwood, 1859; William PI. Weatherly, 1863; 
Thomas E. McCracken, 1865 ; J. L. Herbert, 1869 ; E. C. McMillan, 1878 ; 
George S. Hickox, 1875. 

Recorder and Treasurer. — Thomas Schofield, 1859 ; R. Howe Taylor, 
1863. 

Recorder. — John Turner, 1864; A. J. Cooper, 1866; Francis M. Thomas, 
1868; N. C. Messenger, 1872. 

Treasurer. — H. A. Gerhart, 1865 to 1875. Mr. Gerhart became involved 
in his accounts, legal proceedings on which are still pending. In 1875, Byron 
A. Beson entered upon the duties of the office to fill Gerhart's unexpired term, 
caused by the latter's death, and was elected to the place in 1876. He is the 
present incumbent. 

Survci/or. — William H. Howard, 1859 ; James Thompson, 1861 ; Archi- 
bald Allison, 1863 : William Bremner, 1865 to date. 

Coroner.— Dayid Clark, 1858; T.P.Marshall, 1859; C.Brown, 1861: 
D. T. Rickev, 1863 ; W. B. Walters, 1865 ; B. F. Kierulff, 1869 ; W. B. 
Walters, 1871 ; James Lang, 1873; S. E. B. Holt, 1875. 

[drainage Coinmissioncr. — Thomas Purnell, 1859; Abram Wickersham, 
l.^l; J. C. Bently, 1863. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 347 

The Supervisor system of government began in 1861, and continued for ten 
years. The following list of township representatives exhibits the delegations 
by years, naming the localities from which each delegate came : 

For 1861 — William A. Weatherly, Marietta ; William Battin, Marshall ; 
Henry Bevins, Liberty; R. McRill, Iowa; S. T. Bently, Bangor ; Geo. Ham- 
bleton, Minerva ; C. B. Rhodes, Eden ; P. M. Scroggins, Jeft'erson ; J. M. 
Ferguson, Timber Creek; William Fallas, Vienna; P. Jones, Le Grand; E. 
Hilsabeck, Green Castle ; Samuel Waltz, Marion ; A. Butter, Washington. 

Abner Wickersham was appointed as the member from Washington, vice A. 
Butter, deceased. Levi Saylor was appointed as the member from Marion, vice 
Samuel Waltz, removed from county. 

For 1862 — J. M. Ferguson, Timber Creek ; P. M. Scroggins, Jefferson ; 
E. Hilsabeck, Green Castle; Samuel Monnerny, Washington; C B. Rhodes, 
Eden ; W. Spence, Minerva ; G. Wheeler, Iowa ; Joel Brock, Marion ; W. 
Fallas, Vienna ; Hiram Hammond, Le Grand ; Jacob Rumdall, Marietta ; 
William Battin, Marshall ; Hiram Bevins, Liberty ; S. T. Bently, Bangor. 

Giles Duncan to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of G. Wheeler, from 
Iowa Township. 

For 1863 — C. B. Rhodes, Eden ; H. Hammond, Le Grand ; E. Hilsabeck, 
Green Castle ; A. B. Masterson, Timber Creek ; J. H. Marsh, Marietta ; J. 
Kinzer, Liberty ; S. T. Bently, Bangor ; Giles Duncan, Iowa ; Samuel Richey, 
Vienna ; W. Dunlap, Washington ; W. Spence, Minerva ; P. M. Scroggins, 
Jefferson; C. Taft, Marion; W. Battin, Marshall. 

For 1864 — John H. Marsh, Marietta ; P. M. Scroggins, Jefferson ; W. C. 
Smith, Green Castle ; S. T. Bently, Bangor ; W. Spence, Minerva ; Samuel 
Beson, Iowa ; W. Battin, Marshall ; S. Richey, Vienna ; W. D. Dunlap, 
Washington; J. Kinzer, Liberty; C. Taft, Marion; A. B. Masterson, Tim- 
ber Creek; P. A. Asher, Eden; H. Hanimond, Le Grand. 

Joseph Glaspy was a representative from Jeflerson, vice P. M. Scrog- 
gins. 

For 1865— William Battin, Marshall; W. C. Smith, Green Castle; C. 
Brown, Washington; J. R. Howard, Liberty; C. A. Haskins, Le Grand; Jacob 
Whealen, Marietta; P. A. Culver, Eden; E. J. Coffin, Bangor; W. Botson, 
Jefferson; N. C. Gibson, Marion; S. Richey, Vienna; S. Beson, Iowa; A. B. 
Masterson, Timber Creek ; G. P. Burkholder, Minerva. 

For 1866— J. M. Rhodes, Eden ; C. A. Haskins, Le Grand: J. B. Cripps, 
Iowa; G. W. S. Michael, Jefferson; E.J, Coffin, Bangor; E. Hilsabeck, 
Green Castle; J. Whealen, Marietta; C. Brown, Washington; G. P. Burk- 
holder, Minesva: S. Richey, Vienna; J. R. Howard, Liberty; Thomas Mercer, 
Marshall; N. C. Gibson, Marion; A. B. Masterson, Timber Creek. 

For 1867— N. C. Gibson, Marion; J. M. Rhodes, Eden; J. R. Howard, 
Liberty; E. J. Coffin, Bangor; W. E. Alexander, Minerva; C. Brown, Wash- 
ington; J. B. Cripps, Iowa; Thomas Mercer, Marshall; S. Richey, Vienna; 
S. T. Mote, Le Grand; James Price, State Center; G. W. S. Michael, Jeffer- 
son; A. B. Masterson, Timber Creek; Jacob Whealen, Marietta: B. Hilsa- 
l)eck, Green Castle. 

For 1868 — Thomas Mercer. Marshall ; A. B. Masterson, Timber Creek ; 
E. J. Coffin, Bangor ; S. Richey, Vienna ; W. D. Alexander, Minerva ; N. C. 
Gibson, Marion ; Jacob Whealen, Marietta : S. T. Mote, Le Grand ; J. R. 
Howard, Liberty ; C B. Rhodes, Eden ; Samuel Beson, Iowa ; C. Wyatt, 
Washington ; Seth ^ Smith, Jefferson ; W. Barnes, State Center ; J. Seagar, 
Green Castle. 



348 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 



For 1869— J. C. Hopkins, Marion; E. J. Coffin, Bangor; S. Ricliej,. 
Vienna ; Seth Smith, Jeft'erson ; Jacob Whealen, Marietta ; A, B. Masterson, 
Timber Creek ; E. K. Wyatt, Washington ; E. N. Chapm, Marshall ; W. H. 
demons, Minerva ; John Seagar, Green Castle ; Jacob Kinzer, Liberty ; John 
Jeroleman, State Center; C. B. Rhodes, Eden; S. T. Mote, Le Grand; Sam- 
uel Beson, Iowa. 

For 1870— E. J. CofiGn, Bangor ; Jacob Whealen, Marietta ; A. B. Mas- 
terson, Timber Creek ; E. N. Chapin, Marshall ; William H. Clemons, Min- 
erva ; Jacob Kinzer, Liberty ; Samuel T. Mote, Le Grand ; J. C. Hopkins, 
Marion ; G. S. Wilber, Vienna ; George Currey, Eden ; E. A. McMillan, 
Iowa ; J. Reed, Green Castle ; Samuel Beson, Liscomb ; Nathaniel S. Ford, 
Logan ; Wm. G. Crary, AVashington ; S, Smith, Jefferson ; John Jeroleman, 
S'ate Center. 

Subject to an act of the Thirteenth General Assembly of Iowa, entitled 
'• An act to amend Article 11 of Chapter 22 of the Revision of 1860, creating 
a Board of Supervisors, and acts amendatory thereto," contains the following : 
" That on and after the 1st day of January, 1871, the Board of Supervisors of 
each organizing county shall consist of three persons. . . . The Supervisors 
shall be qualified electors, and shall be elected by the qualified voters of their 
respective counties, at the annual election in each year, and shall hold their 
offices for three years, except as hereinafter provided, and are hereby author- 
ized and empowered to do and perform all such duties as are done and per- 
formed by the present Board of Supervisors." The law further stated that one 
member should serve one year, one two years, and one three years. 

Subject to the above law, the three following-named gentlemen were elected : 
R. Howe Taylor, Marshall ; Samuel T. Mote, Le Grand ; E. J. Coffin, 
Bangor (2). 

For 1872— S. T. Mote, Le Grand ; E. J. Coffin Bangor ; John Turner, 
Marshall. 

For 1873— Samuel T. Mote, Le Grand; E. J. Coffin, Bangor; Wm. 
H. Steward, Taylor. 

Steward, Taylor ; 



H. 



E. J. Coffin. Bangor ; Thoma& 



H. 



H. 



Steward, Taylor ; 
Steward, Taylor ; 
Steward, Tavlor ; 



Thomas Schofield, Le Grand ; 
J. G. Brown, Logan ; E. P. 
J. G. Brown, Logan ; E. P. 



For 1874— Wm 
Schofield, Le Grand, 

For 1875— Wm 
J. G. Brown, Logan 

For 1876— Wm, 
Thompson, State Center. 

For 1877— Wm. H 
Thompson, State Center, 

For 1878— Wm. H. Steward, Taylor; E. P. Thompson, State Center; 
George Hammond, Le Grand. 

Marsliall County has been represented in tlie State Legislature by the 
following gentlemen : 

SENATORS. 

1850, Phineas M. Casaday ; 1852, Andrew Y. Hull; 1854, Theophilus 
Bryan, elected for four years, but election contested by James C. Jordan, who 
succeeded in gaining his seat over Bryan, January 8, 1856. The District was 
changed, and at the general electon in 1856, Josiah B. Grinnell was chosen for 
four years. In 1857, the District was again clianged, and A. M. Pattison 
represented Marshall and Jasper during '58, '60 and "62. 1864, Henry C. Hen- 
derson ; 1868, Wells S. Rice; 1872, R. Howe Taylor; 1876, Delos Arnold. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 349 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

At the session of 1850, this county was a part of the District represented 
by Lysander W. Babbitt and Edwin R. Guiberson. In 1852, by J. F. Rice; 
Joseph C. Goodson and Benjamin Green ; in 1854, by Samuel B. McCall ; in 
1856, by Delos Arnold; in 1858, by T. Walter Jackson ; in 1860, by William 
Bremner ; in 1862, by Thomas Mercer ; in 1864, by 0. F. Hixson ; in 1866, 
by T. J. Wilson ; in 1868, by B. W. Johnson; in 1870, by Delos Arnold; in 
1872, by James L. AVilliams; in 1874, by W. D. Mills. 



THE FIRST COURTS. 

The first session of the District Court in this county was held in the house 
of William Ralls, in a log cabin owned by him in the edge of the woods, just 
north of the present site of Marshalltown, in the Fall of 1851. Judge William 
McKay presided. 

The county was attached to the Fifth Judicial District. The business -of 
the court at that session was merely nominal. There were present several 
lawyers who afterward became well-known in political and judicial circles. 
Among them were Enoch W. Eastman, subsequently Lieutenant Governor of 
the State ; William Seevers, of the Supreme Court, and others. 

The house in which the court met Avas situated near the present residence of 
William H. Weatherly. 

The officers of the court were Jacob Hauser, Clerk : William H. Weatherly, 
Sheriif. The latter entered upon the duties of his office on the first day of the 
session. John Crocker and N. M. Crocker, of Des Moines, Daniel 0. Finch 
and Mr. Young ; the latter acted as District Attorney. 

There was no petit jury draAvn. The grand jury consisted of Isaac Meyer, 
James Asher, F. M. Clifton, Green Ralls, William E. Stout, Thomas S. Brown, 
Riley Majors, Blakeley Brush, Thomas M. Wimberly, Hiram Lackey, Mahlon 
Woodward, James Pearson, Wells Titcomb, Richard Westlake and James F. 
Hestwood. Mahlon Woodward was chosen Foreman. The jury were instructed 
as to their duties and given into the charge of Moses Lacey. They retired to a 
secluded spot in the woods and there proceeded Avith the solemn business of the 
hour. They returned to court and reported that they could find nothing to do. 

The docket of the court consists of eleven sheets of foolscap paper stitched 
together ; the writing is now dim, and the paper is yellow with age. 

The first case of record is that of William Davidson vs. Rebecca Davidson, 
a suit for divorce. It is remembered that when the complainant rode up to the 
house of Ralls on horseback, Mrs. Davidson observed: ''La! Old Billy thinks 
he's going to git a divorce, anyhow. See how straight he sits up!" The 
woman was right; a divorce was granted. 

The incidents related of the lawyers who assembled at this first term, show 
more forcibly than the formal records do, the style of living and the peculiari- 
ties of the early days. It is said that Governor Eastman aided in cutting gi'ass 
for the horses owned by the party, and that Judge Seevers jocosely assured him 
he was better at making windrows than speeches. 

The dignified court slept over the one living-room, parlor, court-room and 
kitchen, which composed the cabin of Mr. Ralls. The men swung themselves 
up among the rafters and climbed into a gable end of the cabin. There they 
laid their honorable heads to rest, and possibly dreamed of future prosperity and 
professional success. 



350 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

There were only two cases that received any attention at this term. The 
other case wa.s that of Alexander Smith against Greenburg Haggans. The 
Court ordered that the defendant have and recover of the plaintiff his costs, 
consisting of §22.68, and that the case be dismissed. 

The first trial by jury in this court that the writer finds, was in the case of 
Penny against Wright, at the September term, 1854. There may possibly have 
been jury trials prior to this period, but no record exist to show such a thing. 

Henry Dunn, at this term, declared his intention on oath, that it was his 
botta iide intention to become a citizen of the United States, and to renounce all 
allegiance and fidelity to all and any foreign prince, potentate, State and sover- 
eignty whatever, and particularly to Victoria, reigning Queen of Great Britain. 

The first criminal trial in this court was in the case of The People vs. James 
Reed, indicted for an assault Avith intent to kill ; Arnold and Finch for the 
State, and Foster and Templin for the defendant. He was convicted of an 
assault. 

The District Judges who have presided over the court in this county are : 
William McKay. Charles J. McFarland, James D. Thompson, John Porter, 
Daniel D. Chase and Isaac J. Mitchell. 

CIRCUIT COURT. 

Subject to an act of the General Assembly, approved April 3, 1868, estab- 
lishing Circuit and General Term Courts and defining their powers and juris- 
dictions, the first term of the Circuit Court for Marshall County convened in 
the Court House, in Marshalltown, on the 1st day of February, 1869, Hon. 
Henry Hudson, Judge presiding ; J. H. Bradley, District Attorney ; G. S. 
McCracken, Sheriff, and A. P. Williams, Clerk. 

The first petit jury in this court were as follows : W. D. Inglehue, Tho- 
mas Cole, E. Willigrod, W. Billings, M. H. Wright, Merrick McCloskey, 
Henly Thomas, A. F. Culver, Levi Saylor, J. F. Cooper, John Goshen, M. 
Johnston and V. V. Draper. 

The first case of record in this court was the case of John Turner & Co. 
against Hiram Willard, which resulted in a verdict for the plaintiff. 



FISCAL RECORDS. 

The historian is dependent upon stray sheets and chance documents for in- 
formation relative to the fii'st year's monetary transactions. The Commis- 
sioners' Court Records are so carefully laid by that they are altogether beyond 
the reach of the most patient searcher. 

There is a slight conflict between the recollection of Judge Smith and the 
oldest written evidence of the meeting of the first Commissioners. Mr. Smith 
was Clerk of the Board and attested the proceedings of that primal meeting. 
His present impression is that the first session was held at the house of Jesse 
Amos, in the now Bangor Township, in December, 1849 ; but the time-stained 
paper before the writer reads as follows : 

To the Treasurer of Marshall County, State of Iowa : 

Numher of county orders issued in Marshall County, State of Iowa, at ih^ first term of Com- 
missioners' Court of said county, January 7, 1S50 : 

To William .J. Asher, for services as .Judge of Election $1 00 

To .Joseph M. Ferguson, for advertising election To 

To Josepli M. Ferguson, filing returns of election 60 

To Joseph M. Ferguson, issuing certificates of election 4 25 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 351 

To Joseph M. Ferguson, services as Clerk of Election $1 00 

To William C. Smith, for services as Clerk of Election 1 00 

To AYilliam C. Smith, for paper furnished for use of Boai-d 32 

To Joseph Cooper, for services as Judge of Election 1 00 

To David E. Cooper, for services as Judge of Election 1 00 

To Jesse Amos, for one day's service in term 2 50 

To Joseph Cooper, for one day's service in term 2 50 

To William C. Smith, for one day's service in term as Clerk 2 50 

Attest, William C. Smith, 

[seal.] Clerk Board County Commissioners, Marshall Co., Iowa. 

The foregoing substantiates two points claimed by the writer : (1.) The 
business transacted by the Board was solely relative to the first election, prov- 
ing that no other prior session of the Board had been held, at which the first 
election expense bills were audited, and aflBrming this as the first meeting ever 
held, as is also declared in the title of the Clerk's minutes ; and (2) that the 
session was brief, as one day's service was allowed each member. This brevity 
is in itself a sufficient reason to cause confusion of recollection on the part of 
Mr. Smith, especially in the absence of written evidence. 

On the strength of this document, it is here given as fact that the first ses- 
sion of the Commissioners' Court was held at the house of Jesse Amos, who 
located the northwest quarter of Section 28, Town 85 north, Range 19 west, on 
the 11th day of July, 1848, in what is now Bangor Township. There were 
but two Commissioners present, Joseph Cooper and Jesse Amos. The disputed 
point of whether James Miller or some other man was the third Commissioner, 
is not settled by this document before us. William C, Smith, as has been 
shown, was present as Clerk. 

The second session was held in April, 1850. The record of general busi- 
ness is still lacking, but the fiscal report supplies partial omissions. County 
orders fror^< No. 13 to No. 30 inclusive, were issued, and completed the list of 
Election Judges and Clerks who served at the first election, left uncompensated 
at the first session. Jesse Amos and Joseph Cooper were the only Commis- 
sioners present. 

The July term took up the work of issuing county orders with commendable 
devotion to business. There seems to have been still a few judges and clerks of 
election unprovided for, and these worthy gentlemen were relieved. The bal- 
ance of the work was pleasanter, for it consisted in voting $4 each to the Com- 
missioners and their Clerk. At this session, John J. Ferguson appears for the 
first time as a Commissioner. The county orders reached from No. 31 to No. 
50 inclusive, and were certified to bv Mr, Smith as the only orders issued prior 
to July 16, 1850. 

The Treasurer's certificate for 1850 is here given : 
State of Iowa, Mabshall County, ss. 

I, Zeno B. Freeman, Treasurer of said county, do hereby certify that I have received of 
\Vm. C. Smith, Clerk of the Board of Commissioners of said county, the tax list for the year A. 
D. 1850, one hundred and seven dollars fifty-eight cents and three mills, of which thirty-three 
dollars ninety-seven cents and five mills is due the State of Iowa. 

Given under my hand and seal this 19th day of August, A. D. 1850. 

[Seal.] Zeno B. Frekman, Treasurer of Marshall Co., Iowa. 

The next record in order is an undated paper, of which a transcript is 
made, with slight modifications in orthography : 

County funds expended, Marshall County and State of Iowa, A. D. 1850 : 
Wm. C Smith, Clerk of said County, one year and expended nothing. 
Made out tax list without cost. 

John B. Hobbs, Ex-County Judge, served 15 months and expended $260 00 

Jacob Hauser, Clerk of Marshall County, served 12 months and expended 
nothing. 



352 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

Wm. Dishon, Clerk of said County, and expended for paper $ 75 

George At water, former County Judge, served 5 months and expended : 

For books '. 40 00 

For county seal 6 00 

Paid for table 6 25 

I'aid for benches - 00 

For town plat 6 00 

Cash received belonging to the county §60 25 

Account filed against the county $25 00 40 00 

100 25 

After our readers have carefully studied the foregoing report, they will undoubt- 
edly ask wliat it means. We assure them sincerely that we do not know. It 
is our duty to give facts and not to instruct our readers in the mysteries of book- 
keeping in the early days. 

The first volume of records in the Treasurer's oflBce is composed of three 
sheets of foolscap paper, upon which are made entries by Mahlon Woodward, 
the first Treasurer, beginning with the date of December 1, 1851. The sheets 
are but partially written over in a loose manner, but cover a period of six months. 

The largest amount received from any one source is a fine collected by Sheriff 
Weatherly, February 28, 1851, from William and Margarette Peterman, for an 
" assault upon the person of William Coddington." The nature of the assault 
is not here stated. A copy of the entries would be scarcely intelligible at present. 

It will be observed that no mention is made of the receipts of money, but 
the allowance of Assessors' claims for service appear in the orders issued in 
1850. In the County Court minutes, also, is a list of orders, amounting to 
$46, drawn in favor of William H. Weatherly and Mahlon Woodward for work 
in " assessing property for 1852." 

The following order is the first of its kind met with in the records : 

State of Iowa, Marshall County : At a session of County Court held in the town of 
Marietta, on the 23d day of July, 1852, an order was given to levy a tax as follows : For State, 
one and one-lialf mills on the dollar ; for county purposes, five mills on the dollar : for road pur- 
poses, one mill on the dollar ; and one dollar of poll road tax : for school purposes, one mill on a 
dollar, on all the taxable property on the assessment roll, and also fifty cents poll tax on all 
persons twenty-one years of age, for county purposes. John B. Hobbs, County Judge. 

July the 28d, A. D. 1852. 

The following certificate is found on a single sheet : 

Notice is hereby given that I have issued county orders since the first day of September, A. 
D. 1852, to the amount of two hundred and fifty-seven dollars and forty cents, and have, in 
that time, canceled county orders to the amount of seventy eight dollars and forty cents; and 
that I have issued town orders to the amount of $126.94, and have on hand notes, and have can- 
celed orders to the amount of $35.00, leaving an indebtedness of $91.94, and have on hand 
$35.70 and 9 mills for road purposes. John B. Hobbs, County Judge. 

From the year 1853, the financial statements are clear and easily compre- 
hended. The following report of the first year of Judge Smith's occupancy 
of the oilice is given : 

Receipts and Expenditures of the County of Mar.shatl, loiva, for the fiscal year ending July 5th, 
A.. U. ItyoS, 

The whole amount of warrants drawn on the Treasurer in the above is.... $645 55 
Of the above amount there were canceled at the July Term of said 

County Court 241 49 

Leaving of the amount issued last year not canceled 404 06 

The wliole amount of county warrants canceled at the July Term of said 

County Court 364 19 

.\mount of old warrants brought in and issued Sept. 7, A. D. 1850 65 54 

Showing an indebtedness of this county up to this date, to wit, Sept. 7, 

1853 469 60 

Wm. C. Smith. 
County Judge of .Marshall County, Iowa. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 353 



SOCIAL AND AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS. 

The first census taken in Marshall County was for the year 1850, that suc- 
ceeding the organization of the county. There were then 338 inhabitants. In 
1851, the number had increased to 454 ; in 1852, to 710 ; in 1854, to 1,607 ; 
in 1856, to 4,460. At this date the products had reached considerable dimen- 
sions. There were 15,704 acres of land under improvement, from which were 
harvested 2,515 tons of hay, 10 bushels of grass seed, 19,988 bushels of 
Spring wheat, 406 bushels of Winter wheat, 27,170 bushels of oats, 246,028 
bushels of corn, 16,795 bushels of potatoes. The stock product was valued at 
$13,633 for hogs, and $20,285 for cattle sold. There were 48,344 pounds of 
butter, and 2,675 pounds of cheese made, 4,105 pounds of wool clipped; and 
the domestic manufactures were valued at $3,062, and the general manufactures 
at $22,908. 

In 1859, the population had reached 5,713; in 1860,6,015; in 1863, 
7,550 ; in 1865, 8,759. In 1866, ten years after the foregoing report of pro- 
ducts, Marshall had 26 miles of railroads completed ; three institutions of 
learning above academy grade ; her manufactures amounted to $11,416 in 
value ; and $159,529 worth of farm machinery was returned in the census. 
There were 368,935 bushels of Spring wheat harvested, 280,892 bushels of 
oats, 727,015 bushels of corn, 855 bushels of rye, 251 bushels of Winter 
wheat, and 3,770 bushels of barley, 23,852 gallons of sorghum syrup, 1,720 
tons of tame hay, 49,492 bushels of potatoes, 2,851 bushels of onions, 188 
bushels of flax seed, 11,102 pounds of honey taken, 273,254 pounds of butter, 
and 21,291 pounds of cheese made, 108,451 pounds of wool clipped ; while 
the average per cent, of products to the acre was among the highest in the 
State. In stock raising it was crowding hard upon the older counties. 

In 1867, the population was 11,513; in 1869, 15,514; in 1870, 17,576; 
in 1873, 18,272 ; and by the last census, that of 1875, taken just a quarter of 
a century after the first census of the county, the following facts are shown : 

The total population of the county is 19,629. Of this number, 6,617 are 
natives of Iowa, and 10,551 are natives of other parts of the United States. 
There were at that time 6,129 children from 6 to 21 years. The voters num- 
bered 4,445, and the militia 3,234. 

The products of 1875 amounted to 1,125,382 bushels of Spring wheat, 
2,808,256 bushels of corn, 465,245 bushels of oats, 67,151 bushels of barley, 
and about 6,000 bushels of other small grains. There were 177,303 acres 
under cultivation. There were 34,792 bushels of flax seed harvested ; 7,709 
gallons of sorghum syrup made ; 13,106 tons of tame, and 21,570 tons of wild 
hay cut ; and 5,422 bushels of grass seed saved ; 166,211 bushels of potatoes, 
1,593 bushels of onions, 10,634 bushels of turnips, 2,953 bushels of beets, and 
1.507 bushels of pease and beans raised. While this cannot be called a preemi- 
nently fine fruit region, still there are many fine orchards and much fruit raised, 
especially apples and small fruits. Grapes grow well, but not equal in quantity 
to the more favored localities. There were 145,897 pounds gathered in 1875. 

The herd and dairy statistics indicate the natural advantages of the county. 
In 1874, there were 625,418 pounds of butter, and 5,083 pounds of cheese 
made ; while only 8,135 milch cows are reported. There were 66,311 gallons 
of milk sold in 1874. 

There were 56,553 hogs returned as on hand. In 1874, there were 41,509 
hogs marketed. It is somewhat suggestive that but 3,318 fine blooded hogs 



354 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 



were reported. This shows that the farmers are not fully awake to the benefits 
of good blood and more careful breeding. 

There were l:),24i» pounds of wool clipped, in 1874, from 7,062 sheep. 

The total value of the farm products in the county in 1874, was $2,368,678. 
Market garden products amounted to $19,152 ; orchard products, $15,099 ; small 
fruits, $18,528 ; herd products, $590,713 ; dairy, $141,945, and forest, $34,153. 

These figures show that the life of the county is in herd and dairy — espe- 
cially in hogs. The two interests — dairy and hogs — are inseparable, and are 
susceptible of limitless extension in this well-favored county. The broad prai- 
ries are just suited to pasturage; are well Avatered, well drained of stagnant 
pools, and suited in every way to these industries. Since Iowa butter has 
risen to the rank of A No. 1 in the Eastern markets, a grand possibility is 
presented to the husbandman here. The investment of capital in creameries is 
one of the most satisfactory that can be imagined in such a country as this. 

The county fulfills the promise of early days, and handsomely maintains its 
average of per cent, of productiveness. 

The county does not rank high as a manufacturing locality ; still, the class 
of industries already established are such as consume the native productions. 
In 1874, there were sixty-one factories, of all kinds, in the county, which con- 
sumed 27,000 cubic feet" of wood, 2,000 pounds of wool, 32,400 pounds of 
leather, 60,000 bushels of flax seed, 165,000 bushels of wheat, 27,000 bushels 
corn and 7,000 bushels of barley ; total value of raw materials used, $609,330. 

There was one coal mine, which turned out 600 tons, valued at $1,800, in 
1874 ; but the chief quarry interests are in building-stone, which aggregated 
$27,700 in 1874, and has since then been largely increased. 

There are four seminaries in the county. 

CENSUS OF MARSHALL COUNTY, AS RETURNED IN 1875. 



Albion, town of 

Bangor 

Eden 

Green Castle 

Iowa, exc. of Albion 

.JeflFerson 

Le Grand 

Liberty 

Liscomb, exc. of town 

Liscomb, town of. 

Logan 

Marietta, 

Marion 

Marshall, exc. of Marshalltown. 

Mincrvii 

State Centre, exc. town of 

State Centre, town of 

Taylor 

Timber Creek 

Vienna 

Washington 



Total 1 15245 5391 



POPULATION. 



•238 
442 
38U 
628 
233 
410 
815 
399 
302 
203 
234 
495 
459 
242 
378 
297 
413 
260 
373 
408 
455 



270 
402 
313 
525 
227 
349 
782 
357 
291 
1G9 
199 
421 
401 
233 
318 
236 
383 
227 
352 
336 
390 



NATIVITY. 



508 
844 
693 

1153 
460 
759 

1697 
756 
593 
372 
433 
916 
860 
475 
696 
533 
796 
487 
725 
744 
845 






176 
347 
239 
369 
212 
267 
575 
327 
232 
120 
137 
329 
343 
158 
262 
178 
185 
177 
263 
244 
251 



p. 5 






327 
474 

390 
604 

239 
389 
722 
381 
340 
245 
216 
510 
477 
215 
246 
303 
486 
299 
399 
448 
448 



23 
54 

180 
9 

103 

300 
48 
21 
7 
80 
77 
40 

102 

121 
52 

125 
11 
63 
44 

146 



138 
181 
159 
245 
95 
153 
312 
172- 
136 
97 
85 
202 
190 
108 
117 
115 
203 
106 
163 
185 
185 



8168 1611 3346 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 



355 



CENSUS OF MARSHALLTOWN, 1875. 





POPULATION. 


NATIVITY. 




Marshalltown, City of C. H. 


"3 


"3 
1 


■i 

1 


a 
g 


.5° 


a 
1 


S 

>■ 
o 

1 


First Ward 


476 
440 
709 
583 


480 
461 
675 
560 


956 

901 

1384 

1143 


247 
285 
367 
327 


525 
504 
734 
630 


185 
112 
283 
186 


224 


Second Ward 


219 


Third Ward 


328 


Fourth Ward 


328 






Total of City 






4884 


1226 


2398 


766 


1099 










Total of County 






19629 


6617 


10551 


2377 


4445 











THE COUNTY SEAT CONTEST. 

The location of the seat of justice produces more or less agitation in eveiy 
county ; but the excitement attending the settlement of this vexed question in 
Marshall County was never surpassed in the history of the State. 

The elaboration of this topic is one of the most delicate tasks that has fallen 
to the lot of the writer. He has endeavored to give facts and results, omitting 
unpleasant details of methods, and has conscientiously performed the duty 
assigned him. If the history falls short of the expectation of partisans, let it 
be borne in mind that we compile our record from an impartial stand-point. 
While it is true that the animosities of the olden time have greatly diminished, 
and the opposing factions mingle in unity and accept the judgments of the 
courts without murmur, it nevertheless becomes a most exacting task for one to 
preserve in consecutive form a true statement of the affair and avoid the impu- 
tation of partisanship. That such a motive is possible on our part, surely no 
man will contend. We shall try to give only the truth, gathered from a volu- 
minous mass of court records, as well as from individual recitals of incidents 
connected with the "war." 

The official records are full, and preserve the legal points of the case in 
undisputed accuracy ; but they do not point out the motives which actuated the 
leaders, or the many details of procedure which were the life and soul of the 
contest. We shall try not only to give a legal record, but also a history of 
the affair in such manner as to enlighten future generations on the subject, and 
retain what will soon become inaccessible — the stort/ of the fight. 

That blood was not shed during the controversy is a great marvel. Proba- 
bly the coolness and personal bravery of the leaders alone prevented a crimson 
shade being given to the history of the affair. 

It is necessary to begin this chapter by introducing an account of the loca- 
tion of the county seat at Marietta. 

For two years after the formal organization of Marshall County, a seat of 
justice was not designated. By an act of the General Assembly of the State 
of Iowa, approved January 21, 1851, Messrs. B. B. Berry, of Mahaska County; 
Manly Gifford, of Jasper County, and W. W. Miller, of Dallas County, were 
appointed Commissioners to perform that work. The act provided that those 
gentlemen should meet at some convenient point in this county on the third 



356 HISTORY OF ^MARSHALL COUNTY 

Monday of April, 1851, or within six months thereafter, and thence proceed to 
examine the various eligible localities in the county, and choose the one which, 
in their unbiased opinion, was the most suitable for the purposes for the present 
and future. 

The law was obeyed by Manly Gilford and W. W. Miller, a majority of the 
Commissioners, who met at the house of the Clerk of the District Court, Jacob 
Hauser, and there, on the 18th day of August, 1851, subscribed to the follow- 
ing oath : 

State of Iowa, Marshall County, ss : We, Manly Gifford and W. W. Miller, do solemnly 
swear that we have no interest, directly or indirectly, in the location of the county seat of Mar- 
shall County, and that we will faithfully and impartially locate the same according to the best 
interest of said county, taking into consideration the future as well as the present population of 
said county. So help you (sic) God. Manly Gifford, 

W. W. Miller. 

Subscribed and sworn to befoi-e me, this 18th day of August, A. D. 18.51. 

Jacob Hauser, 
Clerk of District Court of Marshall County, Iowa. 

After an examination of the county, the two Commissioners reported in 
favor of a site. The official documents of the oath and the report show but one 
day's diiference in date ; but it is to be supposed that the gentlemen were pre- 
pared, by previous investigation, to give a proper decision. It must not be 
inferred that a spirit of unfairness actuated them, or that they were insensible 
to the importance of their trust. The rumor that an offer from John B. Hobbs 
captured them is unsubstantiated by any evidence. Undoubtedly, the proprie- 
tors of property in various localities exercised the unquestionable right of 
urging their several claims. 

At all events, the report filed by the Commissioners with the Clerk of the 
County Court is as follows : 

The undersigned Commissioners, appointed by act of the Legislature, approved January 21, 
1851, to locate the county seat of Marshall County, Iowa, having met and qualified, according to 
law. have located the said seat of justice on the following-described quarter section, viz. : The 
east half of the southeast quarter of Section 18, in Township 84 north, of Range 19 west, and 
the west half of the southwest quarter of Section 18, in Township 84 north, of Range 18 west ; 
and the undersigned give said county seat the name of Marietta. 

Given under our hands, this the 19th day of August, A U. 18-51. 

Manly Gifford, 
W. W. Miller, 

Commissioners. 

It was thus that the county seat became a fixed locality, and cause of heart- 
burnings and enmity was introduced into the lovely county of Marshall. 

While this was transpiring, strangers had entered the land and builded up 
unto themselves altars for the worship of other gods than those before whom 
Marietta bowed the knee. While John B. Hobbs and Isaac Dawson were pur- 
chasing from the Government the lands upon which Marietta was located, as is 
explained in a subsequent chapter, and platting a town, in October, 1851, Mr. 
Henry Anson was planning a city to the southeast of Marietta, and summoning 
to him his clans. The original plat of Marshall, as it was then called, was 
recorded in August, 1853 ; but Mr. Anson had located the site of the present 
metropolis of the county in the Spring of '51. Hence it was that the rivalry 
between the locations began from the very moment of the decision of the 
Commissioners. 

Meanwhile, the county seat was the object of attraction. It was near the 
o-eographical center of the county, and the chances were exceedingly favorable 
to its permanent selection as the seat of justice. While truth compels the ad- 
mission that Marshall equaled Marietta in natural advantages of beauty and 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 357 

healthfulness, it is by no means true that the claims of the Mariettans in these 
regards were unfounded. The village is described by those who knew it at its 
best, as more than an ordinarily lovely spot, and one well suited to the develop- 
ment of a town. 

But the fates conspired against the embryotic city. " Whom the gods wish 
to destroy they first make mad," is an old but truthful classical allusion. The 
blood of the county-seat advocates was thoroughly aroused, and war became 
inevitable, unless the Marshallites retired from the field. Such a hope as that 
was surely based upon a meager understanding of the Marshall spirit ; for the 
orthography of the name might have been slightly changed w^ith peculiar signifi- 
cance. The martial propensities of the settlers who came to the new village 
were as marked as were those of the Marietta people. 

In 1853, the village of Marshall became a fixed fact, and the struggle for 
honor and permanence increased. The opposing factions, in 1853, were com- 
posed of men of ability and severe determination. For Marietta stood W. C. 
Smith, John B. Hobbs. George Atwater, William Dishon, W. H. Weatherly, 
Alexander Crow, et ah, while Marshall was represented by Henry Anson, 
Wells S. Rice, John Shields and others. 

In the Spring of 1852, George Atwater moved to Marietta from Circleville, 
Ohio, and engaged in the practice of law. William Dishon had preceded him 
there, and was engaged in mercantile pursuits. Mr. Atwater was elected 
Prosecuting Attorney of the county in 1852, and Mr. Dishon was chosen Clerk 
of the District Court at the same time. 

John B. Hobbs was County Judge, and in that capacity had authority to 
provide for the enaction of county buildings. In the Fall of 1852, Judge Hobbs 
entered into a contract with Alexander Crow to erect a small Court House at 
Marietta. The ofiicial papers show that the edifice was to have been no very 
elaborate affair, but all that the new county then required. The contract 
is not preserved, but the schedule of dimensions and the bond are here 
copied : 

SCHEDULE. 

Marshall County Court House, as agreed by Indentures. 19th July, 1852 : 

Dimensions — 32x22 feet, one story in height, 9 feet clear. Partition, cutting ofiF 12 feet ; 
small room divided into two parts. 

Timber — sills, 10 inches square; plates 8 inches wide and 6 inches thick; post, 8 inches 
square. 

Building to be raised 18 inches above ground by 12 pillars solid wood, set 1 foot in earth, 
5 under each side sill ; one under each end sill. 

To be inclosed by 15th October next, walnut and pine siding, dressed and painted. 

To be covered with walnut shingles 18 inches long, 6 inches to the weather. To have 2 
batten doors. 1 in each small room ; 1 large 3-paneled door in end fronting square. 

Windows, 6 ; 1 in each small room, 1 in each side of large room, 1 on each side of door 
fronting square ; lights 10x12. 

Square eave cornice, barge boards, with same molding under eave. 

Floor, seasoned oak plank 1^ inches thick, laid down with square joint. Inside to be lathed 
and plastered. 

Building to be entirely completed 15th May, 1853. 

BOND. 

Know all men by these presents, That we, Alexander Crow, William Dishon, Mahlon Wood- 
ward, hereby acknowledge ourselves to owe the county of Marshall, of the State of Iowa, the lawful 
sum of eighteen hundred and ten dollars, for the full and true payment of which we hereby bind 
ourselves, our heirs, executors and administrators. 

Dated at Marietta, Marshall County, Iowa, this 19th day of July, A. D. 1852. 

The condition of the above obligation is such that whereas, the said Alexander Crow has 
covenanted and agreed with said Marshall County, by indentures bearing date the 19th day of 
July, A. D. 1852, lO build a certain Court House, in manner and form as therein set forth. Now 

D 



358 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

tehrefore, if ihe said Crow shall faithfully observe and fulfill the requirements and covenant so 
agreed to, and made by him on his part as therein expressed, then this obligation to be void and 
of no effect. Otherwise to be in full force and virtue in law. 

Alexander Crow. [Seal.] 
William Dishon. [Seal.] 

Mahlon Woodward. [Seal.] 

This positive effort to secure the county seat, by constructing buildings at 
Marietta, aroused the Marshallites to hostile demonstrations against Marietta 
and the Judge. It transpired that Judge Hobbs, for some reason not clearly 
shown, resigned his office in the early winter of 1852. Prosecuting Attorney 
Atwater became ex officio County Judge until the Spring election in 1853. 

George Atwater, who figures quite extensively at this point in the history, 
was a young man of more than ordinary ability. He was well read in his pro- 
fession, of ready native wit, and possessed many acquired advantages over his 
brother lawyers. But, like numerous other Western professional men at that time, 
he had contracted a love for spirituous drinks, and was almost beyond redemption 
in the habit of profane language. The periodic indulgence of his appetite and 
the incessant indulgence of his disagreeable expressions, soon led to the social 
ostracism of Atwater. Marietta's doors were closed against a young man who 
might have been an ornament to the society of the little town. 

In 1853, he in company with his brother, kept bachelors' hall in a house on 
the outskirts of the town. It was at this time that William C. Smith was 
elected County Judge. Mr. Smith was residing on his farm on the middle 
branch of Timber Creek, when he was named as a candidate for the office. The 
selection of Judge at this April election was, as has been shown, the result 
of Judge Hobbs' resignation, and the successful candidate was required to take 
the office from George Atwater, Prosecuting Attorney and e.r officio County 
Judge. 

The Marshall men nominated Isaac N. Griffith, and the Marietta men Will- 
iam C. Smith. Thomas Gordon was also a candidate. The vote stood : 

William C. Smith 59 

Isaac N. Griffith 28 

Thomas Gordon 24 

The following certificate was issued : 

The State of Iowa, Marshall County, to wit : 

At an election holden in said county on the first Monday of April, A. D. one thousand eight 
hundred and fifty-three, William C. Smith was elected to the office of County .Judge of the above 
county to fill the vacancy of John B. Hobbs, resigned. And the said William C. Smith will con- 
tinue to hold the said office till the August election, A. D. one thousand eight hundred and fifty- 
five. And he has qualified by taking the oath of office, as requ'red by law. 

Witness, William Dishon, and the seal of the District Court of said county, this eleventh day 
of April. A. D. one thousand eight hundred and fifty-three. William Dishon, 

Clerk District Court Marshall County, Iowa. 

Mr. Smith was declared duly elected and removed to Marietta at once. He 
was accosted by Atwater, who applied to him for board. Judge Smith replied 
that the rumors concerning the conduct of the attorney were such as to produce 
an unfavorable impression, but that he would give Atwater a trial. His stay 
was conditional ujjon his observing gentlemanly deportment. During the two 
or three months which Atwater resided with the Judge, he was never known to 
drink liquor, and but once did he forget himself in the use of profane language. 
The cause of that lapse was almost sufficient to excuse the transgression. He 
was seated at table, and attempted to partake of " bean soup," a dish noted 
for its capability of retaining heat. A greedy mouthful of the boiling liquid 
created an explosion that was too humorous to permit of lasting censure. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 569 

Atwater had been a Griffith man and still entertained regrets at the defeat 
of his candidate. It soon transpired that he was detected in the expression of 
sympathy for Marshall, and awakened a response from the ever-ready Marshall 
men, who were quick to perceive their opportunity to exert an influence upon 
the young officer. 

It has been shown in this chapter that but two of the three Locating Commis- 
sioners really visited Marshall County and chose Marietta for the seat of justice. 
Because of the absence of a unanimous vote, Mr. Atwater, who retained his 
title of Judge, was induced to rule that the location was illegal. It was repre- 
sented by Marshall men that no desire to change the seat was entertained by 
them, but that the proper compliance with law was the only motive which actu- 
ated them. 

On the strength of those assertions, Mr. Atwater joined the Marshallites in 
petitioning Judge McKay, of Des Moines, then Judge of the Fifth Judicial 
District, to which Marshall was attached, for the exercise of the prerogative 
vested in the Judge of the District Court, by law, in the vacation of the Legis- 
lature, and consent to the appointment of a new Board of Locating Commis- 
sioners. It was held out to Judge McKay that the people of the county were 
exceedingly anxious to prevent any trouble in the future by securing the loca- 
tion of the seat in an absolute manner. 

After a consideration of the subject. Judge McKay concluded to appoint a 
Board, and designated, under provisions of the General Assembly aci, approved 
January 12, 1853, the following men to serve as Commissioners : Wm. Wood, 
of Story County, William Taylor, of Tama County, and Jesse Rickman, of 
Jasper County. 

These men were favorable to the re-location of the county seat at Marshall, 
and the honorable court had clearly been victimized. Upon learning of the 
misrepresentations, Judge McKay revoked the appointment ; but the Board 
failed to respond to the second order of the Court. 

The Commissioners appointed by the Judge proceeded to discharge their 
pretended duty, and announced Marshall as the most eligible site for a county 
seat. 

Meanwhile, work had progressed upon the new Court House at Marietta, 
which was being completed as rapidly as circumstances would permit. 

Because of instructions from the Secretary of State, Hon. George W. Mc- 
Clary, Judge Smith did not execute his official bonds at once, but deferred their 
issuance until July 23, 1853. This fact was made use of by Atwater, with 
other points, and he appeared before the Supreme Court at Iowa City, and 
asked for a writ of mandamus compelling Judge Smith to remove the county 
seat to Marshall, on the strength of the decision of the second Board of Locat- 
ing Commissioners ; representing also that Smith was not the legal Judge, in 
the absence of the required bonds; and also praying for a writ of injunction 
restraining the issuance of warrants for the payment of the Court House erected 
by Crow. 

The law compelled those who applied for a mandamus to first notify the 
party of the second part of the intended application. This requirement Atwater 
claimed had been observed. The Supreme Court granted the prayed-for writ ; 
and Judge Smith ascertained that Atwater had sworn to the required notifica- 
tion, without having first served the papers on the County Judge. 

The case called for prompt action, to prevent the compulsory removal of the 
records, so Judge Smith at once prepared to go to Muscatine, and present a 
petition to Judge Williams, asking for relief from the mandamus, and also from 



360 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

the injunction restraining the payment of Crow. The County Judge started 
the following morning by stage for Marengo. 

It occurred that Mr. Henry Anson, of Marshall, learned of Smith's inten- 
tions and also set out for Marengo on horseback. He was so eager to meet 
Judge Williams first that he overrode his horse, which died from the effort. 
From Marengo, Smith and Anson continued their journey in the same stage, 
and, on arriving at Muscatine, occupied the same room at the hotel. 

In the morning, Anson arose first and started to see the Judge, who resided 
out of town. He returned and informed Judge Smith that Judge Williams 
would do nothing to relieve the writs. This report did not deter Mr. Smith from 
presenting his petition, however, and he soon laid his case before his Honor. 
We herewith append a copy of his petition : 
To the Hon. Judge Williams, Chief Justice of the State of Iowa : 

Your petitioners, William C. Smith, County Judge of Marshall County, 
Iowa, and Alexander Crow, of said county of Marshall and State of Iowa, 
respectfully represent to your Honor that heretofore, to Avit, on the 12th day of 
July, A. D. 1853, your Honor granted to George Atwater, Prosecuting Attor- 
ney in and for the county of Marshall and State of Iowa (and he also claiming 
to be of said county), a writ of injunction against your petitioners, upon filing 
his afiidavit before your Honor, in substance as follows, to wit : That at a spe- 
cial election held in said county on the 4th day of April, A. D. 1853, that one 
of your petitioners, to wit, the above-named William C. Smith, was elected 
County Judge in and for the county aforesaid, to serve for the term of two 
years and until his successor was elected and qualified ; and that the said Smith 
did, on and about the 9th day of April, A. D 1853 — though without giving 
bond for their execution — enter upon the duties of County Judge, aforesaid ; 
and that, on the 18th day of May, A. D. 1853, under the provisions of an act 
of the General Assembly of the said State of Iowa, approved by the Governor 
January the 12th day, A. D. 1853, one William Wood, of Story County ; one 
William Taylor, of Tama County, and one Jesse Rickman, of Jasper County, 
all of the State of Iowa, were duly appointed by the Hon. William McKay, 
Judge of the Fifth Judicial District of the State of Iowa, and that within two 
months after receiving said notice of said appointment, to wit, on the 2d day of 
Juno, A. D. 1853, a majority of said Commissioners located said seat of jus- 
tice, naming the place, etc. ; and that your said petitioners did, on or about the 
1st day of July, A. D. 1853, enter into a bargain with the said Crow, in the 
name and pretendedly by the authority of the county aforesaid, by which the 
said Crow agreeing to build a certain house at a point in Section, etc ; and 
the said Smith agreed to receive the same for tlie said county, to be used as a 
court house, and to pay therefor, from the funds of the county aforesaid, a large 
sum, to wit, the sura of nine hundred and five dollars, on the completion of said 
building; and goes on and charges your petitioners with corrupt confederacy, etc. 
Now your petitioners, the said William C. Smith and Alexander Crow, 
would represent to your Honor that by an act of the General Assembly of the 
State of Iowa, approved January 21, A. D. 1851, that B. B. Berry, of the 
county of Mahaska ; Manly Gifford, of the county of Jasper, and W.W. Miller, 
of the county of Dallas, were appointed Commissioners to locate and establish 
the seat of justice of the county, of Marshall, State of Iowa. And the act fur- 
ther states that said Commissioners should meet at the same place in said county 
on the third Monday of April, A. D. 1851, or within six months thereafter, 
and, after taking the oath prescribed in the act, should proceed to locate said 
seat of justice. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTV. 361 

And your petitioners would represent to your Honor that a majority of said 
Commissioners, to wit, Manly Gifford, of Jasper County, and W. W. Miller, of 
Dallas County, did meet in said county of Marshall, to wit, on the 18th day of 
August, A. D. 1851, and, after taking the oath prescribed by law before Jacob 
Hauser, Clerk of the District Court of said county of Marshall, State of Iowa, 
which oath is now on file and recorded in said office of District Clerk, said Com- 
missioners did proceed to locate said seat of justice of the county of Marshall, 
State of Iowa. Their certificate is as follows : 

The undersigned Commissioners, appointed by an act of the Legishvture, approved January 
21, A. D. 1851, to locate the county seat of Marshall County, in the State of Iowa, having met 
and qualified according to law, have located the said seat of justice on the following described 
quarter section, viz. : the east half of the southeast quarter of Section I'S, Township 84, Raiure 
19 west, and the west half of the southwest quarter of Section 18, Township 84 north of Range 
18 west. And the undersigned give said county seat the name of Marietta. 

Given under our hands this, the nineteenth day of August, A. D. 1851. 

Signed, Manly Gifford, } ^ 

s> ' 117 iir Tii V Commissioners. 

W. W. Miller, J 

And we peetitioners would further represent to your Honor that the fore- 
going certificate is now on file in the office of the Clerk of the District Court of 
said county of Marshall and State of Iowa. And, further, that in pursuance of 
said location, John B. Hobbs, acting County Judge in and for said county of 
Marshall, did, on the 19th day of July, A. D. 1852, contract with one of your 
petitioners, to wit, Alexander Crow, to build the before-mentioned Court House, 
agreeing to pay said Crow, on completion of said house, the sum of nine hun- 
dred and five dollars, and the said George Atwater drew up the writings between 
the parties. Said nine hundred and five dollars was to be paid out of the funds 
of said county. 

Said contract failed, partly on the part of said Crow not being able to com- 
plete said building within the time specified in said contract. 

And your petitioners would further represent to your Honor that the said 
William C. Smith was duly elected to the office of County Judge in and for said 
county of Marshall, State of Iowa, on the 4th day of April, and in accordance 
with the instructions of George W. McClary, Secretary of the State of Iowa, 
did not enter into bond until the 29th day of July, A. D. 1853. 

And your petitioners would further represent to your Honor, that George 
Atwater, Prosecuting Attorney in and for said county of Marshall, State of 
Iowa, drew up a petition and circulated it around amongst some of the citizens 
of our county, keeping it a secret to at least one-half of the citizens of said 
county, and, as your petitioners are informed by Judge McKay, misrepre- 
sented to him that the Commissioners that located said county seat of Marshall 
County, State of Iowa, were not sworn ; and that the oath, if they were sworn, 
was not on file, and that the certificate of location was not on file. 

And Judge McKay stated to one of your petitioners, to wit: Wm. C. 
Smith, that the person who presented said petition to him stated that there 
hadbeen a mass meeting held in Marietta, and that the entire people of the 
county were present, with but a few exceptions, and agreed to the relo- 
cation. 

And your petitioners would represent to your Honor that there never has 
been a meeting in Marietta called for that purpose, and that Ave believe one- 
half the people of the entire county were entirely ignorant of the matter till 
the Commissioners were appointed by Judge McKay. And Judge McKay 
now says that he had no power to appoint Commissioners to relocate said seat 
of justice. 



362 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

And your petitioners would further represent to your Honor that they fully 
believed Marietta to be the county seat of Marshall County, Iowa, and under 
said consideration contracted for the completion of said Court House, which 
said Court House is now completed. 

And your petitioners pray your Honor to vacate and relieve your petitioners 
from said writ of injunction. Might it please your Honor to grant unto your 
petitioners to be relieved from said writ of injunction. 

And your petitioners further represent to your Honor that they fully 
believe that it was and is the design of George Atwater and others connected 
with the town of Marshall, in the State of Iowa, to keep your petitioners from 
l)aying for or receiving pay on said Court House, that they may keep the county 
of Marshall from receiving said house in order to retard the progress of said 
town of Marietta, until the next session of the Legislature of the State of Iowa, 
that they may stand a chance for the county seat. 

Your petitioners would further represent to your Honor that if the issue of 
said writ of injunction would come up for a hearing at the September Term of 
said District Court of Marshall County, then your petitioners would not pray 
to be relieved from said writ of injunction. But George Atwater declared to 
me, Wm. C. Smith, that Judge McKay should not try the merits of said writ, 
but that he would have a change of venue to another district. 

Now your petitioners would further represent to your Honor that they believe 
that unless said writ of injunction is vacated, it will very materially injure said 
county, as the said county must undoubtedly engage in a most ruinous lawsuit, 
and, unless speedily put an end to, down to ruin she must go in spite of all her 
toil, by those who delight in lawsuits and refuse to till her soil. 

Might it please 3'our honor to grant unto your petitioners to be relieved 
from said writ of injunction, which your humble petitioners believe not to be 
their petition only, but the petition and wishes of two-thirds of the legal voters 
of said county of Marshall, State of Iowa. 

[Then follow the usual certificates. — Editor.] 

The result of this petition was the issuance of an order by Judge Williams 
on the District Court to which Marshall was attached, commanding a compli- 
ance with the prayer of the petitioners. 

Judge McKay had, meanwhile, been succeeded on the District bench by 
Judge McFarland. The order granting a stay of proceedings was brought 
back by Judge Smith and turned over to Sheriff Weatherly for service. 

The papers had to be served personally upon Judge McFarland. At that 
particular time, he was holding court at Knoxville, and thither William H. 
Weatherly, Sheriff of Marshall County, proceeded with as little delay as possible. 

Mr. W. found the court adjourned, and the Judge absent from the village 
on some festive mission bent. The dignity of the law was not always main- 
tained by his Honor, as this history shows elsewliere; and it is necessary to 
remark here merely that the bar was fully represented, in a profiine way, by 
the Judge alone. He was given over to the free and reckless use of language 
more emphatic than choice, as he was to the too profuse indulgence in alcoholic 
stimulants. 

A friend recognized the Sheriff, and surmised his business there. Calling 
him into his room at the hotel, the lawyer informed Mr. W. that the best 
time to find the Judge would be when he went over to an adjoining saloon 
for his morning toddy. The lawyer remarked, also, that he would very 
much like to be present when the papers were served, to " hear the Judge 
swear."' 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 363 

In the morning, Sheriff Weatherly stationed himself at a convenient post, 
and watclied the coming of the Judge. Presently he bore down, with his 
usual martial tread, toward the place of refreshment. The Sheriff hastened 
to meet him, but did not succeed in reaching him until the " Court " had taken 
his drink and started back. Then, in the center of the street, he accosted him: 

'' You are Judge McFarland, I believe? " 

" Yes, sir : that is my name," replied the massive jurist as he gazed upon 
the Sheriff. 

"■ My name is Weatherly. I am Sheriff of Marshall County, and I have a 
paper to serve on you," said the Sheriff. 

By this time the Judge's acquaintances had gathered around him in full 
numbers, awaiting an explosion. It came and with fury enough for almost 
any occasion. The " atmosphere was blue," said our informant. The Judge 
cursed the Supreme Court and swore that he would not obey any orders from 
it, and gave vent to all sorts of expressions but polite ones. 

Later in the day. Judge McFarland called a friend to the bench and retired 
to a private room with Mr. W., where the subject Avas fully discussed. He 
admitted that the Supreme Court had power to compel his obedience, but that he 
'• would not say so before that pack of d — d lawyers." He agreed to hold his 
next court at Marietta, but publicly declared, for the benefit of his own pride, 
that Sheriff Weatherly would have to move down to Marshall. 

Mr. W. laughingly replied that, if the Judge wanted to hold court in Mar- 
shall, he knew where to find the county officers and could send for them. 

The case. The State of Iowa vs. The Judge of Marshall County, was brought 
up in the District Court, but Avas taken to Iowa City, before Judge Smythe, of 
Marion, Linn County, in February, 1856. It was argued in chambers by 
Enoch Eastman and Mr. Templin for the defendant (Mr. Smith), and W. Penn 
Olark, of Iowa City, for the Marshall men. 

Judge Smythe decided that Marietta was the legal county seat. This ended 
the first chapter of the struggle, except as concerns Atwater. 

The investigation of the foregoing case rcvsulted in the discovery that At- 
water had made oath before the Supreme Court that he had notified the County 
Judge of his intended motion for an injunction and mandamus. This being 
false, Mr. Smith instituted legal proceedings against Atwater, and secured the 
issuing; of a writ of attachment against him. Atwater's bondsmen in the office 
of Prosecuting Attorney, had been relieved by Judge Smith of pecuniary liability, 
in August, 1853, on the manifest exhibit that Atwater proposed to leave the county. 
The young attorney suddenly quitted Marshall, and word was returned that he 
had hanged himself at Dubuque. This rumor was designed as a misleading 
report, to prevent a continuance of the suit against him. 

It appears that Atwater returned to Circleville, Ohio. There he was visited 
by Thomas B. A bell, who purchased Atwater's claim against the county for 
services as Prosecuting Attorney and Acting Judge, in June, 1856. 

Another page is discovered in the somewhat cloudy history of the fight. It 
is a matter of fact, in liber D, page 832 of the county records, that George 
Atwater quit-claimed Lots 1 to 12, Block 3; Lots 1 to 12, Block 10; Lots 
1 to 12, Block 14 ; Lots 1 to 12, Block 21 ; and all his interest in the village 
of Marshall, " acquired by purchase or otherwise." to Thomas B. Abell, for 
$150, on June 12, 1856. 

The statement has been made that Atwater was bribed to co-operate with 
Marshall, and this evidence proves that he had a valid interest in a portion of 
the village. Rumor has it that he had forgotten the exact description of the 



364 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

lots owned by him, and that, in order to cover and embrace all, his deed read 
by lots and in total, rather than by specific property. Certain facts lead us to 
regard Atwater's position as anomalous : He was compelled to leave the county 
under fear of arrest ; he Avas far from Avealthy while he resided here ; but he 
was able to transfer a valuable share of village property to Mr. Abell. 

Atwater died shortly after the events above related transpired. 

The following documents, found among the musty paper in the Auditor's 
ofiice, furnish something of a clue to the feeling in Marietta against Atwater, 
at the time of his desertion of the town for Marshall. They are given as an 
aside to the drama : 

To George Atwater, Prosecuting Attorney of Marshall Co., Iowa: 

Sir : You are hereby notified that on the 3d day of August, A. D. 1853, 
we will proceed to file a petition in the oflBce of the County Judge of Marshall 
County, Iowa, for relief as your sureties upon your bond as Prosecuting Attor- 
ney of said county, filed on the 9th of Aug., A. D. 1852, upon the following 
grounds, to wit : 

1st. That you, the said Atwater (as Prosecuting Attorney), have not settled 
with the county of Marshall and are a defaulter to said county in the sum of 
^25, and are wholly and totally insolvent, and unable to pay said sum of 
money, and the same could not be collected from you by execution. 

2d. Said Atwater is about to abscond and leave the county of Marshall 
without paying said sum of $25, and is in other respects endangering your 
petitioners by making them liable on said bond. 

Said petitioners pray that you be ordered to give a new bond, and to sup- 
ply the place of petitioners as your sureties, etc. At which time and place you 
may appear if you wish, and show cause, if any, why the prayer of the peti- 
tioners should not be granted. William Dishon, 

Alexander Crow, 
Bi/ J. G-. TempUn, their Attorney. 

William Dishon and"| In County Court, in and for Marshall County and 
Alexander Crow, [ State of Iowa, Aug. 3d, A. D. 1853, 2 o'clock P. 

vs. I M., of said day. 

George Atwater. J 
To the Hon. Wm. C. Smith, County Judge of Marshall Co., Iowa : 

Your petitioners, Wm. Dishon and Alexander Crow, would respectfully rep- 
resent to your Honor, that on the first Monday in August, A. D. 1852, the said 
defendant, George Atwater, was duly elected Prosecuting Attorney of Marshall 
County, Iowa, and that on the 9th day of August, A. D. 1852, your petitioners 
executed a bond jointly with the said defendant, for the faithful dischai'ge of 
his duties, according to law, as such Prosecuting Attorney, and that said bond 
was approved and filed by your Honor's Court, on the said 9th day of August, 
A. D. 1852, which said bond is hereto attached, and made a part hereof by a 
true copy of the same. Your petitioners further represent that they conceive 
themselves in danger of suffering by remaining surety for said defendant, and 
desire to be relieved of their said obligation. Your petitioners would respect- 
fully state the following grounds for conceiving themselves in danger of suffer- 
ing, as aforesaid, to wit : 

1st. The said Atwater has not settled with the county of Marshall, and is a 
defaulter to said county in the sum of $25, and is wholly and totally insolvent, 
and unable to pay said sum of money, and the same could not be collected of 
him by execution. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 365 

2d. Said Atwater is about to abscond and leave the county of Marshall 
without paying said sum of $25, and is in other respects endangering your 
petitioners by making them liable on said bond. 

Your petitioners therefore pray that the said George Atwater may be 
ordered to give a new bond, and to supply the place of your petitioners as his 
sureties within a reasonable time, to be prescribed by this Court, and that your 
petitioners be declared discharged from all liability on their said bond for the 
future acts of the said Atwater. And your petitioners, etc. 

William Dishon, 
Alexander Crow, 
By J. D. Templin, their Attorney. 

The following is a true copy of the bond referred to in the above petition, 
and made a part thereof, to wit : 

Knoiv all men hy these presents, that we, George Atwater, William Dishon 
and Alexander Crow are held and bound unto the county of Marshall, in the 
State of Iowa, in the sum of $2,000, to be levied of our goods and tenements 
if default be made in the condition following, that is to say : Whereas, the 
said George Atwater has been elected to the office of Prosecuting Attorney of 
the county aforesaid ; Noio, therefore, if as said Prosecuting Attorney, he 
render a true account of his doings therein to the proper authority when 
required thereby, or by law, and promptly pay over to the person or officer 
entitled thereto, all money which may come into his hands by virtue of his 
office, and promptly account for all balances of money remaining in his hands 
at the termination of his office, and if he shall hereafter exercise all reasonable 
diligence in the preservation and lawful disposal of all money, books, papers, 
securities or other property appertaining to his said office, and deliver them to his 
successor, or to any other person authorized to receive the same, and faithfully 
and impartially, without fear, favor, fraud or oppression discharge all other of 
the duties now or hereafter required of his office by law, then this obligation to 
be void. Otherwise, to be in full force. 

George Atwater, 
William Dishon, 
Alexander Crow. 

The following are the indorsements on the back of said bond, to wit ; 

State of Iowa, Marshall County, ss. I, George Atwater, do hereby sol- 
emnly swear to support the Constitution of the United States and the Consti- 
tion of the State of Iowa, and that to the best of my knowledge and ability, 
I will perform all the duties of Prosecuting Attorney, as provided by the 
conditions of the bond within written. 

George Atwater. 
Sworn to and subscribed before me, this 9th day of August, A. D. 1852. 

John B. Hobbs, County Judge. 
Approved and filed Aug. 9, 1852. 

The second chapter of this history was opened before the first was closed. 
Fearing that their chances of gaining the suit through Atwater's machinations 
were very slight, and not altogether approving of a contest carried on in such a man- 
ner, an appeal was made to the County Judge, in the Fall of 1855, through the 
medium of petitions, for the ordering of an election on the subject, in April, 
1856. 



366 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

The petitioners secured the requisite order from the Court, and the election 
was duly held, with the following result : 

Abstract of the number of ballots cast at the April election held in the county of Marshall, 
State of Iowa, April 7, A. D. 1856, for the county seat of said county of Marshall, State of 
Iowa : 

Townships. Marshall. Marietta. 

Marietta ••• 7 127 

Iowa 13 151 

Bangor ^ 57 

Liberty 6:^ 

Eden 8 17 

Marshall 152 

Jeiferson 54 

Green Castle 23 3 

Le Grand 54 lU 

Marion 35 45 

Total 348 482 

Majority for Marietta 134 

The result of the vote of April, 1856, merely served to intensify the feel- 
ings of both factions. The Marshall men were determined to pursue the matter 
to the bitter end, and secure the county seat at all hazards. 

On the 7th day of April, 1857, certain Marietta parties gave notice in the 
lozva Central Journal, published at Albion, that a petition would be presented 
at the May term of the County Court asking for the removal of the seat one- 
half mile west of Marietta. This petition, however, was not presented, so far 
as any available records show, and was probably nothing more than a subter- 
fuge to either gain time or thwart the opponents of Marietta in some of their 
movements. 

The forces on both sides had been greatly augmented by the increase of 
population in the county. Prominent among the Marietta men now appeared 
Mr. James L. Williams, Clerk of the District Court; John Turner, Elias Woelo- 
han, H. E. J. Boardman, Thomas B. Abell, J. G. Crookhara and John W. 
Tripp. 

Albion became a factor in the problem. In the struggle it was a question 
which way the vote of that place would be cast. Marshall favored the securing 
of the Albion vote, and for that desideratum proposed to work for the endow- 
ment of a County High School under the then existing law. 

An act of the Legislature, approved in 1855, enabled counties of a certain 
population to establish a High School for the education of teachers. In accord- 
ance with the law, a High School Company was organized under Articles of In- 
corporation, and was used as a medium of securing the vote of Albion for the 
contending factions. It was supposed that Albion would cast her vote in favor 
of the locality contributing most generously to her institution. To this end 
Marietta raised a considerable sum, perhaps $4,000 in notes, conditional upon 
the securing of the re(iuisite sum to establish the High School. Marshall im- 
mediately issued a larger amount of paper, and thereby obtained a controlling 
share of stock in the school. Marietta saw that there was no possibility of 
ecjualing her rival, as the latter held the longer purse, and quietly gave up that 
race. Marshall secured the vote of Albion. This fact became an element in 
the future contest in the courts, as will hereafter be shown. 

In passing, we observe that Marshall never redeemed the notes thus issued, 
and they, together with the Marietta paper, never benefited the proposed school. 

Further mention of tliis institution is made in tlie chapter devoted of Albion. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 367 

Marion Township also desired aid, but in a different channel. The Iowa 
River divided Marion from the market at Marshall, and bridges were highly 
essential to its prosperity. The Marshall men perceived the opportunity and 
at once pledged Marion aid in the work of bridging the river. This fact appears 
later in the records. 

In the Fall 1857, Marshall conceived the idea of erecting a building suitable 
for a Court House, and deeding the property to the county on certain conditions. 
To this end a company was formed and styled the Marshall Town 
Hall Company. The corporation obtained a warranty deed from Henry Anson 
to Lot o. Block 14, in the village of Marshall. The record of tdis transfer 
bears date January 14, 1858, and the consideration is stated at |325. The 
building, however, was begun in the Fall, and the foundation walls constructed 
at that season. 

The property, consisting of lot and building in process of erection, was 
given to the county in the Spring of 1858, conditional upon the county seat 
being removed to Marshall by popular vote at the April election in 1858, which 
had been proposed in the Spring of 1857 by the Marshall men, and retained at 
Marshall thereafter. The result of the vote was the inauguration of the long 
and bitter contest related herein. The title of this property was confirmed in 
the county by subsequent events. 

At the time of its occurrence, the erection of the Court House was regarded 
as a very important matter. The pledge in the gift- deed required the comple- 
tion of the building by the time Court met, and to accomplish this purpose, 
every available man was impressed into the service as mason or builder. So 
rapidly was the work done that Marietta was scarcely aware of the commence- 
ment of the walls in the Spring, before news of the finishing of the building 
was transmitted to the rival town. 

The erection of this building had a marked effect upon the voters outside of 
the immediate locality of Marietta. It was considered an act indicative of 
generosity and public spirit. 

With these alliances the contest was renewed. At the June term of the 
County Court, in 1857, Judge Smith listened to the voluminous petition pray- 
ing for another election on the subject ; and accordingly, after a long and 
heated canvass, the vote was taken on the 5th day of April, 1858. 

When the poll books were returned to the County Judge, he called to his 
aid two Justices of the Peace, viz., John Turner and John W. Tripp, both 
favorable to the retention of the seat at Marietta. The following return was 
made by the Board of Canvassers : 
Abstract of the ballots in the several townships in the county of Marshall, State of Iowa, on 

Monday, the 5th day of April, 1H58, for the county teat of said county of Marshall, in the 

State of Iowa : 
Township. 

Le Grand* 

Marshall 

Marietta 

Liberty 



Marshall. 


Marietta. 


204 




1.3 


177 


1 


103 


3 


94 


126 


106 



Iowa 

Marion* 

Eden IB 30 

.Jefferson 79 1 

Green Castle* 

Vienna 18 8 

Total 462 519 

A majority of the Board of County Canvassers decide that there is no return from the township. 



368 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

State of Iowa, County of Marshall, ss.: We, the undersigned Board of County Can- 
vassers in and for the County and State aforesaid, do hereby certify that we have this day can- 
vassed the votes cast for the county seat of said county of Marshall, in the State of Iowa, in the 
several townships in said county, on Monday, the 5th day of April, A. D. 1858, and find the 
result to be as follows, to wit : Whole number of votes cast for the county seat of said county 
of Marshall, in the State of Iowa, nine hundred and eighty-one, of which Marietta received five 
hundred and nineteen votes, and Marshall received four hundred and sixty-two votes, for 
the county seat of Marshall County. Iowa. ^La^ietta having received the highest number of 
votes for the county seat of the said county of Marshall, in the State of Iowa, is declared 
elected. 

In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our official signatures, and affixed the seal of said 
county of Marshall, at Marietta, this 6th day of April, A. D. 1858. 

William C. Smith, County Judge. 

[seal.] John Turner, Justice of the Peace. 

John W. Tripp, Justice of the Peace, 

County Commissioners. 

State of Iowa, Marshall County, ss.: I, William C. Smith, County Judge within and 
for said county, do hereby certify that the within and foregoing is a true and complete copy of 
the county canvass had on the Gth day of April, 1858, of the ballots cast on Monday, the 5th day 
of April, 1858, on tlie question of the removal of the county seat of Marshall County, Iowa, 
from the town of Marietta to the town of Marshall, in said county. 

Witness my hand, with the seal of said county hereto affixed, this Gth day of April, 1858. 
[seal.] William C. Smith, County Judge. 

The returns from Le Grand, Marion and Green Castle townships did not 
contain the properly worded jurat, and were alleged to be technically imper- 
fect in the matter of identification. The vote in those towns was : 

Marshall. Marietta. 

Le Grand 79 19 

Marion 87 17 

Green Castle 39 7 

Total 205 43 

This arbitrary act deprived Marshall of 162 votes, which, added to the 462 
declared in the returns, would have made a total of 667 as against 562 for 
Marietta, leaving a clear majority of 105 in favor of Marshall. 

At the April (1858) term of the District Court, Wells S. Rice filed his 
information, setting forth the facts in the case and exhibiting all papers 
of record. The reproduction of the legal formalities herein is not deemed 
essential, inasmuch as the points claimed by Mr. Rice are shown in simple 
form. 

The District Court awarded an alternative writ of mandamus commanding 
the Judge to take to his aid two Justices of the Peace, and recanvass the vote 
and return the result according to the actual number of votes cast. The nature 
of the writ was such that it allowed the Judge an opportunity to defend his 
position before the Court. The County Judge replied with a long list of 
reasons for not obeying the order to recanvass the vote. The District Court 
ruled the reply of Judge Smith insufficient, and issued a peremptory writ of 
mandamus compelling the recounting of the ballots. 

It is here incidentally mentioned that Judge Smith claims that the Marshall 
returns were as imperfect as either of the disputed three, when first filed 
with him ; but that Sylvanus Rice and Solomon Dunton came to him and 
requested the privilege of examining the same, which was granted. When 
the poll lists were again filed, they were properly certified to. As this forms 
no part of the records, we give it merely as a part of the story of the 
contest. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 369 

Upon the issuance of the peremptory writ compeUing a recanvass, Judge 
Smith appealed to the Supreme Court. The Court delivered the following opinion : 

OPINION OF THE SUPREME COURT. 

The State of Iowa ex rel. Wells S. Rice, ^ 

vs. V 

The County Judge of Marshall County, Appellant, j 

By the statute of 1854-5, Chap. 6 (Acts 55, p. 71), it is provided that 
when the citizens of any county desire the relocation of the county seat, the 
major part of the voters of the county may petition the County Judge to order 
an election for that purpose, naming in their petition the place at which they 
desire it located. The returns being made to the County Judge, he is to take 
to his aid two Justices of the Peace, and they are to canvass the election and 
declare the result. 

At the April election (1858) such a vote was taken upon the question of reloca- 
tion of the county seat of Marshall County, between the town of Marietta, its then 
seat, and Marshall, the proposed place. The canvassers rejected the returns from 
two townships, and declared the result in favor of Marietta. Upon an infor- 
mation filed upon the relation of Wells S. Rice, an alternative writ of manda- 
mus was issued to the County Judge, commanding him to take to his assistance 
two Justices of the Peace, and recanvass the said votes ; and in such recan- 
vass, to count the votes cast on the said question by the townships of Le Grand, 
Green Castle and Marion, respectively, according to the returns of said election 
from said townships, and, when so recanvassed, declare the result in accordance 
with said vote ; or in default therein, to make knoAvn why they have not done 
the same. The return, with the causes shown therein, is sufficiently set forth 
in the opinion of the Court. The District Court awarded a peremptory writ. 
The defendant appeals. 

^^ OPINION. 

The return of the defendant assigns twenty-seven causes why he has not 
obeyed the alternative Writ, several of which may be classed as objections to the 
validity of the law relating to the re-location of county seats, and to the 
validity of the election held under it, and other causes ; but there are two or 
three which we will refer to particularly : 

The first states that the defendant had already canvassed the vote, as required 
by law, and declared the result, and that the Board of Canvassers no longer 
exists, and that there is no law under which he can re-organize it. 

The second is, that the poll-books, or abstracts, of the said three townships 
were rejected because they were not in accordance with the requirements of the 
statute. 

Fifteenth. That the writ is directed to the wrong person. 

Sixteenth. That the defendant has no authority to call to his assistance other 
persons and recanvass the vote. 

Twentieth. That the writ requires the defendant to do a particular act in 
a particular way. 

Twenty-jirst. That it commands him to call others to his assistance, and 
requires them to do a judicial act in a particular way. 

Tiventy-second. That the writ is directed to the County Judge, and re- 
quires other persons, not now parties, to act. 

Tiventy -fourth. That the writ does not show that the canvassers are legally 
bound to do the act required ; nor that they have been requested and have re- 
fused to act. 



370 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

A demun'er to the return was sustained, and a motion to (juash the writ 
was overruled. 

The defendant assigns as errors, the refusal to quash the writ. 

Second. The sustaining the demurrer : and 

Third. The granting of the peremptory writ. 

Without adverting specifically to each objection taken, we will point out the 
views entertained by us in relation to the proceedings. 

The writ is directed to the proper person, that is, the County Judge. One 
conclusive reason against directing it to one of the two Justices with him is, 
that they may have gone out of office before the writ issues ; and again, they 
are not a board of such a nature that no other can perform the duty. The 
County Judge is the only permanent member, and he calls to his assistance, 
such other two being Justices, as he sees fit, and for the same reasons they are 
not such a board that their dissolution renders it impracticable that the duty 
should be performed. If it has not been done, it may still be done by a com- 
mand of the Judge to take to his assistance two proper persons. 

Another point is, that the duty to be performed is not a judicial one : it is 
ministerial. Neither is there, properly speaking, a discretion to be exercised. 
In respect to this, there is a wide-spread error among the civil officers, and 
the people generally. It is not correct to suppose that a board of canvassers, 
such as the County Board, in the present instance, has the duty or the authority 
to judge of the validity of retui'ns or of votes. This duty, or power, belongs to 
that tribunal which is appointed by law for the ultimate trial of contested elections, 
or to a court before which the case may be brought in any manner recognized 
by law. The canvassers are only to receive the returns and count them, leav- 
ing all questions as to their sufficiency or validity to another tribunal. (The 
People vs. Cook, 4 Selden, 67, 89 ; the same, 14 Barb., 285 ; The People 
vs. Van Slyck, 4 Cow., 297 ; Ux parte Heath, 3 Hill, 42 ; Bacon vs. York 
Co. Coms., 26; Maine, 491; Opinion of Court, 25; Maine. 56; Brown vs. 
O'Brien, 2 Carter, 423; The People vs. Ivorduff", 15 111., 492 ; and cases 
therein cited.) 

It is true that extreme cases may be supposed when the paper does not bear 
sufficient marks as to be known as an election paper. Such a case stands by 
itself. But the foregoing remarks apply to the cases which usually occur, and 
where there is enough to show what it is intended to be ; but where the paper 
only wants some of the appointed marks of authenticity or of completeness. 
Thus we might instance that, if the supposed returns were not signed by any 
one, they have not the evidence of being returns : but if it does not show that 
the officers were sworn, this goes to its sufficiency only. The canvassers must 
judge whether they are the returns from such a township, or such a county, but 
when known to be such, they are not to determine upon their sufficiency. This 
belongs to another tribunal empowered to judge upon the legality of the case 
ultimately. In the present case, the canvassers rejected the returns from the 
townships because they did not show that the elective officers were sworn. 
This was not within their province, and was an error. Now this Court does 
not in this case determine upon the sufficiency of the returns. It only decides 
that the canvassers should count them, leaving the other question to such 
tribunal as may have cognizance of the case, in the event that the election 
should be contested or otherwise tried. The proceedings under the writ of 
mandamus do not, in all cases, determine the ultimate right. Thus, it has 
been applied where it could detei'mine but one step in the progress of inquiry, 
and when it could not finally settle the controversy, but it might still be neces- 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 371 

sary to resort to quo warranto an injunction, or a contest of election under the 
statute. {Ex parte Strong, 20 Pick., 496 ; Brown vs. O'Brien, 2 Carder, 423; 
The People vs. Kilduft", 15 111). 

In the case of Strong, above cited, the Court intimates that the party 
might still be obliged to resort to quo warranto, and in Brown vs. O'Brien he 
says that the writ confers no right, but merely places the party in possession, 
which enables him to assert his right, which, in some cases, he could not other- 
wise do ; and farther, there may possibly be cases in which this writ would not 
be applicable for any purpose or in any degree. 

It has been remarked that the duty of the canvassers is ministerial in its 
nature, and such it is in the main ; but this is not true universally. There are 
points in the range of their duty where it partakes of the judicial or allows of 
the discretionary character (The People vs. Cook, 14 Barb., 294); but so far 
as the present case bears upon them, they are ministerial. 

The next subject of examination is the answer that the duty has already 
been performed. Inasmuch as the canvassers have rejected the returns from 
three of the townships which they should have counted, it is legally true 
that the duty has not been discharged, and when the writ now commands, it is 
not in a proper legal sense to recanvass, but to canvass the returns of that 
election. It is to do that Avhich was their duty, but which ihey omitted. What 
has been done is as if it had not been done, and the Judge is commanded to pro- 
ceed as if no former steps had been taken. 

To say that the Judge is commanded to do a particular act in a particular 
way, is not a strictly correct use of language. He is commanded to do some- 
thing which he has omitted to do, which is the very object of the writ. But 
even as the objection is stated, it is not necessary; for the manner may be of the 
essence, and the mandate may be correct if the manner is not a subject of dis- 
cretion. To the first part of the twenty fourth objection ive answer, in view of what 
has been said, that the ivrit does show that the canvassers are legally bound to 
do the act required. 

This duty is a result of the facts stated and the law applied to them. 

The objections to the writ presented in the answer are so numerous that it 
is impossible within reasonable limits to respond to them severally, and we 
would say, generally, that the answer is partly an answer to the information, 
and so far requires no attention. A portion of the objections go to matters 
which fell within the cognizance of the County Judge in ordering the election, 
and he having acted, they do not remain subjects of examination, and others are 
not pertinent to the present inquiry ; others still are not sufficient to invalidate 
the election, though well founded as matters of fact. 

In the matter of public right, any citizen may be a relator in an application 
for a mandamus. (The People vs. Collins, 19, Wend. 5, 6; Pike County vs. 
The People, 111., 202; Napier vs. Poe, 12 Georgia, 170.) 

The allegations of fraud and bribery in the election do not come within the 
cognizance of the court under this proceeding. 

These and other objections might be proper subjects of examination in a 
subsequent proceeding, adopted to attest the legality and validity of the election 
or the several steps leading to it, or of the law under which it was held. The 
present one is only to arrive at the result of the election which has been held. 

The remarks before made cover those objections which have an important 
bearing on the present matter. But there remains to be noticed the objection 
that the writ does not show that the defendant was requested to do or perform 
the act and that he has refused. It is stated that a demand must be made and 



372 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

a refusal thereto. (Tap. on Mand. 382-3, and in Chance vs. Temple, 1st Iowa, 
189.) This is true as a general rule, and it is more especially true where the 
proceeding has relation of private rights or interests, as will be observed by the 
subjects treated by Tapping on Mandamus, pages 84, 162, 163, marginal. But 
it is manifest that there are cases affecting public officers or duties where the 
idea of a literal demand and refusal does not have place, there being no one 
particularly empowered to demand, as it does not affect individual interests ; 
but the official duty is in the place of it, and omission or neglect is refusal, and 
especially is this true where the respondent has done an act which he calls a 
performance, but which the law says is not such. The refusal is not necessa- 
rily a literal one. Tapping 1, 282, says it must be either in direct terms or 
by conduct from which a I'efusal can be conclusively implied ; and on page 285, 
he says it is not necessary that the word refused or any equivalent of it should 
be used, but there should be enough from the whole of the facts to show to the 
Court that from some improper reason compliance is withheld, and a direct de- 
termination not to do what is required; and instances are given in which acts 
have been construed to amount to a refusal. We cannot bring ourselves to 
think that in a case of public duty like that at bar, in which the act to be done 
is well known, and should have been performed already if the party did not 
intend not to do it, and where it belongs to no one to demand it, but it does 
belong to the defendant to do it, a formal demand and refusal are not necessary. 
It is clear that duty makes the demand, and omission is the refusal. 

Another point remains. The Court rendered j udgment that a peremptory writ 
issue, but ordered that it be stayed that the cause might be taken to this court. 

From this order the complainant appealed. The matter is of no practical 
importance in the present cause, and does not call for a formal disposition. But 
it may be remarked that no reason is perceived why 'the appeal, with a bond as 
provided by law, would not stay the proceedings as in other cases ; and in that 
case the order would be unnecessary, whilst without the bond the order would 
be unavailing. (The People vs. Steele, 2 Barb., 564.) 

The judgment of the District Court in awarding a peremptory writ of 
mandamus is affirmed, and a writ of procedendo will issue accordingly. 

W. G. Woodward, Justice. 

SPECIAL ORDERS. 

State of Iowa, Supreme Court, December Term, A. D. 1858. 

The State of Iowa, ex rel. Wells S. Rice, ") ^i a i p tvt i n 

I Cross Appeal irom Marshall 

The County Judge of Marshall County, j bounty. 

Comes now counsel for plaintiff, and moves the Court to amend the order 
of this Court for issuing the procedendo to the District Court, so as to require 
the Clerk of said District Court to issue the peremptory writ of mandamus without 
delay ,''returnable at the April term of said District Court, 1859, and commanding 
the defendant to perform the duties required of him in the alternative writ without 
delay ; and theCourt having heard counsel for plaintiff and defendant on said 
motion, and being sufficiently advised of and concerning the premises. 

It is ordered by the Court that the procedendo to the District Court in this 
cause shall direct the Clerk of said District Court to forthwith, upon receiving 
said procedendo, issue the peremptory writ of mandamus, as of the September 
term, 1858. returnable at the April term, 1859, and commanding the defend- 
ant to perform the duties required by the alternative writ heretofore issued, 
without delay. 



\ 




y 




MARSHALLTO^/N 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 375 

I. Lewis Kinsey, Clerk of the Supreme Court of Iowa, do hereby certify 
that the foregoing contains a full, true and complete copy of the record entry 
in the cause to which it refers — as full, true and complete as the same now re- 
mains of record in my office. 

Witness my hand and the seal of said Court hereto affixed. Done at Des 
Moines, this 31st day of December, 1858. Lewis Kinsey 

[seal.] Clerli: Supreme Court of Iowa. 

PROCEDENDO. 

The State of Iowa to the District Court of Marshall County : 

Whereas, The Supreme Court of said State being lately certified of the 
record and proceedings in a certain cause which was in the District Court for 
Marshall County and State aforesaid, wherein the State of Iowa, ex rel. Wells 
S. Rice, plaintiff, and the County Judge of Marshall County, defendant ; in 
which said cause judgment was rendered against the said defendant, from 
which judgment so rendered the said defendant appealed to the said Supreme 
Court ; and the said Court having duly examined the records and proceedings 
aforesaid in the premises, at the Capitol at Des Moines, in said State, on the 
17th day of December, 1858, did affirm the judgment aforesaid, as rendered in 
the court below, and order that the Clerk of the D'strict Court, forthwith upon 
receiving this writ, issue the peremptory writ of mandamus as of the September 
term, 1858, returnable at the April term, 1859, commanding the defendant to 
perform the duties required by the alternative writ heretofore issued, without delay; 

Therefore, you are hereby commanded, that, with the speed which of right 
and according to law you may, you proceed in the same manner as if no appeal 
had been taken and prosecuted in this Court, anything in the record or proceed- 
ing aforesaid heretofore certified to the contrary notwithstanding. 

Witness, Lewis Kinsey, Clerk of the Supreme Court, with the seal of the 
said Court hereunto affixed, at Des Moines, this 6th day of January, A. D. 
1859. Lewis Kinsey, 

[seal.] Clerk of the Supreme Court. 

In compliance with the foregoing orders, James L. Williams, Clerk of the 
District Court, issued the following mandamus : 

MANDAMUS. 

The State of Iowa, County of Marshall, ss.: To the County Judge of 
Marshall County, Grreeting : 

Whereas, on the 21st day of April, A. D. 1858, an alternative writ of 
mandamus was issued from the Clerk's office of the District Court of Marshall 
County, directed to the said County Judge of Marshall County, which writ was 
duly executed and returned, and such proceedings were had therecn by the said 
District Court, that, upon a full hearing thereof, a peremptory writ of mandamus 
was adjudged to issue, from which judgment the parties interested therein 
appealed to the Supreme Court of Iowa; And, whereas, the judgment of the 
District Court aforesaid, was affirmed in and by the said Supreme Court of 
Iowa, upon which judgment of affirmance a writ of procedendo has been issued 
from the Clerk's office of the Supreme Court, and has this day been duly filed 
in the Clerk's office of the District Court aforesaid, and by which procedendo 
the Clerk of the said District Court of Marshall County is ordered forthwith, 
on receiving the said procedendo, to issue the peremptory writ of mandamus as 
of the September term, 1858, returnable at the April term, 1859, command- 
ing the defendant to perform the duties required by the alternative writ hereto- 

E 



376 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

fore issued without delay ; Now, these are, therefore, in the name of the State 
of Iowa to connnand you to forthwith take to your assistance two Justices of the 
Peace of said county of Marshall, and recanvass the votes cast at the April 
election, 1858, in said county, on the question of relocating the county seat of 
said county of Marshall, at the town of Marshall in said county, and in such 
recanvass to count the votes cast respectively on said question in the townships 
of Le Grand, Green Castle and Marion, in said county, according to the returns 
of said election from said townships now on file in your office, and when so re- 
canvassed, to declare the result in accordance with said vote at the said elec- 
tion, and that ycu make out returns hereof, together with your actions and 
doings hereunder, to the District Court of Marshall County at the next April 
term, thereof you are not to fail. 

In testimony whereof, I, James L. Williams, Clerk of the District Court of 
Marshall County, have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of said Court 
this 6th day of January, A. D. 1859. James L. Williams, 

[seal.] Clerl". 

It is claimed by some of the Marietta men that Justice Wright presented a 
dissenting opinion in the preceding case, and that the opposition to Marshall, 
on their part, was largely based on this decision. We can find no trace of any 
such opinion. The reports contain no mention of it. The singular feature of 
this part of the case is that the impression that Judge Wright made a state- 
ment, should be so wide-spread, without some available evidence to substan- 
tiate the belief. 

The peremptory mandamus was made out, but illegally served upon the 
County Judge. The law explicitly provides that the original writ shall be 
personally served on the party ; but in this case a copy was read to the Judge, 
who certified to having been served in that manner. This irregular proceeding 
created a whirl of excitement among the Marshall faction. 

It is a disputed question as to whether a legal service of the peremptory 
mandamus was ever made upon the Judge. At all events, he called to his assis- 
tance two Justices of the Peace, and proceeded to recanvass the vote as ordered. 
The Justices, John Turner and Elias Wolohan, were both Marietta men, and 
claimed that the order of the Supreme Court did not tell them Iww to canvass, 
leaving it discretionary with them. From this opinion Judge Smith dissented, but 
but was overruled by the two Justices, who proceeded to count the vote as it had pre- 
viously been counted, and declare Marietta the properly designated county seat. 
The recanvass was made at Marietta, on the 6th day of January, 1859, 
and the following returns made and filed with ihe county Judge : 
Abstract of the ballots in the several townships in the county of Marshall, State of Iowa, on 
Monda^, the 5th day of April, 1858, for the county seat of said county of Marshall, in the 
State of Iowa : 

Name of Township or Precinct. 

Le Grand* 

Marshall 

Marietta 

Liberty 

Bangor 

Iowa 

Marion* 

Eden 

Jefferson 

Green Castle* 

Vienna 18 8 

Total 462 519 



Marshall. 


Marietta. 


204 




13 


177 


1 


103 


3 


94 


126 


106 


18 


".30 


79 


1 



^A majority of the Board of County Canvassers decide that there is no return from this township. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 377 

State of Towa, County of Mabshali., ss : We, the undersigned Board of County Can- 
vassers in and for the county and State aforesaid, do hereby certify that we have this day can- 
vassed the votes cast tor the county seat of said county ^)f Marshall, in the State of Iowa, in the 
several townships in said county, on Monday, the 5th day of April, A. U. 18-58, and find the 
result to be as follows, to wit : Whole number of votes cast for the county seat of said county of 
Marshall, in the State of Iowa, nine hundred and eighty-one, of which Marietta received five 
hundred and nineteen votes, and Marshall received four hundred and sixty-two votes, for the 
county seat of Marshall County, Towa. Marietta, having received the highest number of votes 
for the county seat of the said county of Marshall, in the State of Iowa, is declared elected. 

In witness whereof, we have hereunto set 9ur official signatures (William C. Smith, County 
Judge, dissenting in opinion), and affixed the seal of said county of Marshall, at Marietta, this, 
the 6th day of January, A. I). 185'.t. 

William C. Smith, County Judge, dissenting, he having decided that there were returns 
from the townships of Le Grand, Marion and Green Castle, and the majority deciding there 
were not. William C. Smith, County Judge, 

John Turner, Justice of the Peace, 

[seal.] Elias Wolohan, Justice of the Peace, 

County Canvassem. 

State of Iowa, Marshall County, ss.: I, William C. Smith, County Judge within and for 
said county, do hereby certify that the within and foregoing is a true and complete copy of the 
county canvass, had on the 6th day of January, 1859, of the ballots cast on Monday, the 5tli day 
of April, 1858, on the question of the removal of the county seat of Marshall County, Iowa, 
from the town of Marietta to the town of Marshall, in said county. 

Witness my hand, with the seal of said county hereto affixed, this 8th day of January, 
A. D. 1859. 

[seal.] William C. Smith, County Judge. 

The case was then taken to the District Court, and a writ of attachment 
issued against the Judge of the county, because of the recounting of the vote 
in favor of Marietta — that is, because of the action of the Justices. The 
Judge absented himself from the county temporarily, and thereby avoided 
arrest. 

After the adjournment of the District Court, Mr. Smith returned, and ap- 
pealed the case to the Supreme Court, when, at the October term, 1859, the fol- 
lowing opinion was delivered : 

The State of Iowa upon the Relation of" 
Wells S. Rice, 

vs. ■ j> Marshall County, Appellants. 

W. C. Smith, 
County Judge of Marshall County. 

Henderson & Clarke for Petitioners ; Eastman and Cole & Jewett for Re- 
spondent. 

The same cause was before this Court at the December term, A. D. 1858. 
A peremptory writ of mandamus had been ordered by the Clerk of the District 
Court, and the defendant appealed. 

The judgment of that Court was affirmed, and the writ issued accordingly. 
In the return to the alternative writ, the County Judge and Canvassers had stated 
that they had rejected the returns from the townships of Green Castle, Le 
Grand and Marion for insufficiency. 

It was held they were not authorized to adjudge upon their sufficiency or 
validity, but if they were returns the canvassers must count them, and leave 
their sufficiency to be determined in some other proceedings, and that even this 
Court could not adjudicate this question in that cause. 

In the certificate of the returns to the peremptory writ, the County Judge 
states that in recanvassing the returns of the election, in obedience to the per- 
emptory writ, a majority of the canvassers decided that the papers supposed to 
be returns from the three townships were not returns, the two Justices so hold- 
ing, and he dissenting ; and he sets forth the canvass made by them. In con- 



378 HISTORY OF MARSHALL' COUNTY. 

sequence of this decision, the returns from those three townships were not 
counted. 

In this stage of the case, the relator moved for a writ of attachment against 
the County Judge, and that the above certificate of return be set aside. This 
was set aside, and the writ of attachment was issued. There is strictly no re- 
turn to the peremptory writ ; it is to be obeyed, and a certificate is made of what 
has been done. (Tapp on Mand., top page, 61, 389, 445, 456, State vs. Jones). 

A writ of attachment was issued, running against the County Judge, with- 
out naming him. a return of non est being made, an alias issued, and the same 
return was made, and a pluries was issued. 

The defendant then appeared, by his counsel, and moved that it be (|uashed, 
for the reason that the writs ran against the County Judge, and the returns to 
the former writ of attachment showed that the individual was absent from the 
county, and could therefore do no act as a Judge (the former certificate having 
been made before the term of the court), and that the County Judge, " de jure 
or de facto " — that is, the Judge or his legal substitute — was always present in 
the county. 

The writ of attachment should run against who may be entitled as the 
County Judge, but it should not is?ue against the official canvassers. There 
was, however, occasion for such a writ. In the prior proceedings the returns 
from the three townships had been treated as returns. They had been rejected 
for insufficiency only, and the command of the peremptory writ was that they 
should be counted. After this, it did not lie in the i)ower of the canvassers to 
say that they were not returns. 

The order of the peremptory writ extends to the Justices as well as to the 
County Judge, in its legal effect. If it were not so, they might defeat the ob- 
ject intende(l, and so it would in this case. The Judge, with the Justices, as 
canvassers, must do what is commanded by the writ. Therefore, the writ of 
attachment should have issued against the Justices as well as the Judge. The 
County Judge cannot control them and their actions ; but this belongs to the 
District Court. The only discretion now left them is to compute the votes for 
the respective places. 

The Judge having returned that he was willing to obey, cannot be made to 
suffer for disobedience, but he can still be caused to do the act. 

The return of a copy of proceedings made by the County Clerk, and show- 
\n(f a subsequent canvass, with the assistance of still other Justices, cannot be 
regarded. 

It is not certified nor returned by the Judge, and, besides, the Judge, with 
the two Justices first called under a peremptory writ, or a majority of them, 
must be caused to obey the writ. They have been called, and they are not yet 
discharged. 

The appeal of the defendant is from the order setting aside the certificate 
of return and granting the pluries writ of attachment, and from them refused 
to set them aside. This writ should be set aside ; but, because it runs against 
the County Judge alone, and against him in his official name, and such a writ 
must issue against William C. Smith, the County Judge, and against John 
Turner and Elias Wolohan (who Avere the Justices of the Peace called to act as 
canvassers), to all of whom the command of the peremptory writ extended, and 
they are to be dealt with according to law in such case. Until they obey the 
peremptory writ of mandamus, the judgment of the District Court is, therefore, 
reversed, and a writ of procedendo will issue. 

[Signed.] W. G. AVoodward, Justice. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 379 

The newspapers waged as bitter a war as we have ever noticed, even in 
Western journalism. So emphatic were the utterances that quotation from the 
cohimns of those papers in this chapter would be an act of personal injustice to 
interested parties. It must be admitted, however, that the Marshall County 
Times was conducted with marked ability, coming into this struggle at a little 
later date than we have now reached. It began in 1858, and was conducted 
on the true basis of news. The loiva Central Journal^ a Marshall faction 
paper, published at Albion, and the Marietta Express, are conspicuous factors in 
the battle ; but the files are so imperfect that the writer is unable to gather 
much of value therefrom. This careless preservation of these files is a fact to 
be seriously regretted by both newspaper men in the county and the historian. 

Ax this juncture in the affairs of the two armies, the Marshall men, who 
were rendered more demonstrative by the articles published by Mr. H. C 
Henderson, in the Times, resorted to forcible means to attain their ends. Com- 
plaint was made by Sylvanus Rice against Judge Smith and his aids for mal- 
feasance in ofiice, before N. F. Yeamans, a Justice of the Peace in Marshall : 
and warrants were issued for the arrest of the recalcitrant officials. 

It is necessary to return to a date somewhat earlier than the arrest of the 
Canvassers to explain a measure proposed by the Marietta men, before proceed- 
ing with the account of the "trial" of Smith. 

Soon after the recanvass by Turner and Wolohan, a meeting was secretly 
called at Marietta, of which Judge Smith was in ignorance. At that meeting, 
the subject of compelling the settlement of the contest by the erection of an ex- 
pensive Court House at Marietta was freely discussed. The prime mover in 
the matter was William Dishon. 

The day folloAving this meeting, Dishon approached Smith wdth the scheme, 
which was the issuance of county bonds, in a large sum, to Dishon, in payment 
for a Court House building that would be so fine as to preclude the probability 
of a continuance of the struggle. It was hoped thereby to reach the pockets 
of enough disinterested voters to carry the day ; for the erection of county 
buildings was a matter not to be treated lightly. 

Smith refused to entertain the proposition at first, but consented to attend 
a secret meeting on the following night, The meeting was held, and each man 
in attendance was sworn to secrecy. There were present H. E. J. Boardman, 
William Dishon, Thomas Mercer, James L. Williams, Thomas B. Abell and 
many others. The question was fully argued. Dishon stated that he had con- 
ferred with the leading men of the county, and found them almost unanimous 
in favor of the plan, which would end the tiresome controversy. It is said 
there w'as a diversity of opinion in the meeting, however. Smith opposed the 
matter, according to his own statement made to the writer. The account here 
given is almost a literal copy of his report. After a lengthy arguing of the 
case. Smith consented that Dishon should go to Des Moines and consult with 
Messrs. Crocker, Cole and Casady, lawyers. If they thought it legal and 
prudent, he would consent. Dishon went to Des Moines, and was absent 
during the proceedings which we are about to relate. 

Sylvanus Rice charged the Board of Canvassers, Smith, Turner and Wolo- 
han with crime and malfeasance in office, entering his complaint before Justice 
Yeamans, at Marshall, and procured warrants for their arrest. Sheriff Harris 
proceeded to Marietta with the warrants, and at once took Turner and Wolohan 
into custody. The County Court being then in session, presided over by Judge 
Smith, the Sheriff refrained from serving the warrant ujxm the Judge until the 
adjournment of the Court in the evening. He then took the three Canvassers 



380 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

into his charge and prepared to return to Marshall. The citizens of Marietta 
opposed Smith's going, anticipating trouble from the Marshall men ; but the 
Judge re])lied that he would go as freely to answer this charge as he would go 
to his supper. A number of the Marietta men accompanied the Judge. 

When within a mile and a half of Marshall, the party Avas met by a large 
number of men, who manifested considerable feeling. The Judge had no idea 
of the real condition of affairs in Marshall, and the appearance of this body of 
men naturally aroused in his mind a sense of alarm. 

When he reached the town, he found many hundred persons surrounding 
the Court House. It was then about 7 oclock in the evening. After calling 
Court, to which the Sheriff responded with his prisoners. Justice Yeamans 
adjourned the same for supper. After the adjournment, Mr. Woodbury invited 
Smith to go wuth him to tea. The Judge responded that he did not know 
whether he was at liberty to do' so, since he w as in the custody of the Sheriff. Mr. 
Harris gave him permission to go with Mr. Woodbury, and they proceeded to 
the house of the latter, Avhere a social meal was enjoyed until about 8 o'clock. 
There was at that time an alarm at the door. Upon opening it, Mr. Wood- 
bury discovered the Rev. Mr. Babcock, a Methodist clergyman, located at 
Marshall, who expressed an earnest desire to see Mr. Smith. The Judge 
stepped out of the door, when Mr. Babcock conducted him around the house to 
a retired place, and there told him that he had come to him as a friend. Mr. 
Babcock assured him that he must recanvass the vote and declare the same in 
favor of Marshall, or he would certainly be lynched before morning. The 
Judge responded to him that he did not then know what he should do, but that 
he most strenuously refused to make a voluntary canvass of the votes, or to 
comply with the request. 

The gentlemen were then joined by Messrs. Woodbury, Brown, Hepburn 
and Glick, and a general conversation ensued. The weather was cold, and Mr. 
Woodbury invited the party into his office, where the conversation was continued. 
The Judge was again assured of the necessity of the recanvass in order to 
pacify the people and prevent personal violence to himself The Judge met all 
these propositions with a firm refusal to entertain the same, but suggested his 
willingness to submit the matter to a competent jury of unbiased lawyers, and 
said that he was willing to abide by their decision, after a full presentation of 
both sides of the case. This proposal was at once rejected by the Marshall 
men. He told them that he realized that he was in their power, and might be 
compelled through the exercise of force to obey their commands, but that he 
was opposed to such proceedings, and that if he did recanvass, it would be 
against his will and by compulsion, and consequently would not be legal. 

The party then started to return to the Court House. The Judge observed 
that the house was surrounded by men. Upon the re-ass 'mbling of court, the 
Judge offered to waive examination as to the alleged malfeasance in office, and be 
bound over to appear at the next term of the District Court to answer to the 
charge. The Court refused to entertain the plea. He then applied for a 
change of venue ; said that he could get no justice in the tribunal before which 
he was arraigned, and made oath to the necessity of such procedure. This 
request w'as also refused. Mr. Smith now states that at this stage of the so- 
called trial, he distinctly heard from the men without the Court House (for tbe 
room could not contain all who were assembled) the cries of "Lynch him ! " 
" Blow out the lights I " " J^et us clean out the Marietta men I " 

At this juncture of affairs, when violence seemed imminent, Messrs. Wood- 
bury and Glick approached the Judge, and said to him, " Come with us.'" They 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUHTY. 381 

led him down into the street, one upon either side, and asked him where he 
wanted to go. He told them that his first choice, of course, was to go home, 
but that, if he could not go there, he desired to be taken to his father's house, 
just across Linn Creek. 'They consented to go with him, and conducted him 
to the place mentioned. They led him to his father's gate, and told him to go 
in. to rest quietly, and to come up in the morning, and settle matters then. 

The Judge went into the house and was engaged in telling his father of the 
aflfairs of the day, when some one rapped at the door. He opened the door and 
found two Justices of the Peace, Messr^. Jarvis and Haskins. He inquired 
their business, and was informed that they had come there to reeanvass the vote. 
" To-night ? " asked the Judge. " Yes," responded the Justices. 

The moon was shining brightly, and Judge Smith was able to distinguish 
the forms of many men in the vicinity of the house. Parson Babcock put in 
an appearance, and told the Judge that he desired him to accompany him to 
his (the parson's) house. Smith asked what was wanted of him. and Babcock 
replied that he would find out after he got there. 

The Judge stepped into the yard, when he was surrounded by men, two on 
each side, two in front and two behind. He was led up Linn Creek to the old 
mill, where the oil-mill now stands, thence across the dam and back to town. 
He was taken to Babcock's house, and conducted into an upper chamber. 
There Messrs. Woodbury and Hepburn expressed a desire to have the vote 
recanvassed. Smith assured the gentlemen that he would comply with their 
demands, but that the work was performed on compulsion, and would not stand 
in law. The Marshall men were willing to take all chances on this score, and 
ordered the Judge to proceed. 

Soine time prior to this, as though in anticipation of the events of the night, 
Mr. Woodbury had obtained an impression of the county seal upon blank paper, 
in a surreptitious manner, while at the Court House in Marietta. The returns 
of election were all made out, and required merely the signature of Judge Smith 
to give them the appearance of validity. The name was subscribed to these 
papers, as before related, and the following canvass made : 

Abstract of votes cast for county seat on Monday, the oth day of April, A. D. 1858, for the 
county seat of said county of Marshall, in the State of Iowa. 

William C. Smith, County Judge. 

Abstract of the ballots cast in the several townships in the county of Marshall and State of 
Iowa, on Monday, the oth day of April, A. D. 1858, for the county seat of said county of 
Marshall, in the State of Iowa : 

Name of Township or Precinct. Marshall. Marietta. Le Grand. 

Le Grand 79 19 1 

Marshall 204 

Marietta 13 177 

Liberty 1 103 

Bangor 3 94 

Iowa 126 106 

Marion 87 17 

Eden 18 30 

Jefferson 79 1 

Green Castle 39 7 

Vienna 18 8 



Total 667 562 1 

State of Iowa, Marshall County, ss.: We, the undersigned Board of 
County Canvassers, in and for the county aforesaid, do hereby certify that we 
have this day canvassed the votes cast for the county seat of said county of 
Marshall in the State of Iowa, in the several townships in said county, on 



382 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

Monday, the 5th day of April. A. D. 1858, and .find the result to be as follows, 
to wit : Whole number of votes cast for tlie county seat of said county of Mar- 
shall in the State of Iowa, twelve hundred and thirty, of which Marietta 
received five hundred and sixty-two votes, and Marshall received six hundred 
and sixty-seven votes, and Le Grand received one vote for the county seat of 
Marshall County, Iowa. 

Marshall, having received the highest number of votes cast for the county 
seat of said county of Marshall, in the State ol Iowa, we therefore declare Mar- 
shall to be the county seat of said county. 

In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our ofiicial signatures, with the 
seal of said county hereunto affixed, this, the 11th day of January, A. D. 1859. 

WiLLiAiM C. Smith, County Judge, 
J. H. Jarvis, Justice of the Peace, 
C. A. Haskins, Justice of the Peace, 

County Canvassers. 

State of Iowa, Marshall County, ss.: Whereas, On this 11th day of 
January, A. D. 1859, I, William C. Smith, County Judge within and for said 
county, did take to my assistance C. A. Haskins, Esq., and J. H. Jarvis, Esq., 
two Justices of the Peace of said county, and canvassed the votes cast at the 
April election, A. D. 1858, in said county, on the question of the removal of 
the county seat of said county of Mai-shall, in the State of Iowa, from the town 
of Marietta to the town of Marshall, in said county, I do hereby declare 
Marshall to be the county seat of Marshall County, Iowa. 

William C. Smith, County Judge. 

It is shown, notwithstanding the denials, that the opportunity was then im- 
proved to serve upon the Judge the peremptory writ of mandamus ordering 
the removal of the records. The service was admitted in the following docu- 
ment : 

LEGAL SERVICE OF PEREMPTORY WRIT. 

Received the original writ (of which the within is a true copy), for service, this 11th day of 
January, A. D. 18o!1, and served the same original the same day by delivering the same to Will- 
iam C. Smith, the County Judge of Marshal County, Iowa, in person, at his office in Marietta, in 
said county. 

Witness my hand and seal, the day and year above mentioned. 

[seal.] L. L. Harris, 

Sheriff of Marshall County, Iowa. 

When these returns and service of writ were made, the Judge proceeded to 
issue the following 

ORDER FOR REMOVAL OF COUNTY PROPERTY. 

State of Iowa, Maushall County, ss.: To the Sheriff of A/nrfhall County, Greeting : 

Whereas, On the 11th diy of January, A. D. 185!i, Marsliall was declared by authority of 
law to be the county seat of Marshall County, Iowa, you are, therefore, hereby authorized and 
required to remove, carefully and unharmed, all the records, books, papers, documents and other 
property belonging to said county, now in the town of Marietta, in said county, to the town of 
Marshall, in said county. 

Witness my hand, this lltli day of January, A. D. 1859. 

Wm. C. Smith, County Judge. 

After these formalities were completed, the Judge was shown to bed and no 
harm was done him. The house was guarded, however, during the entire night. 

Mr. Woodbury came to the Judge and advised with him relative to the pro- 
ceedings of the Marshall men. Now that they were armed with the Judge's 
order to the officers of the county to deliver up the property, they were half 



HISTORY OF :MARSHALL COUNTY. 383 

crazed. Mr. Smith advised a peaceful attempt to carry out the order, fearing 
that a forcible exhibition would provoke feeling and end in bloodshed. 

Mr. Woodbury wanted the Judge to go to Marietta and urge the delivery of 
the archives ; but Smith replied that such an act would place him between two 
fires and result in certain death. He could not go to Marietta and tell his 
townsmen that he had voluntarily consented to the issuance of the order, for 
that would be false ; nor could he consent to telling the people publicly that 
the order had been forced from him, for that would create so bitter an antago- 
nism among the armed Marshall men as to result in his bodily injury. For 
these reasons he refused to go to Marietta with Mr. Woodbury. 

At this critical period, Mr. E. N. Chapin, who then lived at Albion, came to see 
the Judge and ascertain the true state of afiairs. Mr. Smith speaks in warm- 
est praise of the disinterested friendship manifested for him at that alarming 
time by Mr. Chapin, who stood by him, in the name of justice, as no other 
person did. 

Mr. Chapin says that he asked the Judge Avhether he had voluntarily made 
the recanvass. The Judge told him that he had made it because he considered 
it the safest thing to do ; that he had not acted voluntarily in the matter, but 
that he was actuated by fears for his personal safety. Mr. Chapin urged him 
to do what he considered right in the matter, and the Judge replied that he 
would be governed by the proper motives in all he did. 

It may be overstepping the bounds of our office to interpolate the result of 
our investigations here; but, at the hazard of creating comment, we shall express 
what we consider the sentiment of both factions in the affair just related. No 
one has made a more exhaustive examination of this contest than we have done. 
The courts have passed upon various legal phases of the question ; but those 
opinions were rendered in the height of the conflict, and were in themselves 
but fragments of the controversy. Brief histories have been prepared by persons 
more or less interested here, and necessarily to that degree unconsciously biased by 
friendship or other causes. We are the first to literally mine out the volumi- 
nous records, and prepare a full and connected account of the " war." The posi- 
tion occupied by the historian is sufficiently elevated above interests local and 
personal and generally independent, to allow a free and unobstructed view of 
the late field of battle. We therefore submit the following opinion of the pro- 
ceedings thus far, as the result of impartial consideration. 

Marshall was seriously in earnest in her attempt to gain the victory. Not 
only was she governed by a desire to acquire wealth and position by the loca- 
tion of the seat with her, but there was a still stronger vein of feeling underly- 
ing her action, which was a dislike of failure in the cause she had espoused. 
These were both natural motives for vigorous conduct, and apply as well to 
Marietta as to Marshall. 

The leyal question had been decided in favor of Marshall, and therein lay 
her strongest claim. The question arose as to the surest method of enforcing 
the advantage gained by the decision of the Supreme Court. Marietta consid- 
ered the opinion of the Court not only unjust, but even biased ; and was as 
firmly determined to maintain her nine points of possession as Marshall was to 
override them. Knowing the metal of Marietta men, Marshall concluded that 
a displaji of force upon the Judge separately would effect the desired purpose, 
and avoid armed conflict. We do not wish to impugn Judge Smith's bravery, 
but it appears to us that there was more show of violence than there was a sincere 
spirit to perpetrate it. The arrest of the Judge and the liberation of the two 
Canvassers, Turner and Wolohan, while he was retained, shows that the Mar- 



384 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

shall men were bent on one purpose alone, viz., the obtaining of his signature 
tc the preconcerted recanvass papers. The unwarranted possession of the im- 
pression of the county seal, and the united action of the Marshall men on the 
night of the Judge's arrest ; the refusal to extend liis lawful right of change of 
venue, that he might carry his case to the District Court, stamp the proceed- 
ings before Justice Yeamans a farce. 

Therefore, we express the belief, that had Judge Smith absolutely refused 
to obey the demands of his opponents, he would have held the key to the situ- 
ation. Violence would never have been used against him, had he done so. 

The men interested in the Marshall movement were the leading men of the 
town. Messrs. Woodbury, Glick, Hepburn, et al.^ would no more have dared 
to lift their hands against the Judge than they would against us for writing 
these lines. There were hot-blooded men in the crowd, but the town was not 
in a state of anarchy, and the leaders were amply able to control the reckless 
spirits. The whole matter was intended as an intimidation merely, and as that, 
succeeded in full degree. 

Judge Smith is in no way to blame for his. conduct. The appearance of 
violence is as unpleasant, oftentimes, as the actual existence of danger. Smith 
was alone, and felt that he was in the power of his political enemies. He 
yielded under protest, and obeyed their commands. 

At a later period in the contest, there was great danger of bloodshed ; for 
Marshall had grown somewhat reckless in her victory over the Judge. But at 
the time of the signing of the returns, the blood of the leaders was not hot 
enough to permit any outrages in the village of Marshall. The naturally ex- 
cited mind of the Judge saw more to create apprehension than really existed, 
we have no doubt. 

This statement is due to Marshall, since we have given the Judge's account 
of the arrest, almost verbatim, and with his full knowledge. It is not just that 
the names of those who controlled the Marshall faction should pass into history 
as willful violators of law and order, to the extent of encouraging so enormous 
a crime as murder. Had the Judge refused their demands, and asked " What 
are you going to do about it ? " the leaders would have answered, "Nothing." 
They would have been compelled to restrain the worst element in order to pre- 
serve their own safety as well as honor. The death of Judge Smith would 
have resulted in the burning of Marshall and the ostracism of its leading 
men. This fact was fully known by all, and would have controlled if fairness 
and honesty could not. 

Having received the signature of the Judge to returns declaring Marshall 
the county seat, it then devolved upon the Marshallites to secure the records 
and county property. This was a task of no small magnitude, since the archives 
were in the hands of men as intrepid as any in the State. But neither party 
was of a nature to falter at dangerous work. 

On the 11th of January, 1859, Sherift' Harris ordered out the company of 
militia, commanded by Capt. E. Shurtz. The following order was issued : 

Marshall, .Januarj' 11, 1859. 
<"apt. E. Shurtz, Esq. : 

Sir — You are hereby commanded to summon your company to he and appear before the 
Court House in Marietta, in Marshall County, Iowa, arnieil and equipped as by law required, 
forthwith ; and by no means whatsoever harm or molest any one without my ordei's. 

Hereof fail not, under the pains and penalties of the laws of the State of Iowa. 

You are further comman<led to strictly forbid any loose talk or swearing, .or even threats, 
from any one of your company. L. L. Harris, Sheriff of Marshall Counii/, foira. 

Judge Smith was still at Parson Babcock's house. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 385 

All was hurry, bustle and excitement in Marshall, It was designed to keep 
the intended attack upon the Court House a secret, and accomplish the capture 
bv strategy. But fortune smiled upon the Marietta forces. There were friends 
of that party in Marshall Avhen the summons came, and they speedily set forth, 
like Paul Revere, to warn the sleeping citizens of the approach of invading 
hordes. Messrs. Boardman and Turner Avere in Marshall with a somewhat 
worn wagon, but that did not deter them from making royal speed homeward. 
On they dashed, regardless of the safety of life or limb. Disaster overtook 
them in their hurried flight, but did not dishearten them in the least. A tire 
flew off' their wheel, and on they went, rattling away on broken fellies and bat- 
tered spokes. At last they reached the citadel and aroused the friends of per- 
sonal liberty. The story was quickly told, but the trouble lay in finding an 
organizer. Mr. Greener arrived early in the day and told the story to startled 
Marietta. Neither Deputy Sheriff" nor Coroner lived in the village ; but William 
H. Weatherly was there, and to him, as an experienced officer of the law, papers 
were issued at once as Special Sheriff". 

Mr. W. rallied his troops, which were armed with all sorts of implements of 
war. Men were stationed in front of the building and others were placed about 
it. Orders Avere given not to fire without positive commands from the Special 
Sheriff". In this position the defenders of the court records and tax rolls 
awaited the approach of the Marshall troops. Finally, down the road appeared 
the forces, vaguely seen in the winter morning. The invaders halted at a safe 
distance and made known their business. Sheriff" Harris accosted Sheriff" Weath- 
erly, and demanded a peaceful surrender ; but that was not within the power of 
the Marietta Captain to grant. He told the Sheriff" to retire, or he would not 
be responsible for personal injury to him. Sheriff" Harris was not a cowardly 
man, but he desired to be safely out of complications that endangered future 
political preferment. 

Parley after parley was held, but the same answer was returned. The 
Marietta men answered that the archives could be taken away only over their 
dead bodies. The Marshall men, supported by the Bowen Guards, armed with 
Government muskets, were determined to take the records, even at the hazard 
of life. The Guards were under the command of Capt. Elliott Shurtz, First 
Lieut. George Hampton and Second Lieut. Wells S. Rice. The regular body 
numbered, probably, fifty arms, while as many more men, armed at will, were 
following in the wake of the Guards. There were, doubtless, several hun- 
dred Marshall men on the grounds. The Marietta forces may have reached 
fifty strong, but they •' held the fort." 

The little town was turned into a martial camp. It is said that a keg of 
powder was placed under the county safe, with which to blow up the records in 
case the Court House was captured. Even the women were belligerent, and 
armed themselves with such articles of defense and off"ense as were within their 
reach. James L.- Williams was to fire the train .and blow up the Court House, 
in case of its capture. Had the Marshall men reached the safe, probably a 
score of lives would have been instantly sacrificed by the explosion of the 
mine. 

While the leaders of the Marshall men were not bent on bloody work, they 
were disposed to make as formal a show of authority as possible, and intimidate 
those whom they really believed were violators of the law. The valiant little 
band of Marietta guards were as sincere in their defense of the county property 
as were the Minute Men of the Revolution, and were ready to fall, if need be, 
in the discharge of a duty. The bristling bayonets of the Bowen Guards were. 



886 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

in the eyes of Marietta, the evidences of tyranny, so cursed in the estimation 
of every American, and must be brought low before the defenders of the ftiith. 

Sheriff Weatherly meant to restrain the hot-blooded young men of his party 
until the invaders opened the battle ; but he was equally firm in the intention 
to order his men to fire low, if an assault was made on his brave little company. 

The Bowen Guards and posse comitatus did not go forth with '' music and 
banners," but they were as ready to fight as ever was the bravest company of 
Union men when face to face with traitors. When the company reached Mari- 
etta, a body of "cavalry" preceded the "infantry." The greeting of this 
military cavalcade was far from complimentary. Even the women of Marietta 
were up in arms, ready for the fray. It is said that Mrs. Boardman, wife of 
the leading spirit of Marietta, provided herself with a gun and marched out to 
defend her home. One of the company became impertinent to her, and, with 
true Western grit, she ordered him to observe proper respect, or she would shoot 
him on the spot. 

One of the most humorous of all the incidents was the appearance of Mr. 
Daly on the scene, armed with a huge sausage-stuifer, from which he sent forth 
streams of muddy water upon the invading hosts. 

It is said that the clerical robes of the reverend Chaplain of the day, Mr. 
Babcock, of Marshall, were badly soiled with eggs thrown by the fair hands of 
Marietta ladies, and that the voices of gentle women were heard all day long in 
tone J suited rather to outdoor exercises than to parlor conversation. But there 
was an air of earnestness in all their doings which proclaimed their sincerity in 
the advocacy of the cause. 

There was a desperate element among the men on both sides, which was kept 
from open riot only by the firm, cool judgment of the leaders of both factions. 
When the day advanced and the time drew near for definite proceedings. Sheriff 
Harris approached Mr. Weatherly and quietly asked for the records. Weath- 
erly drew Harris aside and told him that his "hide would not hold straw" if 
he remained there much longer. Harris took the hint and made no further 
demonstration. This left the ordering of the battle to Capt. Shurtz, who had 
grown disgusted at the delay caused by Harris' parleying. The Guards were 
rested just out of the village, but the place was alive with independent Marshall 
men. Shurtz finally went over and held a council of war, and then moved his 
men into the public square. A barricade was constructed within a few feet of 
the Court House and the cloud of battle began to lower. Harris skipped about 
with wonderful agility, keeping an eye on possible attacks from the rear. 

Sheriff Weatherly held his ground firmly, and all about him could be heard 
the " click, click " of the rifle locks, as the Marietta men cocked their guns. 

Had a reckless boy fired a stray shot, or had a rifle accidentally gone off, 
these records would have sad stories to relate. Fortune favored the work, 
however, and preserved the lives of those half-crazed men. 

At about 4 in the afternoon, an injunction from Judge Thompson of the 
District Court was received, which commanded the cessation of further hostili- 
ties on the part of Marshall men. The seal of the Court was necessary to 
complete the document, and Mr. Williams, the Clerk, was quietly aided in 
climbing through a rear window of the Court House for the purpose of obtain- 
ing the required certificate. 

Presently, the loud voice and commanding presence of Mr. Boardman stilled 
the noise of the swaying crowd, as he read to the Marshall men the writ of 
injunction. The effect of this document upon the belligerents was, as might 
have been expected, stunning. Many were disposed to fight the issue to the 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 387 

bitter end, while others were secretly glad that the conflict had ended thus 
without bloodshed. 

The Guards were withdrawn from the defenses and the stragglers followed 
the main body toward Marshall. On the way home, the company met Judge 
Smith and Messrs. Woodbury and Chapin. A call was made on the Judge for 
a speech. He spoke to the men and told them that he had acted, as he sup- 
posed, for the best. He rejoiced at the peaceful termination of the outbreak. 
He said that he had recanvassed in good faith and would adhere to his decision. 
This speech was made use of by Marshall men afterward ; but the Judge now 
admits that it was made on compulsion, like the rest of the proceedings. 

The Guards were received in Marshall with less honors than usually fall to 
the lot of returning warriors. All day long, the women had rushed from house 
to house, in an agonized spirit, trying to draw consolation from one another's 
glimmer of hope; but when the wild rumors of death and destruction were dis- 
proved by the return of the liege lords in sound mind and body, laughter and 
derision took the place of despondency and tears. 

Although many minor feuds grew out of the Marietta " battle, " no blood 
was ever spilled because of it. No further movement was made to coerce the 
defenders of the county property, except through the courts. Legal prowess 
shone out more gallantly than did the military bravery of the men. 

As the Marshall troops scrambled into the wagons and rode from the scene, 
threats of a return on the morrow were loudly made. The Marietta men con- 
cluded to be prepared for an attack and spread the news far and wide. Probably 
a hundred more were assembled on the second day than were present on the 
first, and every man was ready to fight. Had the Marshall men really presented 
themselves, there would have been many persons killed, for numerous Kentuck- 
ians and Arkansas men were on the ground, armed with rifles and anxious to 
use them. They even proposed to go to Marshall and force a battle. But 
wiser counsels prevailed. No hostile bands came in collision and peace reigned 
in Marietta. Judge Smith was invited to tell his version of the recanvass, and 
did so publicly at Marietta, a day or two after the "battle." The Marietta 
men then voted to burn Marshall that night, but were dissuaded from their 
purpose. A few days later, Mr. Smith repeated his speech at Albion. He was 
there met by a large delegation from Marshall, and an open conflict was nar- 
rowly escaped. 

Several days after the "Marietta battle," Mr. Dishon returned from Des 
Moines, armed with legal opinions concerning the question of issuing county 
bonds for the erection of a Court House at Marietta, a subject alluded to in 
the preceding pages, in proper chronological order. 

Smith still professed an aversion to the adoption of the plan, but was dis- 
suaded from his position by Dishon and others, who represented that thev had 
consulted with the leading men of Timber Creek and neighboring townships, 
which were supposed to favor Marshall, and had been assured that the senti- 
ment of the voters was all in accord with the scheme. The long trouble would 
thus be ended. 

Smith argued that the adoption of such a course would ultimately result in 
litigation and rebound upon Marietta. The Judge asked Dishon what he would 
do in case the county seat was removed after the bonds were issued. Dishon 
pledged him that the county should never lose one dollar by the issue. If the 
contest ended adversely to Marietta, he would care for the bonds at maturity. 
He also promised that Smith should not suffer from the acceptance of the 
proposition. 



388 HISTOIU OF MARSHALL COUNTY. • 

At last, persuaded by the arguments of his friends and controlled by the 
opinions of the Des Moines lawyers, Smith made the serious mistake of issuing 
$26,000 in county bonds. 

The bonds were to run four years, at 10 per cent, interest The total value 
in principal and interest amounted to $33,000. Dishon accepted the paper, and 
wrote a contract with thf county, agreeing to erect a specified Court House at 
Marietta, within twenty months from January 14, 1859, the date of the con- 
tract. The county was secured by a bond of $80,000, with the names of J. G. 
Crookham, Thomas J. Wimberly, John Turner, Stacey Nichols, William M. de- 
mons, John R. Mercer, Caleb Tompkins, H. E. J. Boardman, Thomas J. Wil- 
son, James L. Williams, Thomas Mercer, George Patton, Samuel Bowman, F. 
Baum, John Bobbins, 0. Shively, J. W. Leaming and George Whealan, ns 
sureties. 

Mr. Dishon at once negotiated the bonds at the East, placing his name as 
indorser thereon, and receiving in exchange mercantile goods, he being in that 
business in Marietta then. Thus the bonds passed into innocent hands, and 
the county became responsible. 

The question of the payment of these bonds became an active one in poli- 
tics. Meetings were held in various parts of the county, and violent opposi- 
tion was manifested. The Times openly advocated repudiation. The matter 
was beyond redress, however, except by compromise. 

The contract made by Mr. Dishon was not carried out and no building was 
erected. Bond-holders made strenuous efforts to influence the county to pay 
the face, but such efforts were unsuccessful. 

Pending the settlement of this case, the State laM creating the Board of 
Supervisors to succeed the County Judge system went into force, and bribes 
were tendered Supervisors to pass a bill declaring the county fully responsible. 
The total cost of compromise was $10,973.66, to the tax-payers of the county. 

It need not be here recorded what the personal feeling engendered between 
the ex-Judge and the people was, for the measures and methods of procedure 
are unessential, so long as facts which affected the material interests of the peo- 
ple are preserved. Such an action as the ex-Judge was responsible for neces- 
sarily produced lively newspaper and personal comment. 

The case was taken to the District Court and thence to the Supreme Court, 
where, on Thursday, November 3, 1859, the following statement of case and 
opinion were rendered. The case is so clearly summed up that we copy in full 
from the IX Iowa Reports : 

Rice vs. Smith, County Judge, and Dishon. 

Appeal from Marshall District Court. Thursday, November 3, 1859. 

The petition was for an injunction to stay the building of a Court House 
in accordance with the contract made, and the issuance of county bonds there- 
for. 

The petitioners, Wells S. Rice, G. W. Woodbury, Reuben H. Webster. 
Henry Anson and H. C. Henderson, represent that they are citizens, voters 
and tax-payers of the county of Marshall, and resident in and property holders 
in the town of Marshall in said county, and largely interested in the matters 
set forth in the bill. 

They represent that, in accordance with a petition presented to the County 
Judge in June, 1857, praying therefor, he ordered an election to be holden in 
April, 1858, upon the question of the relocation of the county seat at the town 
of Marshall. That a vote was taken in pursuance of the law, and that the 
vote and election resulted in favor of Marshall. That the County Judge took 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 389 

to liis assistance two Justices of the Peace, who, with himself, were in favor of 
the town of Marshall, to canvass the vote, and they, for certain informalities, 
rejecting the returns from the townships of Marion, Le Grand and Green Castle, 
declared the result to be in favor of the town of Marietta. That at the April term 
of the District Court, A. D. 1858, an information was filed praying that a writ of 
mandamus might be issued, commanding the said Judge to take to his assist- 
ance two Justices of the Peace, and to recanvass the votes of the said election, 
and in such canvass to count the returns from the three townships which had 
been rejected, and to declare the result accordingly ; and that such proceedings 
were had in the cause that the said Court ordered that a peremptory writ of 
mandamus issue, commanding as above stated. That the defendant appealed 
from that judgment to the Supreme Court, but the same was affirmed at the 
December term, A. D. 1858, and a writ of procedendo was issued, and, in 
accordance therewith, a peremptory writ of mandamus. 

The petitioners further represent, that afterward, on the 6th of January, A. 
D., 1859, the County Judge, pretending to act under the said peremptory writ, 
called to his assistance two Justices of the Peace, and pretended to canvass the 
returns of the said April election, but, instead of obeying the said writ, they 
again rejected the returns of the said townships of Marion, Le Grand and Green 
Castle, and again declared the result in favor of the town of Marietta. And the 
petitioners aver that at the time of the said pretended canvass, the peremptory 
writ had not been legally served upon the County Judge, but a service by read- 
ing and copy had been acknowledged by him on the peremptory writ; and they 
bay that on the 10th diiy of January, 1859, a legal service was made by the 
Sheriff, leaving the writ Avith the Judge, and indorsing a return upon a copy 
thereof. 

The complainants further state, that on the 11th day of January, 1859, the 
Judge took to his assistance two other Justices of the Peace, thus forming a 
Board of Canvassers, and in obedience to the writ, they canvassed the votes of 
the said election of April, 1858, and, in accordance with the result therefor, 
declared that a majority of the votes cast were in favor of the town of Marshall ; 
and that this result was duly entered in the proper election book, with a decla- 
ration that the town of Marshall is the county seat of said county. 

The complainants further represent, that, notwithstanding the above proceed- 
ings, the County Judge, on the 14th of January, A. D. 1859, entered into a private 
contract with William Dishon, a citizen of Marietta, for the erection of a Court 
House at Marietta, at a cost to the county of $26,000 as principal, and at least 
$7,000 as interest to accrue according to the terms of the contract, which build- 
ing was to be completed within twenty months from the date thereof; and that 
according to the statement of the contract, the Judge had issued, in advance, 
twenty-six bonds of the county, for the sum of $1,000 each, which fall due in 
different sums (stated in the bill) in January of the years 1860, 1861, 1862 and 
1863, with the accruing interest at 10 per cent; and that this will be a needless 
and unlawful expenditure, and will lead to oppression and useless taxation, for 
that the county has already a good title to a lot and building in the town of 
Marshall, affording ample accommodation to the courts, juries and officers of 
the county, Avhich building was erected at the expense of the citizens of the 
last-named town. 

And the complainants aver that the above contract was made by the said 
County Judge, with said Dishon, with full knowledge on the part of both and 
of all concerned therein, of all the matters above set forth ; and that they be- 
lieve, and have good reason to believe, that the contract was made and the 



390 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

bonds issued by collusion and fraud between said Judge and Dishon, with intent 
to cheat and defraud the county, and prevent the removal of the county seat. 

They therefore pray a writ of injunction against the said County Judge and 
said Dishon, restraining them, and all persons in their employment, from pro- 
ceeding to execute the said contract; and enjoining said Judge not to issue or 
deliver said bonds, nor any part of them ; and restraining said Dishon from sell- 
ing, transferring or otherwise disposing of them or any of them ; and from 
erecting said Court House in the town of Marietta, or providing any materials 
therefor, until otherwise legally ordered. 

An injunction was allowed upon the foregoing bill, by the Judge, in vaca- 
tion ; and at a succeeding term of the District Court, in April, 1858, a motion 
was filed to dissolve the same, which was overruled. At the same term, there 
was a demurrer to the petition, and this was not sustained. The defendants 
then filed an answer, and after that, a second motion to dissolve the injunction, 
which also was overruled. 

The answer commences in the name of both the defendants, and admits the 
statements of the bill as to the petition for a vote on the question mentioned, 
and the order therefor ; but they deny that the petition was presented in pur- 
suance of the statute, and deny that notice thereof was given, as required, and 
aver that the Judge had no authority to make the order. They deny that legal 
notice was given in the townships ; that the town of Marshall received the num- 
ber of votes alleged, and Marietta only the number alleged by petitioners ; they 
deny that the informalities in the returns from Le Grand, Marion and Green 
Castle consisted merely of the omission of the jurat of the election oflScers, 
but say that there were other essential defects in said returns, and among them, 
that said returns did not show that the officers had any color of title to the 
offices of Judges or Clerks of Elections ; that they did not show that they 
were returns of any election in Marshall County, nor that the persons signing 
them signed as Judges or Clerks of Election, and that they were not certified 
as true, and were not attested by the Clerks. 

The respondents further admit the alleged proceeding of the District and 
Supreme Courts, and the issuance of a peremptory writ ; but aver that on the 
6th of Januarv, A. D. 1859, the said Judge, callino; two Justices of the Peace, 
proceeded to canvass the said returns, in obedience to the writ, and that the 
Canvassers did not reject any returns, but they did adjudge that there were no 
returns from the townships of Marion, Le Grand and Green Castle, and did 
declare the result in favor of Marietta. They deny the allegation in relation 
to an illegal service of the writ on the Judge, and aver that there was legal serv- 
ice on the (3th of January, by his written admission thereof. They deny the aver- 
ments concerning a second service, and deny that, on the 11th January, 1859, 
he called the two Justices to his assistance, and with them canvassed the returns 
of the said April election upon the county seat question ; and they deny that 
in consequence of the said pretended canvass, the town of Marshall is the 
county seat, but aver that Marietta is the county seat, both in law and in 
fact. 

And the respondents aver that the pretended canvass of the 11th January 
was without authority of law, and void ; for, at the time of making the same, 
the said Judge was not at the county seat of the county, but at the house of 
one Babcock, six miles distant therefrom, and was under duress by the petition- 
ers in this bill, and other persons ; that the ])laintiffs, confederating with others, 
caused him to be arrested on a pretended criminal charge, and having acquired 
possession of his person, dismissed the said charge, and then by means of 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 391 

threats of personal violence and against the life of defendant, compelled him 
to make a pretended canvass, which is the same mentioned as of the 11th of 
January, A. D. 1859 ; that he, the County Judge, did not call to his assistance 
the two Justices, but they were among those concerned in his imprisonment and 
duress, and what they did was done without being called thereto by him, the 
Judge aforesaid. 

The respondents further admit that the Judge made a contract with Dishon, 
and issued the bonds as alleged ; but deny that he did the same unlawfully or 
improperly in manner, as alleged ; and they say that the said bonds were issued 
long before the commencement of this suit ; and they deny that the money will 
be needlessly or unlawfully expended, and that it will lead to oppressive taxa- 
tion ; they deny collusion and fraud, and that the facts are as averred in the 
bill ; but admit notice of them, as stated in the answer ; and they deny that 
the contract was made or the bonds issued for the purpose of preventing the re- 
moval of the county seat. 

The answer is sworn to by Dishon, and is not signed or sworn to by Smith, 
the County Judge. 

Upon the filing of the answer, the defendants again moved that the injunc- 
tion be dissolved, but the motion was overruled. The defendants appeal, and 
assign as error the overruling the demurrer and the motion to dissolve the in- 
junction. Henderson & Clarke, for the Appellant. 

Cole & Jewett, for the Appellees. 

OPINION BY JUDGE WOODWARD. 

It will not be necessary to consider whether the court should have dissolved 
the injunction upon the motion based upon the bill alone ; for if the demurrer 
should have been sustained, or the second motion to dissolve based on the bill 
and answer, this will be sufficient. 

We do not think the court erred in refusing to sustain the demurrer. Ob- 
jection is made to the competency of the complainants to present this bill. In 
The State ex rel. Byers v. Bailey, 7 Iowa 396, and The State ex rel. Rice v. 
Smith, County Judge of Marshall County, lb. 186, we held that complainants 
who are, and are averred to be, citizens, voters and property holders and tax 
payers, had such an interest, and held such relations that they might file an in- 
formation for a writ of mandamus to the County Judge to enforce a public duty 
in which they and other citizens had an interest ; and the same reason holds 
good for their being permitted to pray an injunction to prevent the doing some 
act detrimental to their interest, and those of other citizens of the county. No 
reason is perceived why they should not be permitted to sustain such a bill, 
either for themselves or for them and all others in like manner interested. These 
petitioners represent themselves as citizens, voters, property holders and tax 
payers in the county, and in one of the towns affected by these proceedings, so 
that, as citizens of the county, they are interested in the question of expending 
$26,000 and more, in building a Court House, and in the place where it shall 
be built, as citizens and property holders in one of these towns. 

Besides this, there is no officer upon whom it devolves to enforce the perform- 
ance of a duty upon the County Judge, or to restrain him if he is about to do 
an act at the same timg illegal and detrimental to the rights and interests of the 
public and of individuals. 

If he should undertake to build a Court House at a place which is not the 
county seat, there is no officer whose duty it is to cause him to be restrained, 
whilst the right to do it would seem to belong to many- 



392 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

The petition is addressed to the Hon. J. P., Judge of the Eleventh Judicial 
District of the State, and was filed in the office of the Clerk of the District 
Court in Marshall County. This is sufficient in form as a bill in equity in that 
court. 

The authority of the County Judge to provide the public buildings is not 
questioned in the bill, but liis authority to place a Court House in a town which 
is alleged not to be the county seat. This is the gist of the bill. 

We think the complainants show enough to sustain their bill for an injunc- 
tion. For this we need not determine, at present, which of the two canvassers 
of the returns of the April election is authoritative. 

It is sufficient that the bill shows that the location of the county seat is in 
controversy, and the proceedings in reference to it, and the state of the ques- 
tion, are set forth so far as to show that it is manifestly improper for the Judge, 
in the present position of the matter, to expend more than $30,000 in the erec- 
tion of a public building which must be the county seat ; and especially when 
it appears to the court, that when its mandate shall be obeyed, Marshall will be 
the county seat. 

The grounds for the motion to dissolve the injunction, both on the bill alone 
and after filing the answer, are in part the same as are assigned as causes of de- 
murrer, but in part they are different ; one of these is the alleged insufficiency 
of the injunction bond, in that it is given to the county alone. This would, with 
more propriety, have run to both the county and Dishon ; but we are of the 
opinion that he would have a right to sue upon it under Section 1603 of the 
Code, and therefore this objection would not sustain the motion. It is true 
that the County Judge has discretionary authority as to the erection of 
public buildings ; but this discretion may be restrained if it is abused, as 
if the Judge is about to erect a Court House at a place which is not the county 
seat. 

And though the fraud may not be sufficiently charged, or a disobedience to 
the peremptory writ may be remedied under the mandamus itself, still the facta 
shown in this case warrant the injunction. 

The general and particular denial of the allegations of the bill in the an- 
swer, would, upon ordinary grounds, call for the dissolution of the injunction, 
were it not that the fact remains, after all the denial, that the County Judge i& 
about to expend over |30,000 upon a public building located at Marietta, whilst 
a controversy is pending as to the county seat, whether it shall be, or has been, 
removed to Marshall. This is the burden of the case, and as the granting or 
the continuance of the injunction is ultimately in the discretion of the court, the 
important fact referred to must prevent the application of some of the ordinary 
rules of law ; and it is further to be borne in mind that Smith does not answer, 
whilst the more material facts relate to him or his office, and lie more particu- 
larly within his knowledge. 

In a cause relating to this controversy, which was before this court at the 
December terra, A. D. 18 ")8, this court held that the question of the validity of 
the returns from the three townships was not involved, but the only question was 
whether the canvassers should count them. And it was held that they must 
count them, that they could not judge of tlieir validity beyond the question 
whether they were returns, and that their validity must be tried by another pro- 
ceeding, which might be a mandamus or a quo warranto or an injunction. And 
now this case is probably brouglit to try that ultimate question, whether the re- 
turns from the three townships are such as should be received and counted. In 
the answer it is alleged that the election was not legally called and conducted, 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 393 

for various reasons given, and several reasons are assigned why the tmers men- 
tioned are not sufficient and legal. Whatever else may be alleged and mav ap- 
pear, it appears that the controversy is pending, and the work of building is not 
done. 

It was not in the power of the Canvassers, after the issuance of the peremp- 
tory writ, to declare the supposed returns from the three townships to be no re- 
turns. On this point we refer to the case of The State ex rel. Rice vs. W. C. 
Smith, County Judge, upon the mandamus, ante. 

The complainants insist that there was a second and legal canvass, by which 
Marshall was declared to be the county seat. The County Judge acknowledged 
a legal service on the 6th of January, and acted upon it, and this was sufficient. 
It would not be in his power, after this, to object the want of a legal service by 
reason of a copy being served upon him instead of the original writ. The sec- 
ond service,'of the 11th January, was superfluous ; and another reason wiiy this 
should not be regarded as conclusive is, that the Judge does not recognize it. 
He admits service on the 6th January, and avers that he canvassed under it, and 
insists that the supposed canvass of the 11th was not his. But whatever may 
be said of the other parts of this proceeding, his answer and averment that the 
Justices acting in this canvass of the 11th were not called by him, will prevent 
it being taken as conclusive, at least for the present. 

We have before remarked that in another cause now before this Court, it is 
held that the Canvassers under the peremptory writ could not declare the returns 
from the three townships to be no returns., and while under that case they must 
make a canvass, counting those returns, this cause must proceed to the trial of 
the question pertaining to the sufficiency and validity of those returns. The 
former cause in this court determined only that the Canvassers must count them. 

That decision was not upon the ground that they were sufficient, but ex- 
pressly upon the ground that the Canvassers had no authority to decide thus. 
And, as the case was presented, this Court could not then determine that ques- 
tion, but it was left for another proceeding, if the parties choose to try it. And 
such a further proceeding is the present cause in which every question relat- 
ing to the sufficiency of those returns and to the legality of the election, which 
is stated or involved in the answer, may be tried. Until the conclusion of this 
cause, which is the one actually determining which place is the county seat, the 
injunction must continue. The judgment of the District Court is affirmed, and 
a writ of procedendo will issue, and the cause be conducted to trial in accord- 
ance with this opinion. 

The contract entered into by Dishon was never fulfilled. The county 
obtained a perpetual injunction restraining the erection of a Court House at 
Marietta under its provisions. No suit was ever brought against Dishon's 
bondsmen. 

Mr. Dishon died of consumption some time later, and there the matter 
rested. 

It is stated that Mr. Dishon proposed to Judge Battin to erect a Court 
House on the original contract at Marshall, and thus relieve himself of the 
burden of the bonds which he had indorsed. The offer was refused, 
although made in a tempting manner to the Judge. The anxiety produced 
by this self-imposed load is thought by some to have hastened Mr. Dishon's 
death. 

The issue of the legality of the removal of the county seat came up in the 
Supreme Court at the December Term, 1859. This was the last appeal made 
to that tribunal. 



394 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 

From the X Iowa Reports we made the following extract, being the state- 
ment of case and opinion : 

DiSHON V. Smith, County Judge. 

Appeal f 7-0771 Marshall District Court 7'endered Thursday, December 22, 1859: 

This was a petition for an injunction to restrain the County Judge of Mar- 
shall County in reference to certain proceedings subsequent to a vote upon a 
proposition to remove the county seat. 

The petition refers to the election held in April, 1858, upon the question 
before named, and avers that the election was unauthorized, and was void upon 
other grounds. After stating some grounds for the charge that the election was 
void, which are set out in the opinion of the Court, the complainant charges 
that the citizens of the town of Marshall, to which it was proposed to remove 
the county seat from Marietta, procured votes to be cast in favor of Marshall 
by bribery, and by purchase and sale, and that the number of votes thus pro- 
cured to be cast was more than sufficient to change the result. 

The first specification under the charge of bribery, is that the citizens of the 
town of Marshall subscribed, agreed and bound themselves to pay the citizens 
of Marion Township, in said county, the sum of $500, to be applied 
in building bridges across the Iowa River, between the town of Marshall and 
the township of Marion aforesaid ; which was upon the express condition that 
the citizens of Marion Township would vote for the relocation of the county 
seat at Marshall. And the petition charges that twenty-five votes were 
obtained in said Marion Township for the location of the county seat at Mar- 
shall by reason of such agreement and obligation, which would otherwise have 
been cast for Marietta. 

The second specification is the following : That the citizens of the town of 
Marshall, with the intent, improperly and illegally, to induce the citizens of the 
county to vote for the relocation of the county seat at Marshall, did make a 
conveyance of certain real estate and appurtenances in the town of Marshall, to 
the citizens of said county, upon the condition expressed in said conveyance, 
that the people of said county would vote for the relocation of the county seat 
at Marshall. And the complainant avers that by reason of said conveyance 
a large number ol votes, to wit, fifty-six votes, were obtained for Marshall which 
would otherwise have been cast for Marietta. 

The third specification is as follows : That one Wells S. Rice, a citizen of 
Marshall, and a prominent actor in the said question of relocation, with the 
corrupt intent thereby to improperly and fraudulently procure votes for Marshall, 
gave his promissory note to the Marshall County High School Company for 
the sum of $^3 000, which note was indorsed by G. M. Woodbury and others, 
citizens of the town of Marshall, and was so signed and indorsed upon the con- 
dition and corrupt agreements, that in consideration thereof the citizens of 
Iowa Township would vote for Marshall as the county seat. And it is charged 
that, by reason of the bribe, votes to the number of seventy were procured to 
be cast for Marshall by the voters of said Iowa Township, which, but for said 
bribe, would have been cast for Marietta. And it is further alleged that one 
Sylvanus Rice, also a citizen of Marshall, gave his note to the same parties for 
$1,000 with the same corrupt intent, agreement and result. 

By an amendment to the petition, the complainants represent that after the 
election, the Canvassers canvassed the returns and declared that Marietta had 
received a majority of the votes, and thereupon one Wells S. Rice sued out 
from the District Court a writ of mandamus, requiring the County Judge to 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. . 395 

recanvass the said votes, and to count certain votes which were before rejected 
by the Canvassers on account of certain informalities in the returns thereof, or 
show cause why he should not do so ; and that such proceedings were had 
therein, that the District Court awarded a peremptory writ commandintr the 
same, from which order the said County Judge appealed to the Supreme Court, 
and such proceedings were had thereon ; that at the December term, 1858, the 
last-named court affirmed the decision of the District Court awarding the per- 
emptory writ. That such peremptory writ was issued and served on the said 
defendant, he confessing service thereof by Avriting. and in obedience to the 
mandate thereof, he did (with two Justices of the Peace) proceed to recanvass 
the said returns, and did duly and legally canvass them, and did declare as the 
result thereof that Marietta had received a majority of the votes, and he made 
a legal entry thereof and declared Marietta the county seat of said county. 

In the original petition, the complainants prayed an injunction restraining 
said Smith and his successors in office from proceeding further in the canvass 
of said votes than simply to examine the returns and make abstracts, stating the 
number of votes cast for each of the said towns, and such other acts as by law 
they are required to perform ; that he be specifically enjoined from declaring 
Marshall to be the county seat, and he and all others under his authority from 
removing the records, documents or offices of the county thereto until the fur- 
ther order of the Court. And they pray that the Court adjudge the said pre- 
tended election to be null and void ; that the returns from the townships of Le 
Grand, Marion and Green Castle may be declared insufficient and void ; and 
for such other orders and relief, etc. 

An injunction was allowed in vacation, and at the April term, A. D. 1859, 
the respondents filed a motion to dissolve it, which was granted, and the com- 
plainants appeal. For the purposes of the hearing of this Court, the motion is 
to be regarded as a demurrer. All other points which are essential are notices 
in the opinion of the Court. 

E. W. Eastman, M. M. Crocker and C. C. Cole, for the appellants ; H. C 
Henderson and W. Penn Clark, for the appellee. 

OPINION BY JUSTICE WOODWARD. 

In the outset, we are met by that cause assigned which objects that the 
injunction commands the County Judge not to do that which by writ of man- 
damus he is commanded to do. At the first sight, this appears plausible ; but 
on a close view it is ascertained not to be sound. The two commands do not 
conflict. The mandamus only orders the doing of a certain act, and does not 
follow into its consequences. The injunction seeks to stay those consequences. 
The mandamus directs the County Judge to canvass the votes, counting in cer- 
tain returns, and to ascertain the result, but it does not order him to remove 
the public offices ; whilst the injunction directs him not to remove these. We 
need not determine how far, to what act, the true mandate of the writ would 
go. It would not, in the first instance, command him to carry out to the full 
extent the consequence of the election, that is, to remove the county seat ; but 
at whatever point the mandamus would cease to direct, at that point the injunc- 
tion would commence its inhibition. 

This reasoning is of necessity. Hitherto, the two points held have been 
that the Canvassers could not judge of the sufficiency of the returns, and that 
they must count them. In this positson of things, Marshall appears to be the 
county seat. Now, suppose the returns from three townships to be insufficient, 
and this changes the result. Then there must be some point at which the 



396 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUiNTY. 

injunction may apply itself to prevent that result the true vote does not call for, 
that is, a removal to Marshall. The sufficiency of the returns from the three 
townships has not yet been tried. As this sufficiency is contested, until this 
trial takes place, it is not known whether the legal returns show Marshall or 
Marietta to be the county seat. This is the object of the present suit, and 
the injunction is to stay the proceedings just where the mandamus leaves 
it, until the above question is tried. Such is the true intent of the man- 
damus and the injunction, to whatever intent their particular language may 
go. But they do not conflict in the present case. It will be observed that the 
prayer is that the County Judge be restrained from proceeding further in the 
canvass than simply to examine the returns and make abstracts, stating the 
number cast for each town, and such other acts as they may by law be required 
to perform. If the writ should go so far as to direct the Judge to declare the 
result, still the removal is the chief object, and this is restrained. 

Neither does the injunction restrain the County Judge from the performance 
of a legal duty. If the returns are invalid, as alleged, and thus the result is 
changed, it is not his duty to remove ; and it is in order that that question may 
be tried that the injunction was allowed. 

The question next in importance is whether the matters alleged in relation 
to the election and to the returns from the three townships sustain the charge 
of insufficiency and invalidity. 

First, it is objected that the act under which this vote was taken, entitled 
"An act in relation to County Seats" (Acts of 1855, chap. 46, p. 71), was 
not approved by the Governor. The printed copy in the volume of acts is 
wanted in the evidence of an approval ; but the original, in the office of the 
Secretary, bears the approval, as of the date of January 22, 1855. The copy 
or certificate of this in the printed acts is but evidence of the fact, and is not 
essential in order that the act may take effect. Such certificate is convenient 
as evidence of the approval and of the date, but it is not necessary. 

It is next objected that the records of the County Court do not show that 
notice of the presentation of the petition for holding the election was given, 
and it is urged that this is essential to the jurisdiction of that Court. And 
it is further averred that there was no such notice, in fact. It is an error to 
regard this as a jurisdictional matter. This idea pertains to cases where the 
Court acts judicially, and in matters between party and party, and not to one of the 
nature of the present one, which is a vote of the people. Nor does the want of 
such notice invalidate the election. In matters of such a public nature, the ob- 
servance of each particular is not held a prerequisite to validity. And it is a gen- 
eral rule of law that statutes directing the mode of proceeding of public officers, re- 
lating to time and manner, are directorv. (The People vs. Cook. 14 Barb., 261- 
290; Marchant vs. Langworthy, 6 Hill^ 646; The People vs. Peck, 11 Wend, 604. ) 

But this proposition is not applicable when |,he statute uses negative 
words, restricting the action, or when there is something plainly showing 
a different intent. But there is a peculiar fitness in the rule when applied to 
popular elections, in which case we may consider the character of the duties, 
and of the men necessarily chosen to perform them. These are men usually 
not instructed in their duties, or in nice forms and distinctions. Many of their 
duties, too, are to be performed in haste and amid confusion, and without oppor- 
tunity for deliberation. It is true that the last thought does not apply in force 
to the specific act now in question; but it reaches to some of the objections 
hereinafter made ; and besides, whilst it applies to such duties generally, spe- 
cific instances are not to be singled out as exceptions. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 397 

The same tenor of reasoning applies to the objection that the records do not 
show that notices of election were posted in the townships, and the averment 
that such notice was not, in fact, posted in the township of Marietta. And it 
has been remarked, further, that the people are not to be disenfranchised, to be 
deprived of their vote, bj the omission of some duty by an officer, if an election 
has in fact, been held at the proper time ; and that such a penalty ought not 
to be visited upon them for the negligence or willfulness of oire charged with 
similar duties. 

Upon considerations like these, the Courts have held that the voice of the 
people is not to be rejected for a defect, or even a want of notice, if they have, 
in truth, been called upon and have spoken. In the present case, whether 
there were notices or not, there was an election, and the people of the county 
voted ; and it is not alleged that any portion of them failed in knowledge of 
the pendency of the question, or to exercise their franchise. 

The objections next to be noticed are those relating to the returns them- 
selves. It is alleged that the returns from the townships of Le Grand, Marion 
and Green Castle are insufficient, and should be rejected. Copies of the poll 
books of the election are made exhibits to the bill. 

At the head of the poll list in each of these is a caption, showing it to be 
the poll of an election on the proper day, in the above townships respectively, 
and in the county of Marshall. The exceptions, therefore, that they do not 
appear to be returns from these townships, nor from townships in the county, 
are based upon errors of fact, and must fiiil. Each of these contains a certifi- 
cate of returns, signed by three persons styled the Judges of Election, and 
attested by two who are styled Clerks of Election 

It is not fatal that full particulars of time and place are not contained in 
these returns, for the caption and certificate may be taken together, and thus, 
every defect of one is su})plied by the other. 

A more manifest fault is in the fact that neither the Judges nor the Clerks 
of the Election appear to have been sworn. In the case of each of these town- 
ships before named, the officers signed a form of oath, but there is no evidence 
of the oath having been administered. It is urged that this defect entirely 
vitiates these three returns. But the law is not so. Whilst it is the law that 
the Canvassers cannot adjudicate upon the sufficiency of returns, as we have 
held in the former case, where a case of this kind comes into a court of justice, 
such court, or a jury trying it, not only may, but it is their duty to, look behind 
the returns, and even behind the ballot-box in some cases. Thus, were the 
case on trial upon the facts, the court might receive evidence of these officers 
having been sworn. (People vs. Cook, 14 Barb., 298 ; People vs. Ferguson, 8 
Cow., 102; People ?'.?. Vail, 20 Wend., 12; People vs. Seaman, 5 Denio, 409.) 

And this might be the course in the present case ; but the law ixoes yet fur- 
ther. Neither the election nor the particular returns would be vitiated and sub- 
ject to rejection if the above officers were not sworn. (People vs. Cook, 14 
Barb., 286, 287, 297 ; Greenleaf vs. Low, 4 Denio., 168; Weeks vs. Ellis, 2 
Barb., 320: People vs. Covert, 1 Hill, 674; People vs. Hopson, 1 Denio, 
575 ; In matter of Mohawk & Hudson R. R. Co., 19 Wend, 135.) 

Much more might be said, enlarging upon these points, but the length of 
this case forbids, and we will but make reference to other authorities, upon sim- 
ilar occasions, showing that the election, and not the returns, is the foundation 
of the right. (3 Mass., 230 ; 6 Wend., 486 ; 3 Hill, 43 ; 12 Wend., 481 ; 11 
Wend, 604 ; 19 Wend., 143 ; 5 Cow., 269; 4 Cow., 297 ; 7 Hill, 9 ; 20 Pick., 
489, 490 ; 25 Maine, 507 ; 26 Maine, 491 ; 2 Carter, Ind., 423.) 



398 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

Another objection, and one going to the validity of the election itself, i& 
that bribery and unlawful means were made use of by the citizens of the town 
of Marshall, to influence the result. The first instance of this is that the citi- 
zens of Marshalltown agreed to pay ij^oOO to tliose of Marion Township to 
build a bridge connecting the two townships ; the second was that the citizens of 
the former town conveyed certain real estate in Marshalltown to the citizens of 
the county ; and the third is, that two certain persons, named Rice, gave their 
promissory notes, indorsed by others, to the County School Company, for 
$3,000 and $1,000 respectively — which charges are accompanied by pertinent 
allegations of corrupt intent, of agreement, and of votes being procured thereby 
in numbers suificient to change the result of the election. 

We do not think the growing facilities for the public convenience to the 
whole county, such as furnishing a building for the courts and officers, and thus 
relieving the county from a burden of expense, amounts to bribery. Nor would 
the giving property, though not of that specific character, but yet adapted to 
reducing the expense of a change. 

If the people of a town desire a county seat located at such place, there i& 
no Avrong and no corruption in their offering and giving facilities to produce 
that result. Either in buildings or in offices direct, for the use of the public, 
or in property, or in money to procure the facilities, they may offer to take away 
or to lessen the pecuniary burden which would come upon that public — the 
county — by the location or by a change of location. And this cannot be brib- 
bery. And it may be doubted whether such an act can become bribery when 
the offer is to the Avhole county, and upon a matter of county interest only. In 
a case like the present, there is no duty upon the county from which it or its 
citizens may be induced to swerve. They may adopt which place they see fit, 
and it is offering additional inducements only in favor of one, to offer as above 
mentioned. 

The other instance, that of agreeing to pay money to erect a bridge between 
the townships, partakes somewhat more of the nature of an inducement to neg- 
lect the public good, and consult personal interest or convenience only. But 
yet, as there is no duty upon the citizen to vote one way or the other, but he 
may act his pleasure from however personal an interest, as the offer is to all 
the inhabitants of a township, and still more, as the thing offered or the pur- 
pose intended is of a public nature, a public convenience, and that, too, one 
only facilitating intercourse between the two townships, we cannot view it in 
the light of bribery. 

Bribery may be defined to be the giving (and perhaps offering) to another 
anything of value, or any valuable service, intended to influence him in the dis- 
charge of a legal duty. It does not apply to a mere moral duty. Our State 
punishes criminally the bribery of public officers (Section 26, 47-57), and of 
Electors, and the Judges, Clerks and Canvassers of P]lections (Sections 2,601, 
2,699), and declares (Section 339) that the election of any person may be con- 
tested when the incumbent has given or offered any Elector, etc., any bribe or 
reward, in money or property, for the purpose of securing his election. 

It does not seem that provisions like these can be extended to a case where, 
as in the present one, the question is only a local, county question, and the 
party to be influenced is the entire county, or a whole community, which is a 
portion of itself; and the thing offered is of a public nature, pertaining to the 
public and not to individuals, consisting of public facilities only. 

The remaining instance of alleged bribery is, that two persons gave their 
promissory notes, indorsed by others, to the Marshall County High School 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 399 

Company. It is to be noticed that the consideration of these notes was, that 
the citizens of Iowa Township, and not merely those connected with this com- 
pany, shoukl vote for Marshalltown. This is somewhat different from the pre- 
ceding case, in the nature of the thing offered, as it partakes of a private char- 
acter ; but it is still an offer of a gift of facilities to the public of a township, 
and even of the county. The inducement is public in its nature, and is held 
out to the entire people of the township. 

We here repeat the idea that there is no duty incumbent upon this people 
which they are tempted to violate. l^either are the public officers, legislative, 
executive or judicial. They are voters who are sought to be influenced in the 
choice of a county seat by gathering around one of the places proposed certain 
advantages promotive of the common convenience and welfare. These are wanting 
the elements requisite to constitute a bribery, or a corrupt or unlawful influence. 

In a motion to dissolve the injunction, the respondents assigned thirty 
causes, embracing those above considered, and in view of the positions taken in 
respect to these, it becomes unnecessary to examine the remainder. Regarding it 
as a motion, the conclusion is that the injunction was properly dissolved, and 
the order should be made perpetual. Regarding the motion as a demurrer, in 
which light it Avas argued, the result is, that the facts and grounds alleged in 
the bill are not sufficient to invalidate the election. 

No attention has been given to that part of the bill relating to the forced 
canvass by the County Judge, since under the views taken, it becomes imma- 
terial, for it is not one of the grounds of the bill that the canvassers have not 
declared the result of the election ; and for the purposes of this bill, it can have 
no effect whether there has been such a declaration or not. 

In conclusion, regarding the motion as one to dissolve the injunction, we 
are of the opinion that it was properly sustained ; and viewing it as a demurrer 
(in which light it was argued), we think the facts shown in the bill are not 
sufficient to invalidate either the election or the returns from the three town- 
ships of Le Grand, Marion and Green Castle. 

Therefore, the decree of the District Court is affirmed. 

The Marietta men finally became convinced that the only way in which an 
adjustment of the long and wearisome controversy could be made was to yield 
to Marshall, and accept the inevitable with good grace. This conclusion they 
communicated to the Marshall faction, and great rejoicing was indulged in by 
the people. Men and Avoraen joined in the work of preparing to receive the 
records when Marietta should decide to voluntarily relinquish them. 

The hall at Marshall, which had for so long a time been awaiting the 
advent of the county property to assume the dignity of "Court House," was 
transformed into a banqueting chamber. The ladies vied with each other in 
preparing for the grand event. 

The Marshall County Times, of January 4, 1860, gives the following 
account of the festivities. It is so thoroughly characteristic of the feeling of 
the chief combatants that it must be reproduced entire. During the fight 
everybody was for war to the knife ; at the dawn of peace, all joined in hand- 
shakings and songs of rejoicing. The article given below was published by Mr. 
Henderson as an editorial. 

REMOVAL OF THE COUNTY SEAT. 

THE FESTIVAL THE HATCHET BURIED. 

"With emotions of unalloyed pleasure, we announce the final act and scene 
of the drama of the protracted contest between the towns of Marietta and ^Nlar- 



400 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

shall for the county seat of this county, under circumstances highly honorable 
to both places. On Saturday last, 31st ult., the records, safe and treasure of 
the county were removed from Marietta to this place by the citizens of Marietta. 

" As this event was not expected just at this time, and will take some of our 
readers by surprise, we will state some of the facts and incidents preceding and 
and attending it. 

" About the first of last week the decision of the Supreme Court affirming 
thejudgmentof the District Court, dissolving the injunction, brought by Marietta 
about a year since, to restrain the removal, was received in Marietta. 

" A previous decision of the Supreme Court had declared that it was the 
dut}' of the County Canvassers to recanvass the votes, count the returns 
before rejected, and declare the result in accordance with the vote. 

" The whole controversy being thus settled by the highest legal tribunal. 
Judge Smith, on Thursday evening last, called to his assistance, Esqs. Turner 
and Wolohan, recanvassed and declared Marshall the county seat. 

'• The next day, Messrs. Dishon and Whealan, of Marietta, came as a com- 
mittee to inform our citizens that they would move down the county property 
on Saturday. 

" This was the first intimation that we received of what was in contempla- 
tion. At 3 o'clock Friday, our people assembled and resolved to signalize the 
event by a free supper to the citizens of the county, to supervise the preparation 
of which a committee of arrangements was appointed. A committee was also 
dispatched to Marietta to extend to her people, and those of the whole county, 
so far as the limited time would permit, a cordial invitation to participate in the 
festivities. At once the public spirited ladies of our town, summoning their 
culinary skill, began the operations of baking, roasting, stewing, etc. Through- 
out the evening these processes went cheerily and actively forward. 

*" Saturday morning came — clear, and though intensely cold, yet beautiful. 
Old Sol smiled forth his brightest beams, and flecked the snowy earth with gems 
of silver. On all sides resounded busy notes of preparation. Citizens from all 
parts of the county, heralded by the chime of merry bells, were constantly arriv- 
ing. At 11 o'clock, James L. Williams, the courteous and efficient Clerk of 
the District Court, brought, in his own conveyance, his records and desks, and 
placed them in a room in the Court House already selected by him. 

'• Soon after, other teams and other citizens fi*om Marietta arrived, bringing 
the County Judge's and Treasurer's books. At 3 o'clock, the crowd was mar- 
shaled into procession by Capt. Hall, and repairing to the Marshall House, 
escorted our Marietta friends to the Town Hall. At the head of the proces- 
s'on, 'discoursing sweet music,' was the Marietta Brass Band. Cherrily its 
merry notes rang forth, in ' spirit stirring ' strains, on the cold, clear air. In 
the hall, 250 feet of tables, covered with substantial and delicacies, tastefully 
arranged by the ladies, proffered a bountiful repast. 

"The company disposed in order, W. P. Hepburn, Esq., on the part of our 
people, tendered to our Marietta friends the liospitalities of the occasion, cor- 
dially thanking them for the act of justice thus honorably consummated, pro- 
posing that 'by-gones be by-gones,' and hoping that the fraternal spirit which 
animated all on the occasion might ever survive, to promote the common good 
of the county. 

" On behalf of the people of Marietta, Thomas Mercer, Esq., responded, 
reciprocating these sentiments, in chaste and appropriate words. Rev. Father 
Dunton then invoked tlie Divine blessing upon the multitude; after which, all 
hands proceeded to help themselves to the good things before them. A large 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 401 

number of ladies, from this place and from Marietta, graced the occasion witli 
their presence, and 'all went merry as a marriage bell.' 

'* About dark, the safe, in charge of William H. Weatherly, Esq., and 
drawn by eiglit yoke of oxen, arrived, amid prolonged cheers, and was deliv- 
ered by Mr. W. in a neat speech. Judge Smith accompanied the safe, and was 
escorted to the table by the Committee of Arrangements, amidst the cheers of 
the crowd. At least 600 persons were in the hall at this moment. 

'' Supper over, Mr. Hepburn, on behalf of the citizens, addressing Judge 
Smith, tendered him 'the right hand of fellowship,' desiring him to forget the 
past and its difficulties ; to which the Judge feelingly responded in the same 
spirit. 

'• iVll the outgoing and incoming county officers were present on this occa- 
sion, and in the earlier part of the festivities responded to sentiments proposed 
in their honor. 

" Our space will not permit us to give all the spirited toasts read, but will 
present one whiih Avas characteristic of the fraternal inspiration of the hour. 
It was read by Mr. Hepburn, President of the Day, as follows : 

" ' Marietta and Marshall — the gems of the Iowa Valley ; may they grow in fraternal feeling, 
as they will in population and wealth.' 

" Mr. Mercer responded, earnestly urging the necessity for union, in order 
to develop the latent wealth of our county, closing his pertinent remarks by 
using those noble words of Webster : ' Liberty and union — now and forever — 
one and inseparable.' This sentiment was greeted by prolonged and enthusi- 
astic applause. 

" While the tables were being cleared, the hall was magnificently illuminated, 
and preparations were made by those who trip ' the light, fantastic toe ' to wel- 
come in the New Year ' with music and the dance.' 

Let joy be unconfined ; 

No sleep till morn, when youth and pleasure meet, 
To chase the glowing hours with flying feet, 

seemed the animating emotion of the hour. 

'• Thus ended, happily and pleasantly, this county seat contest, protracted 
through seven years of eventful struggle, setting neighbor against neighbor b}^ 
the animosities it engendered, and seriously impeding the settlement and indus- 
trial progress of this, the best county in Central Iowa. And we believe this a 
finality. 

'' The citizens of our county, knowing by sad experience the deleterious in- 
fluence of local contests and jealousies, will evermore discountenance them, and 
substitute in their stead that generous rivalry to excel in substantial improve- 
ments and development of the common resources, which is consistent with the 
general good of the county. 

" We learn that many of our friends, in various parts of the county, feel 
disappointed in not having received notice of the jollification on the occasion of 
the county seat removal, last Saturday. 

"We regret exceedingly that the short notice given us did not permit a 
more oreneral circulation of the news. We knew nothino; whatever of the mat- 
ter till Messrs. Dishon and Whealan came down on Friday. From that moment 
every man and woman in town was 'busy as nailers,' preparing for the sup- 
per and reception to come off next day, at 3 o'clock. 

'* It was impossible then to send out persons to notify the people. We trust 
our friends will accept these facts as our apology." 



402 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 



THE ALBION MOVEMENT. 

Tlie success achieved by Marshall was provocative of considerable feeling at 
Albion, and an effort was made by the citizens of Albion, in 1860, to secure 
the seat of justice for that place. Petitions were circulated by the Albion 
men, assisted by some of the Marietta people, and a large number of names 
obtained. It has been told us that over 1,300 signers were secured ; but this 
must be an error. Since it is a fact that the vote for Governor in October, 
1861, a year and a half later, was but 1,125, on both tickets ; and the popula- 
tion for 1860 was but 6,015, it is reasonable to believe that the only record 
found by us of the vote is about correct, viz.: 720 names. The papers quoted 
hereafter give what may be accepted as an official statement. 

This large petition praying the County Judge to order an election in April, 
1860, was met by a remonstrance Avhich shows 775 names. 

It is not our purpose to discuss the subject of the validity of the documents, 
since they were investigated before Judge Battin, County Judge, at the time 
The examination of them consumed about six days, and resulted in a ruling by 
the Court that the remonstrants were in the majority. The ruling of Judge 
Battin created a feeling of dissatisfaction in Albion, especially as the Judge 
was a resident of that place for several years after 1856. Suit was brought in 
the District Court to obtain a writ of alternative mandamus compelling him to 
order an election in April, 1861, or show cause for not doing so. The people 
were represented by William Parnell. The Court granted the mandamus at 
the April term, 1860, as follows : 



STATE OF IOWA, I ^^ ^jotion 
Marshall County, j ' * ' ' 



In the matter of the State of Iowa ex rd. Wm. Parnell vs. The County .Judge of Marshall 
County : 

Now comes Wilson & Boardman, on the part of and in behalf of the above relator. William 
Parnell, and pi-ays the court for an alternative writ of mandamus, directed to the County .Judore 
of Marshall County, commanding him to order a vote on the relocation of the county seat of said 
county at Albion, according to law, or that, in default thereof, he show cause why he has not 
done the same, on or before the morning of the fifth day of tlie present term of the District 
Court of said county, at It o'clock A. M. Wilson & Boardman, 

Attorneys for Relator. 
THE STATE OF IOWA, \ 
County of Marshall, j ®^' 
To the County Judge of Marshall County, Greeting : 

Whereas, it has lately been represented unto the District Court of the County of Marshall, 
State of Iowa, on the behalf of William Parnell, that the said Wm. Parnell is a resident of the 
town of Albion, in said county, that he is the owner of real estate therein, and that he is beneficially 
interestedinhavingthecounty seat of Marshall relocated at said town of Albion; that on the 11th 
day of January, A. D. 1860, a notice was issued in the Marietta Wtekly Express, a weekly news- 
paper published in said county, and the same was published for a term of twenty days there- 
after, notifying the citizens of said county that at the February term of the County Court of 
said county, being on the first Monday of February, A. 1). 1860 a petition would be presented 
to the said court praying the relocation of the county seat of said county at the town of Albion, 
in said county; that on tlie said first Monday of February, A. D. I860, the said petition was 
presented to the saiil County Court, praying the relocation of the county seat of said county at 
the town of Albion, and praying the Court to order that at the next April election holden there- 
after, to wit: on the first .Monday of April, that a vote should be taken between the said desig- 
nated place, Albion, and the existing county seat ; that said petition was signed by seven hundred 
and seventeen citizens of said county, six htmdred and eighty-five of which signers were legal 
voters of said county ; that an affidavit was made at the time of the presentation of said 
petition, before the County .Judge of said county, by at least one credible witness, that all the 
signers were, as the affiant verily believed, legal voters of said county ; that proof of the publi- 
cation of said notice was duly made before the said County Court, previous to the publication of 
said petition; that the number of voters in the county of Marshall, according to the last preced- 
ing census, previous to the presentation, was twelve hundred and eighty-four (1,"284) ; that upon 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 403 

the presentation of said petition a remonstrance to tlie prayer of said petition was presented to 
said court, signed by seven hzoidred nnd .sei)enty-ei<jht (778) persons, claimed to be legal voters of 
said county, and the same was by affidavit in the same manner of petition ; that afterward the 
said cause having been continued until the 15th day of February, I860, at which time a further 
remonstrance was presented, signed by twenty-two persons, and verified in the same manner • 
that upon the presentation of said petition and remonstrances, certain proceedings were had 
before the said Court, in which and by which it was by the said Court decided and determined that 
of the names of persons signed to the said remonstrances there appeared to be but six himdred and 
pinet}i-five (695) legal voters, entitled as such to sign such remonstrance ; and to the said petition 
there appeared but six hundred and eighty-five names of persons, legal voters in said county, as 
such entitled to sign such petition ; that therefore the said County Court, then and there, refused 
to grant the prayer of the petition, and refused to make the said order, and still refuses so to 
do ; that the said relator, nor the citizens of the county of Marshall, have any plain, speedy 
and adequate remedy at law. 

These are, therefore, in the name and by the authority of the State of Iowa, to command 
you that you forthwith proceed to make and enter at length upon the proper record book of said 
County Court, an order that at the April election to be holden hereafter, to wit : on the first 
Monday of April, A. D. 1861, a vote shall be taken upon the relocation of the county seat of 
said county, between the town of Albion aforesaid and the town of Marshall, the existing county 
seat of said county; or that in default thereof, you show to this honorable Court, on or before 
the morning of the sixth day of the present term of this court, why you have not done the 
same. 

In witness whereof, I, James L. Williams, Clerk of the District Court of the County of Mar- 
shall, have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of said court, this fifth day of April, 
I860. ■ James L. Williams, 

Clerk of the District Court of Marshall County, Iowa. 

BOND. 

We, the undersigned, acknowledge ourselves to owe and be indebted to the county of Mar- 
shall, in the State of Iowa, in the sum of Five Hundred Dollars. 

To be void on condition that the undersigned shall pay or cause to be paid to the proper 
parties, or to the said county for the use of the proper parties, all costs incurred on behalf of 
the town of Marshall in a certain proceeding now depending in the County Court of said county, 
in the matter of a petition and remonstrance relating to an order for a vote on the question of 
relocating the county seat of said county between the town of Marshall, the present county seat, 
and the town of Albion, in said county. , Wells S. Rice, 

H. D. Haetwell. 

On the 7th of April, Judge Battin subscribed the following demurrer to the 
mandamus : 

STATE OF IOWA, COUNTY OF MARSHALL. 



District Court. — April Term, 1860. 

The State of Iowa, ex rel. ] MandamuSi 

vs. 
The County Judge of Mar- 



„ T I Demurrer. 

shall County, Iowa. 

Comes now William Battin, County Judge of said county, and demurring and excepting 
to the alternative writ of mandamus heretofore issued in this cause, says he ought not to 
be required to obey the mandate of said writ, and for cause thereof showeth the court the 
following : 

1st. That said writ commands defendant to perform an act which the law does not specially 
enjoin as a duty resulting from an office, trust or station. 

2d. The law does not require the defendant to relocate the county seat of said county, and 
the prayer of the petition mentioned in said writ could not be granted by defendant. 

3d. Said writ is not issued upon information ; or, if so, the informant is not made known 
to defendant by said writ. 

4th. Said writ is misdirected, in that it issues to the County Judge, who is not authorized 
to perform the act required by the mandate of said writ. 

5th. Said writ requires defendant to make an order for election not conformable to the 
prayer of the petitions referred to in said writ, in that said petitions are alleged to have asked 
for a vote on the first Monday in April. A. D. 1860, and said writ commands defendant to order 
an election in April, A. D. 1861. 

6th. Said writ does not show that any petition, such as is required by the law of 1855 on 
the subject of relocating county seats, was ever presented to defendant, praying an order such 
as is required by the mandate of said writ. 



404 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

7th. Said writ commands the County Judge to do what could only be done by the County 
Court. 

8fh. There is no law authorizing a vote on the question of relocating the county seat of 
said county. 

0th. There is no April election now authorized by law, and the County Judge is not 
authorized to appoint an election for the purpose designated in the mandate of said writ. 

10th. The writ seeks to control the discretion of a judicial officer, acting in a judicial 
capacity. 

II th. Said writ commands the defendant to perform a judicial act in a particular manner. 

12th. Said writ shows upon its face that the County Court has acted and determined the 
questions referred to in said writ. 

13th. Said writ shows that by the finding of the County Court an actual majority of the 
legal voters of said county remonstrated against an order for a vote on the question of relocating 
the county seat of said county, as prayed for by the petitioners, and therefore, 

14th. Said writ shows that the prayer of said petition ought not to have been granted, and 
it cannot now be granted. 

loth. Said writ expressly declares that the relator — whoever he may be — and the citizens 
of the county of Marshall, have no plain, speedy or adequate remedy at law; and, therefore, 
he and they are not entitled to the writ. 

1 6th. If the relator, or any person aggrieved by the decision of the County Court, have 
any remedy, it is by appeal of writ of certiorari. Wm. Battin, 

By H. C. Henderson, County Judge. 

His Attorney. 

The Court sustained the demurrer, and the counsel for the people 
took exceptions thereto, but the case was never taken to the Supreme 
Court. 

Thus ended the county seat contest, which had extended over nearly a 
ilecade of the history of Marshall County. No effort to renew it has ever been 
made, and Marshalltown may rest safely on the numerous laurels she has 
won. 

When the county seat was finally given to Marshall, many of the most 
active men removed from Marietta and cast their fortunes with their whilom 
rival. 

Among those who are still living in Marshall are James L. Williams, John 
Turner, William H. Weatherly and H. E. J. Boardman. 

Judge Smith removed to his farm on Timber Creek, and, three years ago, 
to Albion, where he still resides. 

Judge Battin is living on his farm near Liscomb. 

The feeling which so long controlled the men of Marshall County is fast 
dying out. The greater number accept the theory of Aaron Burr, " There is 
no use repining over the inevitable," and join in the development of the enter- 
prising city of Marshall. 

MARIETTA. 

Let us approach this village with heads uncovered, and for a moment stand 
in silence, as before the dead ! There is something pitiful in the record here 
transcribed. It is the story of that which was, yet is not ; of a village which 
might have been. 

It was not written in the book of Fate that Marietta should hold dominion 
over the lovely region of Marshall County, and the hand of the destroying 
forces have wrought sad changes where hopeful minds conceived bright possi- 
bilities. 

There is an air of desolateness about the ruins of the little town that strikes 
one like a chill blast, as one gazes on the scene once busy with ambitious life. 
The bright sun could not dispel the atmosphere of solitude as we drove through 
the deserted streets and paused upon the spot where hostile men stood in crude 
but desperate array. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 405 

Here, where the corn grows highest and promises a rich harvest of golden 
grain, the Court House stood. There, where the trench still breaks the even- 
ness of the prairie sod, the Marshall soldiers awaited the grim order to assail 
the weak fortress of the county. Yonder, half hidden by the waving fields of 
corn, stand the homes of the several participants in the struggle that so nearly 
terminated in bloodshed. 

There is no air of idleness or decay on the fertile farms of Robert Timmons, 
Martin Braddock and Jacob Whealan, but we cannot help speculating on the 
might have been, as we rest in the shades of the enormous stacks of hay and 
grain that are piled up in the very center of the village limits. 

The '■ corner lots " fronting the " public square " are given over to the use 
of cattle, and where there might have been high blocks of handsome stores, 
there are the unpoetic pig-sties and the appurtenances of a farm yard. The 
large farm house owned by Mr. Timmons stands on the corner opposite the 
"park," and just across the street is his immense barn. These buildings show 
the prosperity of their proprietor, but they mock the weather-stained, preten- 
tious buildings that have survived the shock of time and disaster. Mr. Tim- 
mons turned from town to country life, with that philosophic determination to 
succeed, which proves his shrewdness, and his bravery to fight fate as well as 
invading forces. 

We step across the street from this home of comfort, and pass the park. 
There, in a central location, stands the post office, a little building, covered with 
brilliantly colored circus posters, displaying men and women in all sorts of 
impossible attitudes, and imparting to the dilapidated structure the appearance of 
trying to be gay in spite of its broken windows and dusty floor. A pane of 
glass is gone, and we gaze through the aperture at the official array of lettered 
boxes within. The Postmaster is at home, for there is little need of his await- 
ing the coming of an applicant for mail. A few letters and papers still repose 
in sleepy quiet in their appropriate receptacles, as though they contained no 
startling intelligence to shock their sometime readers, and were thankful for it. 
A stray urchin rushes by us, the only sign of human life upon the streets, and 
manifests his free, American spirit by tearing the circus-bill equestrian, who 
stood so defiantly an instant before, in a most shocking manner. Satisfied with 
his work of destruction, the boy runs away and hides himself behind a barn. 

We continue our ride across the village plat, and pause before the door of 
the venerable Postmaster, who, with his good wife, greets us cordially. Mr. 
Jacob Randall was one of the first to locate on the charming site, and still retains 
his early admiration for the place. Well he may do so, for Marietta was a 
lovely spot, and still is pleasing to the eye, despite the gloomy air which so 
affects a chance observer. This disturbing sensitiveness the worthy Postmaster 
does not possess, for he has seen the gradual change occur and has become 
accustomed to each trifling phase. As they relate to us the history of the con- 
test, and point out the several scenes of action, we feel that, had all been 
imbued with the spirit manifested by Mrs. Randall and her friend Mrs. Crow, 
the termination of the day's conflict might not have been so peaceful as it was. 

We see the former homes of Thomas B. Abell, William Dishon, J. L. Will- 
iams, Jacob Holland, John Robbins, Edward Hall, W. C. Smith, Richard 
Lackey, Thomas Greener, Israel Grifiith, John Miller, Lot Holmes, Joseph 
Mills and others whose names are associated with the place and times. Many 
of the houses have been torn down, while the old Court House was removed to 
MarshaP. and transformed into a less prominent building, as though to add to 
the degradation of the memorable pile. 



406 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. * 

Now we are passing a cottage that once must have been a constant delight 
to the proprietor and a source of pride to the town. A well constructed fence, 
of neat design, surrounds the yard, but the hand of the careful owner no longer 
trims the vines or prunes the shrubs which thrive luxuriantly therein. A grape 
clambers recklessly about and seems to be endeavoring to get away from the 
place. Trees cast a shade as deep as twilight over the ground. Wild bushes 
and weeds lift up their heads in open defiance of right, and rejoice at their 
undisturbed possession of the gai'den. 

The streets of the town present the appearance of an unkempt country road. 
The whole place is neither village nor farm — it is that strange combination of 
life in death. Thrifty farms and spacious buildings crowd out the tumbling 
residences of by-gone days. 

Let us glance backward at the times when Marietta promised to become the 
leading city of the region. 

The first entry of land in the vicinity of the town of Marietta, as it is now 
defined, was made by Dr. E. B. Bush, June 23, 1848. The quarter section 
chosen by him was the southeast quarter of Section 34, Town 85, Range 19, 
just south of the Iowa River, but across the north line of Marietta Township, 
in Bangor. That entire section was included in the precinct of Minerva Creek, 
at the first election in 1849. Mr. Sherman, his brother-in-law came with Dr. 
Bush and located in the neighborhood of the first claim, but no record of land 
purchase is made. 

Among the first settlers in the vicinity of Marietta were Reuben Rosseau, 
Dr. 0. P. Hixson, Alexander Crow, William Peterman (who was probably one 
of the very first to settle), Mr. Coddington, Chester Brackett, Mahlon Wood- 
ward, Thomas Wimberly, Martin Braddock, Richard Lackey. In the year '51, 
William H. Weatherly settled in that town. 

John B. Hobbs located in what is now Iowa Township in 1850, and in 
1851, William Dishon moved to a point just north of the village site, and 
expressed a determination to lay out a town there. • 

Under the code of 1851, John B. Hobbs was elected County Judge, and in 
the early Fall of that year, the Commissioners appointed to locate the county 
seat, chose the west half of the southwest (;[uarter of Section 18, Town 84, Range 

18, and the east half of the southeast quarter of Section 13, Town 84, Range 

19, as the most desirable site. 

John B. Hobbs and Isaac Dawson immediately entered these lands, which 
were public domain at the time of their selection by the Commissioners, and 
platted a village thereon. The owners recorded their plat October 11, 1851. 
John Mills Barnard was the surveyor. 

One-half of the village was deeded to the county by the owners, as is shown 
by the following deed. 

DEED. 

For tlie consideration of .S200. we, John B. Hobbs and Isaac Dawson, of Marshall County 
and State of Iowa, do hereby convey to Marshall ("ounty, in the State aforesaid, the following 
described tract of land, situateil in the Town of Marietta, the county seat of Marshall County, 
in blocks and lots as follows : 

Block 2 and Lots o, 4, 7 and 8 in Block 3 ; Lots 7 and 8 in Block 4 ; Lots 3, 4, 7 and 8 in 
Block ; Lots 3, 4, 7 and 8 in Block G ; Lots 3, 4, 7 and 8 in Blocks 7, 8 and 9 ; Lots 3, 4, 7 
and 8 in Block 10 ; Lots 1, 2, Sand C in Block 11 ; Lots 3, 4, 7 and 8 in Block 12 ; Lots 1 , 2, Sand 6 
in Block 13 ; Lots 1, 2, ■> and 6 in Blocks 14, 16 and 18; Lots 3, 4, 7 and 8 in Block 19 ; Lots 
3. 4, 7 .and 8 in Block 20 ; Lots 3, 4, 7 and 8 in Block 21 ; Lots 3, 4, 7 and 8 in Block 22 ; Lots 
1, 2, 5 and (3 in Block 2-') ; Lots 3, 4, 7 and 8 in Block 26 ; Lots 1, 2, 5 and 6 in Block 27 ; Lots 
3, 4, 7 and 8 in Block 28 ; Lots 3, 4, 7 and 8 in Blocks 29, 31 and 33 ; Lots 3, 4, 7 and 8 in 
Block 34 ; Lots 3, 4, 7 and 8 in Block 35 ; Lots 3. 4, 7 and 8 in Block 36 ; Lots 3, 4, 7 and 8 in 







■^-urs^-y'-- 



Jas. L.Williams 

MARSHAarOlVN 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 409 

Block 37; Lots :1, 4, 7 and 8 in Blocks 88, 39, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52 and 54, all on the east 
half of the southeast quarter of Section 13, in Township 84, north of Ran<Te 19 west ; and on the 
•west half of the southwest quarter of Section 18, in Township 84, north of Range 18 west, to 
have and to hold the same unto the second part, and its assigns forever. And the above premises 
is conveyed clear of all incumbrance, except one-half of ihe expense of surveying the said town 
of Marietta, in which the foregoing lots and blocks do lay. And we warrant the title against all 
persons whomsoever, and Emily Ilobbs, wife of said John B. Hobbs, and Sarah Dawson, wife of 
said Isaac Dawson, do hereby relinquish all their right and claim of dowry in and to said prem- 
ises, as witness whereof the said John B. Hobbs and Emily Hobbs, and Isaac Dawson and 
Sarah Dawson have hereunto set their hands and seals, April 6, A. D. 1852. 

John B. Hobbs. 

Isaac Dawson. 

Emily Hobbs. 
In presence of Jabob Hauser and Martha Dawson. Sarah Dawson. 

State of Iowa, Marshall County, ss. : Before me. Jacob Hauser, Clerk of the District 
Court of the county and State aforesaid, personally appeared the above named John B. Hobbs 
and Emily Hobbs, his wife, and Isaac Dawson and Sarah Dawson, his wife, personally knowing 
to me to be the identical persons whose names are subscribed to the above conveyance as grant- 
ors, and acknowledged the execution of the same to be their voluntary act and deed. 

Given under my hand, this April, 22d day, A. D. 1852. Jacob Hauser, 

Clerk of the District Court of Marshall Co., Iowa. 

Mr. Dish on was induced to locate in the village, and there opened, in 1851, 
a general store, which was the second mercantile venture in the county. The 
first store was opened in Le Grand, by James Allman, in 1850. 

The succeeding stores were conducted by Thomas Darlington, Peter and 
Edward Collins, J. B. Thomas, Henry Crow, Chester Brackett, C. Tomlinson, 
Alfred Cummings, John Anson, Letchey Brothers (furniture) and John Turner 
(hardware). Dr. Whealen opened a drug store at an early date. 

William Dishon's log house was the first one erected. The Court House, 
which figures so largely in this history, was the first frame building put up in 
the limits. Alexander Crow, who was the contractor, hauled the materials 
from Iowa City and Muscatine. 

Mr. Hobbs never lived in the village, but resided on what is now known 
as the Swearengen farm, near Albion. 

The first religious services were conducted in 1851-52, by Father Dunton, 
of the Methodist Episcopal denomination, who acted as missionary in this region. 
The first school was taught by Hon. Delos Arnold, in 1850. Dr. Whealen was 
the first responsible physician in the town in 1853, although Dr. Atwater prac- 
ticed there prior to that time. Dr. W. B. Waters and Dr. Winterstein were 
located in the place at a later period. 

The legal profession was represented by H. E. J. Boardman, Delos Arnold, 
Loring Brown, Thomas J. Wilson and J. Crookham. 

The first established Pastor was Peter Collins, who came in '52. 
There were church societies formed by the Methodists, Christians, Disciples, 
Baptists, Quakers and Roman Catholics, but full histories of these organiza- 
tions cannot be obtained. The records, if any were kept, have long since 
passed out of the knowledge of man. 

Alexander Crow opened the first tavern ; and shortly afterward, A. L. 
Hall, now of Marshalltown, and William Shively kept public houses. 

Among the first artisans in the place were : Alexander Crow and John Bai- 
ley, carpenters ; Elias Wolohan, blacksmith ; John Turner, tinner ; James 
Geitzey, furniture maker ; Thomas Greener, shoemaker ; John Lodwe and 
Henry James, wagon makers. 

The post office was established in 1852, with William Dishon as Postmaster. 
The present incumbent has filled the office honorably for twenty years, or there- 
abouts. His present term of service is over sixtsen years. 

o 



410 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

In 1852, we find the names of Lot Holmes, Jesse Amos and William Marsh 
figuring in the history of the place. It was in this year that George Atwater 
moved to jNIarietta. 

The following year, 1853, is the date of the inception of the struggle which 
ended in the death of the town. The resignation of Judge Hobbs, in the Fall 
of '52, and the sale of his interest in the town to William Dishon, withdrew 
his name from the exciting events of the next eight years. 

Atwater, by virtue of the office of Prosecuting Attorney, to which he had 
been elected shortly after his arrival, became Judge of the County. 

The account of the contest for supremacy between Marietta and Marshall is 
given a separate chapter, and need not be recounted here. 

In 1853, Judge Smith took up his residence in Marietta ; and subsequent 
to that, the Williams family moved to the county and located at Marietta. Mr. 
J. L. Williams became one of the leading men in the fight. Mr. H. E, J. 
Boardman was one of the foremost men of the place. Mr. Delos Arnold took 
no minor part in the drama. 

The history of this town is practically the history of the county seat war, 
after the year 1853, and an attempt to reproduce the personal experiences of 
those who lived there would be to commit the folly we have all along sought to 
avoid, that is, the error of awakening unpleasant memories of the past. 

All who engaged in the scenes of those days have agreed to bury the hatchet, 
perhaps with regret at individual losses, for that would be but human, but still 
with a genuine determination to work for the interests of the county. 

Let us, then, ring down the curtain on Marietta, and turn to the more pros- 
perous city of Marshalltown and to the county generally. 



RAILROADS. 

The railroad history of Marshall County forms an interesting chapter, inas- 
much as this question, like nearly all others of a public nature, is more or less 
involved in the greater one of the county seat location. 

No sooner was Marshall County endowed with life, by the settlement of en- 
terprising men upon its fertile lands, than the attention of the more active 
minds was turned to the securing of rail communication with Eastern markets. 
When the need of postal and market advantages was realized, strenuous efforts 
were made to procure the survey of a line east from Marshall County, as a con- 
tinuation of some one of the main lines to Chicago. 

Marietta, which not only possessed the county archives and was the estab- 
lished seat of justice, locally, but which even aspired to the dignity of being the 
State capital, was successful in getting a preliminary survey for a railroad run 
to her, before Marshall was able to check the movement. 

The Iowa Central Air Line Railroad was sprung into life through the be- 
stowal of public land grants by Congress, and was designated as thq, corpora- 
tion to construct an east and west road through the State, as near as practicable 
on the forty-second parallel. In addition to the Congressional subsidy, private 
and municipal aid was pledged, by interested parties, to this company, and success 
seemed certain. 

The opposition between Marietta and Marshall naturally provoked an in- 
tense rivalry on the subject of this railroad project. If Marietta obtained the 
road, the hopes entertained by Marshall of one day depriving that town of the 
county seat would be forever blighted. We find, therefore, a vigorous spirit 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 411 

manifested by Marshall against the Air Line Road, shortly after the promulga- 
tion of the scheme. 

Marshall turned her attention to Cedar Rapids as the point most likely to 
co-operate with her, and through the instrumentality of G. M. Woodbury, 
gained the confidence of such men as Judge Greene, John Weare and others. 

The Marshall County Times lifted up its voice in advocacy of some plan 
to defeat the Air Line and thwart Marietta. 

In 1858, the proposed road showed signs of weakness, and was openly de- 
nounced as a swindle. Efforts were made to bolster it up and retain the grant, 
but the main purpose was carefully avoided by the manipulators of the funds, 
and the public became disgusted with the policy of the corporation. 

Early in '59, it Avas proposed to induce the Legislature to transfer the fran- 
chise of the Air Line to a corporation to connect with the Chicago, Iowa & Ne- 
braska Railroad, which had reached Cedar Rapids from the Mississippi and 
opened up communication with Chicago and the East. ' 

Every inducement was offered by Cedar Rapids to obtain the formation of 
a new company, which was to have the rights of the Air Line, and be a practi- 
cal extension of the C , I. & N., and intersect the Missouri traffic on the west- 
ern boundary of this State. 

Marshall joined heart and hand in this plan, for it not only made her the 
railroad town of the county, but also killed, at one blow. Marietta and the Air 
Line Road. 

On the 11th of May, 1859, a convention was held at Marshall, at which 
the following resolutions were adopted : 

Whereas, We, the delegates representing the sentiments and interests of the people of the 
counties of Linn, Tama, Marshall, Boone and Greene, in the State of Iowa, on the subject of 
railroads, are duly impressed with the importance, not to say absolute necessity, of railroad 
connection with the East, and deem it to be our duty to extend our sympathies, support and 
confidence to any company or organization which promises to give us the benefit of an Eastern 
railroad connection in the shortest practicable space of time ; and 

Whereas, The long cherished hopes of our people in the sucess of the " Iowa Central Air 
Line Railroad Company" have been utterly disappointed, and there no longer remains any reason 
for expecting the fulfillment of the pledges of that faithless organization, and the conditions on 
which the munificent grant of lands was ceded to it ; and. 

Whereas, The Chicago, Iowa & Nebraska Railroad Company, by the energetic, economical 
and successful management of their aftairs, have evinced the capacity and integrity of its direct- 
ory, and forced us to a confident reliance on its entire ability to earry forward its plans with 
characteristic promptness and regard to the wants and expectations of the public ; now there- 
fore, be it 

Resolved, That all the interests, present and prospective, of the tier of counties in Central 
Iowa, running west from the Cedar River, on the 42d parallel of latitude, demand a railroad on 
or near said parallel, and that we hereby pledge the hearty co-operation of the people in said 
counties to such an enterprise. 

Resolved, That we have lost all confidence in the capacity and integrity of the " Iowa Central 
Air Line Railroad Company :" that its reckless mismanagement, the corrupt and extravagant 
expenditure of its funds, the imbecility of its directory and plan of operation, and its entire 
failure to meet the just expectations of the people along the line, and comply witli the conditions 
on which the "land grant" was ceded by the State to said company, all combine to drive out 
the last reasonable hope in its future success, and its power to confer any, even the slightest, 
benefit upon those for whose benefit particularly said land grant was ceded to it. 

Resclved, That we believe that sheer justice to the counties west of the Cedar River, in 
which the lands heretofore ceded to said " Air Line Railroad Company" lie, demands at the hands 
of the legislative authorities of the State a transfer of said "land grant" to a more efficient 
organization, under proper restrictions guarding the interests of said counties in said " grant." 

Resolved, That we have the utmost confidence in the directory and management of the 
" Chicago, Iowa & Nebraska Railroad Company," inspired by the eminent success which has 
crowned their efforts in constructing their road from the Mississippi to the Cedar River, a dis- 
tance of 82 miles, in these times of unparalleled commercial and financial depression. 

ResAved, That if said last named company will take hold of the project of extending their 
line west from the Cedar River, as indicated in the first resolution above, we deem it expedient 



412 HISTORY Oh MARSHALL CuUNTY. 

and pfoper, and we ereby recommend, that the " hxnd grant" be transferred to said company 
to aid in the construction of such extension ; but in case said company should decline to enter 
upon said project, then we recommend the early organization of a new company to carry forward 
substantially such design by constructing a road west from the terminus of the "C, I. & N. R. 
R." on the Cedar River, and transfer of said "land grant" to such new company. 

Resolved, That in carrying forward the object above indicated, we deem it to be of the utmost 
importance to avoid all local and sectional jealousy, to refrain from any attempt to dictate to the 
company which shall undertake the construction of a railroad through our county the line of its 
location, but are willing and desirous to allow the directory of said company to locate the road 
at their discretion, having due regard to the general public interest, and the best interest, present 
and prospective, of the company. 

Similar resolutions were received from the several counties interested in 
the project. The convention was attended by the leading men of Marshall 
and all places along the projected line. It was an enthusiastic gathering, and 
indicated a determination to succeed. 

Thereafter, the Times was filled with articles showing the advantages of 
opening up trade with Cedar Rapids, and encouraging by every conceivable 
argument the success of the plan. 

The following address to the people was issued, and cast broadcast over the 
countrv. It is reproduced entire, as an ample explanation of the work pro- 
posed, *^as well as of the sentiment of the people at the time : 

To the Citizens of Linn, Benton, Tcfma, Marshall, Slori/, Boone, Greene, Carroll, Crawford and Mo- 
nona Counties, in the State of Iowa : 

At a convention of delegates representing the counties of Linn, Tama, Marshall, Boone and 
Greene, convened pursuant to notice, at the town of Marshall, on Wednesday, the 11th of May, 
1859, for the purpose of considering our railroad interests, the undersigned were appointed a 
committee to prepare an address to the people interested, briefly stating the history of railroad 
operations so far as they point westwardly through our tier of counties, furnishing such infor- 
mation as we could command on the subject, and earnestly soliciting the future co-operation of 
the people all along the line, from the Cedar to the Missouri, in prosecuting such plans as will 
procure for ourselves the advantage of railroad facilities at the earliest practicable day. 

In pursuance of the wish of the Convention, the undersigned ask the attention of those 
into whose hands this paper shall fall, for a few moments. 

Sometime in the year 1858, the "Iowa Air Line Railroad Company" was organized for the 
purpose of constructing a road from Sabula, on the Mississippi River, westwardly on a straight 
line (or nearly so) to the Missouri. This company, it was intended, should be exclusively an 
Iowa company, owned, controlled and built by Iowa men. The company maintained its exist- 
ence, but without accomplishing any substantial good, for nearly three years, when Congress 
made a large grant of public lands along the line of the proposed road, to the State to aid in 
constructing a road. The amount of these lands is now ascertained to be over 600,000 acres. 
There were certain restrictions and conditions imposed by Congress, and, subject to these, and 
some others imposed by the Legislature, the lands were granted to said company. 

Nearly all these lands lie west of the Cedar River, and the distance from the Mississippi to 
the Cedar, on the route proposed by Congress, although not exactly known to us, is probably 
nearly 100 miles. The Legislature required the company to build twenty miles of the road, and 
then authorized them to sell twenty miles of the land, and so on until the road should be com- 
pleted, and seventy-five miles of the road were to be completed and equipped by the 1st day of 
December, 1859. 

A failure to' comply with the conditions would work a forfeiture of the lands granted, and 
the law provided for the right of the State, in such case, to resume the control of the lands. 
Spasmodic efi'orts have since been made from time to time, by said company, to go forward with 
the work, and a great deal of money (considerably over §1,000,000) has been expended by them, 
according to their showing, yet not a rail is laid — and there is no hope that they will ever suc- 
ceed in their undertaking. They have delayed the work until rival roads have been constructed, 
taken possession of the field of operations, and though not precisely on the line of the " Air 
Line Road," they run so close and parallel with it, that the completion of the road, even as far 
as the work has been partially done by the Air Line Company, is almost rendered unnecessary 
for the convenience of those for whose benefit it is constructed. The company now has scarcely 
enough vitality left to keep up its legal existence, while its own friends have abandoned it as a 
hopeless and lifeless thing. 

The city of Lyons, which is at the eastern termiiuis of the road as proposed by Congress in 
making the land grant, and which is more interested in the concern than any other town, has 
rescinded the vote by which it voted .'540,000 of its bonds to the company, and other towns are 
taking the same course, and will probably arrive at the same result. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 413 

It is now very certain that the Aiv Line Company will utterly fair to comply with the condi- 
tions of the land grant, and the lands will revert to the State. 

But to add to all the disadvantages which rest like an incubus upon the affairs of that com- 
pany, recent investigation has disclosed a state of corruption and imbecility, unparalleled in the 
history of railroad enterprise. The company is without funds, witliout credit, without charac- 
ter, and has nothing to depend upon in the future but the land grant, and that is departing from 
them as rapidly as the present year is passing away. It is not probable that even the existence 
of the company can be maintained for another year. Such, then, fellow-citizens, is the brief his- 
tory of that company — the only company to which we in this tier of counties, west of Cedar, 
have been in the habit, until recently, of looking for railroad facilities. 

The land grant was made by Congress for the benefit of the interior of the State, to develop 
the resources of these counties, and create a demand for the remaining public lands lying in 
and near them. It was made to encourage us to settle in this tier of counties, and many of us 
came here, not doubting but that the liberal designs of the General Government would be carried 
out in good faith by the railroad company into whose hands these lands should be placed by the 
State. These lands do not belong and were never intended to be given up to the company with- 
out an equivalent to us. They belong to us virtually, and the State and railroad company are 
merely our trustees. Since, then, it is certain the Air Line Company will not be able to comply 
with the conditions of the grant, and since we are forced to the conclusion that the last vestige of 
hope from that source has been removed by the corruption, mismanagement and delay, and even 
next to bankruptcy of that company, it becomes our duty, as it is our right, to cast about us and 
see what our interest, under the circumstances, requires at our hands. 

The only substantial and material means within our reach (beyond a moderate subscription 
by corporations and individuals along the line of the railroad) for railroad purposes are 
the lands granted by Congress, and to make them available, they must be transferred from the 
Air Line to some other company. If this disposition of the lands can be procured at the next 
session of our State Legislature (and with the consent of Congress, if that be requisite — and we 
are unable to see why such a transfer may not be obtained if we do our duty, and send a proper 
Representative to the capital next Winter), we have then a good foundation laid for future opera- 
tions. Probably by the time this circular reaches you, the Chicago, Iowa & Nebraska Railroad 
will be completed to Cedar Rapids, fully one-fourth of the distance to the Missouri River from 
the Mississippi River, and probably more. Two plans are suggested, which we will state. 

One is to organize a new company, to construct a road from Cedar Rapids, west, and the 
other is to unite our fortunes with the C, I.& N. R. R.Co.,andget them to extend their road west, 
and in the event of either of these plans being adopted, to procure the transfer of the land grant 
to aid in the work. 

It gives us great personal pleasure to second the unanimous wish of the Convention we repre- 
sent, by recommending the extension of the C, I. & N. Road in preference to theorganization,of a 
new company, simply asking such proper representation in the directory as will protect our 
interests. 

We the more heartily indorse this plan because of the entire confidence we feel in the 
integrity and soundness of the company. The company which, in the space of three years, by 
almost unaided private enterprise, and in the midst of strong competition and bitter opposition 
arising from local jealousies, and during these unparalleled hard times, has completed and 
equipped eighty miles of road is entitled to our confidence, and unquestionably stands well with the 
commercial and financial world ; and this confidence is not a little heightened by a comparison 
of its operations with its once great but now dead rival. 

The C, I. & N. R. R. completed to Cedar Rapids, and fully equipped and furnished with 
rolling stock, cost less than $1,500,000, while nearly all that amount has already been expended 
by the Air Line Company, and not a single foot of their road is completed or likely soon to be. No 
present inhabitant of these counties can hope to live to see the Air Line completed at the past 
rate of its construction ; and we are confident that the whole State is not able to foot the cost of 
it, at the rate of expenditure heretofore indulged in by its directory. The record of the latter 
company is one of weakness and folly, not to say crime, resulting in nothing but blasted hopes 
and ruined fortunes, while the history of the former is a record of wisdom, economy and enter- 
prise eminently crowned with success. 

Another reason for indorsing this plan is that the line will be continuous, and under one 
directory, leaving no opportunity for conflicting interest and jealousy. This is no small matter, 
but taken in connection with the well established reputation and untainted credit of the company, 
is a conclusive and irresistible argument in favor of the plan proposed. No new company could 
hope to start under such favorable auspices. 

The resources which we along the line, with the aid of the land grant, could bring into the 
field of operations, added to the strength, credit and experience of the C, I. & N. R. R. Co., 
with its eighty-two miles of road in complete operation, would insure the completion of our road 
sooner than we could possibly hope for one from any other source, or by any other scheme. 

If we but regard our own interest we conceive that no time will be lost in bringing ourselves 
at once square up to the work in prosecuting the plan proposed. Let us go to work energetically 
and make the necessary sacrifice of present time and expenses for the future public good. Let 



414 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

us see to it that our Representatives at Des Moines next Winter are with us, and men of intelli- 
gence and influence. Let us avoid all sectional and local jealousy and contest for rival interests, 
resting satisfied if the common good of the counties along the line is kept in view. Let us do all 
these, and it will not be long until we have a railroad and markets. The undeveloped wealth of 
this part of Iowa will be made known to the Eastern world, and with an increased population and 
growth in material wealth, we shall advance to a higher civilization and enter upon a career of 
unexampled prosperity. 

It has been agreed to hold a convention at Cedar Rapids on the 13th of June next, for the 
purpose of inaugurating the proposed plan of operations, at which it is expected that a large 
number of the Eastern stockholders and heavy capitalists who are interested in the C, I. & N. R. 
R. will be present. It is very important that every county along the line shall be represented, 
and it is recommended that five delegates be sent from each county. 

Two delegates have already been appointed from each of the counties of Tama, Marshall, 
Boone and Greene. These were appointed at the convention at Marshall, on the 11th inst. 
Three more are to be selected by each of said counties, and a delegation of five from each of the 
other counties on the line, and we hope the people will take hold of the matter, appoint their 
strongest, most active and influential men, and those who will attend most certainly. Let there 
be a full attendance from each county at Cedar Rapids on the 13th of June. Consider the 
importance of the undertaking and govern yourselves accordingly. 

W. W. Walker, 
H. 0. Henderson, 

Committee. 

Pursuant to the call, a convention was held in Cedar Rapids June 11, 
1859. Marshall County was represented by Messrs. James Allman, H. S. 
Patrick, T. V. W. Young, Thomas Schofield and H. C. Henderson. 

The result of that meeting was the formation of a new corporation for the 
purpose of supplanting the old Air Line Company. The following gentlemen 
were chosen Directors : Robert M. Rippey, Greene County ; G. M. Woodbury, 
Marshall County ; L. C. Sanders, Boone County ; A. D. Stephens, Benton 
County ; James Hawthorne, Story County ; John Weare and John F. Ely, 
Linn County; James W. Graham and W. C Salisbury, Tama County; Mr. 
Dennison, Crawford County ; John Bertram of Salem, Mass.; Oakes Ames, 
Boston ; L. B. Crocker, Oswego ; John Wentworth and Charles Walker, of 
Chicago. The officers chosen were: President L. B. Crocker; Vice President, 
G. M. Woodbury ; Treasurer, John Weare ; Secretary, W. W. Walker ; Exec- 
utive Committee — L. B. Crocker, G. M. Woodbury, John Weare, John F. Ely 
and W. C. Salisbury. 

The new company naturally encountered great opposition from the elements 
favorable to the old Air Line road. In August, 1859, we find that Mr. Wood- 
bury felt called upon to issue the following circular as an excitant : 

The time has arrived for the people of the counties on and near the 42d parallel of latitude 
to arouse themselves to earnest action in one great and united ettbrt to save the Government 
lands donated to this State to aid in building a railroad on this parallel, and making them avail- 
able to the legitimate objects for which they were granted. 

The delegates which these counties sent to the convention held at Cedar Rapids on the 13th 
of June, after carefully considering the whole subject, made the organization of this new com- 
pany, called the Cedar Valley I'v: Missouri Rail Road Company. 

The embarrassed, if not insolvent and bankrupt, condition of the Iowa Central Air Line 
Company, made it evident to the Convention that that company could not build the road if let 
alone; and it was believed unsafe and hazardous in the extreme for individuals or counties to 
make subscriptions to the stock of that company, lest their whole assets should be sold on out- 
standing obligations, which still exist to more than half a million of dollars, without any means 
of payment. Nor was the embarrassment of the com])any the only objection to its being made 
again the favored recipient, from the State Legislature, of the lands granted by Congress to aid 
this line of road ; objections far more fatal and alarming to the minds of that convention came 
up in such force as to compel them not only to withhold their confidence and support from the 
Iowa Central Company, but to take the most active and prompt measures to dispossess that com- 
pany of the use and perversions of the lands which it was their policy and intention to make. 

They originally designed to use the lands, which are all west of the Cedar, and mostly west 
of the Des Moines, to build the road commencing on the Mississippi ; but they now propose to 
begin at Anamosa, some thirty or forty miles east of the ('edar, and apply the lands first to the 
cost of that portion of the road, by which it appeai-ed that there being only lands enough to apply 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 415 

to 170 miles of the road, they would become exhausted when they should reach the valley of the 
Des Moines, and the State thereby be deprived of a through road to the Missouri ; and the 
people west of the Des Moines would be compelled to see their own lands taken to build a road 
«ast of the Cedar, to compete with the Chicago, Iowa & Nebraska, which is now in operation 
to Cedar Rapids, on a line ten miles shorter, and fifteen feet lower maximum grade, to the Cedar 
River than the I. C. line. 

If, therefore, the Iowa Central Company could carry out their design, they should not be 
permitted to do so unless they, too, would begin at Cedar Rapids, in connection with the Chicago, 
Iowa & Nebraska road, and extend that better line and better grade through the State; and, even 
under the change of policy, they should be required to cancel their old obligations, stocks and 
bonds, and to come before the Legislature with clean hands and honest faces and ask again the 
confidence of the people. 

The Chicago, Iowa & Nebraska Railroad Company have, in the face of and under the 
shadow of this land grant, built their road during the past three years as an extension of the 
Galena & Chicago Union line, due west from Chicago to Cedar Rapids, and these two strong and well- 
managed companies now turn their attention to this further extension of their line from Cedar 
Rapids to the Missouri, stating in the Convention that they were ready to co-operate with any 
company of honest men who would organize and begin this road at Cedar Rapids, clean from 
debt and uncontaminated with frauds, and with an earnest and honest elFort to build it with 
promptness and economy — that such a company could, with all confidence, look to them or their 
stockholders for such aid and support as was in their power to render. 

These two Eastern companies desired the business of Central Iowa to pass over their roads 
to and from the East, and, to obtain this advantage, they were ready to do their part in prepar- 
ing a basis of progress. 

The wisdom and even necessity of the organization of this new company must therefore be 
Apparent to every intelligent mind. 

We have slumbered too long already in passive acquiescence in the policy and plans of the 
Iowa Central Company ; we must now come together of one accord in defense of our rights and 
interests. We want a great commercial avenue through our State. The Chicago, Iowa & Ne- 
braska have built one-fourth of the distance without Government lands or State aid. Congress 
has recognized our necessities. Let the State now do her part. We, who are the interested 
parties, have organized a company of honest men from amongst ourselves to receive the Government 
lands, as we shall build the road in good faith, and this company will demand of the Legislature their 
■confidence and support, and the people of the counties on or near the 42d parallel should demand 
of every candidate for legislative honors a pledge that he will make the grant of the Government 
lands to the Cedar Rapids & Missouri River Company the object of his most earnest efforts, and 
ithe completion of a railroad, as designed by this company, the object of his deep solicitude. 

G. M. Woodbury, V. P. C. R. ^ M. R. R. Co. 

As the question of transferring the land grant from the Air Line to the new 
company would come up in the Legislature in 1860, the matter was made a 
political one at the election in the Fall of 1859. The " People's Ticket " con- 
tained the name of William Bremner, who was nominated with the express 
understanding that he would favor the transfer, as he honestly and consistently 
•could do. He was opposed by Mr. Boardman. 

The Senator from the Thirty-fourth District was A. M. Pattison, of Marshall 
County, opposed to Mr. Gifford. 

Mr. Bremner's majority was 323 ; Mr. Pattison's was 342. 

The session of the Legislature was an animated one. The lobby was strong 
and active on both sides, and the events of that year were remembered by all 
who were in the least concerned in railroad affairs. Marshall County felt a 
greater interest in the proceedings than is usually the case, because the question 
of abolishing the County Judge system of government was also before the Leg- 
islature. 

The new corporation, which was called the Cedar Rapids & Missouri River 
Railroad Company, did not have undisputed control of the field. When it 
became apparent that the Air Line had not sufficient vitality to resist the attack 
of the C. R. & M. R. Co., it was proposed to save the franchise and local aid 
along the first surveyed line, from Anamosa, Marion, Marietta, etc., to the 
river, by the formation of a new company, to be called the Dubuque, Marion & 
Western Railroad Company. This project received considerable support from 



416 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

the towns that would be left out in the cold by the success of the C. R. & M. R. 
Co. The lobby waxed warm, and the delegations from all parts of the State 
concerned in the matter continued to increase. The Air Line had by this time 
lost the last trace of life, and the struggle was over the distribution of the estate 
of the defunct company. The relative merits of the lines East via Dubu(i[ue 
and Clinton formed the topic of many a newspaper article and public speech at 
this time. 

On the 24th of March, 1860, the bill transferring the land grant to the C. 
R. & M. R. Company passed the Legislature. The bill was approved by the 
Governor and became a law. 

The town of Marshall owes its success in this matter to Mr. Woodbury more 
than to any other individual. He was untiring in his labors to secure the 
passage of the bill, and devoted his whole time to work at the capital that Win- 
ter. The people of this section speak in unanimous praise of his indefatigable 
labor in their interest. 

As an interesting reminiscence of this time, we quote the following editorial 
from the Chicago Press and Tribune of April, 1860. Only eighteen years 
have passed since the article was written in the metropolis of the West, but how 
great has been the development of the Far West since these predictions were 
made : 

The President, Hon. L. B. Crocker, of Oswego ; the Treasvirer, John Weare, Esq., of Cedar 
Rapids, and other gentlemen interested in the Cedar Rapids & Missouri Railroad, are in this 
city, and from them we learn that the land grant recently transferred from the old Iowa Central 
Air Line to this company, is larger than was expected. Within fifteen miles of the line, a large 
amount of lands were pre-empted previous to 1858, which will be forfeited and made available to 
the company. They believe that the lands thus granted and made available for building the road 
will amount to 1,000,000 of acres. The landsare entirely unencumbered, and if properly managed, 
as we have not the least doubt they will be, they are worth more than the road will cost. Re- 
sponsible parties stand ready to build the 230 miles of road, depots, water tanks, etc., for$15,000^ 
per mile. That would amount to |3, 450,000, while the lands can be made to realize at least 
$5,000,000. That certainly will be sufficient to build and equip the road. 

The building of 60 miles of road will carry it through the counties of Benton and Tama, and 
into Marshall. The two last are among the best cultivated and the richest counties in Iowa. Those 
best acquainted with their population and resources believe that they will furnish sufficient 
business to make the road pay. 

We need not argue here the importance of this new road to the Missouri, to our city and to 
the Galena Air Line Railroad. Let any of our readers take a map and they will find it on the- 
direct line to Pike's Peak ; and if it were done to-day, Chicago would command the lion's share of 
the trade in spite of all opposition. We are glad to know that the officers of the Cedar Rapids 
and Galena roads are to have a conference the present week, and it is to be hoped the whole 
matter will be laid before the stockholders of the latter road, and that it will be so carefully dis- 
cussed, that when they come together in .Tune, they will be ready to take hold of this new road 
in right good earnest, and build the line as fast as men and money can do it. We hope also that 
our own capitalists will be willing to do something effective foward the building of this 280 
miles, and thus secure to our city the rich trade of Pike's Peak and the Upper Missouri for all 
time to come. 

Could the money be properly assessed upon our capitalists and business men, Chicago could 
aflFord to build half of the road within the next eighteen months, and make a splendid operation 
by it, if she never received a dollar of interest or principal from the investment. Let any one 
study the map for ten minutes in view of the flourishing communities which must soon be in the 
Platte Valley, and the untold riches of Pike's Peak, and tlie new State soon to beorganized there, 
and, withal, the richness and extent of the valley of the Upper .Missouri, and he will be convinced 
that we have not overstated the importance of this road to the stockholders of the Galena Road. 
and to the trade of Ciiicago. Will our citizens take the time to examine the important subject ? 

At this time began the earnest work of influencing the people to co-operate 
in favor of the road. Meetings were held along the line, and all measure^ 
adopted to overcome the general feeling of distrust caused by the dishonest con- 
duct of the old Air Line Company. Chicago and Eastern capitalists took great 
interest in the project, but the times were not of the best for public measures, 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 41T 

and the experience of the managers of the scheme was far from encouraging. 
Like all other great undertakings, the work progressed slowly. During the 
Summer we notice that the people needed constant exhortation to keep from 
lagging. The exciting campaign of 1860 began, and nothing else was thought 
of Politics ran high and absorbed public attention. 

In October, the Times remarked that the "railroad prospects Avere brighten- 
ing," and urged renewed efforts on the part of the people. Again, on the 10th 
of that month, the Times said : " The subscriptions to the capital stock of the 
C. R. & M. R. Railroad are getting along finely," and advocated subscrip- 
tions in such amounts as could be afforded by the people. It remarked, " Let 
every man and woman bear in mind that whatever is done must be done 
now." 

January 23, 1861, the Times " stops the press " to announce, in large 
type, and with a spread-eagle over the article, the "glorious news" that Maf- 
shalltown has been definitely chosen as the point in this county to be touched 
by the road. " The contract has been let to responsible Eastern men, and will 
be built as fast as men and money can do it. A happy future awaits us. Hip, 
hip, hurrah ! " shouts the gratified editor. 

In 1860, the surveys were made west of Cedar Rapids, and grading was 
done. In 1861, forty miles of iron were laid, taking the track to Chelsea, 
Tama County. The next year, 1862, early in January, the first train ran into 
Marshalltown. There was an intense excitement over the event, and proper 
observance of it was made. Exercises were held in this city, and excur- 
sionists came out from Chicago to join them. Marshalltowners returned the 
compliment by going back with their city friends, and a jolly season was 
passed. 

The work was pushed steadily and persistently west of this city, and was 
completed to Council BluflFs in February, 1867. The last 150 miles of the road 
was graded and the iron laid in 275 days. This rapid work was done in order 
to earn a donation offered by the Union Pacific Railroad Company of $75,000 
provided the road reached the Missouri River by April, 1867. It was com- 
pleted two months before that time, and it was then considered a great feat in 
railroad building. 

This was the first road built across the State to the Missouri River, and a 
large portion of the materials for the construction of the Union Pacific Railroad 
was transported over the line. The principal offices of the company are at 
Cedar Rapids. 

The officers of the company are : Horace Williams, President ; Frederick 
Nickerson, Vice President ; P. E. Hall, Secretary ; D. P. Kimball, Treasurer 
and Register of Stock ; J. Van Deventer, Assistant Treasurer ; George T. 
Crandell, Auditor. 

The capital stock of the company is : Common stock, $6,850,400 ; seven 
per cent, preferred stock, $769,600 ; first mortgage seven per cent, bonds, 
$3,614,000 ; dividends on stock, February and August. 

The Cedar Eapids cf Missouri River Railroad is leased to the Chicago & 
North- Western Road, and in connection with the Chicago, Iowa & Nebraska, 
forms the Iowa Division of the North-Western Road. Steel rails have been laid 
on the whole road, and it is said to be not only the best managed road in the 
State, but it is also claimed that it is the smoothest and best in the West. It 
does a very large passenger and freight business. The management have made 
it popular with the people along the line, and eventually it will be the principal 
east and west road in the State. 



418 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 



THE CENTRAL RAILROAD OF IOWA. 

In January, 1866, Messrs. Piatt Smith, J. K. Graves and C. C. Oilman, 
of Dubuque, and George and William Greene, of Cedar Rapids, incorporated 
under the general laws of the State, the "Eldora Railroad and Coal Com- 
pany," for the purpose of constructing a line of railway from Ackley, a station 
on the Dubuque & Sioux City R. R., 133 miles west of Dubuque, southward to 
Eldora, the county seat of Hardin County, and then supposed to be in the 
center of the Hardin County coal fields. The road was to be seventeen miles 
long. The company was empowered to mine and ship coal, as well as operate 
the railroad to the beds referred to. 

The people of Eldora and Steamboat Rock offered inducements for the 
rapid completion of the work. The right of way and 1,000 acres of coal fields 
were donated to the project. In December, twelve miles of the iron was laid, 
taking the track to Steamboat Rock. Meanwhile, the Sioux City Railroad, 
which encouraged the scheme, had passed into the hands of the Illinois Central 
Railroad, and the latter company impeded the progress of the work by a series 
of petty annoyances. 

The little railroad company began to falter. A large amount of money had 
been put into the enterprise, and the individual credit of its projectors was 
pledged for the ironing and equipment of the line. The road was partly built, 
but the larger road upon which they had depended for support, and which they 
expected to be used as a feeder to, was in the hands of men opposed to the plan. 
At this point, Mr. Gilman, President of the Company, bought out the other 
parties in interest, and completed the remaining five miles to Eldora. Mr. 
Gilman was aided by F. W. H. Sheffield, of Dubuque, A. L. Hatch and H. P. 
Liscomb, of New York. These gentlemen induced Eastern capitalists to exam- 
ine the work, and in 1868, a party of Baltimore gentlemen invested money 
therein. 

It was resolved to extend the line to Marshalltown, then a place of some 
4,000 inhabitants, and there intersect the Chicago & North-Western, which was 
operating the line of the Cedar Rapids & Missouri River Railroad. The new 
plan was at once carried out, under the name of the Iowa River Railway Com- 
pany, and the line extended twenty-nine miles. The corporation was allowed 
to build a road north and south across the State, as near as practicable to the 
16th degree of longitude. Stock to the amount of $30,000, and bonds to the 
amount of ^16,000, per mile were authorized on each completed mile of road. 
The old franchise was sold to the new company. The coal mining rights passed 
to the Eldora Coal Mining Company. 

Mr. Gilman was President ; and Horace Abbott, Thomas Kennett and John 
S. Gilman, of Baltimore; H. P. Liscomb, of New York; H. L. Huff, Wells S. 
Rice, of Marshalltown; H. L. Stout and F. W. H. Sheffield, of Dubuque, con- 
stituted the Directory. Mr. Liscomb died soon after, and Isaac Hyde, Jr., of 
New York, succeeded him. 

Full authority was given the President to build the road to Marshalltown, 
and to negotiate for funds. The people along the line responded nobly to the 
appeals for aid. Marshalltown donated, in various ways, over $60,000; and 
Albion, with but 500 inhabitants, raised over $20,000. The line was located 
through those places in this county, and at once pushed to completion by 
Greene, Rowley & Co., of Cedar Rapids, contractors. 

The Iowa Central Company had already surveyed a line about thirty miles 
east of Marshalltown, and the vigor of the new corporation surprised and 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 419 

pleased it. But little work had been done by the Central at the north end, but 
some sixty miles had been graded south of Oskaloosa, at the southern end. 
The managers of the road had been disappointed in the matter of help, and 
were willing to co-operate with the Iowa River Company. Propositions were 
made and accepted, which led to the formation of a new corporation, called the 
Central Railroad of Iowa, and the union of the two forces. This resulted in 
the completion of the present line of road, which opens up directly and by connec- 
tion with other roads, a vast region of magnificent country, and brings St. 
Paul and St. Louis into close relations. 

The completion of the road was effected to Marshalltown in January, 1870, 
and was the occasion of great rejoicing by the people. 

The history of this railroad, in its alternations of prosperity and pecuniary 
straits, is not properly a subject for consideration here. Having traced the 
rise and progress of the scheme to its successful completion, so far as the con- 
struction of the line to and beyond Marshalltown is concerned, we leave the 
matter for elaboration in other works written for the especial benefit of those 
who are pecuniarily interested in the profits of the business. 

Marshalltown owes, for the accomplishment of this road, a debt of gratitude 
to her esteemed townsman, G. M. Woodbury, whose name is indissolubly asso- 
ciated with all the important measures adopted or proposed by the town. 

OTHER RAILROAD PROJECTS 

have been offered from time to time, but do not form any part of the actual 
history of this county. The plans of speculators or capitalists are not within 
the province of this work, and we therefore refrain from naming any but the roads 
actually operated within the limits of Marshall County. 



FACTS AND INCIDENTS. 

The first party of settlers, after the location of Davidson, consisted of Joseph 
Cooper, David E. Cooper, J. M. Ferguson, John Campbell and Dr. E. B. 
Bush. They reached Timber Creek on the 13th day of March, 1848, and 
there camped for the night. On the morning of the 14th, they concluded to 
examine the country before making claims. They went north past the present 
site of Marshalltown, and reached the river below Marietta. Thence the party 
proceeded up the river, and part of them stayed with Dr. Bush, who had made 
a claim in the northwestern part of the county, as is shown fully elsewhere. 
D. E. Cooper remained overnight with Curtis Dooley, who worked with Joab 
Bennett, parties who settled in that vicinity, but who never became citizens of 
the county, as they remained but a short time. 

On the morning of the 15th, the party went up to the west fork of the Iowa 
River, but found no site that pleased them as well as the original selection on 
Timber Creek. On the 18th of March, these men made claims on the site first 
chosen, by blazing trees and driving stakes. 

The country was green with grass at that early season of the year. In all 
directions the fresh growth of herbage was beautiful to the eye, and the pioneers 
agreed in calling this a lovely region. Game was abundant. 

The party returned to Jasper County, and prepared to return to Marshall 
as soon as possible. By April 1st, the little band came on, and this time W. C. 
Smith, William Springer and J. F. M. Cooper accompanied them. The Coopers 
brought in an ox team, and Smith had a horse team. These were the first 
teams in the county. 



420 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

In 1848-50, the pioneers of Marshall were compelled to go to Oskaloosa for 
their stores. A little trading place was opened in Newton, in 1848-9, but no 
reliance could be placed on it. In 1851-3, the natural channel of trade opened 
up to Iowa City, and continued there until the railroad drew the custom toward 
Cedar Rapids, in 1858-9. 

The milling privileges were very crude in 1849, as has been shown. One 
day, Francis M. Cooper and William Asher took two bushels of corn to the first 
mill built in the county, and concluded to wait for it. They went into the tim- 
ber and hunted for bee trees until 3 o'clock in the afternoon, five hours after 
they handed in their grist, and when they returned there was still half a bushel 
of corn in the hopper. 

The mill on Timber Creek, a year later, was not much better. Charles 
Brennicke, who bought the property in the early '50's, used to make it a rule 
that those who came with grists should work upon the farm while he ground 
the corn. The time given to grinding was so long that there was no profit in 
it. So the men who went to mill had to pay double for the privilege. 

John Haines brought the first threshing machine into the county in 1854. 
He had a monopoly of the business, and literally wore out his machine. He 
charged $6 to set the thresher, or six cents per bushel if more than 100 
bushels were turned out. Farmers used to club together and make one thresh- 
ing of it. 

The first grain or produce bought and shipped was probably in 1854, 
although it was several years later that this trade assumed respectable propor- 
tions. Not until the railroad approached the county, in 1859 or 1860, did the 
farmers realize much for their grain. 

The first corn grown was raised by Davidson, but we were unable to satisfy 
ourself about the first field of wheat. 

In the Fall of 1848, Alvin Adkins, William Campbell, Emanuel Anderson 
and Francis M. Cooper took a fishing trip from the Cooper-Ferguson settlement 
on Timber Creek to the present site of Woodbury's Mill, on the river north of 
Marshall. They stopped on the site of the town and played "seven-up "' for 
their fish, on their way home. The river was alive with all the varieties of 
the finny tribe peculiar to such waters, and the stake played for was a large 
one. 

An incident is related of Thomas Pearson, who located in Bangor Township. 
In the Winter of 1848-49, he attempted to cross the prairie from near the pres- 
ent site of Bangor, on his way to Newton, Jasper County. The snow was veiy 
deep and the weather exceedingly cold. He traveled Indian fashion, on snow 
shoes. He lost his way and wandered desperately on, knowing that there was 
no aid in any direction but by the one he desired to make. If he traveled west 
or north, he went farther and farther away from succor. Fortune favored him, 
for by mere chance he chose the right course. When night came he made a 
huge fire in the edge of a grove, and remained until morning. He was nearly 
frozen to death, but succeeded in reaching Newton before sundown, and thus 
escaped a terrible fate. 

The following is the second list of grand jurors chosen in this county : 
John M. Whitaker, George B. Derbin, Edward Edwards, Isaac Myers, James 
Asher, F. M. Clifton, Green B. S. Ralls, William E. Stout, Thomas S. Brown, 
Riley Meyers, Blakely Brush, Thomas M. Womberly, Hiram Lackey, Mahlon 
Woodward, James Pearson, Wells Titcomb, Richard Westlake, James F. West- 
wood, Ayers H. Elsbury, Lewis H. Ketchum, Allen Steele, Hosea J. Dean, John 
B. Hobbs. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 421 

A story is told of the time of the terrible rain storm, which occurred near 
Albion in 1853 or thereabouts. The bottom lands south of the new village 
were covered with water, and the wind blew frightfully. Judge Hobbs lived 
on the Swearengen farm and had but one neighbor between his house and the 
village. 

That memorable night, at about 3 o'clock, the Judge was awakened by the 
sudden appearance of his neighbor, who burst in through the rain, and deposited 
one of his children on the floor, meanwhile crying lustily for aid, as his family 
were all killed, saving the child he had thus rescued. 

In his haste to aid his friend. Judge Hobbs could not find his clothes, but 
chanced to lay his hand on a short-skirted overcoat, which he speedily donned, 
and in this scant habiliment rushed out into the storm. The man kept ahead 
of the Judge, who could see him staggering onward through the mud and water 
every time a flash of lightning illumined the sky. 

At last, the Judge reached the shanty in which the man had tried to live, 
and found it completely overturned. Not a trace of life was there, and believ- 
ing that the settler's stor;y was. true, the Judge attempted to lift one corner of 
the small cabin. The weight proved to be greater than he could master, and 
in despair the Judge looked about him for the owner of the wreck. Nothing 
could be seen of him. The Judge concluded to go to the village for assistance, 
as that was the nearest place where it could be obtained. Forgetting his undress 
uniform, in his eagerness to perform a good deed, the official representative of 
the county ran to the nearest house. He saw that the storm had worked de- 
struction in many places, but observed a light burning in one of the cabins. To 
that house he made his way and loudly rapped at the door. Before he was 
aware of his situation, he found himself in the midst of nearly all the ladies in 
town, who gazed at him with mingled mortification and amusement. 

The lady of the house had presence of mind enough to bring the astonished 
Judge a pair of pantaloons, in which he hastily incased his judicial limbs, and 
then proceeded to tell his story. 

The sequel shows that the pioneer had also beheld the ruin of his home, and 
had gone to the village for aid. During his absence in notifying the Judge, the 
wife had managed to reach the village, and there the happy couple manifested 
their joy, in the presence of all, by numerous hearty osculatory expressions of 
delight. 

The presence of the ladies in one house is easily accounted for. It thundered, 
and under such circumstances the female mind is a unit. The ladies went out 
in the rain for the express purpose of dying together, if they were obliged to 
die at all. 

An incident is related of the early religious services at Albion that illustrates 
the ([uality of the professional men, and also proves that the rough pioneer 
missionaries were as sound in common sense as they were unpolished in exterior. 

Some time about 1855, a United Brethren minister chanced to stop at 
Albion, and Western courtesy compelled the pastor in charge to invite the traveler 
to preach. The people knew he would bore them, but they were too sensitive 
in their observance of etiquette to ignore his rights. So he was called upon to 
preside over the meeting and the invitation was speedily accepted. 

After a thoroughly uninteresting attempt to tell the people something about 
a subject far beyond his comprehension, the good man paused and noticed the 
looks of disgust on the countenances of his hearers. Leaning over the box — 
for pulpits were a thing unheard of then — the preacher roared out : " My friends, 
preachers is just like apples. In a new country you can't get much fruit. All 



422 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

you can get hold of is crab-apples. But by and by, when the country grows 
older, you will be able to do better. You will be able to give up the crab-apples 
and pick grafted fruit." 

In the Marshall Times, Oct. 27, 1858, we read how an old gentleman, a 
farmer on the north side of the river, missed his horses from their stable some- 
what late at night. If he had reflected a little, and noticed that his boys were 
missing, too, he might not have become so alarmed. However, as it was, he 
immediately suspected horse thieves, and came over to town in hot haste and 
aroused the Vigilance Committee. The President of this organization soon had 
out a force of men, armed to the teeth, and scouring the country in pursuit of 
the thieving scoundrels. But after a few hours, the old gentleman, whose horses 
were missing, came back to town rather crest-fallen, to announce that he had 
discovered that his boys had gone oft" with the horses to a distant part of the 
neighborhood to "chai'ivari" a newly married couple. So the police were 
obliged to return without any prowess. 

In the Times, of the date Dec. 22, 1858, the editor mentions seeing a fine- 
looking specimen of an elk ("if anything so ugly can be called fine-looking") 
pass through the town, being led by a rope around his horns, but evidently a 
very unwilling captive. A child upon the street fled in terror, believing it to 
be the devil. 

The Times, of Oct. 10, 1860, speaks of there having been no frost up to 
that time, and says that "tomato vines are as green as they were in June, and 
the leaves upon the trees are dying of old age. Surely, Iowa is a great 
country." 

In the Fall of 1860, we read of a lyceum which had been organized in 
Marshalltown, and which reflected great credit upon all concerned in it, with 
the one exception of the order, which was not of the best. There was evidently 
a lack of the respect due to the officers of the association, for it is related that 
when, as a finale to a very praiseworthy debate, the Secretary arose to make a 
motion, one of the mischievous members slipped behind him and drew his chair 
away. When he had finished, he did what was expected of him, politely took 
his seat a la bumpe (the editor's French) where his feet should have been. The 
rogues laughed, of course, and there was a general rush for the door. 

Mr. Philip Ballard, who came into Iowa Township in 1859, thus relates his 
experience in getting there : " It was early in the Spring, and when coming 
to the Iowa River, it was found necessary to cross on a piece of ice by laying 
boards from the shore to the ice. In that way the horses were induced to cross 
over ; then the wagon was drawn over by hand, the goods having been removed ; 
then over went the furniture, and finally the wife and little ones. It was a mar- 
vel to every one in the vicinity how we crossed, and without disaster." 

There is a record of former good fishing in Iowa River. We find that in 
the Fall of 1859, Ed. Thorn caught, one day, a pike weighing twenty pounds, 
and the next day another weighing twenty-four and a half pounds. As high 
as seventy pounds a day were taken by a single person with hook and line. 
The average weight of the fish was four and a half pounds. Later, we find a 
record of a pike caught just below the dam at Woodbury's Mill, by Messrs. 
Shutz and ^herwood, which weighed twenty-seven and a half pounds. 

Linn Creek has been the scene of several tragedies. A young lady with 
her father, Mr. Hudson, Avas drowned about two miles west of Marshalltown. 
Miss Hudson attempted to cross on the submerged bridge, but her horse lost his 
foothold upon the planks, and there being no railing, both fell into the water. 
Her father, attracted by her screams, plunged in, but lost his hold upon a 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 423 

bunch of willows to which he clung for support, and being unable to swim, both 
were drowned. At another place, a railroad bridge over this creek was damaged 
by a freshet, and a train was wrecked upon it. The locomotive only passed 
over, the baggage and passenger cars plunging into the water. It was in the 
darkness of the night, but strangely enough, with heated stoves and burning 
lamps and overturned cars, no one was hurt — only the passengers and mails had 
an unwilling bath. A Mr. Algoyee was drowned in this same creek, not far 
from Le Grand highway bridge, while he was in bathing. And about 1860, 
Mrs. Ed. Lockwood and Mrs. H. Nash had a narrow escape from death in the 
same ill-fated waters. The covered wagons of some Pike's Peak travelers 
frightened their horse, which began obstinately backing, and finally overturned 
the buggy with its human freight into the current. It was in March, and the 
water was icy cold, and Mrs. Lockwood struggled to hold up her child, which 
she did, with the aid of willows on the shore, until she was rescued by the emi- 
grants whose wagons had caused the disaster. 

The Times, of Jan. 30, 1861, records an accident which came about from 
rejoicing over the location of the Cedar Rapids & Missouri River Railroad. 
" The boys thought they could not let the event pass without some noise. 
Accordingly, they found the cannon which was cast here last year, and after 
heating it thoroughly to extract the frost, commenced firing. They had fired 
but a few rounds, when the gun burst, throwing the fragments in every direc- 
tion. One piece struck the Marshall House, passed through into a bed room, 
breaking the leg of a bedstead, and finally buried itself in a sack of sugar 
which happened to be in the room. Another piece struck the Court House, 
tearing up the shingles, but doing no particular damage. Another piece struck 
Mr. Getting's house." No one was killed. 

In the Times of March 12, 1862, we learn that there had been no news 
from the outside world since the 1st. It had snowed for a week, and the roads 
were so bad that neither the mails nor the express were able to get through, 
and travel was entirely done away with. 

The same date announces the closing of the first term of the Marshalltown 
Graded Union School with an exhibition, which had a crowded house. 

The Times of April 2, 1862, says : " The Iowa River seems to take on 
about these days as if it was on a bender. The water is up so that it touches 
the bridge at Woodbury's Mill and runs around on the north side of the bridge, 
covering the flats for at least a mile north of the mill. Northeast of town the 
river must have been nearly two miles wide. One family, of the name of Young, 
were obliged to leave their house and seek a place where land was higher. 

" Linn Creek, also, joined in the jubilee, and for two or three days, it more 
resembled the Mississippi than the little insignificant stream it is. At all 
events, it has raised hob with the telegraph poles and buried the wires some 
four feet under water, so that we are now shut out from news either by stage 
power or lightning." 

Thomas J. Wilson, who founded the press of the county, was drowned in 
Linn Creek, while serving as Superintendent of Schools. His business took 
him into the southern part of the county, and while he remained there the waters of 
Linn Creek were greatly swollen by freshet. He attempted to cross on a sub- 
merged bridge on horseback ; the horse was carried from the bridge, and both 
rider and animal were lost. Mr. Wilson was a most estimable man, of fine 
intelligence, and his sudden death caused great sorrow here. 

In the files of the State Centre Enterprise, we read of the Museum belong- 
ing to John King of that place, which contains more than 20,000 specimens of 



424 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

shells, minerals, fossils and curious works of art. Mr. King has been for years 
engaged in collecting curiosities from all parts of the globe. 

This is the way an old lady in State Centre inquired for a lost snuff box : 
" Gentlemen, you haint none on you seen nothin of no snuff box no where 
around here no time to-day, with no snuff in it, haint you? " 

This a very good sample of a Western advei'tiseraent, and we find it in 
the State Centre Enterprise : 

Two plow-men out West were telling touching stories of their exploits in 
breaking up new ground. The linen was taken off the bush by this yarn : 
" 'Twas up in Dixmont, twenty-seven years ago this Spring, I was plowing in 
stump ground with a team of nine pair of cattle, for Sol Cunningham ; we were 
going along, makin' not very smooth work among rocks and stumps. Well, 
one day the pint o' the plow struck fair agin a stump four feet through, split it 
square across the heart, and I was follerin' the plow through when the thought 
flashed through my mind that the pesky stump might snap together and pinch 
my toes. So, I just gripped the plow-handles firm and swung my feet out o' 
the way and the stump sprang back and catched the slack of my pantaloons. 
That brought every thing up stannin'. Well, I tightened my hold, and Jim 
Swithin, he and Sol was drivin', they spoke to the cattle, and we snaked that 
stump out by the roots — and it had awful long ones ! " 

"It must 'a been strainin' on your clothes," said the other. 

" Wal, yes it was ; but I got the material at F. G. Tummel's, and it stood 
the test." 

When Mr. Woodbury first came to Marshalltown, the house he lived in had 
but two rooms, and as there was no lumber or shingles to be got, he put on a 
a cloth roof. Mr. Pratt, coming into the town and having no house, it was 
arranged that his family should occupy one of these rooms, which made the 
accommodations of either family not very spacious. Provisions were not very 
plenty, as the demand was greater than the supply, and when a speculating 
farmer from outside brought in a lo;id of slaughtered hogs, Mr. Woodbury 
bought there. It was not quite as bad as to have a present of a white elephant ; 
but still the quandary what to do with them was a puzzling question — no cellar, 
no woodshed, no barn. Finally, Mrs. Woodbury suggested an old joiner's 
bench that stood out of doors, and so there they were stored, covered with the 
wagon sheet — a part of every pioneer's property. Often in the Winter, the 
wolves would crave a nibble, and come prowling around, notwithstanding a 
deadly old musket that Frederick and John Woodbury, the sons, kept standing 
by their bed post. When meat was wanted, they had only to go out and hack 
off the desired quantity with an ax. When Mr. Woodbury built his grist-mill 
just north of Marshalltown, it was the first and a great blessing to the settlers, who 
otherwise would have been obliged to go to Cedar Rapids or Oskaloosa to mill 
over the then appalling roads. If a "grist" could not be got, then boiled corn 
had to be useii for bread. Mr. Woodbury afterward built mills at Xenia and 
Alden on the Iowa River, and sold flour to grocers and others "on tick," sup- 
plying the whole northwestern part of the State for some years. On one of his 
rounds for collection of these flour bills, his wife went with him. They were in 
AVright County, and came upon a slough, which looked dubious, but which Mr. 
W. decided might be undertaken with safety. He had a single horse and 
buggy, and after proceeding a little way, down went both into the mud and 
water. After some effort, Mr. W. succeeded in getting the horse unharnessed, 
and in getting him out in the right dii-ection. Next, the baggage was safely 
landed on the other side. Mr. W. had removed his coat and boots, and was by 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 425 

this time in good working condition, but how to get his wife across I Finally, 
after much coaxing, she was carried over, papoose fashion, upon his shoulders, 
and then, to crown the work, he placed himself between the shafts and pulled 
the buggy out in triumph. At this juncture, however, a Turkish bath would 
have been very acceptable. 

The first 4th of July celebrated in Marshalltown was in 1853 ; the point of 
•celebration, the public square. There was a large bower built of green branches, 
with a flag waving gayly at the top. Tables were spread with unstinted abun- 
dance. Mr. Atwater, the young lawyer of Marietta, delivered the oration, and 
the singing class of Mr. Ohilds gave " Hail Columbia." Dr. Bissell was 
Marshal, and at one time when he called for cheers, an old lady shoved a 
young girl out of a chair, very unceremoniously, with : " Git up ; hain't ye no 
manners ? Don't you hear 'em call for cheers ? " 

Everybody had worked to make it a success, and it is related that old Mrs. 
Rice trimmed cake for the occasion, and that Mrs. Straight filled a clothes 
basket with goodies for the tables. 

The first funeral in Marshalltown was that of a little daughter of Mr. Silas 
Chorm, on the 10th of August, 1853. The burial took place without any 
ceremony whatever, as there was not a professing Christian in the neighbor- 
hood. A month later, a little seven-year-old sister of this child was buried in 
the same simple manner, under the wild asters at the corner of Jack Braddy's 
farm. At this funeral, Mrs. John Smith, mother of Mrs. Ralls, remarked that 
she could not rest easy if thus buried, but in the January following, she was 
interred in the same way. 

The first distillery in Marshalltown was built by a man named Haynes, in 
.1854, and was conducted on a very primitive plan. His receivers were dug- 
out troughs of wood, and trappers would take a bag of corn and a jug, empty 
the corn into a heap, and fill ^he jug from the trough, without any graduating 
scale or measure. Such a plan would be a poor business for a distiller in these 
days. 

On the 4th of July, 1855, there was a celebration at the town of La Fayette. 
The multitude assembled in the public square ; Mr. Sawyer was Chief Marshal 
of the Day, and Dr. Hixon read the Declaration of Independence and delivered 
the oration. Dr. Whealan was to have filled the latter office, but a slight injury 
prevented. 

The prairie in the western portion of Jefferson has been noted for hunting 
parties. There is a tradition of 708 chickens being killed in one day by a 
party who went to the head of Timber Creek. Mr. George Wills with a party 
of five went one day beyond Power's Grove, and killed 311 chickens, returning 
at night with a wagon loaded down with game. Sportsmen from all parts of 
the country, as well as from England came out here to enjoy the fine shooting. 

In the Fall of 1855, Mr. Rice started up two deer near Linn Creek, and 
turning them westward, they galloped down Marshalltown Main street, leaving 
the prints of the their feet where is now the constant roll of traffic. 

The west half of Washington and Jefferson Townships were prairie uplands, 
with only now and then a farm to break the monotony. It was a fine sweep for 
a fire, and one time Mr. Manwaring Avas aroused by a crackling and roaring, 
and looked out in time to see his haystacks in a blaze, with danger to his house 
and stable. All hands were set to work to carry water, and finally, with the 
help of wet blankets and carpets, they saved a part of the hay and buildings. 
And one night Mr. Gotham was awakened by the light of a coming fire, and 
getting up, he succeeded in plowing a furrow around his buildings ; but a hen- 



426 HiaxoRY OF Marshall county. 

coop and its inhabitants were badly singed, the latter appearing in the morning 
without tail-feathers or wings. Many tons 'of hay a year were lost from fires 
carelessly lit by the pipe of a passing hunter, or by the mischief of boys. 

Mr. G. W. Voorhees, an early settler in Marion, lived near Mr. Holcomb, 
and having a neighborly regard for him, sent him one day a watermelon by 
" Jeflf." This melon, which was regarded as a great delicacy, tempted "Jeff" 
to the degree, that he, with the help of a young comrade, ate it up instead of 
delivering it, which was a standing joke against him for many a day. 

In ^'ienna, on the occasion of the wedding of Mrs. Bradbury's daughter, 
which was the largest festival of the kind that had been held in the the town- 
ship, a careless boy on the farm set a straAV stack on fire, Avhich caught the barn 
and burned it with other valuables. It was a heavy loss, but the neighbors 
lightened it as far as lay in their power. 

Mr. Ilummaleau was an early settler in Albion, and, though wasted by long 
disease, took special delight in putting out trees. Some one asked him. not 
long before his death, why he continued to plant so many ornamental trees, and 
he replied : " Some weary body will love to sit under their shade when I am 
gone." 

At the time of the Marietta and Marshalltown war, every device was resorted 
to by either place to put the other at a disadvantage. As a specimen of the 
ridicule used to influence public sentiment, the Iowa Central Journal, the 
Marshalltown organ, announced : "A Frenchman lately from Paris is negotiating 
for the purchase of the public square in Marietta to raise frogs for that market." 
On another occasion, a gentleman of the name of Crookham, an extensive prop- 
erty holder in Marietta, was in Marshalltown on business. It was arranged 
by a few of the mischievous ones of the latter place to badger him a little. So, 
calling some stranger within his hearing, up to where a group of them were stand- 
ing, they told him that a man was actually drowned in the public s<i[uare of 
Marietta only a week before ! Nothing could equal Crookham's disgust at sujh 
broad fibbing, and he was glad to get back to his own much-abused town. 

When Judge McFarland was on the bench, a ludicrous scene occurred in 
Court one day. A young lawyer from Burlington, of the name of Wood, was 
facetiously termed "Old Timber" by the profession. At this court he was in 
the midst of a fine rhetorical display in submitting his case to the jury, when 
the head of an immense donkey thrust itself through the door and interrupted 
his eloquence with a sonorous bray. McFarland cried out : " Hold on. Old 
Timber, one at a time sir, one at a time ! " Is it to be wondered that " Old 
Timber " was so confused as to lose his case ? 

In the State Centre Enterprise, June 21, 1872, we find the following 
declaration : 

" We the undersigned merchants of State Centre, Iowa, never having taken 
a general holiday, do hereby and hereon notify the public, that the undermen- 
tioned firms will not open their stores and offices on the 4th of July, 1872. 

V. J. Shipman, etc., etc. 

It seems that when these energetic people played, they did it in earnest, 
just as when they worked they did it with all their might, as the results testify. 

The following anecdote of Judge McFarland first appeared in the Des 
Moines Register: Some years ago, Judge McFarland, the hairy man of the 
West, as the Cincinnati Convention dubbed him, used to be a "power" up in the 
High Boone and the adjacent counties, wherein he dispensed justice — or rather 
dispensed with it. During the time he thus adorned the bench, the late Gen. 
Sam. A. Rice happened to have a "case" in one of bis courts, of which he 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 427 

used to relate the following : The morning upon which the Court was to hear 
and decide motions, "she" scarcely "understood herself," from the fact of 
"her" bibulous practices the preceding evening, and, indeed, until the "wee 
sma' hours beyant the twal." In short, the Court was in a very obfuscated and 
muddled condition, and decidedly cross-grained. One attorney after another 
had submitted motions, all of which his Honor summarily overruled, without a 
moment of thought or investigation. At length Gen. Rice's turn came, when 
he arose and quietly remarked that "he had a little motion to submit, which 
however, was of no particular moment — merely to ' save a point ' — and that as 
his Honor was overruling everything that morning, he couldn't expect an ex- 
ception to be made in his case, and would therefore consider his motion in the 
same category." While he was repeating something about the unimportance 
of the case, etc., the Court leaned forward, extended "her" right hand and 
shaking "her" long forefinger in the face of the speaker, decided the motion 
in the following terse and vigorous style : "No you don't, Sammy ! No you 
do7it, Sammy ! This hon'ble Court has keerfully investigated that ere pint, 
and your motion is sustained I " It happening that the motion covered the 
entire case, of course "Sammy" won. 

Among the various kinds of wit — such as mother wit, Irish and French wit 
— there is room for still another division which might be called "pioneer wit." 
The face to face contact with Nature, which the settler in a new country always 
enjoys, gives a fresh-air kind of strength to his faculties, both of body and 
mind, and his humor seems to partake of the clear, open, direct character of 
everything about him. It is in fact "mother wit" nurtured under the same sky 
that ripens his crops, and grows into something as huge and strong as his own 
vegetables and grain. The Frenchman's wit is like his smile, volatile, inces- 
sent, impalpable, except to an oversharpened sensibility ; the Irishman's is the 
ready- make shift of one who has to do the best he can with bad circumstances, 
and who from good-natured indolence finds it more comfortable to parry fate 
with a blundering thrust, than to stand up and face oids with either strength or 
skill ; but the true pioneer neither polishes nor evades ; he gives his blows with 
the vigor of a mind that has met hardships in many forms, and yet has not been 
made afraid. 

INCIDENTS OF PIONEER WOMEN. 

In such history as we have of pioneer efforts, great stress is laid upon the 
courage of purpose and of action, as well as the extreme physical endurance, 
required in men who devote their lives to the venture of compelling nature's 
wilderness to blossom as the rose. There is little danger of too great credit 
being given them ; and yet, there are others who deserve, even more than they, 
our respect and praise, and to whom even reverence may justly be added ; and that 
is the pioneer women. As it is more in man's nature to combat and conquer, 
so it is more in woman's to submit and endure. And as he who fights and 
wins deserves the victor's reward, so she who suffers and bears should have 
her crown ; oftener than any other way, however, it proves the martyr's crown. 

If the history of all public effort is of interest, then why not the detail of 
the daily life — the struggle with privation, the close planning to get the desired 
results from very inadequate means, the overtaxed strength, the heart-ache of 
homesickness, and the still bitterer strife with prolonged sickness in the family 
and even with death ? This was essentially the woman's part ; and so we pur- 
pose to devote a little space to the experiences of the Marshall County women, 
apart from the general and mutual trials. 



428 HISTORY Oh MARSHALL CuUNTY. 

There are sometimes heavy shadows in the picture, but these are relieved 
by pleasant lights, and by many a touch of bright color. The pioneer wife and 
mother is not a gloomy object, for her life was too active a one to admit of any 
long-continued melancholy. It is true that there was never absent the sense of 
being in a strange land, and this feeling has, during all time, been recognized 
as a very trying one. We read that the daughters of Israel wept when they 
remembered Zion, and the settler's wife felt a pang when she remembered, per- 
haps, some far-away New England village, with its sacred Sabbath and its church 
liells, with its schools, and its many familiar firesides surrounded by long-tried 
friends. 

Yet, in the new country there was much to do. There were the kindly 
acts for those who were in need ; the healthful occupation of domestic work, 
which was often a sovereign cure for loneliness : the cheer and pride of being 
able to do so much with so little — all these phases lightened care and helped to 
make life easy. Then there were the gala neighborly evenings, when a guest 
was sure to be welcome, and the intercourse was genial and friendly without 
reference to rank or station. 

We could hardly understand, now that ease and comfort are so universal, 
what the household life was in that early period, but for the fact that it is within 
the memory of not very old people, and we get the story direct from the lips of 
those who shared that life. Personal denials had to be made, refinement of 
taste held in abeyance, accomplishments forsworn — all until the great Jugger- 
naut of work could be appeased. 

Idleness was not the part of any. The word " Iowa," in one Indian 
dialect, is said to mean "drowsy." It must be that the State was christened 
in the Indian Summer, which season covers its fair face with a blanket of smoke, 
and hushes it to its Winter sleep with softened sunshine and the repose of 
gathered harvests. It surely could not have been named for any woman within 
its borders ; for if it had been, the Indian for "energy," or "'resolution," or 
"industry" would have been chosen. 

Who could be idle living in a rail pen with a slough-grass roof, as Mrs. 
Hoffman did in Marshalltown ? When it rained, she was obliged to go about 
her mansion with an umbrella, for, as one would naturally infer, the roof was 
leaky. But woman of fine instincts she was, for she had a parlor, notwith- 
standing the primitive condition of things generally. The parlor was the 
family carriage with the curtains taken off. And, living in this way, five mem- 
bers of her family had typhoid fever from exposure. That certainly must have 
tried the fiber of any woman's spirit. 

It involved more labor then than now to cook a meal. A "chunk" fire 
out-of- doors had to answer the purpose of our elaborate kitchen ranges, and 
complete little oil stoves, which do the culinary work of the family from only 
lighting a lamp. Mrs. Wm. Ralls cooked the food for her family and guests 
over one of these fires. Their house was a mere cabin, with a loft for a cham- 
ber, which loft was reached by a pole ladder. ( )n one occasion when Mr. 
Eastman, afterward Lieut. Governor, was a visitor, he had to swing himself 
above the heads of the family as he went to retire for the night. After he 
reached his perch he looked down at the crude cradle made of oak shakes, in 
which the baby was sleeping, and said gayly, " That looks like the running-gear 
of a whip-poor-will's nest ! " 

What "pernickety" housekeeper, as the Scotch say, would be willing to 
live as did Mrs. S. N. Knode, of Le Grand, whose house was a hut without 
door or chimney, and where the smoke had to find its way out as best it could 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 4:^9 

through the logs ? This cabin was sixteen feet scjuare, and to her own family 
were added others more homeless than herself, making in all thirty-six persons. 
Besides this, she must graciously entertain whatever travelers wanted a shelter, 
and one night, four more were added to the thirty-six ; this " Arab hospitality " 
making so close a sandwich of them all that it was doubtful if each could have 
a separate " puncheon '" for a bed. Now, a puncheon carpet consisted of logs 
split in two, and laid with the flat side up. Supposing the housewife a Quaker, 
or a descendant of the Puritans, or of good Holland Dutch blood, as the Knode 
name implies, how was she to scour and sand that ? Must not her sense of 
cleanliness have endured constant torture ? 

There could have been little cleaning of windows then. Mr. Henry An- 
son's cabin was the first one in Marshall that was sufiiciently ornate in style to 
require any such superfluous arrangements, and the first lumber that was ever 
sawed in the county was wrought into them. 

It is said that the settlers, being mostly from heavily wooded countries, 
usually selected their building sites in the timber ; and that they thought it 
very foolhardy in Mr. Anson to choose for his dwelling-place a spot on the open 
prairie, nearly half a mile from trees. They said of him : " A Yankee has set- 
tled out on the prairie, with three windows in his house, and will freeze to death." 

Indeed, it was generally conceded that windows were a superfluity, and a 
quilt did very well for a door. Mrs. Anson certainly had something to do 
which her neighbors did not — she had to wash windows. 

However hospitable the lady of the house may be, there must now and then 
be an unwelcome visitor. Mrs. Rice tells how a lady of her acquaintance, who 
had been on a neighborly visit to a friend, returned to find she had left her 
door ajar — or if her door was a quilt, as we have seen was often the case, it had 
been disturbed. The woods near at hand were infested with hogs of a pecul- 
iar breed, called " prairie sharks." These animals — now, happily, quite extinct 
— had very long noses and legs, and were fearfully gaunt and starved-looking. 
Upon entering her house, she saw, standing upon his tall hind legs, in front of 
her cupboard, a huge "prairie shark," eating bread and butter from a shelf. 

But hogs were not the worst intruders. Rattlesnakes were the terror of 
the timid, and Mrs. Washington Asher, living near the creek that bears their 
name — famous for its beautiful ice in Winter, and its purple grapes in Summer 
— used to set the chairs all in a row, on the dirt floor of her cabin, to walk on 
in the night, in case she had to get up to light a candle. The little folks used 
to creep slyly past the cracks in the puncheon floors, for fear of the reptiles. 

One day, Mrs. Rice returned home to find, coiled up as comfortably as a 
kitten, on the doorstep, a nice, large rattler. She did not wait to hear him purr, 
however, but dispatched him with a spade. 

These incidents may rank as trifles among the trials of a new country, but 
nobody but a woman knows how afraid a woman is of a snake. 

This was also the ''age of wolves." Mrs. Holcomb, who came in 1856, 
and who was afterward noted for her splendid dairy, had no cellar in which to 
store supplies. The custom was to suspend their smoked hams and shoulders 
from the eaves of the cabin, outside, and the wolves practiced light gymnastics 
there in rows, leaping up to reach the coveted plunder. 

The dainty lady who feels justified in screaming at a mouse or a spider, can 
draw her own conclusions as to whether Mrs. Holcomb had any reason to feel 
" nervous." 

It was not alone the living in a new country that tried women's souls, but 
it was often the getting there. A foretaste of hardship was to be had from the 



430 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

time of the launching out in the prairie schooner until the voyage was done. 
One man, Mr. Jonathan Reed, of Ohio, left his wife and children, one .day, 
three miles from any neighbor, out on the sea of brown grass, in Green Castle 
Township, to fetch flour from a distant point. When he went away, they were 
sewing a tent cover, certain to have a shelter ready before night. But, after hard 
stitching and after the tent pins were driven into the ground, Mrs. Reed found 
that her unskilled hands could not make the cover fit. She and the children 
spent a night in the open wagon on the prairie ; and, as the boys could not suc- 
ceed in building a turf house, though they tried to, they were forced to retrace 
their step.s to a point they had passed where there was a smoke-house. This 
belonged to Mr. Hilsabeck. In this they lived a week until Mr. Reed could 
return, and, after his return, about three weeks longer, until he could get a hut 
in readiness for the Winter. 

Yet, with so many discomforts, good digestion seemed to wait on appetite, 
and a merry-making now and then, at which a gingham dress was considered 
putting on airs, was not unusual. The bracing, healthy air cured the dyspeptic, 
and it was commoner after a good, square meal to speak of eating instead of 
kissing the cook. Mrs. Perrigo, of Albion, who, besides her calico dress and 
sun-bonnet, once wore cotton gloves to an afternoon tea party, was quite sharply 
commented upon by her friends. By the way, the Perrigoes rented the first 
trame house built in Albion, and Mrs. P. was accustomed relate how they moved 
into it when the roof was shingled only at one corner, and she could lie awake 
and watch the stars as they moved in their silent orbits along the night. 

So it will be seen that as long as the ladies could have a tea-drinking now 
and then, and could there discuss their neighbors' clothes, they Avere not wholly 
restricted and deprived. And we even get glimpses of heart-burnings and 
envy sometimes, on these occasions, which would do credit to our own day. At 
a ({uilting at Mr. Sylvanus Rice's hotel, where all the ladies in town were 
assembled, Mrs. Calvin Straight wore a pretty black and white gingham dress, 
which greatly grieved a less fortunate sister, because it ''shamed her calico." 

A blackberry hunt was the occasion of a comical mishap to Mrs. Willigrod, 
of Marshall. She and Mrs. Bissel and a few others started out one day with a 
team on a little excursion, with Mr. Pratt as driver. They were going for the 
blackberries on the other side of the river. Mrs. Willigrod put on a pair of her 
husband's boots as a safeguard against snakes. On arriving at the river, they 
all seated themselves in a canoe, Mrs. Willigrod in the stern. In crossing the 
stream, they amused themselves with laughing and singing, and the rest splashed 
water upon Mrs. W., she retaliating in kind as best she could. But as the 
boat touched the opposite bank, she felt an irresistible desire to have the last 
spatter — .supposably from the same instinct that prompts a woman to have the 
last word — and she rose in the boat to give tliem a final baptism. As she did 
so. she fell back into the river, boots and all. It was very funny, but came 
near being very serious, for she sank twice before the stupefied Mr. Pratt could 
rescue her. The wetting satisfied the party for that trip, and they returned 
without waiting for the blackberries. 

At Mr. Robinson's, in Timber Creek, they had a quilting, the gentlemen 
being invited with the ladies. The dinner pot was boiled out-of-doors over a 
chunk fire, and tlie guests, excepting the (juilters, sat on the wood pile and 
other rude seats outside, to wait until the feast should be served. This con- 
sisted of boiled ham, corn bread, good coffee and wild fruit ; and, after supper, 
they shook the quilt over the prettiest girl, who blushed scarlet. She is now a 
wife and the mother of seven bovs. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 431 

Dr. Whealan's family, of Marietta, lived with good cheer in a house mostly 
furnished by the work of his own hands. They had three-legged stools, splint- 
l30ttomed chairs, a shoe box for a cradle, and a dry goods box for a buffet. If 
the reader does not know what a buifet is, we will explain that in those days it 
was a cupboard where a tidy soul could not only store all her dishes, but could 
also find a corner for her fine-tooth comb and bottle of hair oil — two very essen- 
tial things in arranging a coiffure then, when such frizzes as are worn to-day 
would have suggested Bedlam. Well, Mrs. Whealan's dry goods box made a 
very comfortable buffet. And otherwise she had the ingenuity of a truly 
hospitable woman. She entertained twenty-two persons in her cabin for a 
while; but in order to do it, at night the cradle, chairs and table were set out-of- 
Joors to make room for the beds on the floor. Partitions were improvised from 
overcoats and dresses, and amiability must surely have ruled where the comfort 
-of others was the aim sought, at so much personal inconvenience. At this time, 
there was a great scarcity of milk and butter, owing to the fact that the cows 
were not properly cared for. For months, the Whealans were without, and Mrs. 
Whealan, writing to a friend in Ohio, said: " The cows in Iowa do not give milk, 
•for I have tried all belonging to the neighbors, and they were dry." 

Women felt then, as now, as if they had some rights, and they were by no 
means slow in asserting them. In Le Grand, in 1856, a saloon was opened, 
which so aroused the indignation of the ladies that they determined to shut it 
up. A party of nine sallied out on the mission, and though Mrs. Hiram Ham- 
mond confessed afterward that she " made very awkward Avork in handling the 
ax on the barrel heads," yet they seem to have accomplished what they under- 
took. The next day, Samuel Hoffman (a bachelor, as ironical fate would have 
it), set out to capture the fearless nine, to bring them to justice. Some had 
gone to Tama on a visit ; others were out of sight in cellars and stables ; and 
it is said that Hoffman swore it was the hai'dest day's work he ever did, trying 
to capture those girls. Finally, it fell through by default, and the women were 
-victorious, upheld, too, by an overwhelming public sentiment. 

In other ways they testified their ability to do men's work, or better. Mrs. 
Myers, of Washington Township, hired help to do the housework, and with a 
bloomer dress made of bedticking, hauled wood, drove a reaper or sulky plow, 
and was one of the best managers in the county. She was known to go to 
Iowa City for a load of lumber, accompanied only by her little boy, camping 
out, boiling her tea-kettle by the roadside, and taking care of the team herself. 

When the Starrys came into this same township, the daughter, Mary, 
walked nearly all the way and drove the cows before her. It was well that 
they had flour for a year's use, for it was one hundred miles to the nearest mill. 

Courtship and marriage are, by far, the rnost entertaining and important 
themes to women, and a wedding was an occasion of the greatest jovialty and 
merry-making to these Western dames, in their very practical and working-day 
life. 

Miss Ballard was the first bride in Iowa Township, and was married in the 
Spring of 1850. We may state, en passmit — for it is of no material impor- 
tance — that the groom's name was Almarion Gear, and that Andrew Jackson 
Smith was the Justice Avho performed the ceremony. The quaint license is still 
to be seen among the county papers. 

The wedding was a jollification in which they carried the fun to the limit of 
tucking the bride snugly up in bed, and laughing at her discomfiture. A boun- 
tiful supper is remembered as not the least pleasant feature of the affair. Per- 
haps they had pounded or cracked corn for refreshments (we can only suppose, 



432 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

since what they did have is not on record), which always served to provoke a 
good deal of merry rivalry as to whose teeth were the strongest in crushing the 
tough kernels ; or perhaps they had crab-apples stewed in sorghum syrup — 
another delicacy, which had two merits : the sorghum had of itself such a pow- 
erful flavor that it quite deadened the pucker of the apples, and the apples were 
so fearfully sour and astringent that they went a long way toward neutralizing 
the sorghum. At any rate, whether these were a part of the menu or not, we 
do know that all had a good time. 

The difficulties that lay in the way of courtship then, as always, were disre- 
garded. 

At one time, Mr. Greer, a widower, of Timber Creek, went to Jack Brad- 
dy's to pay his addresses to a young lady who lived there. It was only eight 
miles away, and it is supposable that the wings of Cupid helped the swain along, 
for the distance was as nothing. 

When he got there, being in some doubt as to the state of his inamorata's 
feelings, he whispered to Jack Braddy, "Do you suppose she'll set ? '' — mean- 
ing that if she would net with him he could feel certain of being looked upon 
with favor. 

But with the sound of feasting comes also the voice of mourning. In the 
year 1855, a family of the name of Hoppin settled in Jefferson Township.. 
The husband had been a dry goods clerk in New Jersey, and the wife had seen 
better days, and there were two little children. He had only $500, and was 
wholly inexperienced in pioneer living. But seeing the beautiful prairie, it 
looked an easy task to make it yield forth its abundance. So he bought an un- 
fenced claim, a cabin, a cow, and a yoke of oxen, and began. 

The first year, his crop was a little corn, a few pumpkins and perhaps a 
peck of garden beans. The cold Winter of '56-57 came on, and he was taken 
down with typhoid fever, and died without medical attendance. Soon after, the 
cattle died, and this brave woman and her two children lived alone all that ter- 
rible Winter. There was nothing to buy ; and had there been, she had no 
money. She wore her husband's boots and coats, got all their fuel, dug snow- 
drifts, lived on parched corn for bread, and did not see a cup of tea or coffee 
for eighteen months. 

Still she clung to the farm, and the next year she raised a good crop, with- 
out a fence, the neighbors lending a team. In six years she sold the farm for 
$1,800, and, with the proceeds of the year's produce, went back to her old 
home. 

It is supposable that she knew more about farming than the Baltimore lady 
did, who, in Marshalltown, took her hoe and went out into the garden to. get 
some cucumbers. She returned to the house and reported that she coidd not 
find any, for she had dug up three hills and not one could she discover. She 
supposed that tliey grew like potatoes. 

A further instance of pluck, though not under such sad circumstances as 
Mrs. Hoppin 's, was shown by the Marshalltown ladies of the Bell Society. 
They were accustomed to meet afternoons in each other's parlors, and their ob- 
ject was to procure a bell. One of their rules was that any lady who had upon 
her supper table more than one kind of cake or fruit should pay a fine of $5. 

Well, one day, in discussing matters of interest, as ladies will, Mrs. Lacey 
read an essay on the prospects of their growing young city. She avowed the 
purpose of the ladies to help finish the Court House in time for the election — 
that is, they would use hammer and nails, planes and saws upon the temple of 
Justice. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 483 

Mr, Woodbury took them at their word, and ordered them out the next 
Monday, to take their places with the volunteer workmen. But any man of 
sagacity should have known that Monday is washing day in all thrifty commu- 
nities. The consequence was, but few responded to the order. But they made 
up for it later, when the public square was to be fenced, for they inclosed three 
sides of it, buying all the lumber, nails, etc., themselves. 



STATISTICAL. 

It is interesting to compare this county with others of the State, in the 
matter of acquired knowledge. In a population of 19,629, there are but eighty 
persons over 16 years of age, of both sexes, who cannot read. There were 25 
persons between the ages 16 and 21, of both sexes; 25 additional males over 21 
years of age, and 30 females over 21, who were unable to read. 

There were 653 children born in 1874 (the last State census), and 215 
deaths. The healthfulness of this climate is beyond question or dispute. 



POST OFFICES. 

The post offices of the county are: Marshalltown, State Center, Albion, 
Gilman, Dillon, Liscomb, Laurel, Timber Creek, Edenville, Lamoille, Quarry^ 
Le Grand, Green Mountain, Marietta, Minerva, Bevins' Grove, Illinois Grove,^ 
Stanford, Bangor and Vienna. 

THE PRESS. 

The newspapers of Marshall County have always wielded a powerful influ- 
ence. From the date of the establishment of the first paper up to the present 
time, there has been a tone of vigor about the press that has commanded a wide 
following. To-day the newspapers of Marshalltown rank high in the States 
and are managed by men of responsibility, experience and weight. 

Wherever we go, in the work of preserving records, we find the early press 
one of the most valuable -aids in the prosecution of our task ; but we have 
never found more emphatic exponents of the sentiment of the people than here 
in Marshall County. 

During the long years which covered the county seat contest period, the 
opposing factions were ably represented by newspapers of far more than ordi- 
nary power. The circumstances demanded papers of Aveight, and the demand 
was met in full degree. The development of the press in most counties is not 
stimulated as it was in this. Here the great question of the location of the 
seat of justice permeated all things, governed all things, and finally settled all 
things. Which ever way we turn, we encounter the evidences of the struggle. 
as clearly as we can determine the geologic eras by the records of the rocks. 
Men were made rich or poor by it ; towns were increased or diminished by it ; 
business was controlled by it. Newspapers, like all other public institutions, 
found their fate hanging upon the issue thereof, and fought for mastery with 
the determination of desperate beings. 

The introduction of newspapers into civilized communities is always at an 
early date, nowadays. This county is so young as to be properly classed 
among the modern organizations, in the matter of papers as well as many other 



434 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY." 

refining institutions. We find that the people were but comfortably located 
upon their farms and in the little hamlets before a cry was raised for a county 
organ. 

In the Fall of 1855, but six years after the organization of the county, a 
company was formed at Comanche, on the Mississippi River, for the purpose of 
jiublishing a paper at La Fayette, now Albion, in Marshall County. The selec- 
tion of La Fayette, instead of the county seat. Marietta, was doubtless deter- 
mined upon because of the preference manifested by the editor that was to be, for 
that little village as a place of residence, and possibly with an eye to the avoid- 
ance of open partisanism in the county seat question, then looming up omi- 
nously. It may be that the projectors of the plan hoped to gain patronage from 
both parties, and prevent any overt demonstrations of hostility to the hazardous 
scheme. The company consisted of J. W. Tripp, Thomas J. Wilson, H. C. 
Knapp, A. L. Dunn and Orson Robert. Mr. Tripp had fully decided upon 
the village of La Fayette as his future home, and regarded the introduction of 
-a newspaper there as the surest way of improving the place. 

Mr. Wilson was chosen as the editor, and in November, 1855, after the 
press and furniture of the office had been transported to the village by 
means of ox teams, the Central Journal made its first appearance. It was a very 
creditable sheet, but the genius of a Greeley could not create business patronage 
in a town where it did not exist. Mr. Tripp did not find the investment very 
profitable, and in the Spring of 1856, he sold his share in the office to Ellis 
Weaver. S. W. Griffin purchased a small interest in the concern. The busi- 
ness of the first year was discouragingly small, and utter abandonment of the 
project was talked of. It was also proposed to remove the paper to Marshall. 
At this period in the life of the journalistic infant, Mr. E. N. Chapin visited 
La Fayette. He saw the possibilities that opened up in the dim future. He 
bought the company out, paying $800 in gold for the newspaper concern. 

Mr. Chapin associated with himself Mr. R, H. Barnhart, under the firm 
name of Chapin & Barnhart, and began the publication of the loiva Central 
Journal. The first issue appeared December 31, 1856. The paper was the 
only one within a 100 miles radius (with possibly one exception, a paper at El- 
dora). and was conducted in a manner satisfactory to the people. 

One year after the publication of the Journal^ under its new management, 
A. J. High and A. J. Kinney introduced the Marietta Express., sending out 
the first number December 17, 1857. The new paper was, as might be ex- 
j^ected, a champion of Marietta as the county seat. These rival papers began 
ro wage war after the fashion of western editors. 

In February, 1858, Mr. Chapin leased his interest in the Journal to his 
[tartner, and engaged in other business. The probable removal of the county 
seat to Marshall induced Mr. Barnhart to remove the office to that place, where, 
on the 13th day of October. 1858, the first paper was issued from a Marshall 
office. The name of the paper was changed to The Marshall County Times. 
The Times was Republican in politics, and promised to observe the require- 
ments of a county newspaper, without being a •' tool " or an " organ." H. C. 
Henderson and R. Howe Taylor were editors. Mr. Barnhart soon purchased 
Mr. Chapin's interest, and became sole proprietor. 

We have associated the Marietta Express and the Journal and Times with- 
out completing the history of cither, because of the fact that those papers were 
the leading spirits of the county seat war, or, rather the medium through which 
the men engaged in the struggle, made known their respective cases. The 
Express continued to exist until the seat was removed, in 1860, when it was 



HISTORY OP MARSHALL COUNTY. 435 

compelled to die from lack of support. The office was removed to Toledo, 
Tama County. 

The Times, being on the winning side, thrived and grew apace. In 1861, 
Mr.Barnhart sold the paper to William H. Gallup, who continued its publication. 
In the Summer of 1861, Mr. Chapin purchased the old Express office of 
Mr. Kinney, and brought it to Marshall, where he began the publication of the 
Iowa Valley News, associating with him N. S. Howard and Charles C. Carlton. 
This concern was prospering, when disaster overtook it. The office, account 
books, subscription lists and all connected therewith, were burned and everything 
destroyed, February 19, 1862. This ended the News and wiped out the last 
traces of the Express. 

In May, 1862, Barnhart Brothers, G. W., Warren and Arthur A., com- 
menced the Exjjositor, which was continued for nearly a year. 

Meanwhile, Mr. Gallup sold the Times to Chapin & Co., and in the Spring 
of 1862, Edwin Rice published the Daily Telegraph, but soon gave up the 
scheme ; Mr. Chapin then issued the Daily Times and News, but, early in 
1863, retransferred the paper to Mr. Gallup, who discontinued the daily edi- 
tion. The latter made another attempt to dispose of the office, and, in 1862, 
sold it to I. T. Britton, Avith G. A. Clark as editor. At this point the Barn- 
hart Bros, sold the Expositor to Mr. Britton, who merged the Times and Ex- 
positor, and called this paper the Union. 

In 1863, the Union was returned to its original owners, Chapin & Barn- 
hart, who restored the old title of 3farshall County Times. 

In 1864, Chapin & Barnhart sold the Times to H. C. Henderson, who con- 
tinued its publication with marked ability until 1866, when he disposed of the 
concern to Charles Aldrich and G. H. Welch. From the latter firm, the pre- 
sent proprietors obtained possession July 23, 1869, and have since conducted 
the business under the name of Chapin & Sower. The firm is composed of E. 
N. Chapin, the veteran newspaper man of the county and present Postmaster- 
at Marshalltown, and George Sower. A daily edition was begun by the 
Times April 27, 1875, and is still in successful operation. 

The Advance was started in 1865, by Barnhart Bros. <& Carlton. The 
firm was changed by the retirement of Carlton, in favor of F. H. Barnhart. a 
nephew of R. H. Barnhart. The firm was known as Barnhart Bros, k Barn- 
hart. A daily edition was published for some time, possibly three months. 
The business proved unremunerative after something like two years. 

On the ruins of the Advance, F. H. Barnhart constructed the Central loiv a 
Democrat. He had no press, but procured his presswork at the Times office. 
The paper lived a year and a half, when it was compelled to succumb to the 
force of circumstances unsuited to newspaper longevity. 

The Temperance Standard was raised in May, 1869, by Holt Bros., with 
E. M. Holt as editor. It waved about six months, and then quietly wrapped 
the drapery of its little couch about it and lay down to pleasant dreams. 

The Marshall Repuhlican was established as a weekly Republican j ournal, July 
1, 1871, by Thomas Mercer and Thomas E. McCracken. Mr. Mercer wrote the 
leading edtorials and was recognized as business manager, and Mr. McCracken (who 
was then Collector of Internal Revenue for the District) devoted his spare moments 
to the local writing. They continued to publish the paper until Nov. 13, 1873, 
when Mr. Mercer retired. Mr. M. Waterman purchased a quarter interest in 
the establishment, and Mr. Chas. Carlton also negotiated for a quarter interest, 
but held it only a few months, when it reverted to Mr. McCracken. The busi- 
ness name of the firm was T. E. McCracken & Co., Mr. McCracken being editor in 



436 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

chief. In April, 1874, Mr. A. H. Neidig purchased Mr. McCracken's interest, 
and the paper was continued under the firm name A. N. Neidig <& Co.. Mr. 
Neidig took charge as editor while Mr. Waterman continued as business manager 
and local writer. On the 15th of March, 1875, a semi-weekly edition was 
started in addition to the weekly, both of wluch editions have been successfully 
continued to the present time by these gentlemen. The importance of the Re- 
publican in political circles is shown by the fact that Mr. Neidig has filled the 
post of Chairman of the State Central Committee. The editorials are vigorous 
and ably written, and the paper is an established institution. 

The Marshall Statesman, a Democratic paper, began life under the manage- 
ment of Boyd, Mitchell k Burkart, July 31, 1875. The following week Mr. 
Boyd retired, leaving the two last named gentlemen of the firm at the helm. 
June 24, 1876, Cook Sanford purchased Mr. Mitchell's interest, and since 
that time the paper has been edited by Mr. Sanford, with Mr. Burkart as prac- 
tical manager. The Statesman is one of the freest, boldest and most positive 
papers issued in this or any other county, and will continue to be so while Cook 
Sanford remains at its head. 

The State Centre Enterprise first appeared October 14, 1871, with D. A. 
Lacey & Co., publishers, and D. A. Lacey, editor. On the 4th of October, 
1872, Mr. Lacey retired, and J. W. Merrill became proprietor. The Enter- 
prise was enlarged by its present owner, and is a successful venture. 

A paper called the Northwest was started in Liscomb, in 1875, but did not 
long survive. 

Among the editorial profession in this county, Mrs. Nettie Sanford holds a 
position of honor, fairly won by the trenchant vigor of her pen and the enter- 
prise of her works. The lady has done much to elevate the tone of the press 
and preserve its dignity. Mrs. Sanford has written several historical sketches 
of Marshall County. Her last editorial work was done in a journal called the 
Ladies' Bureau, and published in Marshalltown for several months, in 1876. 

In 1874, a paper called the Independent Critic was started at Oilman, by 
a man named Parish, and was continued about forty weeks. The printing was 
done at Grinnell. The Critic disappeared from earth. 

In 1876, the Gilman Record was established by S. W. Grow, who contin- 
ued the same from June of that year until March, 1877, when he sold to E. 
Hoskyn. Mr. Hoskyn sold the paper in February, 1878, to F. W. Browne, of 
Tama City, who is the present owner. Prior to this last transfer, the name of 
the paper was changed to that of The Gilman Dispatch, and is now so called. 

The National Greenback was brought from Marengo to Marshalltown, in 
March, 1878. The first number was issued in April, under the name of 
Rutherford's Porcupine, by George W. Rutherford. In July the name was 
changed to the first given title. 

7'he Daily Sun began as the Daily Porcupine, July 14, 1878, under the 
management of George W. Rutherford, in Marshalltown. Aug. 9th, it was 
purchased by Lambert & Co., and the name changed to the Daily Sun. 



AGRICULTURAL INTERESTS. 

COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 

The first fair in Marshall County was held at Marshall, in the public 
square and in the Court House, Oct. 14, 15, 16, 1858. The officers of the 
association were E. T. Currens, President ; William Bremner, Secretary. The 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 437 

fair proved a grand success. The Marsliall County Times of that date, says : 
'• We never saw finer vegetables at any fair. The display of horses and 
cattle was ■ very good. Of swine there were some fine specimens. We 
saw no sheep on the grounds, but this certainly was an oversight, for Mar- 
shall County has some fine sheep in it." The other departments w^re 
pronounced well filled. An incident of the fair : A godless young scamp, 
dressed himself in his sister's riding-habit and entered the lists at the 
ladies' equestrian match. He was detected and expelled from the ground 
and received a ringing rebuke from the Times. Boys were boys in 1858, as 
well as in 1878. No money premiums were awarded at this first meeting of 
the association. 

The next meeting was held at Albion, Oct. 11th and 12th, 1859. The 
Times of Oct. 26th, says : " The first day's exhibition commenced by the 
exhibition of horses on the public square, where a ring had been formed a quar- 
ter of a mile in circumference, which we thought rather too large for the spec- 
tators to get a fair view of the stock, although mighty fine for trotting nags. 
The second day's work was opened by the exhibition of cattle, and the fore- 
noon consumed in awarding premiums on cattle, swine, etc. 

"In the afternoon, female equestrianship was the first thing on the docket. 
Mrs. Jenny Crow received the first premium. The display of in-door articles 
was fine, as was also the display of vegetables." The fair proved quite a suc- 
cess, and was a source of great gratification to the visitors. The officers for 
1859 were E. T. Currens, President ; Thomas Swearingen, Vice President ; 
W. C. Smith, Treasurer ; Wm. Bremner, Secretary. The receipts were about 
^145, and an aggregate of about 475 entries. 

The Treasurer's exhibit for 1859 is as follows : 

Amount in treasury 1 150 00 

Received from all sources for 1859 145 QO 

$295 00 

Paid out in premiums.- 139 00 

Paid out for papers, diplomas, etc 136 00 

1275 00 
Balance 20 00 

The officers elected for 1860, were C. C. Brown, President ; Thomas 
Swearingen, Vice President ; William Bremner, Secretary ; John [Jtz, Treas- 
urer. The fair for 1860, was held at Marietta, Sept. i9th, 20th and 21st. 
In the ladies department there was a much better exhibition than in the 
agricultural. 

Messrs. Currens, Botson and Wickersham exhibited some fine blooded cat- 
tle. There were also some fine specimens of horses, sheep and hogs. The 
fair did not prove much of a success this year. There seemed to have been a 
lack of energy on the part of the people to push it through. 

A meeting was held on the 25th of September, 1860, when a final effort 
was made to get the Society into better working order. A committee of one 
from each township was appointed to canvass his own town, and secure as manv 
members as possible by the 1st of January. 1861. Three propositions were 
received relative to the donating of grounds on certain conditions. The Board 
held another meeting November 10, when it was decided to accept the ])roposi- 
tion of Norilla Gillespie, that the society could have the use of ten acres of 
land on condition that the Society would fence it. The land was then three- 
quarters of a mile northwest of Marshalltown ; it is now inclosed in what is 



438 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

known as Gillespie's First and Second Additions to Marsballtown. The Times 
says of the location, that no better place could have been found, it being on 
high ground and near to Marsballtown. A large number became members this 
year, and the people gave the project their hearty support. The fourth annual 
fair of the county, and the second ever held in Marsballtown, commenced Septem- 
ber 11th and lasted two days. There were 727 entries; attendance, fair. 
The total receipts were $224. The fair continued to be held here until 1864, 
meeting with only partial success. The Society re-organized this year as a 
stock company, with shares of $10 each, and over two thousand dollars was soon 
paid. The object of the Society was to associate together for mutual improve- 
ment to farmers, stock raisers, mechanics, fruit growers, artisans, florists, and 
anv and all persons engaged in any active pursuit or profession. Under this 
new organization, the Societ}' purchased twenty acres of land, of Chester Clark, 
two miles east of the Court House, partly inclosed the same with a tight board 
fence, and erected temporary sheds. The premium list was enlarged, and the 
fair held October L) and 7, 18<)4, and, with all the imperfections and the jour- 
ing rains, the show of live stock was better than ever before ; and the receipts, 
after paying premiums and expenses — the premiums amounting to nearly eight 
hundred dollars — showed a surplus of a good sum. The Society continued to 
hold their fairs at this place until August 7, 1870, when they purchased forty 
acres of land of Mrs. Webster, for $183^ per acre, directly east of Marshall 
about half a mile. The Society found itself unable to pay for the ground, 
when twenty of the citizens came to the rescue and issued $10,000 worth of 
preferred stock. Nearly all the money thus raised was devoted to repairing 
the grounds and making necessary improvements. The conditions of the 
issuance of this preferred stock were that " it should receive in dividends. 10 per 
cent., after which the common or old stock should share alike in all property." 

When the payments matured, the Society was unable to meet them, and 
Mrs. Webster proceeded against the Society and legally foreclosed her mort- 
gage, and the property, including all apparatus appertaining thereto, was bid 
in by Mrs. Webster, April 23, 1875. This proceeding in law of course closed 
out all the interest of the original and preferred stockholders alike, making the 
title perfect in Mrs. Webster. 

Mrs. Webster deeded the property and all its appurtenances to the Marshall 
County Fair Grounds Company, September 7, 187;"), who are the owners of the 
Fair Ground. The condition of the agricultural association is steadily improv- 
ing, and the management hope to make it the best in Iowa. 

THE DAIRY. 

This chapter will be far more suggestive and prophetic than historic, and 
might be introduced into some current publication with more propriety, perhaps, 
than into the pages of a work of permanent value. But we give place to this 
article for the sake of the prediction implied or expressed. 

At the present time, one of the greatest industries within the reach of the 
people is almost untouched. The region is designed by nature for a dairy 
country. There is an abundance of everything needed in a crude state to intro- 
duce and conduct this important business. But in spite of all the advantages 
of soil, water and climate, there iiave been but two or three attempts to carry on 
dairying here, and those, for obvious reasons, proved only moderately successful. 

In the first place, let us consider the question in a practical manner, and 
judge by the prosperity of other localities whether Marshall County can safely 
invest in the manufacture of butter and cheese. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 439 

What are the primary requisites in the case ? First, a fertile soil, which 
will produced a perennial sod, from which hay can be cut for winter use, and 
also which will furnish proper green pasturage during the out-door feeding sea- 
son. Second, a soil and climate which will produce corn and small gi^ains^ 
artichokes, pease, etc. Third, good water, and a cheap and abundant ice crop. 

These may be regarded as the fundamental conditions necessary to the 
economic manufacture of dairy products. There are others which may be sug- 
gested to the minds of practical dairymen, but surely these are the first and 
most important points to be considered. Has Marshall County these advan- 
tages ? Yes. There is no longer a doubt as to the quality and durability of 
her sod ; the adundance and richness of her grasses, of her hay crop. She has 
a climate between that of Minnesota and Kansas — an intermediate grade which 
enables her to raise luxuriant corn, and at the same time reap rich harvests of 
small grains. It may be said that no country surpasses this for diversity and 
quantity of yield of crops. Others are better exclusive corn regions or wheat 
regions, but none combine wheat, oats, corn, and the small grains in the same 
degree. Therefore, we say that this county is adapted by natural productive- 
ness for dairying. 

Can cattle thrive here? Yes. A grade of common stock crossed with 
blood of pure strain, are hearty, strong in flesh and rich milkers. We doubt if 
pure bloods do as well as coarser textures ; but mixed stock is suited to the 
climate in admirable degree. 

Is the water and ice supply ample ? Yes. In quality and quantity there 
is sufficient Avater to warrant the erection of many creameries in the county. 

If these statements are true, why is it that so few good butter makers are 
found in the county ? We are not speaki-ng of private dairying, but of the 
introduction of skilled men and approved machinery. Private butter making 
has no more comparison to creamery business than hand spinning has to the 
power loom. 

In 1866, this county produced 273,254 pounds of butter and 21,291 pounds 
of cheese; and in 1874, 625,418 pounds of butter and 5,083 pounds of cheese. 
This exhibit shows that no systematic attention is paid to the work, but that the 
natural increase forces people into a greater production. At the same time, 
the quality ranks only as "grease" in the Eastern market, except in the few 
rare cases of choice butter makers among the farmers' wives. This is not 
intended as a reflection upon the women of the county, for it is true that the 
fault lies fully as much at the men's door as theirs. The men have not pre- 
pared suitable places in which to make and preserve the butter that is made, 
and, consequently, the most careful products deteriorate because of lack of ice 
and dairy-rooms. We do not blame the women for not working with better 
heart, under such circumstances. Dairying is laborious in the extreme and 
scarcely worth the time expended on it, if the butter so made is salable only 
at third rate or as grease. 

This article is designed to benefit both men and women It is intended to point 
out a way by which the men can efi"ect a revenue 365 days in the year, instead of 
having two seasons of hurry and distraction and then an idle time, so far as pro- 
duction goes ; and it is also intended to indicate this desirable improvement in 
a way to relieve the hard-worked women of a portion of their task. 

As we have said, the present system of farming furnishes a time of bustle 
and expense at seeding season, and another when harvest approaches. The 
profit rests almost entirely upon the profit of one crop. If wheat runs light, 
the net result of all that year's labor is most discou^ aging. Between harvest and 



440 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

harvest there is work enough to do, but it does not bring in money. The farmer 
feels depressed over the hazard of his main crop, and loses half the comfort of 
living. 

Suppose the system is slightly changed. The farmer increases his past- 
urage and meadow lands, and puts more stock on his farm. He hires men to 
milk his cows, and twice a day places 300 or 500 pounds of milk on the plat- 
form near his barns. The teamster employed in the neighborhood drives by 
and carries the milk to the creamery, a mile or two distant. When he returns, 
he deposits the cans tilled with buttermilk on the platform, and the men care 
for them. 

Thus, day after day, an income is derived from the herd. The labor on 
the farm is not increased, for men perform the work that once so dragged upon 
the mothers and daughters. 

The milk is not the only product of the herd. There is the increase of the 
stock. In Linn County, one man who milked a herd of sixty crossed breeds, 
told the writer that those cows netted him $48 per head, the year before, in 
milk and calves, without counting the original herd. They more than paid for 
tliemselves in one year. This is not an isolated case. All over Linn County 
the farmers are going into dairying. They milk from ten to seventy-five cows 
each. Many of them still cling to the common stock, but the more careful 
find that the value of calves is greater with better grades, and that the weight 
and quality of blooded milk is more profitable, while the cost of keeping is but 
little increased. 

Linn County has been in the creamery business but four years, and most of 
the factories have been going but one year ; but already there are 6,000 cows 
milked for them, or about three-quarters as many as are milked in this entire 
county. We predict that Linn County will use the milk of 50,000 cows before 
another century begins. 

But Linn is cited merely incidentally. Delaware County holds the prize. 
From the history of Delaware, prepared by the Western Historical Company, 
we make the following selection, which explains itself and our motive in 
using it : 

" About twenty years ago, the farmers of Delaware began to turn their atten- 
tion to the dairy, and gradually the industries of the county have changed, 
until now (1878), it has become one of the leading dairy counties in the State, 
and the manufacture of butter, cheese and raising pork have been its leading 
agricultural interests. 

"■ Delaware butter commands the highest price in Eastern markets. Man- 
chester has become the grpat butter market of Iowa, rivaling that of any other 
State in the Northwest, and immense quantities of the dairy products of the 
county are shipped every week. 

'•In 1858 or 1859, George Acres and Watson Childs, of Delaware Town- 
ship, began the manufacture of cheese, and, in 1862, Mr. Acres was working up 
the milk of about thirty cows. 

" In a public address, deliveredlastWinter. before the Dairymen's Association, 
Mr. Childs stated that he was obliged to peddle out his cheese for two or three 
years, when he first commenced, and used to realize 8 or 10 cents a pound, 
mainly in trade. 

"Asa C. Bowen, who began cheese making in 1858, just south of the county 
line, says that while in the mercantile business in Hopkinton, in 1856, he 
brought butter to that town from Albany, selling it at 33|- cents a pound, and 
A. R. Loomis brought butter to Manchester from Marengo, 111., about the same 





', o<^^^-^^<^/ 



[deceased) 
I^ARSHALLTOYYH 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 443 

time. The introduction of the cheese vat, Mr. Bowen says, made the handling 
of large (|uantities of milk comparatively easy, and he was among the first to 
l)ring the improved plan into use in Iowa. 

''In June, 1866, the Delaware Cheese Company was organised at Delaware ; 
Wm. H. Hefner, President, and K. W. Kingsley, Secretary. A building was 
erected there 24x40 feet, two and a half stories, and an experienced cheese 
maker from Madison County, New York, engaged to take charge of the factory, 
which commenced operations during the month of June. It continued in opera- 
tion until about 1872, when it suspended, and the building was converted into 
a stable. 

"A cheese factory was established at Almoral in 1870, which had a remu- 
nerative run until 1875, when cheese making was given up and butter onlv 
manufactured ; which was kept open but two seasons, but with indifferent suc- 
cess. Soon after, R. L. and 0. E. Taylor built a cheese factory in Milo Town- 
ship, which was very skillfully managed, but, in 1877, cheese making was given 
lip and butter made instead. It was found that making butter was more profit- 
able than making cheese, and now comparatively little cheese is manufact- 
ured. 

"The first stimulus to the butter industry was given by L. A. Loomis, of 
Manchester, who made a contract in 1862 with the Northwestern Packet Com- 
pany to supply its boats with butter. Buying for cash only, although at the 
low rate of eight or nine cents a pound, he became master of the situation, and 
■would take only the best offered. Mr. Loomis bought butter without opposi- 
tion until 1864, when W. G. Kenyon began to buy, followed, in 1867, by 
Percival & Ayers, which made competition quite sharp. 

"The manufacture of butter increased steadily until 1872, when the cream- 
ery system was introduced by Mr. John Stewart, and gave the dairy business of 
the county a powerful impetus. Mr. Stewart had been dealing in dairy products 
for several years, when, in 1872, he built the first creamery or butter factory in 
the county, and, it is thought, the first in the State, on Spring Branch, near E. 
Packer's, three or four miles east of Manchester. Here he commenced buying 
milk of the surrounding farmers, and making the cream into butter, according 
to the most approved method practiced by Eastern dairymen. His business in- 
creased, and the following year he established similar "creameries " at Yankee 
Settlement, Forestville, Ward's Corners and other places. 

"A. C. Clark & Company started a creamery at Manchester in 1874, and 
at Mason ville in 1875. 

" Having obtained the first premium for butter for several years at St. Louis, 
in 1876, Mr. Stewart determined to compete for the golden prize offered at the 
International Centennial Exposition, at Philadelphia, and received the gold 
medal for the best butter in the world. His success removed the prejudice 
existing in New Y'^ork and other Eastern markets against Western, and especially 
Iowa, butter, and placed Delaware butter very high in the estimation of dealers 
and consumers, and the best grades soon commanded a higher price than the 
best New York creamery butter. 

"The award of this medal to Delaware and Iowa was of almost incalculable 
benefit to the county and State, and is worth to the farmers of the State many 
hundred thousand dollars annually. Mr. Stewart is of the opinion that this 
region possesses certain peculiarities of climate and soil that give it superiority 
over other dairy districts. 

"An association of the dairymen was formed at Manchester, in February, 
1877, under the name of " Northwestern Dairvmen's Association." The meet- 



444 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

ing continued two days, and much instruction was given and received. John 
Stewart was elected President, and Col. R. M. Littler, of Davenport, was chosen 
Secretary. The Association met at Manchester in February, 1878, with added 
numbers and increased interest. 

"From abroad came Messrs. Folsom, J. N. Reall and Francis D. Moulton, of 
New York; Mr. McGlincey, Secretary of the Dairy Board of Trade, Elgin, 
111. ; and A. Ondesleys, Baltimore. The subjects discussed covered the whole 
business of dairying, from raising grass to shipping butter and cheese to market. 

" Mr. L. 0. Stevens" furnished a description of the creamery at Almoral, 
which will answer, in a general way, to describe the system pursued : 

" ' The Almoral Creamery was established in 1876, under the name of " The 
Almoral Dairymen's Company." It is an incorporated company, with a capi- 
tal stock not exceeding $10,000. Farmers are the stockholders. Farmers, 
not stockholders, patronize the institution, receiving for their milk, or rather 
the butter product — for butter entirely is made at this creamery — their pro 
rata share of the net sale in market of the butter, deducting all expenses, viz. : 
rents, ice, marketing, commissions, brokerage, etc. The butter is shipped 
weekly, and, in warm weather, in a refrigerator car, from Manchester to New 
York. The Company's works are equal to 500 cows. Our building is 
thoroughly fitted, with flagstones laid in cement as the groundwork, with all 
needful tanks, ventilation, etc., and with all requisites for sweetness and neat- 
ness. We require the manufacturer of the butter to be scrupulously tidy in all 
branches of the business, and also all packages of butter to be placed on the 
track free from all stains and carelessness ; the milk to be delivered in first- 
class condition, as respects neatness in milking and proper care as to cleanli- 
ness of cans and cooling of the milk. We propose at this creamery never to 
make either skim butter or skim cheese ; but to ever make the best article 
possible of cream butter, and to continue to fight it out, steadily and protract- 
edly, " on that line." 

" ' We regard the sour milk returned to the patrons of the creamery worth 
a very large per cent, in the raising of calves to replenish the dairy, and young 
stock hogs. Whey is comparatively valueless, compared with sour milk, and 
there exists no substitute for sour milk for calves and pigs. As we run our 
creamery, we find it profitable, and are contented to run it in our (the farmers') 
best interest.' 

"There are now in successful operation in the county thirty-three creamer- 
ies. The production for 1877 was largely in excess of any previous" year, and 
the value of butter and cheese shipped was not far from half a million of dollars. 
Over twelve hundred thousand pounds of butter were sent from Manchester. 
The product is shipped in refrigerator cars twice a week, and most of it goes to 
New York. Manufacturers estimate that the dair}^ product of the county for 
1878 will be materially greater than in 1877. Mr. Stewart thinks the ship- 
ments of butter for Manchester alone, this year, will reach the enormous quan- 
tity of 1,500,000 pounds." 

-' ' ' t^ SWINE CULTURE. 

A controlling factor in the (question of profitable dairying is the raising of 
hogs. If the products of a region are not suited to the growth of swine, the 
scheme might better be abandoned before much money is wasted in experiment. 
Here the advantages of the climate stand out bold and enticing. The cultiva- 
tion of the cereals necessary to hog culture is one of the established facts. 
Corn, Brazilian artichokes, pease, and all vegetables — roots or grains — needed 
by the hog raiser, here grow in great abundance and with certainty of yield. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 445 

There is a feature of this business that has not been suflSciently enlarged 
upon, as yet, by the agriculturists of Marshall County. Attention has not 
been bestowed upon tlie breed of hogs raised, nor has the subject been consid- 
ered in a scientific manner. Farming, hog raising and dairying are as suscept- 
ible of scientific analysis as are any of the several branches of trade and 
industry. Fixed laws govern them, and these rules cannot be deviated from 
one iota without hazard to the enterprise. 

For example, if a farmer insists that coarse stock will breed as well and sell 
as readily as fine strains ; if he insists that care is not required to fatten pork 
and place it in marketable condition, he will surely find that his neighbor, who 
diflfers from him in theory and practice, wins the prize away from him in 
every case. 

The statistics show that, in 1866, there were 19,959 hogs of all ages 
returned in the county ; but the grades are not named. In 1874, the total 
number shown was 56,553, of which 2,592 were Berkshire and 3,318 were 
Poland-Chinas. Only a little more than ten per cent, of the entire hog crop 
was blooded ; while the long-nosed, thin-flanked animal was pushed upon the 
market, bringing less in price per pound and a less number of pounds in weight 
than better animals would have done with the same care and feeding. 

The premium car of hogs last year was sent to Chicago from the County 
Farm, in this county. The average weight in Lamoille, the shipping point, 
after a drive of perhaps two miles, was 518 pounds; in Chicago, the average 
weight was 51 6 pounds. The hogs were Poland-Chinas. The Superintendent 
of the farm believes in clean pens, pure water and proper protection from 
weather. The facts above cited bear him out in his theory — a theory 
entertained by the best breeders in the country, and sustained by common 
sense. 

There is no animal so exceedingly sensitive to climatic changes as a hog. 
The best of care should be bestowed upon it. Bushes or low sheds should be 
furnished for protection against sharp winds or scorching sun, while stagnant 
pools are as injurious to a hog as they are to a man. Pens should be kept dry 
and clean, deodorized and disinfected several times each week by the use of car- 
bolic acid and water. The too prevalent typhoid fever, which infects the air 
and the wells of so many farm homes, arises from the filthy sty or the uncared- 
for barnyard. 

Man and animal alike demand cleanliness, or disease will surely follow the 
violation of natural laws. 

SHEEP CULTURE. \ 

Although the culture of sheep does not properly belong to this chapter, we 
introduce it here in order that our prediction may be comprehensive. 

This is a grand region for sheep, when the proper grades are decided upon 
and necessary preparations made. The flock numbered only 13,249 in 1874, 
but the farmers are becoming satisfied that there is money in sheep-raising. 
The best-informed men agree with this statement. 

At present, there is little or nothing done in the way of sheep, but the 
product will be greatly increased during the next decade. 

A PREDICTION. 

On the strength of the reasonings briefly outlined herein, we feel safe in 
prophesying that Marshall County is destined to become one of the richest and 
most profitable dairying regions in the State. 



446 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

That it is destined to become one of the greatest hog-raising counties of the 
State. 

That is destined to become one of the most noted sheep-growing regions of 
the State. 

The county is new, and men have not determined what branches of industry 
to pursue ; but nature will settle the problem for them, and bear us out in 
our assertions. The historian who takes up our work fifty years from to- 
day will refer to this prediction, and admit that it was based on solid calcula 

tion. 

FRUIT CULTURE. 

The first obstacle in the way of successful fruit-growing here is an igno- 
rance of the varieties which can be grown in this climate. This diflSculty can 
be obviated only by careful and intelligent experiment. 

When the pioneers first settled on the prairies of Marshall County, they 
gave neither thought nor labor to the planting of fruit trees. The wild crab- 
apple, the wild grape and the prolific small fruits which filled wood and marsh, 
werd sufiicient to satisfy a taste for variety of diet. 

It was several years before trees were set out in any numbers, and then a 
majority of the farmers merely stuck small trees into the ground, and expected 
that the marvelous stories told by ti-aveling venders would prove true, without 
care on the part of the farmer. 

The result of such orcharding was naturally very discouraging. If the 
trees were not killed during the first Winter, they were so stunted by trans- 
planting in unsuitable soil and climate that years of patient nursing alone could 
save them or make them profitable. As no such attention was given them, 
they struggled into a blighted life and proved barren. 

In 1866, thei'e were out 4,366 fruit trees in bearing, while 61,205 were un- 
productive. Only 963 pounds of grapes were gathered in all the county. This 
was at a time when the fruit crop should have been abundant, but the causes as- 
signed were too powerful to be overcome by a mere desire on the part of the 
farmers. 

In 1875, there were 25,810 apple trees, 10,725 cherry trees, 5.498 plum 
trees, 364 pear trees and 2,718 other varieties of fruits, all in bearing. The 
number of trees not in bearing aggregated 170,754, but these included young 
orchards. 

These figures show that fruit can be raised here. In most parts of the 
county, apples will eventually become an excellent crop ; but the prize can be 
won only by skillful management. 

A farmer would not think of using an unknown variety of wheat for seed, 
or a new kind of corn for planting, and then expect to reap a full harvest with- 
out proper cultivation of the soil. Why, then, should he expect to grow fruit 
from unknown trees, without even watching them, to protect them in their early 
stages from weather and insects ? 

The best orchards in the county are those which receive the best care. In 
five years' time, a thrifty yield of fruit may be taken from trees which are 
three or four years old when planted, if prudent selections of varieties are 
made. 

Let those who wish to have good orchards, first visit the fruit farms of ex- 
perienced men, and from them learn what to do. Then let the instructions so 
received be followed to the letter — and within a decade this county will be 
famous for its fruits, especially for its apples and its pears. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 447 



THE COUNTY FARM. 



In 1867, the Board of Supervisors decided that they would submit a propo- 
sition to the people of the county, relative to the purchase of a farm and the 
construction of buildings thereon to be used as a County Poor Farm. The 
following November, the question was voted upon, and received 1,434 affirma- 
tive and 280 negative votes. The amount appropriated was $6,000, to be 
raised by special assessment. 

In June, 1868, the first Committee on Poor Farm was designated by the 
Board. It consisted of Supervisors S. T. Mote, William Barnes, S. Beeson 
and C. B. Rhodes. After suitable examination of the various sites proposed 
for the farm, the Committee selected wild prairie in Washington Township, 
described as the southeast quarter of Section 8, and the south half of the south- 
west quarter of Section 9, Town 83 north, Range 19 west. The price per 
acre is minuted in pencil on the records of the Board, and from that we infer 
that the original amount was $12. The Clerk of the Board, J. L. Williams, 
was added to the Committee. 

D. S. Kellogg was chosen first Steward. A brick building was erected as 
a Poor House, and considerable improvement was made during the first two 
years. T. E. Carey was chosen to succeed Mr. Kellogg as Steward, and the 
work of developing the property slowly advanced. W. R. Herrick was the 
next manager, and under him the progress was marked. Less than a year ago, 
E. E. Hutchins became Superintendent, and is still in charge. 

The farm is one of the finest in the county. It is rolling prairie land, of 
rich soil and well adapted to stock raising and general farming. Of course, 
the early years of its existence, in its present form, Avere not profitable ones to 
the county ; but the farm is now upon a self-sustaining basis, including the 
care of the paupers placed thereon. At present writing, there are over twenty 
inmates, but the number varies with the seasons, and is likely to reach a much 
higher one than now shown. 

As a prudent measure, to the end that many of the paupers now supported 
at different points might be placed in charge of the Superintendent, on the 
farm, a large frame addition to the house is being put up this Summer, and 
other permanent improvements made. These improvements will cost between 
$5,000 or $6,000, but are wise and judicious investments. The Supervisors 
of the county take an active interest in all that pertains to the work. 

Last January, the inventory showed the following valuations of farm prop- 
erty : 

Land, 240 acres $8,000 00 

Tools, grain on hand, etc 1,042 00 

Cattle and live stock 2,546 50 

Furniture and fixtures.... 594 45 

Total valuation 11'.^, 182 95 

The permanent improvements made in 1877 amounted to $660. The 
income from the farm was $2,405, and the total expenditures $3,409. This 
made the cost of sustaining $344 over and above receipts. With ordinarily 
good returns this year, the farm will sustain itself and care for a large number 
of helpless poor. 

The farm is well managed, and has one of the finest herds of young cattle 
we have seen in the county. Poland-China hogs are raised, and from this 
drove the premium car-load was shipped last year. The correct idea has been 



448 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

grasped by the managers of the institution in regard to the profitable breeding 
of stock. 

In ten years this farm will be not only a source of large revenue and a ma- 
terial aid toward the support of the poor, but it will also be a special object of 
pride if a proper spirit is shown by the Board of Supervisors. 



LE GRAND QUARRY CO. 

This incorporated concern is doing a fine business in the eastern part of the 
county, at Quarry Station and also at Le Grand. The oflScers of the company 
are: President, George F. Kirby; Vice President, Isaac B. Howe; Secretary 
and Treasurer, Henry J. Howe. 

The general office is located at Marshalltown, but branch offices are located 
at various convenient points. From eighty to one hundred and forty men are 
employed in the different branches of the work at the quarries. 

The famous Iowa marble is procured at this company's quarry. This 
most beautiful formation is used extensively for ornamental work, in trimmings 
for houses, interior decorations, furniture tops, etc. 

The stone has been in use for more than twenty years, and its durability has 
been thoroughly tested. Competition is sharply made with all other quarries, 
and the increased sales from Le Grand establish the excellent quality of the 
material. The stone is varied in the numerous strata, so that a wide range of 
products is rendered possible. From coarse work to highly polished, elaborately 
carved cut work, the entire range of variety is shown. 

The company is controlled by the same gentlemen who own the stock of the 
Kirby & Howe Stone Co., of Chicago, and thus another advantage is enjoyed 
by the co-operation of the two concerns. The Chicago house own a quarry at 
Lemont, 111. 

Railroad tracks run from the North- Western Road directly to the several 
quarries. 

This industry is an important one in the commercial development of the 
county. 

FIRST GRIST-MILLS. 

Wm. Asher built the first grist-mill in 1847. Wm. Asher, John Campbell 
and Carpenter Gear built the second grist-mill, a part of which is the make-up 
of the Rock Valley Mills, in 1849. In 1850, the memorable year to the early 
settlers of Marshall County, called the year of the big flood, when the early 
settlers were hedged in on every side by the high waters for six weeks, almost 
every family erected a mill within their own door, for manufacturing their own 
meal for bread, in the shape of a mortar and pestle, or a grate, on which corn 
softened by boiling was grated into meal, such a thing as flour being out of the 
question. In the time of this great scarcity of bread, the ingenuity of the 
inventive brain was called into requisition to secure bread in the cheapest form 
of labor and in the easiest possible way. It was during this wet season that 
Mr. Edward Edwards, a brother-in-law of Wm. H. Weatherly, of Marshall- 
town, invented a novel mill, near the place where the house of Mrs. Thomas 
now stands in Marietta Township, in the following manner, to wit : Going into 
a ravine in which there was much water, during the wet season, he erected a 
dam, good and strong, then hewing out a large trough with the end which 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 449 

pointed up stream the heaviest, so that when fastened upon a pivot, with the 
greater length of the trough pointing down stream it would still balance up 
stream, fastened this on the end of a long sweep or pole and set forks upright 
in the ravine a little distance below. On this, he fastened his pole on a pivot, 
the trough being fastened on the upper and in such a way as to catch the water 
in his trough as it poured over the dam, and when full, the heft being on the 
end pointing down stream, it would turn on its pivot and empty itself, and when 
empty, it would fall back in position again. On the other end of the beam to 
which the trough was fastened was fixed a heavy pestle so as to strike into a 
large mortar below, and as the trough would empty, as before stated, it would 
draw down the pestle with great weight, and when empty, in falling back into 
position, would raise the pestle for another blow. The mortar was from time to 
time filled with shelled corn, which in time was beaten or ground into meal by 
this odd mill which run night and day for several weeks, furnishing a constant 
supply of meal. 

In 1854, Mr. G. W. Woodbury purchased the water power on the Iowa 
River one mile north of Marshall town, and the following season had a flour-mill 
in active motion. He afterward added a distillery and carding machine. In 
1874, Mr. Fred Woodbury, son of G. M. Woodbury, removed the old mill and 
erected a new one at a cost of $60,000 or upward, adding steam fixtures, so 
that when the water is too high or too low for grinding, he can run it'with steam. 

The mill familiarly known as the Schofield Mill, on the Iowa River, north 
of Le Grand, was built by Thomas and Isaiah Schofield in 1856. It has since 
been rebuilt and added to until it is now a substantial structure, with five runs 
of buhrs and all the modern improvements necessary to do first-class work. It 
is now owned and operated by Hiram Hammond and G. W. Benedict, under 
the firm name of Hammond & Benedict. 

Dr. Hixson built and operated a flouring-mill in an early day, near the 
mouth of Minerva Creek. The mill failed to prove a success, and the doctor 
abandoned the enterprise and let it go down. 

Mr. Wm. Hill built a steam flouring-mill at Marietta in 1858, but finding 
it costly to run by steam, took into partnership Mr. Marshall Bishop, and 
removed the mill to the Iowa River, two miles west of Albion ; after operating 
it some considerable length of time, they sold to Mr. Abraham Stanley, of 
Albion, and the mill was burned while owned by him, in the month of May, A. 
D. 1876. There are good steam flouring-mills owned and operated, one in 
State Center, one in Marshalltown, and one in Edenville, and a good flouring- 
mill built by Ralls & Willets on South Timber Creek in Le Grand Township, 
run by water-power. 



SPECULATIVE AND PROPHETIC. 

The man who cannot find something to love and applaud in the land he has 
chosen for a home, is devoid of the elements of patriotism — that devotion which 
cements these States and preserves the L^nion in indissoluble bonds. But 
where one finds a region so abundant in natural advantages, so enchanting in 
landscape, and so salubrious in climate as this in which we write these lines, 
the lack of patriotic enthusiasm falls little below a crime in magnitude and 
character. 

That such a deficiency does not exist in the tiearts of Marshall County men 
and women we have learned by personal investigation. The residents are 



450 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

proud of their homes and ambitious that the world should know of it. Nature 
smiled when these broad acres were perfected. The gradual action of the ele- 
ments resulted in artistic forms of hillock, plain and valley, as though the creative 
force had endowed the agents of transformation with esthetic attributes. The 
crude touches in the landscape are found where the water-courses still push 
their way through gorge and marsh, and offer a protest against criticism, as 
though to impress one with the idea that their work is but half performed. As 
an artist might turn in angry warning upon one who was bold enough to speak 
harshly of his sketch when but half completed, so do the smaller streams speak 
volumes to the thoughtful mind, Avhich is prepared by culture to commune with 
Nature. The graceful sweep of field, which now gladdens the heart of the 
expectant husbandman, was once the bed of such a stream as this. Ages ago, 
the process of evolution began, and countless years have passed since first the 
impeding twigs or pebbles changed the direction of the waters. The results of 
Nature's ceaseless workings are now beheld in the lovely range of prairies, 
dotted with homesteads and beautified by waving grain. 

There is a township in the county known as Eden. The traveler may well 
pause to admire the scene and speculate upon the comparative beauties of the 
original and modern region. It is almost impossible for man to conceive of a 
more delightful combination of hill and dell than that which unrolls itself 
before his eye, in grateful succession, as he journeys slowly through it. The 
popular Eastern idea of Iowa is that the monotony of landscape is wearisome to 
eye and brain ; that the prairie reaches away like some limitless sea, which is 
unruffled by a breeze, until the horizon swallows it up in very desperation. 
The truth is, that no Eastern field presents the variety of conformation that 
these fertile ranges do. From some elevation one may see far away, but from 
a carriage, one's vision is intercepted before the eye is fairly satisfied with the 
glimpse obtained. The waves of land are not in mathematical regularity, like 
some humanly planned creation, but are as broken in outline as the face of some 
great mountain. The characteristic difference between mountain and prairie is 
that the former is crude, from upheaval of rock and from the action of mighty 
tempests, while here, the gradual mounds have been shaped by the constant 
deposit of sediment from the stream that lapped their base. The sinuous course 
of rivers is traceable as distinctly as when tiie northern waters rushed through 
their winding beds. Here a gentle ascent widens and lifts itself into a ridge 
which bends, with graceful sweep, but increasing proportions, far out of sight 
behind that mound yonder. Two rivers met here, one day, and ever after sep- 
arated, to unite again where the ridge descends to the level of the plain. The 
mound was once an island, caused by the eddy that swirled just beyond the 
force of the river stream. 

Thus has the prairie land been made as is explained in the article upon the 
geologic formation of the county. 

The beautiful lands are by no means confined to the south of Linn or Tim- 
ber Creeks. The north is equally fine, where the immediate vicinity of the 
river is left. The northwestern townships are as desirable as man can hope for, 
and taken all in all, this county is one of the most charming in the State. 

The future of Marshall County is no idle speculation. Long ago, the period 
of uncertainty was past, and the continued development of natural resources 
guaranteed. There are within the reach of man the grandest possibilities for 
those who earnestly seek to secure them. The population of the county now 
exceeds 20,000 souls, and the fixedness of the interest in the improvement of 
the region is beyond peradventure. The county cannot retrograde so long as 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 451 

the ambitious spirit whicli at present controls Marshalltown exists. At the 
close of this century, the population should equal 75,000, at the rate of increase 
enjoyed during the past decade ; but such a percentage is neither a reasonable 
nor a desirable expectation. There undoubtedly will be 50,000 people here 
within the limit of the county before another quarter of a century rolls by. 
Marshalltown is destined to improve in every way and maintain its high rank 
as an enterprising city. 

The following is the total value of each assessment of the county of Marshall 
from 1858 to 1875 : 1858, $1,975,643 ; 1859, $2,133,297 ; 1860, $2,527,750 ; 
1861, $1,029,697 ; 1862, $1,900,775; 1863, $1,844,742 ; 1864, $2,226,158; 
1865, $2,173,184; 1866, $3,300,979; 1867, $3,361,163; 1868, $3,406,985; 
1869, $3,859,626 ; 1870, $4,117,613 ; 1871, $4,681,720; 1872, $4,860,846 ; 
1873, $4,819,310 ; 1874, $4,941,873 ; 1875, $5,414,818. 

It will be observed that the assessments for 1861, 1862 and 1863 were light, 
owing to the pressure marked at the commencement of the war. These figures 
show an increase of taxable property in the county fro.n 1858 to 1875 — a 
period of seventeen years — to be $3,439,175, showing a yearly increase of the 
taxable property of the county for the last seventeen years to be $202,304. 
The probability is, that the true estimate of the real wealth of Marshall County 
is over $12,000,000. Even at this ratio of taxation for the next twenty-five 
years, the county will then have a taxable property in Marshall county of 
$10,000,000, the true value of which would be at least $25,000,000. 

How marked have been the transformations in the social world since the 
organization of Marshall County ! The slow-moving ox-cart has given place to 
the stately family carriage, the patient beast to the spirited blooded horse. 
Those who made pilgrimages to primitive altars for the worship of God, now 
bow their heads in costly piles of stone and brick, and offer devotional sacrifices 
in the scores of church edifices which stand so thickly in every portion of the land. 

School houses have been erected at almost all the crossings of section-line 
roads, and educational advantages are oflered the children of the pioneers. Nor 
is the system of instruction as of old, but a slow inadequate exercise of the 
mental powers. The methods then were like the ox-cart itself in movement and 
result ; all was plodding, heavy, ungraceful, unskilled. But now the youthful 
brain is stimulated by the most carefully arranged gradations. The child, from 
the first, has just the point of intelligence appealed to that is necessary for his 
swiftest growth. And with the mental stimulus the physical is roused as well ; 
the whole nature is included in the training. By rapid and certain stages, the 
pupil is brought to the desired knowledge, and the result is a quick and well- 
b'alanced development that shames the cumbrous growth of earlier years. There 
need no longer be any proportion of illiterate persons in the census returns. 
The avenues to education are as open as the highways, and he who will not 
w^alk, at least a little way in them, must be indeed a blind and unworthy creat- 
ure. That which a large proportion of our fathers and forefathers lacked was 
opportunity. With capacities equal to those of the present, circumstances often 
dwarfed and misdirected them. But this cannot be urged now. In all direc- 
tions the scope has widened ; male and female alike have the range of all fields 
of learning. But a few years ago, the question of the equal education of the 
sexes was one that agitated the enlightened world ; to-day, it is practically 
settled ; and what then seemed to involve momentous resolution and possibly 
large social destruction, is now one of the smoothest running wheels in the 
whole machinery of life. Thus rapid have been the steps toward enlightenment 
— thus long and grand the strides toward universal freedom. 



452 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

A prophet who shouhl in this day attempt to forecast the future, could 
scarcely dip his wand in too bright colors. He would be safe in exaggeration, 
safe in seeming to exceed even the bounds of possibility. From the near past, 
what may we not hope and expect in the near future ? We are growing to look 
upon miracles as commonplace. The bump of wonder is likely to be wholly 
obliterated from the phrenological chart. And the West, young and vigorous 
as It is, is not a whit behind older civilization, but leads oif already in many 
ways, and is likely yet to distance all by the strength of its sinews and the 
courage of its health. 

These reflections come up naturally from the contemplation of a portion of 
country like this county of Marshall, which we have been studying in all its 
phases, with a view to a thorough understanding of its present status and 
of its future possibilities. It would be too much like flattery to apply them 
strictly to Marshall ; but it is simply truth to apply them to the West as a 
whole, and surely no one will deny that Marshall is a typical Western 
region. 

One sure sign of continued progress is that progress no longer startles 
people. With wh&t san(j froid even the wonders of the telephone are accepted; 
for within the year of the application of that wonderful principle, we find that 
business men here, as in older places, make nothing of connecting their houses 
and offices with the bewitched wire on which speech travels audibly. It is not 
a matter of wonder ; it is accepted as the most natural and commonplace 
thing in the world. No one's equanimity is disturbed, no one's pulse quick- 
ened. 

The tendency is to universalize. Regions no longer produce types — all are 
cosmopolitan. The West, which was for a long time the synonym of the New, 
the Crude, the Out-of-reach, is to-day just as accessible, just as central, has just 
as many advantages as the East. And it is a little younger, and spryer, and 
more eager, and more daring, and for that reason, rather leads in the march. 
We have said that the West wonders at nothing, and yet the world wonders at 
the West ! 

It is by comparison that we best mark progress. It will be interesting, and 
no doubt even amusing, a quarter of a century hence, to take, for example, the 
pages of this history, and, reading of Marshall County as it was, to note how 
old-fashioned and moderate were our estimates of its possibilities ; from the 
height of its achievement to look back to the level of its aspirations. Some 
may then speak of its early days with perhaps the half-pitying, half-charitable 
affection with which men speak of their youth. Yet there will never be a day 
when Marshall will not be proud of its youth — of that youth's mighty brawn, 
of its equal courage, of its efforts that would not be stinted, of its determina- 
tion that would not be balked. There will never be a day when the men who began 
the structure, and laid its foundations so strong and broad, will not be gratefully 
remembered by those who are at work on its towers and pinnacles, and adding 
the finishing beauty to its vastness. Had the pioneer been shiftless, and idle, 
and uncivilized, the generations that followed him would have been the same. 
But we are safe in hoping what we do when we remember from what seed the 
present has sprung. It is not arrogating all the greatness to To-day, but it is 
giving honor to Yesterday, when we boast of what is being done, and augur for 
the future still more remarkable achievements. It is because the root was 
sound that the plant has thriven and flowered so beautifully. Honor to the 
pioneer ! Honor to the good right arm that turned the fruitful furrow ! Honor 
to the patient ones who helped him to toil and build and endure ! 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 453 



WAR RECORD. 



When, on the 12th of April, 1861, the Southern rebels fired upon Fort 
Sumter, it found this vast North unarmed, untrained in the art of war, and in 
a state of such profound peace as to warrant the belief that hostilities could not 
be begun by those who had, since the foundation of this Union, boasted loudly 
of their loyalty to the Constitution of the United States. The rumors of dis- 
aftection that had alarmed the more watchful, had aroused but trifling fears in 
the breasts of the great mass of Northern citizens. War between the States 
had, prior to that time, been deemed an impossibility. The sentiments of fra- 
ternal unity were so deep-abiding in the hearts of the North that treason was 
regarded as an improbable crime, and overt acts of antagonism to the govern- 
ment too base in their intent to be worthy of serious consideration. 

But the hand of the aged Ruffian, as he laid the blazing torch upon the gun 
within Stevens' battery, lighted a flame which spread throughout the land with 
electric rapidity, and illumined the nation with a glare that revealed the truth 
of rebel threats. The boom of that first gun awakened the passive people 
to the dread reality of their position. From Maine to Oregon, from Su- 
perior to the Ohio, the country arose, as with a single impulse, to respond to 
the demands of the hour. There was no need of prompting them, no need of 
canvassing for strength, no hesitating as to measures, no thought of compromise. 
But one course could be pursued, and that the people comprehended as though 
inspired by some higher mentor. The Union must be preserved. Each indi- 
vidual member of society felt the urgent necessity of prompt and concerted 
action. Towns did not wait to hear tidings from sister towns ; each heard in 
the roar of brave old Sumter's guns a summons direct, imperative and irresistible, 
for aid in the defense of the nation's honor. Rivals in business and in politics 
grasped each other's hands and hurried forth, side by side, rivals no longer, save 
in their eagerness to enroll first their names upon the list of citizen-soldiery. 

Almost simultaneous with the news of the attack upon Sumter, came the 
call from President Lincoln for troops. In the remote towns and rural locali- 
ties, where telegraphic communication had not then penetrated, the appeal and 
the response were recorded at the same time. 

On the 15th of April, the President issued his call for 7 5,000 ninety-days troops. 
The State of Iowa was peculiarly fortunate in having as its Chief Executive Sam- 
uel J. Kirkwood, whose loyalty and unceasing devotion to the cause of the Union 
have embalmed his name forever in the annals of the State. Within thirty days 
after the President's demand was made public, Iowa had a regiment in the field. 

If it was within the province of this work to relate the story of Marshall's 
loyalty, the limits of this volume would be extended far beyond those anticipated 
by the publishers. Some future historian, we have no doubt, will find a fruit- 
ful topic in this record of war, and lay before the people of this county a narra- 
tive of unsurpassed interest. Surely the opportunity exists and awaits the 
patient labors of a competent writer. 

It is impossible here to relate more than the incidents peculiarly local in 
their character, to give a summary of the movements of the several regiments 
in Avhich Marshall County men were enrolled in the field, and to preserve the 
roster of those who formed the host which went forth to battle for the Union 
from the various townships within the limits of the county. 

The Times of July 16, 1861, says : " Thursday last, the 11th, was the 
time appointed for the departure of our military company for their rendezvous 
at Burlington. The evening before their departure, divine service was held at 



454 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

the Court House, which was attended by all the soldiers. The sermon was 
preached by the Rev. Mr. Truesdell. Four o'clock Thursday morning, was 
the time fixed upon for starting. At that hour, tlie drums were beat, bells 
rung and other noises made to arouse the drowsy inhabitants. Soon, nearly 
every man, woman and child in town was on the spot to say good-bye ; some to 
brothers, others to sons, and still. others to dear friends. All bore up nobly. 
We observed very little shedding of tears among the multitude, while the 
soldiers bore themselves manly throughout the trying scene. Everything being 
in readiness, the soldiers were soon on their way to Marengo. There they met 
the company from that town, who were awaiting the arrival of our boys that 
they might accompany each other to Burlington." 

In July, 1861, we begin to get letters from the boys in camp, though as yet 
none from the field. These letters show how novel a thing was soldiering to 
them, and sometimes how hard. The fare was often a source of much indigna- 
tion and annoyance, and the poorly supplied barracks were painfully in contrast 
to the comforts of home so lately left. Later, when the boys got to work in 
earnest, their letters had other things to talk about, and there is little doubt 
but that their preparatory experience was more trying than their actual hard 
service. At the very outset, however, there were efforts at home to relieve even 
their discomforts. Propositions were made to send them a '' box of good things, 
to show they were not forgotten," and to furnish blankets, since the government 
had not then had time to supply her soldiery any outfit. Of course, all these 
appeals were promptly and generously responded to by the mothers, wives and 
sweethearts that were left behind. 

From " Camp Warren," Burlington, July 26th, one sprightly soldier-boy 
writes to those at home of their experiences : 

" As for myself, I could not be hired to go back home ; neither could you, 
were you here. The Bowen Guards marched to the Mississippi this forenoon, 
to wash their clothes, and also themselves. You would laugh to see us washing, 
I know. We do not wash in the same manner as the ladies of Marshall do ; it 
doesn't take us all day to do a washing. This is the way we do it : We first dip 
them in the river, put on a little soap, rub them some, dry them, and they are 
ready for use. We don't use indigo, starch, washboards and such 'fixin's.' 
They're humbugs ! * * I'll tell you what I had to eat for supper : Fresh 
bread, bacon, coffee, sugar and slathers of apple sauce. We have all the apples 
we want. They're not very ripe, but they're tip top. Lon Rogers and myself 
went out yesterday, hunting rations, and we got all the apples and potatoes we 
could carry. We first ask for them, and if they refuse to give them to us, we bor- 
row them. I would give all the money I've got if the Marshall folks could be 
here to see and hear what a big time we have every evening from six to nine 
o'clock. Some are singing " Old Hundred," some " Dixie," '' Yankee Doodle." 
etc., some fiddling, some dancing, some running, some playing cards, some 
telling stories, some making war speeches, and, in fact, almost every perform- 
ance you ever heard or read of can be witnessed here every evening." And so, 
in light-hearted fashion, the amateur soldier runs on. This was but the froth 
on the cup that had suffering and death in its dregs. 

The Times of May li2, 1S61, asks: "What is the reason we cannot have 
a daily mail ? In these days of great war excitement, it is a shame that we are 
compelled to wait forty-eight hours for news. Let a petition be circulated for a 
daily mail from Marengo to this place. We see that the people along the line 
from Cedar Falls to Fort Dodge are making efforts to get a daily mail estab- 
lished. If they succeed, why not we? " 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 



455 



REGIMENTAL HISTORIES AND VOLUNTEER ROSTER. 

TAKEN PRINCIPALLY FROM ADJUTANT GENERAL'S REPORTS. 



.^BBieETri.i^Ti03srs. 



Adjt Adjutant 

Alt Artillery 

Bat Battle or Battalion 

Col Colonel 

Capt Captain 

Corp Corporal 

Comsy Commissary 

com..". commissioned 

cav cavalry 

captd captured 

desrtd deserted 

disab disabled 

disd discharged 

e enlisted 

excd exchanged 

inf infantry 

inv invalid 



I. V. I Iowa Volunteer Infantry 

kid killed 

Lieut Lieutenant 

Maj Major 

m. o mustered out 

prmtd promoted 

prisr.... prisoner 

Regt Regiment 

re-e re-enlisted 

res resigned 

Sergt Sergeant 

trans transferred 

vet... veteran 

V. R. C Veteran Reserve Corps 

vfd wounded 

hon. disd honorably discharged 



FIFTH INFANTRY. 

The regiment was mustered in at Burlington, July 15, 
ISi'l, and ordered to Keokuk August 2, from which point 
they were sent into Missouri for a few days in pursuit of 
bushwhackers, after which they were sent to St. Louis, 
and from thence ordered to Jefferson City, Mo., and from 
there to Boonville, Mo.; thence followed the rebel army 
under Price to Springfield, Mo., and on their return, en- 
camped at Syracuse until the following February, when 
they were moved across the country to St. Louis, and 
thence by transport to Cairo, where they lemained a few 
weeks and were transferred to Cape Girardeau They 
Vfere then marched to New Madrid, where they had a 
skirmish with the enemy. After the fill of New 
Madrid, they crossed the Mississippi and marched to 
Tiptonville to intercept and capture rebels, who were 
attempting lo escape from Island No. 10. They were 
then ordered back to New Madrid, thence to a point above 
Fort Pillow, on the Mississippi, thence by way of Cairo 
and the Tennessee River to Pittsburg Landing, to take 
part in the operations before Corinth. 

Upon the evacuation of Corinth, they followed the 
rebels to Rienzi,and afterward remained in camp at Clear 
Creek, Rienzi and Jacinto until Sept. 18, 1862, when they 
started for luka, where, on the 19th, they took part in 
the battle of luka, where Co. A went into a fight with 
43 men, and had 27 killed and wounded. It was here 
that the regiment distinguished itself, so that it was com- 
plimented very highly by the Generals commanding. 
The position they held was in support of a battery, which, 
in consequence of a superiority of numbers of the enemy, 
was at one time captured ; but rallying to the rescue, the 
Fifth Regiment retook the battery with the terrible loss 
above mentioned. They r-turned to Jacinto on the 21st 
of September, thence moved to Corinth to take part in the 
battle at that place. Engaged in the pursuit of the rebels 
after that battle, they remained in camp at Corinth until 
November, when they joined the expedition against 
Vicksburg, going by way of Holly Springs to Oxford, 
thence to Memphis, where they remained in camp until 
Spring of 18G3. 

From here they were ordered to Helena, thence in the 
Yazoo Pass expedition. After their return to Helena, 
they moved to Milliken's Bend, and through Louisiana 
to a point below Vicksburg, and thence by gunboat to a 
point below Grand Gulf, Miss. From here they were 
ordtred to Raymond and Jackson, and back to the battle 
of Champion Hills. 

After this, they engaged in the pursuit of the rebels to 
Vicksburg, and took part in the charge on the 22d of 
May. 

They then took their places in the siege of Vicksburg, 
where they remained until the last of June, when they 
were ordered to Black River, to confront the enemy com- 
ing to the relief of Vicksburg. 

They returned to Vicksburg July 1, and remained in 
camp until Sept. 1, when they were ordered to Helsna for 
liie purpose of joining the expedition against Little Rock, 
liut were from there ordered to Chattanooga by way of 



Corinth, marching a considerable portion of the distance 
They were then transferred to the Seventeenth Corps, and 
took part in the battle of Chickatnauga, where the regiment 
lost 30 men in killed and wounded, and 8 officers and 
76 men taken prisoners, leaving only 65 men in the regi- 
ment who answered at roll call that evening. They after- 
ward went down the river to Stevenson and Huntsville, 
Ala., where they remained all Winter. In April, 1864 
the veterans of the regiment went home on furloughs, 
and on their return were placed on the railroads to do 
guard duty, being most of the Summer at Kingston, Ga., 
They pursued the rebel Gen. Wheeler in the last raid to 
the rear of Sherman, in June, 1804, traveling during the 
time nearly nine hundred miles, and being three weeks 
without blankets or change of clothing. 

About the last of July, 1864, the non-veterans of the 
regiment were mustered out of service, leaving 180 men, 
who, on application to the War Department, were trans- 
ferred to Fifth Iowa Cavalry, leaving eleven officers with- 
out a command, who were mustered out of service Sept. 
28, 1864, at Gen. Kilpatrick's headquarters, fifteen miles 
south of Atlanta, Ga. 

Col. Jabez Baubury, com. 2d lieut. Co. D, July 15, 1861, 
prmtd. capt. Feb. 26, 1862, prmtd. July 14, '62, prmtd . 
col. April 23, 1863. 

Company B. 

Shelledy, James A., e. July 15, 1861, wd. in Miss. 

Company D. 

Capt. Wells S. Rice, com. July 15, 18C1, resd. Dec. 2, 1861. 
Capt. Obed Caswell, com. 2d lieut. July 15, 1861, prmtd. 

1st lieut. Feb. 26, 1802, prmtd. capt. July 14, 1862, resd. 

Jan. 15, 1863. 
Capt. John E. Page, e. as sergt. July 1, 1861, prmtd. 1st 

sergt. July 14, 1802, wd. at luka, prmtd. capt. Jan. 16, 

1803, captd. at Tunnell Hill Nov. 25, 1803, resd. April 

28,1865. 
First Lieut. Benj. Jervis, e. as sergt. July 1, 1861, prmtd. 

2d lieut. Feb. 3, 1862, wd. at luka, prmtd. 1st lieut. 

Jan. 29, 1863, resd. Aug. 7, 1863. 
First Lieut. Michael Hoffman, e. as sergt. July 1, 1861, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. Jan. 29, 1863, wd. at Champion Hills, 

prmtd. 1st lisut. Aug. 8, 1863, captd. at Tunnell Hill, 

Tenn. 
Sergt. Clarington Poynes, e. July 1, 1861. 
Sergt. Haman A. Jones, e. July 1, 1861, wd. at luka, disd. 

April 3, 1863, wds. 
Sergt. M. F. Anson, e. July 1, 1861. 

Sergt. E. L. Oviatt, e. July 1, 1861, captd. at Chattanooga. 
Corp. Wm. C. Hausafus, e. July 1, 1861, wd. at luka, disd. 

Nov. 14, 1863. 
Corp. F. M. Hooven, e, July 1, 1861, captd. at luka. 
Corp. Marshall Anson, e. July 1, 1861. 
Corp. M. V. B. Drum, e. July 1, 1861, died July 4, 1862, at 

Camp Springs, Miss. 
Corp. Andrew Nedler, e. July 1, 1861, captd. at Chatta- 
nooga. 



456 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 



Corp. Wffi. R. Brush, c. July 1, 1861, \vd. at luka, trans, 
to Inv. Corps Feb. 15, 18G4. 

Corp. Jas. Johnston, c. July 1, 1861, \vd. at luka. 

Corp. \Vm. H. Hurtman, e.' July 1, 1861, died Oct. 11, 1862, 
of wda. received at luku. 

Corp. Edwin Bissell, e. July 1, 1861, captd. at Chatta- 
uooj;a. 

Corp. Geo. F. Morey, e. July 1, 1861, dlsd. May 20, 1862, 
disab. 

Wagoner Watson Cunningham, e. July 1, 1861. 

Abbott, Washington, e. July 1, 1861, disd. July 24, 1862, 
disab. 

Allen, S., e. July 1, 1861, died July 2, 1862, at Farmington. 

Arnold, W. S., e. July 1, 1801. 

Bishop, F. M., e. July 1, 1801. 

Blaney, 0. S., e. July 1, 1861 

Brush, Wni. K.. e. July 1, 1861. 

Bntddy, Caleb, e. July 1, 1861, disd. July 26, 1862, disab. 

Canfield, A. X., e. Juiv 1, 1861. 

Carter, M., e. July 1, 18G1. 

Cornish, A., .•. July 1, 1861. 

Dancer, Vincent, e. July 1, 1861. 

Deeter, A., e. July 1, 1862. 

Decker, L., e. July 1, 1801, prmtd. Corp., captd. at Chatta- 
nooga. 

Detrick, Jos., e, July 1, 1861. 

Denboa, B. C. H., e. July 1, 1861, disd. July 8, 1862. 

Deising, Chas., e. July 1, 1861, trans, to Inv. Corps. Feb. 
15, 1804. 

Eakins, Geo. P., e. July 1, 18G1. 

Eagan, C. J., e. July 1, 1861. 

Ferguson, George B., e. July 1, 1861, disd. April 12, 1862, 
disab. 

Franklin, Thos. A., e. July 1, 1861, died Nov. 19, 1861. 

Card, C, e. July 1, 1861, \vd. at Champicjn Hills, disd. Dec. 
22, 1863. 

Hoffman, Samuel, e. July 1, 1861. 

Hughes, E. H., e. July 1, 1861, died Nov. 28, 1862, at Syra- 
cuse, Mo. 

Hocket, S. B., e. July 1, 1861. 

Hayes, S., u. July 1, 1861, died Nov. 24, 1863, in Syca- 
more, Mo. 

Jones, H. A., e. July 1, 1861. 

King, W. F., e. July 1, 1861, died April 8, 1862. 

Kings, W., e. July 1,1801. 

Lantis, G., e. July 1, 1861, died Jan. 14, 1862, at Mo. 

Lorr.m, W. J., e. July 1, 1861, died March 31, 18G2. 

>hirshall, J. H., e. July 1, 1801, wd. at Champion Hills. 

Miller, John, e. July 1, 1861, ^vd. at Champion Hills, 
captd. at Chattiinooga. 

Mills, S. S., e. July 1, 1801, wd.at luka. 

McNutt, Wni., 0. July 1, 1801. 

Mills, N., e. July 1, 1801, died. Nov. 14, 1802, disab. 

Mathers, J. O., e. July 1, 1861. 

Niles, A. B., e. July 1, 1801, wd. at luka. 

Oswald, Jacob, e. July 1, 1861, kid. in bat. of luka. 

I'arett, W. B., e. July 1, 1861, wd. at luka, disd. Jan. 7, 
1803, disab. 

I'hillips, R. S., e. July 1, 1861. 

Phillips, Auioa, e. July 1, 1801. 

Poynes, C, e. July 1, 1801, prmtd. corp. 

Reynolds, Jas., e. July 1, 1801, wd. at luka. 

Rogers, A., e. July 1, 1861, captd. at Chattanooga. 

Rogers, Geo., e. July 1, 1861, captd. at Madison Sta- 
tion, Ala. 

Sawyer, A., e. July 1. 1801, died. Oct. 14, 1802, disab. 

Sipe, Jacob, e. July 1, IHOl, wd. at luka. 

Smith, C, c. July 1, 1801, captd. at Chatt^inooga. 

Snyder, B. F., e. July 1, 1861, died. Nov. 25, 1862, for gun- 
shot wd. 

Starry, Benjamin, e. July 1, 1861, died at St. Louis Dec. 
28, 1801. 

Stallings, S., e. July 1, 1861. 

Strong, F. E., e. July 1, 1861, wd. at luka. 

Wescott, C. A., e. July 1, 1861. 

Williams, S. W., c. July 1,1801, wd. at luka. 

Wes<X)tt, Riley, e. July 1, 1861, captd. at Chattanooga. 

Williams, T. C, e. July 1, 1801, disd. Sept. 5, 1802. 

Wright, R. N., e. July 1, 1861, disd. Aug. 10, 1802. 

Woodward, Win., e. July 1, 1861, wd. at luka, died Jan. 
26, 1863. 

Company C. 

Daniel, Conners, e, Feb. 26, lf*02. 

EIGHTH INFANTRY. 
Company A. 

Edminster, W. L., e. March 24, 1864. 



Company B. 

Coats, David, e. Sept. 17, 1861, captd. at Shiloh, disd. Aug. 

10, 1862. 
Downing, C. A., e. Sept. 13, 1861, disd. June 14, 1862,^ 

disab. 
Fi-ayer, J. B., e. Sept. 13, 1861, captd. at Shiloh. 
Hartwell, U. E., e. Aug. 15, 1861, died Nov. 8, 1861, at 

Springfield, Mo. 
Hughs, R. H., e. Sept. 17, 1801, captd. at Shiloh, died at 

Memphis. 
Ives, Owen, e. Sept. 13, 1861, captd. at Shiloh. 
Kelly, Z. W., e. Sept. 12, 1861, kid. at Shiloh April 6, '62. 
Lockwood, W. B., e. Sept. 17, 1801, wd. at Shiloh, died 

Jan. 16, 1863. 
Millis, Lott, (^ Sept. 15, 180!, disd. March 27, 1862, disab. 
Millis, Wm., e. Sept. 15, 1861. 
Murray, Rudolph, e. Sept. 15, 1801, wd. at Shiloh, kid. at 

bat. Corinth Oct. 4, 1862. 
Selder, Robert, e. Sept. 17, 1861, captd. at Shiloh. 
Williams, B. H., e. Sept. 15, 1801, disd. Dec. 26, 1861. 

Company C. 

Caughey, Homer, e. Aug. 10, 1861, disd. May 20, 1862, 

disab. 
Maxwell, Thos. W., e. Maicli ,30, 1804, disd. 

Company D. 

Edwards, Chas. F., e. Nov. 21, 1864. 
Lance, H. A., e. March 22, 1864. 
Knapp, Thos. J., e. March 28, 1864. 

Company E. 

Anderson, C, e. March 2ii, 1864. 

Company F. 

Beck, Matthias, e. :March 31, 18G4. 
Engeldinger, Peter, e. March 31, 1864. 
Hahn, V., e. March 31, 1804. 
Lumback, Jacob, e. March 31, 1864. 
White, B. n., e. March 31, 1864. 

Company C. 

Sears, Levi B., e. .\iiril 24, 1.^04. 
Williams, Wimnier, e. April 25, 1864. 

ELEVENTH INFANTRY. 

Enlisted in October, 1801, and went to St. Louis the No- 
vember following. They spent the Winter in the inte- 
rior of Missouri, doing valuable service in capturing 
rebels and'euppliesof horses, food and ammunition. 

In March, 1802, the regiment moved to Tennessee, and 
took an active part in the battle of Shiloh, having forty- 
five killed, including those who died of wouiuIh after- 
ward, and 180 wounded. Gen. McOlernand, command- 
ing the division, spoke in his official dispatch in th» 
highest terms of the conduct of the regiment in that 
action. The Spring and Summer fallowing were spent in 
the siege of Corinth and occupiitiini nf Uolivar. 

The Eleventh was in Gon. Urd's column at luka, and 
at the second battle of Corinth, taking part in the pursuit 
of Price and Van Dorn to Ripley, immediately there- 
after. 

At the famous assault on Vicksburg, May 22, 1803, the 
Eleventh, with other regiments of the brigade, took 
active part. On this memorable occa-sion, Maj. Foster, of 
this regiment, who was in command of the skirmishers, 
received lavonible commendation from superior officers 
for the many deeds of valor displayed by the brave boys 
under his rommand. 

From Vicksburg, the regiment went to Mechanicsvillo, 
Miss. ; thence to Snyder's Bluff, May 31, 1863, Avhere they 
remained until June4th. They were then ordered back 
to Vicksburg, where they stayed till the 23d of the same 
month, when they were removed to Fox I'lantatinn, 
Mis". ; thence to .Jackson; thence to Black River Bridge, 
July 13th. Two days later, they went to Clinton, Miss. ; 
thence returned to Black River Bridge, and back once 
more to Vicksburg, July 28th, remaining until the 21st 
of August, when they moved to Blonroe, La.; thence to 
Bayou Macon, and back again to Vicksburg, where they 
remained most of the time until February 18, 1864, when 
they went to Meridian, Miss. ; thence to Canton, March 
1, and back to Vicksburg, where they remained until 
March 13th. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 



457 



From Vicksbuig the regiment came to Davenport, on 
Yeteran furlough, and remained from March 22, 1864, to 
April 25th, when, once more shouldering their guns, they 
started for the scene of strife, and, going by the way of 
Cairo, III., Faducah, Ky., Clifton, Tenn., and Huntsville, 
Ala., arriving at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 10, 1864, 
and were before Atlanta from July 17th to August 25th ; 
from there moved to East Point, Ga., September 9, 1864, 
and were mustered out of service at Louisville, Ky., July 
15, 1865, and disbanded at Davenport. 

Company A. 

Kellogg, F. M., e. Sept. 2, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1804. 

Company B. 

Capt. Benj. F. Rose, e. as private Sept. 17, 1861, prmtd. 

capt. Aug. 30, 1803, missing in action at Atlanta July 

22, 1804, m. o. March 27, 1865. 
First Lieut. Wm. H. Weatherby, com. Oct. 1, 1861, wd. in 

battle of Corinth, resd. Feb. IS, 1803. 
First Lieut. Ira Pfoutz, e. as corp. Sept. 15, 1861, prmtd. 

to 1st lieut. Sept. 19, 1863, wd. near Atlanta, disd. 

Oct. 7, 1864, disab. 
Second Lieut. Philip D. Beaty, com. Oct. 1, 1861, resd. 

Dec, 1861. 
Sergt. Jas. Denbow, e. Sept. 24, 1861, disd. March 3, 1863. 
Corp. J. S. Deeter, e. Sept. 18, 1861. 
Corp. S. Mooney, e. Sept. 12, 1861. 
Musician John K. Stough, e. Sept. 12, 1S61. 
Bennett, J., e. Feb. 29, 1864, captd. at Atlanta. 
Brockway, S. S., e. Sept. 20, 1861, wd. at Shiloh. 
Blundon, E., e. Sept. 17, 1861, wd. at Shiloh. 
Blundon, John W., e. Sept. 17, 1801. 
Conway, L. N., e. Sept. 18, 1861, wd. near Atlanta. 
Cardiff, John W., e. Sept. 16, 1801. 
Clark, John, e. Sept. 5, 1861, died Feb. 23, 1863, at Lake 

Providence, La. 
Cliflbrd, Wm. H., e. Sept. 16, 1861. 
Cox, J. F., e. Sept. 5, 1862. 
Dale, David, e. Sept. 16, 1861, wd. at Shiloh. 
Davis, R. M., e. Sept. 5, 1862. 
Denton, Martin, e. Sept. 19, 18G1, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Estep, John H., e. Sept. 5, 1862. 
Estep, T. C, e. March 31, 1864. 

Fairman, John A., e. Sept. 12, 1861, died May 19, 1862. 
Gard, David, e. Sept. 18, 1861, disd. Feb. 20, 1863. 
Garwood, Addison, e. Sept. 12, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, trans. 

to Inv. Corps, Feb. 15, 1864. 
Hnmlong, F., e. March 31, 1864. 

Holcomb, William D., e. Sept. 12, 1861, died Jan. 4, 1862. 
Hockett, Joseph L., e. Sept. 12, 1861, wd. near Kenesaw 

Jlountain. 
Hobart, John H., e. Sept. 16, 1861, captd. near Atlanta. 
Hastings, Joseph B., e. Sept. 16, 1861, vet. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Hobbs, A. W.. e. Sept. 16, 1861, disd. April 10, 1863, died 

April 25, 1863, at St. Louis. 
Hedrick, S. L., e. Sept. 18, 1861. 
Hammond, C. W., e. Sept. 16, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, Corinth, 

and near Atlanta, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Jessup, Joseph B., e. Sept. 16, 1861, died Jan. 22, 1862. 
Knapp, Nathan, e. Sept. 16, 1861. 
King, Joseph, e. Sept. 12, 1861. 
Letner, Wm. B., e. Sept. 5, 1862. 
Laplant, Joseph L., e. Sept. 12, 1861. 
Laplant, L. J., e. Sept. 15, 1861. 
.flyers, Wm. H., e. Sept. 5, 1862, kid. at Atlanta. 
McCombs, Jno. A., e. Sept. 15. 1861. 
Meyers, Jiis. C. e. Sept. 15, 1861 , vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Millen, Geo. W., e. Sept. 16, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, disd. 

June 27, 1865. 
Millen, Wm., e. Sept. 16, 1861. 
Marsh, Jas., e. Sept. 16, 1861, wd. at Shiloh. 
drr, John, e. Sept. 16, 1861. 

Perry, Peter, e. Sept. 16, 1861, disd. Feb. 3, 1864, disab. 
Kockhill, D. D., e. Sept. 12, 1861, disd. Oct. 21, 1862, disab. 
Richard, Jos., e. Sept. 19, 1861, captd. at Atlanta. 
Rutan, John, e. Sept. 16, 1861, kid. near Atlanta. 
Stough, Henry, e. Sept. 12, 1861. 
Stevens, Austin, e. Sept. 24, 1861. 
Southwick, A. H., e. Sept. 12, 1861. 
Shafer, David, e. Sept. 24, 1861, wd at Shiloh. 
Smith, Thos. C, e. Sept. 17, 1861, wd. at Shiloh. 
Voris, M'm. W., e. Sept. 16, 1861. 
Weitzell, Jacobs, e. Sept. 17,1861. 

Company H. 

Coleman, David, e. March 28. 1804, died in Atlanta. 
Insley, Jos., e. March 31, 1861, died Dec. 3, 1863. 



Joy, Henry M., e. March 31, 1864. 
Tewksbury, C. E., March 28,1864. 
Stewart, Geo. W., e. March 28, 1864. 
Winchel, H., e. March 29, 1864. 

Company K, 

Printz, Isaac, e. Sept. 11, 1801, died at Vicksburg. 
Rogers, Wm., o. Sept. 20, ]8(il, died in Chicago Sept. 
18, 1863. 

UNASSIGNED. 

Johnson, Jno. C, e. March '23, 1864. 
Sparks, Jason C , e. March 31, 1864. 
Snyder, S. S., e. March 30, 1864. 



THIRTEENTH INFANTRY. 

was recruited under the President's proclamation of July 
22, 1861, and rendezvoused at Camp McClellan, near Dav- 
enport. There were 989 men on the rolls. Maj. Bl. M. 
Crocker, of the Second Regiment, was commissioned 
Colonel. From November 20th to Deceniberllth, the regi- 
ment remained at Benton Barracks, and was assigned to 
garrison duty at Jefferson City during the Winter. In 
March, Col. Crocker received orders to report to Gen. 
Grant ; and on the 8th of that month, 1862, the reg- 
iment left, by railroad, for St. Louis, where it embarked for 
Pittsburg Landing, arriving on the 23d. Col. Crocker re- 
ported to Gen. McClernand, commanding First Division, 
and with the Eleventh Iowa and Eighth and Eighteenth 
Illinois, constituted the First Brigade, under Col. Richard 
Oglesby. At Shiloh, on the tirst day, it was under fire 
for ten consecutive hours, and gallantly sustained the 
reputation of Iowa troops. On that day, Lieut, fol. 
Price and Major Shane were wounded, and the regiment 
lost 24 killed', 139 wounded and 9 missing. A few days 
after the battle of Shiloh the army was re-organized, and 
the Thirteenth was placed in the Sixth Division, and 
attached to the Third Brigade, composed of the Eleventh, 
Thirteenth, Fifteenth and Sixteenth Iowa Regiments, 
Col. M. M. Crocker commanding, soon becoming known 
as the "Iowa Brigade." About this time, Lieut. Col. 
Price resigned, Maj. Shane was promoted to be Lieutenant 
Colonel, and Capt. G. M. Van Hosen became Major. The 
command participated in the siege of Corinth, and became 
a pai t of the garrison at that place when evacuated by 
the rebel forces. 

After remaining at Corinth two months, the regiment 
marched to Bolivar, Tenn., to look after the enemy, but 
returned to Corinth September 12th. 

Its next movement was under Gen. Ord, in a march on 
luka, and returned to Corinth about the 1st of October, 
where it was engaged on the 3d and 4th ; but although 
under heavy artillery fire for some time, its losses were 
light. On iSunday morning, October 5th, the command 
joined in pursuit of the rebels, which was continued to 
Ripley. On its return, the regiment reached Corinth 
October 11th, where it remained three weeks, when it 
joined in the campaign, under Gen. Grant, against Vicks- 
burg, via Holly Springs and Granada. It reached " Yo- 
cana" Creek, when. Holly Springs having been lost, the 
army countermarched to the frontier of Tennessee, and 
arrived at Memphis Jan. 13, 1863. On the 20th, it em- 
barked on steamers, moving down the river to Duckport, 
La.; but, without disembarking, returned to Milliken's 
Bend, where it remained a fortnight. It then moved to 
Providence and went into camp for two months, working 
much of the time on the Lake Providence Canal. While 
here the army was re-organized, and the Thirteenth 
became a jiart of the First Division, Seventeenth Corps, 
observation, Gen. McPherson commanding. Shortly after. 
Col. Crocker was promoted to be a Brigadier General, 
when Lieut. Col. Shane was commissioned Colonel of the 
regiment. 

In August, it was engaged with a portion of the navy 
in wrecking and dismantling gunboats that had been 
sunk by rebel torpedoes in Yazoo River. It also par- 
ticipated in a campaign against Monroe, L i., under Gen. 
Stevenson. September .3d, it went into quarters at Vicks- 
burg, where it remained four months. From February 4 
to March 4,1804, it was with the forces under Gen. Sher- 
man in the famous raid on Meridian. On its return from 
this raid, most of the men having re-enlisted, it was 
declared a veteran organization, and officers and men 
were given " thirty days in their own State," and were 
homeward bound on the 7th of March. 

April 16th, they were off to the wars again, arriving at 
Huntsville, Ala., May 20th, thence to Ackworth, Ga., 
joining Sherman's army on the 8th of June. Its first 



458 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 



battle in the Atlanta campaign was at Kenesaw Moun- 
tain, and was almost continuously under fire until July 
2uth, when it took position before Atlanta, three miles 
away. On the 2l8t, the Iowa Brigade, under Col. Shane, 
lo»t"226 men in Iwenty-seven minutes, in a splendid 
assiiult on a rebel fort. Again engaged on the 22d, and 
suffered severely. On the 28th, giiUiintly fought, having 
been ordered to reinforce a portion of the line hard 
pressed by the enemy. 

It participated in Sherman's famous march to the 
sea, and a portion of the regiment, under Lieut. Col. 
Kennedy, entered Columbia and hoisted the Stars and 
Stripes on the rebel capitol. 

The Thirteenth, after a long and honorable career, was 
mustered out. paid off and disbanded at Davenport, Iowa, 
July 28 and 29, 1865. 

Maj. Thos. P. Marshall, com. aipt. Co. H, Nov. 2, 1861, 
pnntd. maj. July 23, 1864, wd. near Atlanta, resd. 
April 6, 186.5. 

Company A. 

Parsons, D. M., e. March 3n, lsi;4, wd. near Atlanta. 

Company C. 

Sergt. Geo. H. Ruple. e. Sfpt. 28, 1862. vet. March 10, '64. 
Ellis, A., e. March 26. 1864, wd. near Atlanta. 
Ragsdale, Jas. W., e. Jlarch 29, 1864, wd. near Atlanta. 
Richards, Jno. A., e. Blarch 29, '64, died at Alexandria, Va. 
Spencer, William, e. March 26, 1864. 
Wilson, John, e. March 29, 1864 

Company D. 

Sergt. Robt. F. Lowe, e. Oct. 10, 1861, vet. March 26, 1864, 

died at Big Shanty, Ga. 
Breon, Jos., e. March 31, 1864. 
Emery, Jno. L., e. March 31, 18()4. 
Ferraud, F., e. March 26, 1864. 

McGrew, Alex., e. Blarch 22, 1864, wd. near Atlanta. 
Reed, E. C, e. March 31, 1864, wd. 
Small, Wni. R , e. March 30, lsr,4, died at Rome, Ga. 

Company H. 

Capt. Chas. H. Haskin, e. as sergt. Oct. 1, 1861, prmtd. 2d 

lieut. April 23, 1863, wd. near Atlanta, prmtd. capt. 

July 23, 1864. 
First Lieut. Elliott Shurtz, com. Nov. 2, 1861, wd. at Shi- 

loh, resd. Sept. 16, 1862. 
First Lieut. Murrill P. Bush, e. as sergt. Oct. 15, 1861, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. July 2:i, 1864, prmtd. 1st lieut. Aug. 

21, 1864. 
Second Lieut. Geo. S. Hampton, Jr., -com. Dec. 20, 1861, 

wd. at Shiloh, capt. and A. A. G., U. S. V., Feb. 

27, 1863. 
Sergt. Herman P. Williams, e. Oct. 1, 1864, disd. June 

12, 1862. 
Sergt. Chas. M. Haskins, e. Oct. 1,1SGI. 
Sergt. Calvin Young, e. Oct. 1, 1861, wd. near Atlanta, 

trans, to V. R. C. 
Sergt. Z. L. Bartlett, e. Oct. 15, 1861, died at Jackson, 

Miss. 
Sergt. S. P. Wolston, e. Oct. 12, 1861, captd. near Atlanta, 

died at Andersonville. 
Corp. C. Van Voorhies, e. Oct 12, 1801, kid. in battle at 

Shiloh. 
Corp. H. V. Wllley, e. Oct. 9, 1861, kid. in battle at 

Shiloh. 
Corp. D. H. Sims, e. Oct. 1, 1862, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, trans. 

for promotion in colored regiment. 
Corp. John H. Jarvis, e. Oct. 2, 1861, kid. at Shiloh. 
Corp. J. C. Holcomb, e. Oct. 1. 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Musician Solomon Miller, e. Oct. 2, 1861. 
Allman, David, e. Dec. 7, 1863. 
Archard, J. B., e. Oct. 31, 1864. 
Bardon, Geo. W., e. Oct. 1, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, wd.near 

Atlanta. 
Brockitt, C. \., e. March 31, 1864. 
Cleaver, K , e, Oct. 11, 1861. wd. at Shiloh, vet. Jan. 1, 

1864, wd. near Atlanta. 
Clark, James, e. Oct. 27, 1864. 
Canfield, F., e. Oct. 1, 1861. 

Cooder, C. R., e. Oct. 11, 1861, disd. Aug. 28,1862. 
Ferguson, Wm. W., e. March 29, 18ii4. 
Ferguson, David B., e. Oct. 1, 1861, died Jan. 30, 1862. 
Forbes, Geo. W., e. Ndv. 3(J, 1863, wd. near Atlanta, disd. 

Oct. 27, 1864, wds. 
Foy, N. C, e. Oct. 9, 1861, wd. at Shiloh and near At- 
lanta. 



Forrey, D. B., e. Oct. 1, 1861, vet. Dec. 15, 1864. 

Gard, F. M., e. Jan. 4, 1864, captd. near Atlanta. 

Gage, L. S., e. Oct. 1, 1861. 

Gillespie, Joseph F., e. Oct. 1, 1861, disd. Feb. 8, 1862, 

disab. 
Hambling, D. L., e. Jan. 31, 1864. 
Hogle, Henry P., e. Oct. 1, 1861, died July 19, 1864, at 

Corinth. 
Johnson, Joseph, e. Oct. 1, 1861, disd. Oct. 27, 1862. 
Kennedy, James, e. Oct. 1, 1861, disd. Feb. 22, 1862, 

disub. 
Keller, Jacob, e. Oct. 11, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, captd. 

near Atlanta. 
McCain, William H.. e. Oct. 1, 1861, wd. near Atlanta. 
McCain, A. B., e. October 1, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, disd. 

Feb. 11, 1863. 
Marshall, William R., e. Dec. 9, 1863, disd. July 8, 1864, 

disab. 
Murphey, Charles, e. Oct. 1, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Miller, Levi, e. Oct. 8, 1861, trans, to Inv. Corps Nov. 

20, 1863. 
Moore, E. S., e. Oct. 1, 1861. 
Miller, Albert, e. Oct. 1, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Mitchell, James, e. Oct. 12, 1861, wd. near Atlanta. 
Mulvehill, M., e. Oct. 1, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, wd. at 

Kenesaw Mt. 
Mahoney, P. H., e. Oct. 1, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, disd. Sept. 

4, 1862, disab. 
Nettle, John BI., e. Oct. 1, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, vet. Jan. 1, 

1864, kid. near Atlanta. 
Nichodi-mus, P. H., e. Oct. 1, 1861. 

Noel, Samuel F., e. Oct. 1, 1861, disd. Feb. 6, 1862, disab. 
Norman, H. W., e. Oct. 15, 1861. 
Powell, Isaac C, e. Oct. 15, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, kid. 

near Atlanta. 
Ravcroft, F., e. Oct. 9, 1862, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Rickey, J. N., e. Oct. 11, 1861, disd. March 6, 1863, disab. 
Statler, A. H., vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Sims, J. R. W., e. Oct. 2, 1861, disd. June 9, 1862. 
Scroggins, A., e. March 30, 1 864. 
Smith, James M., e. Oct. 1, 1861, died Dec. 23, 1861, at 

St. Louis. 
Smith, Edwin, e. Oct. 1, 1861, vet. Dec. 15,1863. 
Stone, J. F., e. Oct. 1, 1861, disd. Feb. 28, 1863. 
Snell, Wm., e. Oct. 7, 1861, died Jan. 10, 1862. 
Sexton, Patrick, e. Oct. 1, 1861, disd. Jan. 1, 1864, disab. 
Vanpelt. T. J., e. Oct. 1, 1861. 
Wilson, Wm. G.,e. Oct. 1, 1861. 
Warner, A., e. Dec. 9, 1863. 
Wilson, Douglas, e. Oct. 1, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
AVarner, T., e. Dec. 9, 1863. 
Wheeler, James M., e. Oct. 14, 1861, disd. Jan. 15, 1863 

disab. 
Woodard, Miram, e. Oct. 1, 1861, trans, to Inv. Corps 

April lu, 1864. 
Young, C. H., vet. Feb. 15, 1864. 

Company I. 

Wiley, Hamilton L., e. March 18, 1864. 

UNKNOWN. 

Backer, Stewart, e. Oct. 26,1864. 
Barns, 0. V., e. March 31, 1864. 
Cox, Wm. B., e. Oct. 26, 1864. 
Clark, E. J., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Chapin, D. L., e. Jan. 16, 1864. 
Carter, Wm. A., e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Douthit, F. J., e. Jan. 16, 1864. 
Detrick, Jesse, e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Evans, Samuel L., e. March 15, 1864. 
Fraley, S. W., e. Jan. 18, 1864. 
Fraley, John D., e. Feb. 22, 1864. 
Garwood, J., e. Oct. 31, 1864. 
Haywood, Jua., e. Nov. 2, 1864. 
Havens, H. C, e. Jan. 18, 1864. 
Ingram, David, e. Oct. 26, 1864. 
Joens, N. S., e. Oct. 27, 1864. 
Kessinger, H., e. Oct. 27, 1864. 
Kanson, Samuel, e. Oct. 27, 1864. 
Lacy, John W., e. Nov. 2, 1864. 
Lockwood, Frank, e. Jan. 2, 1864. 
Monson, Hans, e. Oct. 26, 1864. 
Mitchell, Jas., e. March 22, 1864. 
Myers, Henry, e. Dec. 14, 1863. 
Myers, William, e. Dec. 24, 1863. 
Nicholas, Jas. H., e. Oct. 26, 1864. 
Pease, Saniuef E., e. Oct. 26, 1864. 
Price, C. W., e. Oct. 26, 1864. 
Rickey, David, e. Jan. 5, 1864. 



H [STORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 



459 



Hiley, Eeuben F., e. March 23, 1864. 
Bunyan, H. A., e. Feb. 17, 1864. 
Biinyan, Jno. D., e. Feb. 3, 1864. 
Sanderson, L. W., e. Nov. 1, 1864. 
Shinkle, Cbas. W., e. Oct. 26, 1864. 
Simpson, Jno. W., e. Oct. 27, 1864. 
Abbott, Harvey, e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Blow, Jos. P., e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Chorn, S., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Ford, C, e, Jan. 5, 1864. 
Glass. B. F., e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Merritt, Lemuel, e. Dec. 29, 1864. 
Smith, Clark, e. Jan. 9, 1864. 
Stewart, A., e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Thompson, J., e. Dec. 28, 1864. 
Thorn, E. F., e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Wellington, D., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Thomas, Lewis W., e Oct. 26, 1864. 
Tuffue, Francis, e. Oct. 26, 1864. 
Thornton, Daniel, e. Oct. 27, 1864. 
Van Pelt, Voorhies. e. Oct. 27, 1864. 
Woodward James M., e. Oct. 31, 1864. 
Williams, Innig, e. Oct. 27, 1864. 
Wickersham, S. T., e. Dec. 29, 1864. 
Zufell, Jacob, e. Oct. 27, 1864. 



TWENTi^-THIRD INFANTRY. 

Company K was from JIarshall County. This company 
was enlisted in a few days, about the middle of August, 
1862. The regiment was mustered into the United States' 
service September 1(), 1862. Went into barracks at Des 
Moines; from there to Keokuk, and thence to Schofleld 
Barracks, at St. Louis. 

The first orders received were to send the regiment to 
Pilot Knob, or Iron Mountain, Mo. A temporary camp 
was there made. The next move was to Camp Patterson. 
The regiment was ordered off on a trip through Missouri, 
to the southwestern part of the State, and thence was at- 
tached to the Department of the Gulf. Participated in 
the Vicksburg campaign, and was engaged in the battles 
of Port Gibson, Black River Bridge, Champion Hills, 
Vicksburg, Jackscn and Milliken's Bend. 

At the close of this campaign, the regiment went up 
Ked River, where numerous skirmishes were had. It 
then went to Fort Esperenza, Texas, and afterward took 
part in the battle at Fort Blakely, while approaching 
Mobile. After the surrender of that city, the regiment 
entered it, but soon departed for Texas, going to Galves- 
ton and Houston. From there it went to Brownsville, 
on the Colorado River, Texas, and was there when the 
war ended. 

The regiment was mustered out at Davenport. It was 
distinguished for its brave conduct in the numerous en- 
gagements in which it participated. 

Company A. 

Barton, Thomas F., e. Aug. 11, 1862. 

Company B. 

McLaughlin, George W., e. Aug. '21, 1862, wd. at Port Gib- 
son, disd. June 25, 1864. 

Company K. 

Capt. Frederick J. Woodbury, com. Sept. 19, 1862, resd. 

Oct. 2(1, 1863. 
Capt. John McGowen, e. as sergt. Aug. 12, 1862, prmtd. to 

capt. Jan. 20, 1864. 
First Lieut. N. Sanford Howard, com. Sept. 19, 1862, resd. 

April 11, 1863. 
First Lieut. Charles C. Carleton, e. as sergt. Aug. 14, '62, 

prmtd. to 2d lieut. March 24, 1863, prmtd. to 1st lieut. 

April 12, 1863, resd. Jan. 19, 1864. 
First Lieut. Henry C. Wilson, e. as sergt. Aug. 7, 1862, 

prmtd. to 2d lieut. April 12, 1863, prmtd. to 1st lieut. 

.Ian. 20, 1863. 
Second Lieut. George W. Raff, com. Aug. 30, 1862, resd. 

March 23, 1863. 
Sergt. James M. Hanks, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Feb. 17. 

1863, disab. 
Sergt. William H. Lindsay, e. Aug. 8, 1862. 
Sergt. James H. Huntsdon, e. Aug. 11, 1862, died at Du- 

vall's Bluff, Ark. 
Corp. Daniel Worrell, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at Young's 

Point, La. 
Corp. Solomon Hendee, e. Aug. 6, 1862, died at Milliken's 

Bend. 



Corp. M. L. Parrett, e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. Feb. 14, 1863, 

disab. 
Corp. George E. Culver, e. Aug. 5, 1862, wd. at Black River 

Bridge, died July 1, 1863. 
Corp. E. L. Thayer, e. Aug. 5, 1862. 
Corp. J. L. Honberger, e. Aug. 9, 1862, kid. at Milliken's 

Bend. 
Corp. George L. Sawyer, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Corp. C. P. JlcCord, e. Aug. 14, 1862, wd. at Black River 

Bridge, disd. Aug. 13, 1863, disab. 
Corp. J. W. Bertz, e. Aug. 2, 1862, disd. April 29, 1864, 

disab. 
Corp. Charles Monlux, e. Aug. 8, 1862. 
Musician John W. Hart, e Aug. 20, 1862. 
Musician T. C. Small, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Wagoner A. McKimpson, e. Aug. 11, 1862, died at Milli- 
ken's Bend. 
Adair, William, e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps Jan. 

15, 1864. 
Burns, Henry, e. Aug. 15, 1862, kid. at Port Gibson, Miss. 
Brown, Thomas S., e. Aug. 9, 1862, died Sept. 9, 1863, at 

St. Louis. 
Billman, John, e. Aug. 12, 1862, died Dec. 28, 1863, at 

Keokuk. 
Billman, H. A., e. Aug. 9, 1862, wd. and died at Milliken's 

Bend. 
Benson, I. S., e. Aug. 12, 1862, kid. at Black River Bridge. 
Brockett, William H., e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Barbee, M., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died at Vicksburg. 
Crosby, A. E., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 

Connelly, H. C, e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps. 
Colson, James H., e. Aug. 12, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corp.s 

Dec. 15, 1863. 
Dent, Robert D., e. Aug. 11, 1862, kid. at Milliken's Bend. 
Downs, E. W., e. Aug. 12, 1802. 

Davis, John L., e. Aug. 11, 1862, died at Milliken's Bend. 
Eakins, James L., e. Aug. 9, 1862, wd. 
Eakins, John A., e. Aug. 14, 1862, kid. at Black River 

Bridge. 
Ewary, John, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 

Filkins. H. B., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died at Milliken's Bend. 
Grewell, A. B., e. Aug. 13, 1862 
Hotchkiss, Orson, e. Aug. 8, 1862, disd. April 17, 1863, 

disab. 
Hotchkiss, 0. L., e. Aug. 8, 1862. 
Ham, James H., e. Aug. 11, 1862. 

Hand, H., e. Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps Jan. 15, '64. 
Hand, C, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
Hubbard, H., e. Aug. 1], 1862, wd. at Port Gibson, disd. 

Sept. 22, 1864, disab. 
Hoile, James, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at Morganzia, La. 
Hunt, I. T., e. Aug, 11, 1862, died Sept. 8, 1863, at St. 

Louis. 
Harrison, David, e/Aug. 14, 1862. 
Hall. Samuel, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at Marshall Countv 

Sept. 28, 1863. 
Hayne, Geo. W., e. Aug. 8, 1862. 
Hall, John, e. Aug. 1, 1862. 
Inman, David, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Johnson, Wm. A., e. Aug. 7, 1862, kid. at Black River 

Bridge. 
Leech, Thos. H., e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at Vicksburg. 
Mack, E. D., e. Aug. 6, 1862. 

Mack, M. H., e. Aug. 6, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corps. 
Meech, Abel, e. April 11, 1862, disd. April 11, 1864, disab. 
Miskimins, Jos. H., e. April 14, 1862. 
Nicholls, F. R., e. Av)g. 5. 1862, disd. May 27, 1865, disab. 
Nelson, Daniel, e. Aug. 9. 1862. 
Neenan, Patrick, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
Norton, W., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Poynes, John M., e. Aug. 11. 1862, disd. Feb. 21, 1863 

disab. 
Price, Wm. 0., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Peril), David, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Perin, H. J., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Richey, .Tesse, e. Aug. 9, lb62, trans, to Inv. Corps April 

.30, 1864. 
Rogers, Francis, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Richards, A., e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at Arcadia, Mo., Dec. 

10, 1862. 
Stall, J. H., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Swarthout, David, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at Marshalltown 

Sept. 19, 1863. 
Steward, John, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 

Sawyer, Jos. J., e. Aug. 8, 1802, kid. at Milliken's Bend. 
Smith, A., e. Aug. 14, 1862, kid. at Port Gibson. 
See, John, e. A. 12, 1862, died at St. Charles, Ark., .\ug. 

3. 1864. 
Shearer, S. J., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 

Shenkle, I. N., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died at Young's Point, La. 

K 



460 



HISTORY Oh MARSHALL COUNTY, 



Somer, M. E., e. Aug. 14, 1862, wl. at Black Kiver Bridge. 
Simpson, W. A., e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. Jlarcli 1. l^G:i, 

disab. 
Tower. D. A., c. Aug. 2, 1862. 
Tuffree, E., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Tucker, M. A., e. Aug. U, 1862. 
Thompson, \V. M., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Tlioiiipsoii, Jos. A., e. Aug. 12, 1862. 

Thomas, Cheney, e. Aug. lu, 1862, disd. Jan. IX, 1863, di»»b 
Town, Chas., e. Aug. 13, 1862, wd. at Black Kiver Bridge. 
Wood, David, o. Aug. 13, 1802, disd. Feb. 11, 1863, disjib. 
Wilson, John P., e. Aug. 16, 1862. 
Wilbur. Geo, L., v. Aug. 9, 1862, trans, for promotion to 

2d lieut. Ist La. Vols. 

THIRTY-SECOND INFANTRY. 

The Thirty-second Infantry was organized at Dubuque 
October 6, 1862, and on 15th and Hth whs moved to 
Davenpoit. Left Davenport November 2lBt, for St. 
Louis, Mo. November 2.5th, Companies B, C, E, H, I and 
K, with Rcgimenial Headquarters', went to New Madrid, 
Mo., and Companies A, D, F and G, for Cape Girardeau, 
Mo., and were so separated until March 4, 1864. The 
New Madrid portion left December 2yth, for Fort Pillow, 
Tenn.; April 1, 1863, Company B was ordered to Fulton, 
Tenn., and on June 20tli, the detachment was ordered to 
Columlius, Ky. July 1st, Company C was mounted and 
attached to the Forth Missouri Cavalry. September Ist, 
Companies H and K were ordered to Island No. 10; 
January 15, lM'i4, Company C was dismounted; January 
2()th, the detachment left Columbus for Vicksburg, Miss., 
and assigned to Second Brigade, Third Division, 16th A. 
C. ; February 3d, marched with Gen. Sherman's forces, 
to Meredian, Miss., and returned March 4th. The detach- 
ment under Col. Eberhart, garrl'-oned at Cape Girardeau 
until March 14, 1863, when it took a scout to Blooming- 
ton, Mo., and returned on the 24th; on 2<sth, joined in 
pursuit of Marmaduke's forces, returning May .'Jth ; July 
10, 1863, moved to Bloomington, Mo., and was assigned 
to Reserve Brigade, First Cavalry Division ; on 19th, 
moved southward, arriving at Clarendon, Ark., August 
8th, leaving on 13th, on gunboats, going to mouth of Red 
River. Companies A and K captured two confederate 
transports. In destroying pontoon bridges, lost several 
men in an engagement. On 16th, drove enemy's pickets 
to Harrison's Landing; joined division on 18th. August 
27th, had 160 men which were put in wagons; found 
enemy and repulsed them, and reached Little Rock Sep- 
tember 11th with hardly a man fit for duty, im account 
of two months of such fearful exposure and liardships ; 
arrived at Meni])his February otli, ami at Vicksburg the 
9th, and there joined the balance of regiment. On 10th, 
started for Red River, and disembarked at Limeport, La. 
Assisted in the capture of Fort De Russey. On 16th, 
camped at Alexandria, La., and marched to Grand Ecore 
April 3d. On 7th, marched for Shreveport, and was 
attacked at Pleasant Hill; loss, thirty-eight killed, 116 
Wounded, fifty-six missing. .\fter several tedious 
marches, went in camp at Memphis June 15th. June 
24th, weiit to Moscow. Tenn., and on the 27th to La 
Grange. July 14th, was attacked by enemy at Tupelo, 
and on the 15th, at Obi Town Creek. Arrived in Holly 
Springs August 4th, and Memphis, 30th. From Septem- 
ber 5th to October 18th, was on the move, and landed at 
St. Louis. On the 25th, moved by transports to Nash- 
ville, Tei.ii. In battle of Nashville, the Thirty-second did 
nobly, caiituring liurguchoud's battery of five guns and 
fifty prisoners. December 31, 1864, embarked for East- 
port, Miss. 

The regiment traveled 5,.594 miles, 2,332 on foot. Ag- 
gregate mustered into service, 911. Has received, since 
muster in, 277 recruits. Lost 93 men in battle, 177 by 
disease, 122 discharged, 29 transferred and 1 missing. 

Assistant Surgeon Wm. B. Waters, comd. Sept. 16, 1862, 

resd. July 22, 1863. 
Hospital .'burgeon Newcomb S. Smith. 

Company D. 

Baker, Jas. A., e. Feb. 1, 1M)4, died at Abxandria, La. 
Capps, Moses S.,e.Feb. 4, lMi4, kid. at Pleasant Hill, La. 
St. John, Kufus L., e. March 30, 1864. 
St. John, H M., e. March 30, 1866. 

Company K. 

Capt. Gideon Wheeler, coin. Ut lieut. Oct. 6, 1862, prnitd. 
capt. Oct. 4, 1863. 



Second Lieut. Wm. A. Fallas, e. as sergt. Aug. 22, 1862,. 

prmtd. 2d lieut. Feb. 4, 1865. 
Sergt. Thomas J. Spiudler, e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. July 22, 

1863, disab. 
Sergt. Calvin Randolph, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Corp. Jesse Rolston, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Cori>. John McCoy, e. Aug. 15, 1862. • 

Corp. A. C. Zabriski, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
Corp. T. C. Purcell, e. Aug. 14, '62, disd. May 29, '63, disab. 
Corp. C. 0. Sefton, e. July 21, 1862. 
Wagoner B. H. Cunningham, e. July 28, 1862, died at 

Albion Sept. 23, 1864. 
Beeman, Wm. L., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Blair, Francis, e. July 29, 1862, deserted Nov. 21, 1862. 
Bryant, Jos. J., e. July 29, 1862. 
Clark, Lyman, e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. Jan. 

10, 1865. 
Cripps, Amos, e. Feb. 22, 1864. 
Dickerson, John W., e. Aug. 18, 1862. 
Dawson, Samuel B., e. July 28, 1862. 
Daniel, Samuel B., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Denbow, John, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
Frakcs, A. J., e. Aug. 15, 1862, wd. and captd.at Pleasant 

Hill, La. 
Hall, Davis, c. Aug. 22, 1862, died at Albion May 12, '64. 
Henderson, John, e. Aug. 13, 1862, wd., captd. and died at 

Pleasant Hill, La. 
Keyes, Geo. E., e. Aug. 15, 1862. 

Long, Benj., e. Aug. 16, 1862, died at Albion Dec. 22, '63. 
Martin, Wm., e. July 28, 1862. 
Melton, Jas. M., e. Aug. 14,1862. 
Payne, H. R., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 

Pierson, Geo., e. Aug. 16, 1862, died at Brownsville, Miss. 
Ramsey, W. S., e. July 28, 1862, trans, to Inv. Corp. Nov. 

20, 1863. 
Speer, James, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 

Spindler, Clark, e.Aug. 15, 1862, died at Ft. Pillow, Tenn. 
Tucker, H. L., e. Aug. 22, 1862, died at Paducah, Ky. 
Thomas, Wm., e. Aug. 21, 1862, disd. Oct. 28, 1862, disab. 
Wickersham, , e. Aug. 22, 1862. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

Boone, Jesse P., e. Feb. 1, 1864. 
Sefter, Wm. M., e. Feb. 22, 1864. 



FORTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. 

(One Hundrfd Days.) 

This regiment was recruited as a 100-day regiment, and 
went into camp at Davenjiort early in the Spring of 1864. 
It did guard and garriscm duty at Memphis and La 
Grange, Tenn., during the Summer, and, on expiration of 
the term of service, returned to Davenport, where the 
men were mustered out. 

[Note. — Thit reghmnt kvk mtistered out at Davenport, 
Iowa, Sept. 15, IHC/,.] 

Company C. 

Capt. Cyrus H. Shaw, com. June 21, 1864. 

First Lieut. H. P. Williams, com. June 21, 1864. 

Sergt. Wm. M. Hubbard, e. May 2, 1864. 

Sergt. Julius M. Ransey, e May 2, 1864. 

Sergt. J. B. Nicholson, e. May 2, 1864. 

Sergt. J. V. Watson, e. May 9, 1864. 

Sergt. F. T. Wells, <•. May 9, 1864. 

Corp. James Hanks, e. May 11, 1864. 

Corp. 0. Crouse, e. May 9, 1864. 

Corp. 0. P. Stuckslager. e. May 4, 1864. 

Corp. A. W. Howard, e. M.ay 10, 1864. 

Corp. H. M. Arney, c May 28, 1864. 

Corp. E. W. Ileald, e. May 19, 1864. 

Corp. J. D. Stauffer, e. May 9, 1864. 

Corp. A. A. Thomas, e. May 9, 1864. 

Corp. Tlios. Hudson, e. May 18, 1864. 

Andrews, F. M., e. May 2, 1864. 

Adams, J. C, e. May 17, 1864. 

Beeson, J. T., e. Mav 9, 1864. 

Bricker, David, e. May 14, 1864. 

Bollinger, Alfred, e. M:<y 14, 1864. 

Cross, G. F., e. May 28, l.S(;4. 

Crouse, 0., e. May 9. 1864. 

Davis, E. T . e. Mav 17, 1864. 

Davis, Ellwood, e. May 15, 1864. 

Dawson, I. N., e. May 28, 1864. 

Emery, L. P , c. May 28, 1864. 

Gilkerson, M. J., e. May 2, 1864. 

Hedge, G. E., e. May 4, 1864. 

Johnson, L. F., e. May 2, 1864. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 



461 



Kersev, H. M., e. May 9, 1804. 

Liintes, Calvin, e. May 23, 1864. 

Loomis, L. A., o. May 11, 1864. 

McCool, H. W., e. May 11, 1864. 

Mapes, B. P., e. May 14, 1864. 

Mills, Lott, e. May 4, 1864. 

Puntney. George, e. May 9, 1864. 

Parnell, N. W., e. May 16, 1864. 

Steenbarger, Jos., e. May 28, 1864. 

Swift, G. W., 8. May 28, 1864 

Sweet, J. W., e. May 4, 1864. 

Sweet, C. 0. e. May 18, 1864. 

Smith, Scott, e. May 14, 1864. 

Smith, J. v., e. May 17, 1864. 

Uiery, Stephen, e. May 28, 1864. 

Woodward, M. L., e. May S, 1864. 

Wetherly, W. A., e. May 9, 1S64. 

Waters, W. A., e. May 2, 1864, died Aug. 31, 1864, at La 

Grange, Tenn. 
Weed, F. F., e. May 4, 1864. 
Whitney, C, e. May 5, 1864. 
Whitehead, L. D., e. May 17, 1864. 
Willits. Milton, e. May 11, 1864. 
Wallin, Manuel, e. May 8, 186-;. 



SECOND CAVALRY. 

The Second Iowa Cavalry was mustered into service 
Aug. 25tb, 1861. at Davenport, Iowa, by Capt. Chambers, 
Capt. Elliott, of the Third United States Cavalry, being 
commissiontid Colonel of the regiment. Went to Benton 
Barracks, St. Louis, Mo., December 7, 1861, where they 
drew horses and equipments. On the 17th of February, 

1862, they went to the front at Bird's Point, Mo. March 
4th, they went to New Madrid, where they arrived on the 
12th inst. After the capture of Island No. 10. they were 
put aboard a fleet under Pope's command, went up the 
Tennessee to Hamburg, to assist in theinvestment of Cor- 
inth. On the 9th ot May, 1862, at Farmington, they 
charged a battery of eight guns supported by 15,000 
infantry. May 28, 1862, started on a raid to Boone- 
ville, Miss., and entered Corinth May iJlst, and on June 
15th retired from the front to Farmington. On June 26th 
returned to tbe front at Booneville, where, with the Sec- 
ond Michigan, they repulsed Chalmers, wlio charged upon 
them with 4,000 men. Tliey then moved back to Rienzl, 
Miss., where, on the 26th of August, they repulsed a 
charge made by Faulkner witli 2,.5O0 men. The regi- 
ment remained here until the 5th of September, when 
they went with Gen. Kosecrans to take part in the 
defeat and jiursuit of the rebels at luka, Miss., and thence 
to the second battle of Corinth, October 24th. Had en 
gagements with the enemy at Coffeeville, Miss., Decern 
ber 5th, Palo Alto April :»d, 18G3, Birmingham April 24. 

1863, and Jackson, Tenn., in July; at Grenada August 17 
at Collierville, Noveiubcr 3d, Moscow December 4, 1863 
being engaged the rest of the year in keeping the rebels 
away from the Memphis & Charleston Railway. 

They were mustered as veterans at Memphis, Tenn., 
March 28, 1864, and recruited to 1,088 men, the veterans 
numbering 360. They arrived at Davenport on veteran 
furlough April 15, 1864, and reassembled for duty May 
15th, and left for St. Louis May 17th, and being supplied 
with horses, reached Memphis May 29th. 

June 19th, were armed witii Spencer's seven-shooting 
carbines, and joined A. J. Smith's forces for an e.xpedi- 
tion against Forrest, then at Tupelo, Miirs. Encountered 
the euemy at Pontotoc, pushed him back to a strongposi- 
tiou three miles south of that place, moved by the left 
flank to the rear of the enemy, and seized Tupelo, his base 
of operations. On the 14th of July, engaged in there- 
pulse of four desperate charges made bj' Forrest's troops. 
Met and defeated Forrest again on the loth at Old Town. 
Reached Memphis July 24, 1S64. where the regiment re- 
mained till August 2d, when they went again in search of 
theenemy,whom they found on the 9th near Oxford, Miss., 
where they engaged in various skirmishes until abont 
.\ugust 22d. They then returned in pursuit of Forrest, 
who had started on his famous raid to Memphis, and 
reached La Grange August 28th, and White's Station, 
near Memphis, September 5th. Left here September 30th 
for Middle Tennessee, to confront Forrest, who had 
crossed the Tennessee River at Clifton, and were here 
ordered to join Sherman's army on his famous march to 
the sea, but sul'Sequently were ordered to join Gen. 
Thomas in r>-pelling Hood's invasion, November 1, 1864, 
and from that time to the 20th were engaged in various 
skirmishes with Hood's army, before whom they retreated 



in skirmish line via Lawrenceburg, Campbellville, Lynn- 
ville, Columbia and Franklin to Nashville, which point 
was reached December 5, 1864. On the 15th, 16th and 
17th, engaged in the attack and defeat of Hood's army at 
Nashville, pursued the enemy until he crossed the Ten- 
nessee River at Bainbridge, tlience the regiment went to 
Eastport, Miss., where it remained until Felir\iary 19, 1865, 
when a portion of it was sent after the rebels at Tuscum- 
bia, Bushville and Russellville, Ala. After this, the regi- 
ment remained at Eastport and vicinity until the close of 
the war, when they were mustered out of the service at 
Selma, Ala., September 19, 1865, and were paid oft' and dis- 
banded at Davenport, Iowa. 

[Note. — This rtgiment was mastered out at Selma, Ala., 
Septeti.ber 10, 186':.] 

Lieut. Col.Wm. P. Hepburn, com. capt. Co. B Aug. 14, 
1861, prmtd. maj. Sept. 13, 1861, prmtd.lieut. col. July 
1, 1862, m. o. Oct. 3, 1864, term e.xpired. 

Chaplain Chas. G. Truesdell, com. Aug. 30, 1861, resd. Oct. 
7, 1862, com. again Aug. 20, 1863, declined. 

Hospital Steward Richd. A. Carleton, e. as corp. July 30, 
1861, pronitd. hospital steward Oct. 1, 1862. 

B. S. M. Jno. V. McDuflie, com. July 30, 1861. 

B. V. S. Geo. W. S. Michael, com. July 30, 1861. 

Company B. 

Capt. Thos. Wilson, com. 2d lifut. Aug. 14, lb61, prmtd. 

capt. Oct. 1, 1861, resd. April 14, 1862. 
Capt. Jno. L. Herbert, e. as sorgt. July 30, 1861, captd. at 

Brownsville, La., prmtd. 2d lieut. March 18, 1864, 

prmtd. capt. Nov. 27, 1864, wd. at Nashville Dec. 15, 

1864. 
First Lieut. Duncan McGregor, com. Q. M. Feb. 18, 1862, 

prmtd. Ist lieut. April 15, 1862, resd. June 18, 1863. 
First Lieut. L. Francis Stoddard, e. as private July 30, 

1861, prmtd. 2d lieut. June 19, 1862, prmtd. 1st lieut. 
Aug. 14, 1863, m. o. Oct. 3, 1864, term expired. 

First Lieut. Byron A. Beeson, e. as corp. July 30, 1861, 

prmtd. 1st lieut. Nov. 27, 1864. 
Sergt. H. V. Smith, e. July 3i). 1861. 
Sergt. C. W. Gibson, e. July 30, 1861, wd. at Brownsville, 

Miss., and near West Point, Miss. 
Q. M. Sergt. Wm. D. Wells, e. July 30, 1861, died Aug. 16, 

1862, at Rieii/.i, Miss. 

Sergt. Jas. M. Dennis, e. July 30, 1861, vet. March 1, 
1864. disd. Sept. 27, 1864, for promotion to capt. 4th 
U. S. H. Art., A D. 

Sergt. Justus Canfield, e. July 30. 1X61, trans, to 7th U. 8. 
H. Artillery. 

Sergt. Isaac Broek, e. July 30, 1861 

Sergt. IMiles Brush, e. July 30, 1861, vet. March 1, 1864, 
disd. May 24, 1865 disab. 

Corp. Thos. Booth, e. July 30, 1861, wd. at Brownsville, 
Miss. 

Corp. Wm. J. Deal, e. July 30, 1861. 

Corp. Porter J. Webb, e. July 30, 1861, wd. at Farming- 
ton, Miss. 

Corp. Wm. E. Walker, e. July 30, 1861, captd. at Farm- 
ington, 51iss. 

Corp. Wm. Wallace, e July 30, 1861, captd. at Booneville, 
yi iss. 

Bugler H. M. Beeson, e. July 30, 1861. 

Bugler Philip McDaniel, e. July 3o, 1861, disd. Aug. 7, 
1862. 

Farrier Geo. W. S. Michael, e. July 30, 1861, disd. Nov. 
29, 1862, disab. 

Saddler M. W. Thompson, e. July 3o, 1861. 

Saddler Daniel Segar, e. July 30, 1861. 

Arney, John H., e. July 30, 1861. 

Andrews, Robt., e. July 30, 1M61, disd. Aug. 7, 1662. 

Arney, A. W., e. July 30, 1861. 

Brush, Jno. B., e. July 30, 1861, vet. March 1, 1864. 

Brush, Jno. S., e. July 30, 1861, died May 5, 1862, of wds. 
received at Farmington, Miss. 

Brock, C. H., e. July 30, 1861, wd. at Farmington, Miss., 
disd. Aug. 4, 1862. 

Bartme, A. R., e. July 30, 1861, vet. March 1, 1864. 

Burley, Wm. F., e. July 30, 1861. 

Bullock, Wm. F., e. July 30,1861, disd. Oct. 22, '62, disab. 

Culver, Chas. F., e. July 30, 1861, captd. June 1, 1863. 

Craft, Daniel, e. July 30, 1861, wd. at Farmington. 

Day, JoH. H., e. Oct. 29, 1864, wd. at Nashville, Tenn. 

Dinnel. Milton, e. July 30, 1861, vet., March 1, 1864. 

Dennis, W. W., e. Sept. 1, 1862, died at Farmington, Miss. 

Dean, I. V., e. July 30, 1861, died Jan. 17, 1862. 

Dean, Josiah R. e. July 30, 1861, died Jan. 26, 1862. 
! Elder, Jno. W., e. Jan. 26, 1864. 
I Elbert, R. R., e. Jan. 26, 1864. 



462 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 



Forrey, B. H., e. July 3(i, 186X. 

Fi'ignson, H. F., vet", March 1, 1864. 

Gilkereon, C, e. Julv :iO, 1861, vet. March 1, 1864. 

Hamilton, 0. M., e. .Ian. 4, 1864, died March 13, 1864. 

Havens, J. D., e. July 30, 1861, died Dec. 29, 1862, at 

Mound City, III. 
Halstead, L.. vet., March 1. 1864. 
Henahaw, Wm. A , e. .luly 30, 1861. 
Hankin.s John, e. Julv 30, 1861. 
Jewell, Jackson, c. Julv 30, 1861, died Feb. 8, 1862. 
Loomis, L. A., e. Oct. 29, 1864. 
Lacy, D. P., e. July 30, 1861, died in Marshall Co., Dec. 

15, 18ti3. 
Leech, A. C, e. Oct. 26, 1864. 
Large, W. A., e. July 30, 1861. 
McCorniick, Wni. H., e. .Tan. 27, 1864, killed at Little 

Harpette, Tenn. 
McKinnon, L., e. Julv 30, 1861, wd. at Booneville, Miss. 
Mcintosh, Hugh. e. Oct. 29, 1864. 
Pepper. L. H., e. July 30, 1861. 
Price, Simon, c. Aug. 31, 1.S61. 
Buckman, J.W., e. Nov. 1, 1804. 
Richards, Jas. D., e. Julv 30, 1861 . 
Rose, C. 0., e. Oct. 29, 1864. 
Smith, Piatt A., e. Julv 30, 1861. 
Sharp, T. M., e. Sept. 15, 1803. 
Thompson, A. J., e. Julv 30, 1861. 
"SVheatly, Jas. A., e. Aug. 30, 1861, died Jan. 8, 1862. 
Weatherby, D. E., e. July 30, 1861. 
Wheatly, Thos., e. Oct. 31, 18U1, died Feb. 12, 1862. 

Company G. 

Alger, Edwin J., e. Feb. 22, 1801. 

Company I. 

Corp. Isaac H. Ford, e. Aug. 14, ISOl, vet. March 11, '64. 
Coate, Ehvood, e. March 2i!, 1864. 
Leech, Wm , e. March 28, 1864. 
Moyer, .Tos. H., e. March 31, 1864. 
Pearson, Daniel, e. March 26, 1864. 

UNASSIGSEIl. 

Hambleton, C. M., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 



FIFTH VETERAN CAVALRY. 

The Fifth Cavalry, better known as " Curtis' Horse," 
was organized at Benton Barracks, St. Louis, Mo., Decem- 
ber 20, 1861. It was composed of various detachments 
and companies from the Western States. It did very effi- 
cient st-rvice, the details of which cannot here be given, 
as the regiment was constantly moving, mostly by com- 
panies or battalions, scouting, foraging, pursiiing or har- 
assing the enemy; and, while not pirticip;iting often as 
a regiment in large battles, it was constantly having 
smaller battles. The principal engagements participated 
in were the second battle of Fort Donclson, where the 
Fifth Cavalry followed the retreating enemy, charged and 
routed them ; several engagements against Wheeler's cav- 
alry at Wartrace, Duck Uiver Bridge, Sugar Creek, and 
against Korldy's cavalry in several minor engagements. 

The Fifth became veterans February 4, and went home, 
to report at Davenport March 5th. They returned to 
Nashville, Tenn., and thence proceeded on a most active 
campaign, tearing up railroads and burning bridges in 
the enemy's rear, and annoying and crippling them in 
every possible way. Finally, at a place called Newnan, 
in Georgia, they, with the Kiglith Indiana, were sur- 
rounded by the consolidated cavalry forces of Wheeler, 
Roddy, Jackson, Hume and Ross, and compelled to cut 
their way out, every man for himself, in which way they 
reached our lines, .\fter this, with but a handful of 
men, the Fifth was assigned to Kjlpatrick's command, 
and o]ierated almost day and night in the vicinity of 
Atlanta; and, after going to Louisville, Ky., and getting 
fresh horses, they entered into another active campaign, 
between Nashville and .\thens, having several important 
engagements with the enemy; and went home, at the 
end of the war, with a record of which every man can 
justly feel proud. 

Company E. 

Hart, John, e. March 14, 1864. 

Company C. 

First Lieut. Andrew N. Canfield, e. as sergt. July 1, 1861, 
prmtd. to 1st liout. Jan. 24, 1865. 



Company H. 

Fanning, A. T., e. March 31, 1864. 
.Jordan, Daniel, vet. Feb. 12,1864. 

Company I. 

Sergt. Geo. P. Eakins, e. July 1, 1801. vet. April 11, 1864, 

from Co. D, 5th tnf. 
Sergt. Jas. W. Johnson, e. July 1, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, 

from Co. D, 5th Inf. 
Corp. M. B. Cooper, e. July 1, 1861, vet. Feb. 4, 1864, from 

Co. D, 5th Inf. 
Corp. S. W. Hoffman, e. July 1, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, 

from Co. D, 5th Inf. 
Corp. A. Deeter, e Oct. 1,1861, vet. Jan. 5, 1864, from Co. 

D, 5th Inf. 
Corp. James Reynolds, e July 1, 1861, vet. Jan. 5, 1864, 

from Co. D, 5th Inf., wd. at Pulaski, Tenn. 
Corp. v. Dancer, e. July 1, 1861, vet. Jan. 5, 1864, from 

Co. I), 5th Inf. 
Barnum, T. M., e. July 1, 1861, vet. Feb. 8, 1864, from Co. 

D, 5th Inf. 
Bishop, F. M.. e. July 1, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, from Co. 

D, 5th Inf. 
Buton, Lay ton, e. July 1, 1861, vet. Jan. 5, 1864, from Co. 

D, 5th Inf. 
Conner, Daniel, e. Feb. 12, 1862, disd. Sept. 22, '64, disab. 
Carter, M. W., e. July 1, 18G1, vet. Jan. 5, 1864, from Co. 

D, 5th Inf. 
Cornish, A. L., e. July 1, 1861, vet. Jan. 5, 1864, from Co. 

D, 5th Inf. 
Hooven, F. M., e. July 1, 1861, vet. Jan. 5, 1864, from Co. 

D, 5th Inf. 
Lewis, L. D. F., e. July 1, 1861, vet. Jan. 5, 1864, from Co. 

D, 5th Inf. 
McNutt, W. N., e. July 1, 1861, vet. Jan. 5, 1864, from Co. 

D, 5th Inf. 
Niles. A. B., e. July 1, 1861, vet. Jan. 5, 1864, from Co. D, 

5th Inf. 
Phillips, Amos B., e. July 1, 1861, vet. Jan. 5, 1864, from 

Co. D, 5th Inf. 
Sipe, Jacob, e. July 1, 1861, vet. .Tan. 5, 1864, from Co. D, 

5th Inf. 
Stallings, S. A., e. July 1, 1861, vet. Jan. 5, 1864, from Co. 

D, 5th Inf. 
Sipe, Geo., e. July 1, 1861, vet. Feb. 7, 1864, from Co. D, 
5th Inf. 

Company L. 

Chamrer, T. I., e. March 28, 1S64. 
Chamberlain, S. C, e. March 8, 1864. 
Chapman, I. C, e. March 8, 1864. 

UNASSIGNED. 

Wright, R. N., e. Oct. 31, 1864. 



EIGHTH CAVALRY. 

was mustered into service September .30, 1863, and, before 
being fully equipped with either horses or arms, was or- 
dered to the front to join Gen. Rosocrans at Chattanooga. 
The remainder of the animals were procured as quickly as 
possible, and on the morning of Oct. 17, the Eighth left 
Camp Roberts for Louisville, via Michigan City and In- 
dianapolis, where they arrived on the 21st, and went into 
camp tiear the Nashville railroad depot. They were soon 
furnished with :5helter tents, Colt's army pistols and about 
309 Gallaghor carbines. November 4th, the regiment 
commenced its march to Nashville, Tenn., where it ar- 
rived on the 17th, making its first march of 20' miles in 
less than two weeks. On the 1st of December, the Eighth 
left Nashville on the line of the N. & N. W. Railroad. 

After a general scout through that section of the coun- 
try, the regiment was detailed by biittalion to three differ- 
ent points, with headquarters at Waverly, Tenn. 

The capturing or dispersing of guerrillas was the prin- 
cipal duty of the Eighth Iowa ('avalry, but whenever oc- 
casion offered, the regiment was not larking in courage 
or coolness ; and, in fact, did some excellent fighting on 
several occasions, among which was the engagement at 
Lost Mountain, Lovejoy's Station and at Newnan. Start- 
ing from Red Clay,and includingStoneman's raid around 
Atlanta, the regiment was under fire every day for more 
than one month. The regiment assisted in the pursuit 
of Wheeler, and in <lriving Forrest back from his invasion 
of Tenne.ssee in the Fall of 1864. They were next en- 
gaged in the front nf rebel Gen. Hood, in his advance 
upon Nashville, to which the regiment, with other forces, 
fell back. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 



463 



The regiment joined in the attack upon Hood at Nash- 
Tille, and in the pursuit of his forces out of Tennessee. 
They then went into quarters at Waterloo, Alabama, until 
the 15th of March, when they joined the Wilson raid 
through Alabama, and were mustered out at Macon, Ga. 

Lieut. Col. Elliot Shurtz, com. capt. Co. I Sept. 30, 1863 
wd and missing at Newnan, Ga., July 30, 1864, 
prmtd. maj. Nov. 24, 1864, prmtd. lieut. col. June 
0, 18G5. 

Company I. 

Capt. Cloud H. Brock, captd. at Newnan, Ga., com. capt. 

May 22, 1865, com. declined. 
Capt. Josiah J. Cleaver, e. as sergt. Aug. 8, 1863, prmtd. 

1st lieut. Feb. 3, 1865, prmtd. capt. July 22, 1865. 
First Lieut. Harmon A. Jones, com. Sept. 30, 1863, resd. 

Dec. 21, 1864. 
Q. M. Sergt. Thos. Nichols, e. Aug. 22, 1863. 
Sergt. Lewis Hunsdon, e. Aug. 11, 1863, died Aug. 13, '65. 
Sergt. F. M. Thomas, e. Aug. 18, 1863, wd. and captd. at 

Newnan, Ga., disd. July 14, 1865, wds. 
Sergt. E. A. Morrill, e. Aug. 12, 1863, captd. at Newnan, 

died in Vermont. 
Sergt. Jas. S. Straight, e. Aug. 22, 1863, disd. July 11, 1865, 

disab. 
Sergt. F. Ball, e. Aug. 18, 1863, wd. at Tuscaloosa, Ala. 
Sergt. L. C. Terrell, e. Aug. 12, 1863. 
Trump. A. H. Hall, e. Aug. 21, 1863. 
Trump. H. vv indish, e. Aug. 8, '63, captd. at Newnan, Ga. 
Farrier Geo. W. S. Michael, e. July 27, 1863, served in 

Co. B, 2d Cav. 
Farrier John Hart, e. Aug. 3, 1863. 
Wagoner G. S. Lane, e. Aug. 3, 1863. 
Beeson, Wm. B., e. Aug. 8,1864, captd. at Newnan, Ga. 
Beaman, H. S., e. Aug. 22, 1863, captd. at Newnan, Ga. 
Baker, C. K., e. Aug. 14, 1863. 
Cawan, Thos. M., e. Aug. 8, 1863. 
Cawan, Richard, e. Aug. 13, 1803. 
Crawford, Jas., e. Aug. 7, 1863. 
Deeter, A., e. Aug. 10, 18C3, kid. in Kingston, Ga. 
Dowlin, Jno. R., e. Aug. 13, 1863, kid. at Newnan, Ga. 
Davis, Patrick, e. Aug. 10, 1863. 
Evans, M. V. B., e. Aug. 11, 1863, wd. near Waverly, 

Tenn., captd. at Newnan, Ga. 
Elliott. Jared, e. Aug. 18, 1863. 
Evans, N. H., e. Aug. 18, 1863. 
Farguson, Richd., e. Aug. 11, 1863. 
Garwood, C, e. Aug. 24, 1863. captd. at Newnan, Ga. 
Gaige, L. S., e. Aug. 3, 1863, disd. July 9, 1865, disab. 
Hixson, Geo. J., e. Aug. 18, 1863. 
Hull, Samuel B., e. Aug. 8, 1863. 
Hass, G. R., e. July 7, 1863, wd. April 5, 1865. 
Hughes, J., e. Aug. 8, 1863. 
Luke, John, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Luke, Isaiah, e. Aug. 22, 1863. 
Moon, Wm. A., e. Aug. S, 1863. 
McCain, Jas. M., e. Aug. 22, 1863. 
Noble, Jos., e. Aug. 12, 1864, wd. at I^ranklin, Tenn. 
Nye, Jas. M., e. Aug. 12, 1863, kid. at Newnan. Ga. 
Patterson, M. A., e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Pvle, John, e. Aug. 18, 1863. 
Peete, Geo., e. Aug. 8, 1863. 
Pegg, G , e. Aug. 10, 1863. 
Rickey, J. N., e. Aug. 5, 1863. 

Reiber, Jno. A., e. Aug. 3, 1863, disd. Dec. 8, 1864, disab. 
Schoolcraft, D. M., e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Schoolcraft, Herman, e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Stickney, John, e. Aug. 10, 1863, captd. at Newnan, Ga. 
Sutton, B. B., e. Aug. 3, 1863, captd. at Newnan, Ga. 
Thomas, T. B., e. Aug. 18, 1863. 
Thorp, A. G., e. Aug. 8, 18ti3. 
Van Allen, John, e. Aug. 17, 1863. 
Woods, D. W., e. Aug. 12, 1863, wd. and captd. at Lovejoy 's 

Station, Ga. 
Wimberly, Wm., e. Aug. 11, 1863, kid. at Newnan, Ga. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

Nichols, Wm. R., e. Nov. 2, 1864. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 
Second Veteran Infantry. 

Corp. A. H. M. Haddock, e. June 8, 1861, vet. June. 4, 1864, 

m. o. July 12, 1865. 
Floyd, J. S., e. Jan. 5, 1864, m o. July 12, 1865. 
Mitchell, J. M., e. Jan. 5, 1864, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
Polk, Jas. K., e. Jan. 8, 1864, m. o. July 12, 1865. 



Raff, E. A., e. Jan. 4, 1864, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
Cregan, John H., e. March 30, 1864, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
Dey, John B., e. March 30, 1864, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
Embrie, Jas., e. March 25, 1864, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
Peasley, Wm. C, e. March 30, 1864, kid. May 28, 1864, in 

action. 
Embree, James, e. March 29, 1^64, ni. o. July 12, 1K65. 

Third Infantry. 

Asst. Surg. Ed. W. Evans, cum. July 23, '63, m. o. July, '64. 
Gammel, Andrew, e. Miiy 21, 1861, vet. March 30, 1864, 

m. o. July, 1864. 
First Lieut. Marquis A. Hills, e. as sergt. May 21, 1861, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. Oct. 17, 1862, prmtd. 1st lieut. March 

9, 1863, resd. May 18, 1864. 
Corp. Isaiah Garwood, e. May 21, 1861, m. o. July, 1864 
Musician J. R. Lockwoud, e. May 21, 1861, m. o. July, '64. 
Evans, E. W., e. May 21, 1861, m. o. July, 1864. 
Ewing, Jas. H., e. May 21, 1861, kid. at Shiloh, April 6, 

1862. 
Hi.x8on, E. C, e. May 21, 1861, m. o. July 18, 1864. 
Haddock, A. H. M., <■. May 21, 1861, m. o. July, 1864. 
Woodward, Jas. M., e. May 21, 1861, m. o. July, 1864. 

Sixth Infantry. 

Anspach, Geo., e. April 27, 1864. 
Allen, A J., e. June 24, 1861, m. o. July 21, 1865. 
Allen, M. V., e. June 24, 1861, kid. in battle of Shiloh. 
Thomas, P. W., e. Ajril 26, 1864, m. o. July 21, 1865. 
Thomas, Levi, e. April 26, 1864, m. u. July 21, 1865. 

Seventh Infantry. 

Lewis, John A., e. March 29, 1864, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
Lequatt, Jeremiah, e. March 29, 1864, ni.o. July 12, 1865. 

Ninth Infantry. 

Sharp, Geo. B., e. Sept. 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, m. o. 

July, 1865. 
Sharp, Samuel, e. Sept. 18, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, m. o. 

July, 1865. 



Tenth Infantry. 



Musician Warren Barnhart, e. Oct. 9, 1861, m. o. Aug. 

15, 1865. 

Twelfth Infantry, 

Beal, H. F., e. March 3o, 1864, m. o. Jan. 20, 1866. 
Bailey, Thos. H., e. March 30, 1864, m. o. Jan. 20, 1866. 
Peers, John B., e. March 30, 1864. 

Weaver, .lohn N., e. March 29, 1864, m. o. Jan 20, 1866. 
Bell, L. B., e. March 30, 1864, m. o. Jan. 20, 1866. 
Butters. John F., e. March 26, 1864, m. o. Jan. 20, 1866. 
Hendrick, Wm., e. March 26, 1864, m. o. Jan. 20, 1866. 
Rutter, P. H., e. March 28, 1864, kid. July 14, 1864, in 
battle at Tupelo, Miss. 

Fourteenth Infantry. 

Holland, F. F., e. Oct. 9, 1861, died April 1, 1862. 
Woodard, R. D., e. Oct. 9, 1861, disd. July 8-17, 1862, 

disab. 
Whealen, Chas. R., e. Oet. 9, 1861, died Jan. 6, 1862. 

Sixteenth Infantry. 

Col. Josiah T, Herbert, e. iis (juartermaster sergeant Oct. 

16, 1861, prmtd. adjt. Nov. 14, 1862, captd. at Atlanta, 
prmtd. major May 11, 1865, prmtd. lieut. colonel 
Jan. 27, 1865, prmtd. col. July, 1865, m. o. July 19, 1865. 

Burger, C, e. April 6, 1864, m. o. July 19, 1865. 
Hugge, Chas., e. April 13, 1864, m. o. July 19, 1865. 
Pooock, L. D., e, March 12, 1862, vet. March 31,1864, m. 

o. July 19, 1865. 
Allen, Newton, Jan. 3, 1862, vet. Jan. 5, 1864, m. o. July 

19, 1865. 
Crowley, Timotliy, e. Oct. 25, 1861, vet. Jan. 4, 1864, m. o. 

July 19, 1865. 
Porter, A. C, e. March 30, 1864, m. o. July 19, 1865. 
Lehah, John, e. Oct. 25, 1861, m. o. July 19, 1865. 
Fowler, llufus, e. Feb. 2, 1864, m. o. July 19, 1865. 
Hamburg, John, e. March 29, 1864, m. o. July 19, 1865. 
Lass, John, e. April 4, 1864, m. o. July 19, 1865. 
Parkhurst, H. C, e. March 29, 1864, m. o. July 19, 1865. 

Eighteenth Infantry. 

Damon, M. H., e. >larch 31, 1864. 

Herrington, H. D., e. March 31, 18r4. 

Joy. W. W., e. Jan. 18, 1864, m. o. July 20, 1865. 



lt)4 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 



Twenty-fourth Infantry. 

Crisman, J. E., e. March 31, 1864, m. o. July 17, 1865. 
Wilson, John L., e Feb. 29, 1864, m. o. July 17, 1865. 
Wilson, J. C, e. Fph. 29. 18G4. ni. o. July 17, 1865. 
Wilford, Olivtr. .-. March :U, ISiU. m. n. July IV, 1865. 

Twenty-eighth Infantry. 

A8st. Surg. E. J. B. Statler, com. Sept. 16, 1862, resd. Jan. 

20, 1864. 
Wright, John J., c Oct. 2, 18tM, m o. July 31, 1865. 

< Thirty-first Infantry. 

Woodbridge. G.. Dec. 2. 1864, ni. o. June 27, 1865. 

Thirty-fifth infantry. 

Agst. Surg. E. J. B. Statler, com. Sept. 1, 1864, from surg. 
28th inf., m. o. .\ug. 10, 1865. 

Thirty-seventh Infantry. 

Shyrock, John, <-. Hci. i1. istlj, m. u. at Davenport, date 
unknown. 

Fortieth infantry. 

Meredeth, Benj., e. Jan. 6, 1864, m. o. Aug. 2, 1865. 

Forty-second III. Infantry. 

Bell, Thomas, e. .\ug. 4, 1861. 

Forty-eighth Infantry. 

Bartlett, Ohas. H., e. >lay 14, 1864, ni. ... Oct. 21, 1864. 

First Cavalry. 

Burdan. F., Jan. 4, 1864, ni. o. Feb. 15, 1866. 
Ogden, A. F., e. Feb 25, 1864, m. o. Feb. 15, 1866. 

Third Cavalry. 

Lawson, John H., vet. Marcli 29, 1864, m. o. Aug. 9, 1865. 

Fourth Cavalry. 

B. V. S. John G. Jl cBrooiri, Sept. 23, 1861, prmtd. Jan. 1.5 
1862, from private Co. E, m. o. Oct. 25, 1862. 

Andrews, John M., vet Feb. 29, 1864, ni. o. Aug. 10, 1865. 

Sergt. H. W. Curtis, e. Oct. 17, 1861, vet. March 31, 1864, 
prmtd. 2d lieut., m. o. Aug. 10, 1865. 

Allen, John M.. e. April 16, 1864, m. o. Aug. 10, 1865. 

Brombarger, E., e. April 16, 1864, m. o. Aug. 10, 1865. 

Stewart, Amos, e. April 16,1864, m. o. Ang. 10, 1865. 



Sixth Cavalry. 

Q. M. S. John W. Anderson, e. Dec. 1, '62, m. o. Oct. 17, '65 
Cross, D. C, e. Dec. 1 1862, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Mvers, Francis, e. Oct. 15, 1862, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Kenover, Wm., e. Feb. 7, 1863, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Corp. F. B. Leonard, e. Sept. 27, 1862, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Bishop, Jesse, e. Dec. 6, 1862, ra. o. Oct. 17. 1865. 
Davis, C. P., e. Dec. 30, 1862, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Slate, I. J., e. Dec. 8, 1862, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Vest, George W., e. Feb. 18, 1863, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Weatherby, F. A., e. Feb. 16, 1863, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Huglies, C. B., e. Feb. 11, 1863, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Ballard, James M., e. April 25, 1864, ni. o. Oct. 17, 1865 
Ballard, William J., e. April 25, 1864. m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Ballard, .1. A., e. April 25, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Ballard, Reuben, e. March 31, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Duncan, E. J., e. April 25, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Dawson, M. M., e. April 30, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Loucks, John D., e, March 31, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Marsh, J. E , e. March 31, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Patterson, Wm. A., e. March 31, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Prescott, S., e. Oct. 31, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Rodman, James M., e. March .30, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Sutton, P. M., e. March 31, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Sherwood, William H., e. Oct. 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Ulery, William, e. March 24, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 
Wilcox, Daniel, e. March 31, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1865. 

Seventh Cavalry. 

Kennedy, James II., e. Feb. 24, 1863, ni. o. May 17, 1866. 
Warner, William, Nov. 2, 1864. 

Isham, Benjamin, e. March 8, 1S(;4, m. o. May 17, 1866. 
Doty, N. B., e. April, 16, 1864, m. o. May 17, 1866. 
Wheeler, Horace, e. Feb. 29, 1864, m. o. May 17, 1866. 

Ninth Cavalry. 

Brown, James W., e. Sept. 22, 1863. 

Kintsley, Z. T., e. Sept. 22, 1863. 

Lilly, David M. e. Oct. 14, 1863, m. o. Marcn 23, 1866. 

Williams, D., e. Sept. 21, 1863, in. o. March 23, 1866. 

Sperlin, Samuel, e. Nov. 7, 1863, m. o. March 23, 1866. 

U. S. Infantry (Colored'. 

Rice, Henry, e. 0^. 31, 1864 

Second Battery. 

Church, G. W., e. March 30, 1864, m. o. Aug. 7, 1865. 
Door, James, e. March 28, 1864, m. o. .Vug. 7, 1865. 

Third Battery. 

Bronk, Peter A., March 31, 1864, m. o. Oct. 3, 1865. 



EDUCATIONAL. 

While the question of how to get a living was the foremost one in the minds of 
the pioneers, the le.ss direct, though none the less important one of how to edu- 
cate their children, was not overlooked. Almost cotemporaneous with their 
own dwelling."^, they began the building of such school houses as they could, 
crude and primitive in the extreme, for such only would their appliances admit, 
and ]iut together without regard to externals. 

These same pioneer school houses will, in the future, be a theme for the 
artist — quite equal in every way to those supplied by the peasantry in the old 
world — with their quaint, simple fashions and unperverfed lives. The eye of 
the connoisseur delights in these realistic representations of still life — the white- 
haired old grandfather, wliose toil of years has only brought him his cottage and 
bit of land; the still hard-working " gude wife," with bent body and withered 
but cheerful old face: the next generation just in the prime of labor, rough, 
uncouth and content to have for recreation a pipe and a mug of ale ; and the 
children, with rosy cheeks and stout limbs, dressed in the veritable costumes 
their grandmothers wore before them. And no wonder such a picture pleases 
ntl charms the jaded senses of the worn-out worldling. But even that is not 
more fresh and unaccustomed than this log shanty, with its one small room, a 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 465 

■window of but few panes of glass, and possibly a dirt floor ; and with rough- 
hewn benches ranged round the walls for seats, over which the pupil made 
a fine gymnastic flourish whenever he felt it necessary to reach his teacher, 
with his^ forefinger firmly planted on the knotty word or sum that puzzled 
him. 

And is it possible that anything could be more primitive, even among the 
Indians themselves, than the suits of buckskin, in which, we are told, every 
pupil in one of the Marshall County schools was clad one Winter. Buckskin 
for Winter, and bare feet — despite the rattlesnakes — for Summer ! These are 
the picturesque features for the artist's pencil. And what " learning " there was, 
must have been a " dangerous thing," for it was certainly " little ; " the grad- 
ing Avas far from exact ; the system was a kind of hit-or-miss affair ; but, never- 
theless, it was '' school," and from the first there was a deeply rooted prejudice 
among the Iowa settlers in favor of schools. School for week-days, and a meet- 
ing house for Sunday ! this same little pen of a house served the two purposes. 
And could anythingexcept the groves themselves — " God's first temples" — be 
nearer to nature as a tabernacle than was this, where some chance circuit 
preacher would have for his congregation every man, woman and child in the 
entire settlement — except one very old lady who was too infirm to go, as was the 
case once in this county. None of those hypercritical listeners there, you may 
be sure, who gauge the preacher by his "intellectuality," his " magnetism " or 
his "'culture." It was the Word preached — welcome, pure and life-giving 
always — and not the preacher, which these listeners crowded to hear. If he 
but had the good Methodist zeal, then he was sure of devout hearers. He did 
not need to have " traveled," except upon his lone circuit over the prairie ; nor 
did he feel it necessary to use his pulpit in the interests of politics — if he knew 
his Bible, he was qualified ; nor did his flock feel called upon to put their hands 
into their pockets and contribute toward sending their Pastor on a Summer 
vacation to the sea-side or to Europe. All these improvements have come in 
with better churches and more advanced ways of thinking. That was the old 
way, and a direct contrast to the new. 

Now, nothing which the architect's taste can devise is too good for school 
house or for church. Look at the plenitude of tidy, commodious buildings in 
every county, and not designed for double service, either, but dedicated solely 
to the use of the school ma'am, who hereabouts is thoroughly skilled in her 
profession. She has had, aside from such education as her means have enabled 
ber to obtain, good practical drill in the normal institutes. She not only knows 
her text books, but she knows how to teach. And then the ingeniously devised 
school books, in which every point of information is adjusted to such a nicety 
that they are rather works of art and books of entertainment than but the dull 
means to a desired end. 

The little flocks of children who run along the country roads in their bare 
feet and sun-bonnets, and chip hats, do not have to squirm and twist their uneasy 
legs all day over a page in the English reader which they cannot understand. 
They begin their morning's work with a chorus, which puts them all in good 
humor to start with. Then they come to time classes at a tinkle of the bell ; 
they are entertained and diverted as well as instructed at every step. Before 
there is any possibility of restlessness, they go through a five-minutes round of 
calisthenics which puts a wholesome quietus upon their muscles and their mis- 
chief. Wise play is so mixed with teaching that they never really discover 
which is which until they find them-selves ready to teach school themselves in 
turn. 



46d HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

This is the ease of the present compared with the labor of the past. And 
in this way is the generality of education secured. The ways are smoothed, 
the tediousness beguiled and the deprivation supplanted by an affluence of 
aids. 

In 1854, Gov. Grimes, in his inaugural message, said : •' The safety and 
perpetuity of our Republican institutions depend upon the diffusion of intelligence 
among the masses of the people. The statistics of the penitentiaries and alms- 
houses throughout the country show that education is the best preventive of 
crime. They show also that the prevention of these evils is much less expensive 
than the punishment of the one and the relief of the other." 

So, with all our new, fangled methods, our ornamental, well-ventilated and 
well-furnisiied school houses, our accomplished instructors with modern notions, 
we are not extravagant. We are simply taking from the expenses of crime and 
pauperism and putting it into enduring and beautiful shape. We are helping 
to sustain the government by rearing up in every town and in every country 
neighborhood a generation of enlightened and intelligent people, cosmopolitan 
in the sense of schools, if not in that wider cosmopolitanism which comes 
alone from actual contact with the great world. 

Abstract of the County Superintendents last annual report, being for the 
year 1877: 

Number of district townships 12 

Numbei" of independent districts 53 

Number of sub-districts 87 

Number of ungraded schools 135 

Number of graded schools 6 

Average number of months taught 7.20 

Number of male teachers employed 122 

Number of female teachers employed 140 

Average compensation per month, males $42 91 

Average compensation per month, females 33 86 

Number of persons between the ages of 5 and 21 years in the county : 

Males 4,022 

Females 3,677 

Total number enrolled in county 5,625 

Average cost of tuition per month for each pupil |1 83 

Number of frame school houses 128- 

Number of brick school houses 15 

Number of stone school houses 

Value of school houses $1,301 85 

Value of apparatus 25 31 

Number of volumes in libraries 62 

Total amount of money received from all sources for school purposes ...$23,773 19 



MARSHALLTOWN. 

The pride of Marshall County centers in its county seat and business metrop- 
olis. The prevailing sentiment is that of progress. Men of energy control 
the interests of the city, and bend all their faculties to the purposes of improv- 
ing the institutions already founded, and of developing the resources which, as 
yet, have but fairly begun to be considered. 

Marshalltown is in its infancy, estimating the age of the city by the natural 
endurance of towns founded upon as substantial a basis as this. The men who 
surveyed the wild lands, and struck the first blows in the name of civilization, 
still dwell within the limits or occupy homesteads adjoining the city which their 
enterprise has created. Not even one generation has passed away since the 
initial stake was driven into the virgin soil. The marvelous growth of towa 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUxNTV. 46T 

and county since the beginning of the second half of the century, tends to pro- 
duce an erroneous impression in the minds of observers, and invests the place 
with fictitious agedness. The serious contemplation of facts alone is capable of 
removing the false sense of time thus engendered, and exhibiting, in all its real 
magnitude, the advancement actually made. 

In appearance, the city of Marshalltown resembles many an eastern locality 
whose origin dates far back into the past, and around which cluster memories of 
generations gone. It is difficult for those who are accustomed to regard a town 
of the dimensions of this as aged, to accept the veracity of these records. 
There is none of the atmosphere of newness about Marshalltown which marks 
the majority of Western places ; but there is a more stable air, such as is 
breathed in with every inspiration drawn in the streets of a New York or New 
England city. The smell of freshly cut pine, or the appearance of newly 
turned sod, which characterizes the greater number of Iowa business centers, is 
here noticeable for its conspicuous absence. Yet, there is none of the sleepi- 
ness of the Eastern prototypes of Marshalltown. Where the similarity ceases, 
the line of demarkation is distinctly drawn. There are some towns in the East 
which hold their own with the western cities, but such are noted for many miles 
about, and are the cynosure of neighboring eyes. In the ambitious and grow- 
ing West, the success of a town is the rule, rather than the exception, and 
therefore creates less agitation or comment. Still, there is a frank recognition 
of prosperity on all sides, when such honor is merited ; and that deference is 
paid to Marshalltown with almost unanimous accord. It is in poor taste to 
praise one place at the expense of others, we know ; but such a genuine senti- 
ment of satisfaction with the town has seized upon us, through no volition of 
our own, during our somewhat prolonged stay here, that we are forced to accord 
to Marshalltown the palm as a delightful place of residence, as well as a point 
of undoubted business prosperity in the future. And this opinion is formed 
after a pretty general acquaintance in the State. 

The geographical location of Marshalltown is admirable. The elevation of 
the land upon which it stands is sufficient to afford pure air, thorough ventila- 
tion and freedom from malaria. There are no stagnant waters in the vicinity. 
Healthfulness and beauty are characteristics of the natural site, and if they are 
not fully realized, it is man's fault alone. 

The first location was made under the pre-emption law, in May, 1851, by 
Henry Anson. The season was noted for the remarkably high water. Mr. Anson 
built his pre-emption cabin on what is now Main street, near First avenue, 
May 25th of that year, and remained here about one month. He then went to 
Dubuque and filed his papers. 

The cabin thus erected was the joint work of Isaac Myers and William 
Asher, who assisted Mr. Anson in the labor of making his claim. When the 
first log house was put up, the region for several miles about was an unbroken 
prairie, dotted with beautiful groves and watered by running streams. 

Mr. Anson came to this county on horseback, for the swollen condition of 
the streams and sloughs prevented the passage of wagons. 

At the time of his coming to Marshall County, Mr. Anson had for 
"neighbors," that is, within a radius of several miles, the pioneers on Linn 
and Timber Creeks, and those who had gone north of Linn to the Minerva 
Creek settlement. He was at no loss for elbow room. 

During his travels, Mr. Anson had seen the beautiful town of Marshall, 
Michigan, and such pleasant recollections clung to him of his sojourn in the 
valley of the Kalamazoo that he determined to name this region Marshall, in 



468 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

honor thereof. The resemblance between these localities was, and still is, very 
striking. The appropriateness of the name will be admitted, since the county 
had already been designated Marshall. 

Mr. Anson had left his relatives in Bureau County, Illinois, when he started 
out on a prospecting tour, and thither he repaired when his pre-emption was 
effected. 

William Kails had made a squatter's claim on the lands immediately north 
of Anson's site, and it was the latter's desire to induce his brothers-in-law, John 
A. Kelley and Wells S. Rice, to locate thereon, or near him. To that end, Mr. 
Anson made the trip to Illinois, as before stated, during the Winter of 1851-52. 
The mission was successful, but Mr. Anson had to return before the others were 
ready to start. He was in hopes of finding the Mississippi in a passable con- 
dition, but was disappointed in that calculation, and did not effect a crossing 
until he reached Ncav Buffalo. This long journey on horseback consumed so 
much time that he did not reach his cabin in MarsPiall until in the Spring. The 
very day he reached his destination he was joyfully surprised to see his two 
brothers-in-law drive up to the cabin. The meeting was one which can better 
be imagined than described. 

Anson purchased Ralls' claim for $400, or thereabouts, and transferred it to 
Kelley. The latter did not find the outlook so pleasing as he imagined, and in 
the Winter of 1852, sold his claim to John Childs. Mr. K. returned to Illi- 
nois the following Spring. 

Mrs. Anson's family was the first to locate on the site of Marshall. Henry, 
Elizabeth R., Horace, Almira (now Mrs. William Walters), and Emily (now 
Mrs. Haviland), constituted the pioneer band. The settlement was made in 
the Spring of 1852. 

The family mansion was built of logs and stood just east of the town plat, 
but was afterward removed to the west side of Center street, south of where the 
City Bank block now stands, in 1853. 

There was need of a store in such a thriving little town, and, although the 
village existed only in the mind of Mr. Anson, Mr. Rice put up a grout build- 
ing and prepared to open a store. The edifice was not much of a palace, but it 
was good enough for the times, and stood where the Willard House now stands, 
next door east of the Boardman House. 

In the Fall of 1852, the third stock of goods ever purchased for the Mar- 
shall market was bought in St. Louis, by Mr. Rice, and landed at Keokuk. 
The water was so high that the stock could not be shipped overland at once, and 
in the Winter of 1852-53, Mr. Anson hauled the goods, via Oskaloosa, to their 
destination. 

There was a hogshead of sugar that proved too much for the team, and it 
was dumped off some distance from the store, by the side of the road. The 
country was so honest in those days, that no trouble was experienced from 
thieves, and there the sugar remained until it was gradually taken to the store, 
as occasion required. 

The first birth occurred before the town was surveyed. Adrian C. Anson, 
son of Henry Anson, was born April 17, 1852. 

The first death occurred Aug. 10, 1853, the deceased being a daughter of 
Silas Chorn. 

The first weddings were Miles Rice to Miss E. Anson, and Horace Anson 
to Miss E. Smith, both being solemnized at once. 

The village of Marshall was surveyed on the northwest quarter of the north- 
east quarter and northeast quarter of the northwest quarter of Section 35, and 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 469 

southeast quarter of the southwest quarter and southwest quarter of the south- 
east quarter of Section 26, Town 84 north, Range 18 west. This* was the 
Anson claim, which lays south of the present Main street, and the John Childs 
daim. which adjoins it on the north. 

There have been numerous additions to the village and city plat from time 
to time, but all these are matters of plain record and need not be specially 
referred to here. 

The survey was made in August, 1853, and was recorded on the 15th of 
that month. 

Mr. Childs traded and sold his entire interest to Reuben H. Webster soon 
after the survey. 

Mr. Childs had put up a log cabin in the edge of the timber, on his prop- 
erty, and after the village was laid out, he moved the building to the north side 
of Main street. He lived in it while the first frame house was in process of 
construction, in the Summer and Fall of 1853. 

Mr. Anson bought this house before it was completed, and finished it for 
his own residence. It was in this building that the first regular window sash 
in town was placed. The building still stands and is used by Mr. Lacey as a 
grocery store. 

The first school in the vicinity was taught by Neri Hoxie, in a log building 
just west of the town site, in the Winter of 1853-4. 

The first ministers were Solomon Dunton, the pioneer missionary, whose 
name figures so conspicuously in the annals of this county, and Mr. Armstrong. 
The former came to this region when there was no Marslialltown. 

The first year of the existence of the village was such a one as almost 
every new town experiences, and was marked by a healthy development, 
although by no special incidents of an important character. 

In 1854, Greenleaf M. Woodbury chose Marshall as his future home. The 
presence of a man of his power and vigor of character was at once felt. He 
inaugurated measures of permanent value, and at that early day exerted a wide 
influence upon the susceptible community. 

The little hamlet recognized the leadership thus quietly assumed by Mr. 
W^oodbury, and when within a year he set in motion his mill upon the river, 
north of the town, he was regarded as one of the governing spirits of the 
place. Throughout his residence in Marshall County, Mr. Woodbury worked 
for the advancement of the region, and his name is connected with railroad 
enterprises, schools and other public interests in a manner equal, if not supe- 
rior, to that of any citizen. This passing tribute is paid here, but a more fitting 
mention of his deeds is recorded in almost every event of moment which is 
elaborated within the covers of this volume. 

The first hotel was opened by L. D. Anson, who named his place of enter- 
tainment the Marshall House, in 1854-5. 

Dr. Bissell was the first physician. 

In 1854, the agitation over the county seat question kept Marshall in a 
state of turmoil. This subject is exhaustively treated in a special chapter, and 
need not be duplicated in this sketch. 

The name of Marshall became a confusing one, as there was a post office 
-elsewhere in the State bearing a similar title. The people, therefore, changed 
-the name of the place to that of 

MARSHALLTOWN. 

The first post office was established in 1854, with Wells S. Rice, as Postmaster. 



470 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

In 1856, George Glick came to Marshalltown and associated with E. Willi- 
grod in business, occupying the frame building on the corner of Main and 
First streets. In 1856,"^ Mr. Glick succeeded Mr. Rice as Postmaster. Dur- 
ing the years of his incumbency until 1860, the mail service was primitive 
enough. The only means of carrying it was by team, and during high-water 
season the pouches were frequently soaked through. 

The office of Postmaster has since then been held by H. D. Ranney, M. 
Rosenbaum, E. N. Chapin, J. E. Page, Elliot Shurtz, and again by E. N. 
Chapin, who is the present incumbent. 

The first painter in Marshalltown was Daniel Kelley, and of him Mr. Glick 
relates the following incident which is illustrative of the feeling which pervaded 
the town at that time. Kelley noticed that there was a change in the old firm 
by the entrance of Mr. Glick into partnership with Mr. Willigrod. The firm 
advertised their business by a sign placed across the sidewalk, from a post in 
front of the building. A day or two after the advent of Glick, Kelley came 
up with a ladder and paint-pot and quietly erased the name of the former part- 
ner without saying a word to the members of the firm. The next day he came 
again and painted the word ''Glick " where it belonged on the sign. While he 
was thus engaged, the gentleman whose name he was taking such freedom with 
accosted him and said: "Kelley, who told you to do that?" "No one," 
responded the painter. "Well, you may never get your pay for the work."' 
said Mr. G. "I don't care about that," answered the painter, "but while I 
stay here I propose to have the signs right." 

E. C. Holcomb was the first tinsmith. 

Those were social days. A dance was quietly gotten up, and Smith, the 
village fiddler, was often called upon to help the night through. Ladies dressed 
in calico and men in corresponding garb, but all were happy and contented, if 
we may judge by the stories told us now. The little parties used to last until 
eleven o'clock in the evening, and the participants were never weary from 
fasliionable dissipation. 

The Postmaster might drive dull care away by getting up a foot-race, now 
and then, with some fleet young Indian ; and if he did, no one seemed shocked, 
but all turned out and watched the sport. 

In 1856, there were but 821 families in the entire county, with 2,411 male, 
and 2,040 female residents, and social lines were not drawn as strictly as they 
are now. 

In 1858, the first newspaper was published in the village, and from the first 
issue we have made a compilation of items, as reminders of the past. 

In Vol. I, No. 1, of the Marshall County Times, dated Oct. 14, 1858, we 
find the following announcement in the local column : "The first agricultural 
fair ever held in this county, commences in this town to-day, and lasts for three 
days," and then it goes on to urge the farmers and mechanics to do credit to 
themselves by an appropriate display in their respective lines of business. It 
proceeds further to say, that "election has just passed off at this place, with con- 
siderable excitement over the township ticket," with the following result : 
Trustees, W. H. Bibb, 39 majority ; Alonzo Butler, 38 majority ; Joseph H. 
Smith, 25 majoi'ity. Assessor, R. A. Taylor, 45 majority. Town Clerk, 
H. D. Ranney^ 68 majority. Justices, N. F. Yearaans, 61 majority ; H. H. 
Nash, 46 majority. Supervisors, District No. 1, S. Brooks, 18 majority; No. 
2, Samuel Dwight, 1 majority ; No. 3, L. Pierson, 9 majority. From election 
it moves to the first hard frost of the season, Oct. 6, which had eftectually kdled 
vegetation, without, however, much injuring the corn. From frost to sugar 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 471 

cane, and we are told that a large amount has been raised in the county the 
past season, and that Henry Anson, Esq., has a number of acres of fine quality. 
Moreover, he is having a crushing mill made at the foundry of Chester Heald, 
"and it is expected that sugar-making will go off by steam in a few days." 

Further on, we learn that the citizens of the village of La Fayette have 
changed the name of their town to Albion, a change every way for the better, 
since the town has heretofore been called by one name, and the post office bv 
another, which has been the cause of a good deal of confusion. 

In an editorial, we are told that at last "the monster feat is accomplished ! 
We are tied — the New World — to sweet auld Ireland by a rope of metal. The 
electric currents have danced over the wires in the dark depths of the ocean, 
and man has sent his thought a voyager from continent to continent. Wild was 
the joy through the land, when rulers of the two great nations of the earth ex- 
changed their congratulations over the successful accomplishment of the bold 
experiment. A few more messages came, and then it was silent ; no more the 
railway of thought, but a mere useless rope cumbering the bottom of the ocean. 
W^e know not the difficulty, whether it can be remedied or not. We hope for the 
best, though we hear gloomy rumors of breakings and partings in mid-ocean." 
That grave fear was very speedily dispelled, and one smiles now to remember 
how short a time ago one of our most fixed and indisputable agencies, was but 
a vague uncertain experiment. 

Then comes a congratulation of the improvements going on in the town. 
Many buildings are going up of a tasteful and substantial character. Among 
them are the new residences of H. C. Henderson, Esq., and J. M. Sherwood, 
Esq., Dr. Statler and H. Dargitz, which "will be ornaments to the place, and 
monuments to the good sense and taste of the gentlemen above named." Then 
we are informed that an independent military company has been lately formed 
which is called the "Bowen Guards," in honor of Gen. Bowen, of Iowa City. 
"The company numbers some forty-five men, and they make a fine appearance 
as we have seen them on drill in the Court House." And, as the editor is one 
of the number, he infers that "in the course of a few weeks, said company will 
be able to do some pretty tall fighting if it should be necessary, and they 
could nt run.'' Then the organization of a lodge of Good Templars is alluded 
to, which has "a respectable number of members." 

From temperance the editor launches out into astronomy, with the following : 
"This strange visitor (the comet) from the unfathomed void of the universe, is 
yet with us, and we have grown so familiar with his cometship as to think he is 
no great shakes after all — all shine, shimmer and gas — not half so good a world 
to live in, or raise corn on as this much-abused but solid old earth ! As to 
what a comet is, the knowing ones appear wonderfully to disagree, and as every- 
one appears to be guessing about it, we being something of a Yankee, will guess 
too. From all the information we can get, we come to the following guess : 
That the period of this comet in its orbit is about 300 years. That its first 
appearance in the heavens of which we have any account, was in the tenth 
century of the Christian era, the next in the thirteenth, the next in the sixteenth, 
and its appearance at the present in the nineteeth century. By some its period 
is supposed to be thirty years only, and that we may look for its reappearance 
in 1889 or 1890. There is one thing pretty certain, that the most learned as- 
tronomers know but little about these wandering gentry, or what purpose they 
fill in the machinery of the universe. We hope, however, that they will steer 
clear of this little earth of ours, for, notwithstanding the assertion of savants to 
the contrary, we fear the result of such a collision would be serious." 



472 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

The comet disposed of, we take a sip at the leader, which outlines the future 
policy of the paper, and find that it intends to be "zealous and firm without 
fanaticism; determined, but not revolutionary," in its support of the Repub- 
lican party; that, "believing the welfare of the whole community depends upon 
the success and prosperity of the farmer," each week Avill have a portion of the 
paper devoted to agricultural interests. Turning to that column, we are con- 
founded with the assertion that women should learn to milk, and with some 
rules as to farm work in October. 

From the news and editorial matter we turn to the advertising columns, and 
find the name of "Henry C. Henderson, Attorney and Counselor at Law" 
heading the first column, and following close upon that, a "professional notice" 
by Dr. Statler and Dr. Taylor, tendering their medical services to the residents 
of Marshalltown. A few Iowa City advertisements intervene, and then comes 
the card of "Timothy Brown, Attorney and Counselor at Law. Real Estate 
Agent, Taxes paid, Abstracts furnished, and Foreign Collections attended to 
promptly. La Fayette, M.arshall County, Iowa." Directly under this is a 
similar card from Thomas J. Wilson, also of La Fayette. William P. Hep- 
burn's name, with the same announcement, folloAVS, but he is located at Mar- 
shall. After ''Wm. Bremner, County Surveyor for Marshall County," Iowa 
City, Muscatine, Davenport and Rock Island notices fill the column, until at 
the very end we find two lines, "Hardware and Queensware of every kind and 
quality at Willigrod's." On the next page we are confronted the first thing 
with "For Sale — A house and lot, very cheap. Enquire of E. Willigrod."' 
Then six Sheriff's sales; and heading the third page we find "Drugs and Med- 
icines, George Glick." Underneath is the dissolution notice of the partner- 
ship between Glick and Willigrod. Further on is a "Take Notice" that all 
persons indebted to the above firm are requested "to come to the scratch and 
save costs." Cooper & White, of La Fayette, head their dry goods advertise- 
ment with a display announcement of "The High School Located at La Fay- 
ette!" This is twice repeated in the same issue, as, indeed, are all of the other 
advertisements, the fourth page being an exact duplicate of the third, with the 
exception of the reading matter. 

There are two notices to the " Stockholders of the Marshall County High 
School Company," E. H. Cliapin, President; Thomas J. Wilson, Secretary; 
one to those who have taken stock in it "payable in material or labor," who 
are called upon to come forward and make some arrangement in regard to the 
kind of material they desire to furnish, or the manner of work they are ready 
to perform. The second is to the same stockholders, who are notified that 
"the Board of Directors have this day levied a second installment of twenty- 
five per cent., the same to be collected within sixty days." Then P. C. Hol- 
corab has a large cut of a cooking stove, and follows it with a schedule of 
"eave troughs, conductors, spouting, sink lining, copper wash-boilers, skimmers, 
riddles, pans, tea-kettles, })ails, tops for chimneys, stove-pipes, tubes, etc." 
And H. C. Knapp, of La Fayette, states that he will sell groceries lower than 
can be found anywhere else. And further on, J. Fisher gives a half column to 
his "Ready-Pay Store," where all kinds of produce will be taken in exchange. 
And lastly, H. H. Seymour, under the head of "Lost," describes a promissory 
note "executed in February last, by Jotham Keyes and George W. Voris 
to Emory Truesdell. There was $101 due on said note when it was 
lost," and all persons are forbidden to purchase said note, as he has never 
sold it. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 473^ 



CHURCHES. 

The religious history of Marshalltown forms an interesting part of the 
record, not only of the development of the place, but of the county as well, for 
the influence of the various societies was far-reaching. The introduction of the 
refining and civilizing element of regular Avorship is one of the most conspicu- 
ous eras in the annals of a county. 

We place the several societies in their chronological order. 

The Methodist Episcopal Church. — This society was first organized as the 
Marshalltown Mission. In 1851, Rev. S. Dunton, familiarly known as 
"Father Dunton, " then of Iowa City, being aware of the needs of Central 
Iowa for missionary work, determined to undertake the founding of a mission 
here. Father Dunton acted under the Rev. Decimus Young, Presiding Elder 
of the Iowa City District, Iowa Conference, three years before the organization 
of the Upper Iowa Conference. Late one night, in 1852, he reached a cabin 
on Linn Creek, occupied by Mr. Ralls, chilled and hungry from his long ride 
on horseback, for that was the only means of locomotion in the "saddle-bag 
period." After enjoying the hospitality of Mr. Ralls, he made an attempt to 
go onward to Marietta, but after traveling, perhaps twenty miles, and trying to 
cross the creek, the high water having swung the only bridge from its position, 
he was obliged to return to Iowa City and wait a more favorable opportunity. 
Late in the Spring he came back and organized a class, or rather the first 
church in Marshall County, at Mr. Griffith's, at the corner of Le Grand 
Township. 

The names of the ofiicial members of that year, as nearly as can be remem- 
bered, were Isaac GriflBth, Allen Dingy, Henry Starry, Andrew Jackson Smith, 
J. Hestwood, and two men of the name of Bruce. The mission had, during 
the first year, an appropriation of $75, of which the Presiding Elder received 
|25, and the remaining $50 went to Father Dunton, which, with $2 (quarter- 
age) made $52, which was the entire salary of this pioneer of Methodism. He 
remained in charge one year, and reported at its close fifteen members. The 
Marshalltown Circuit, at this date, included Marshalltown, Albion, Marietta, 
Timber Creek, Three Mile Grove, Le Grand and Indiantown, in Tama County. 

Rev. John Stewart, of the Iowa Conference, succeeded Father Dunton, and 
remained on the circuit for one year. Rev. VVm. Armstrong was appointed to 
the work in 1854, and also remained but one year. Little is recorded of his 
ministerial work. In the Fall of 1855, Father Dunton was re-appointed to the 
circuit, and had a prosperous year. He had a revival at Marshalltown, and 
accessions to the church all over the work. This year the Upper Iowa Confer- 
ence was formed, and Marshalltown passed under its jurisdiction. Father 
Dunton remained this time but a single year. 

In the Fall of 1856, the Rev. A. T. Shinn was appointed by the Upper 
Iowa Conference, Rev. J. M. Rankin being Presiding Elder. Brother Shinn 
was a quaint and forcible preacher, and had been at one time temporary Chap- 
lain of the House of Representatives. The following is his prayer upon that 
occasion: "Great God, bless the young and growing State of Iowa; bless 
her Senators and Representatives; bless her State officers; give us a sound 
currency, pure water and undefiled religion, for Christ's sake. Amen." Brother 
Shinn remained one year and a part of another at this work, and was then 
stricken with mental aberration. He left his duties and moved with his family 
to Nebraska, where he died. Sister Shinn is still a worthy claimant upon the 
Fifth Collection Fund of the Upper Iowa Conference. 



474 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

The unexpired portion of Mr. Shinn's year was supplied by Rev. C. G. 
Truesdell, then a local preacher at Iowa City, subsequently an efficient member 
of the Upper Iowa Conference, and now a member of the Rock River Conference. 

In 1857, the Sabbath school of the M. E. Church of Marshalltown was 
formed and H. C. Henderson elected its first Superintendent, which position he 
held for twelve years. In the Fall of 1858, the Rev. C. Babcock was appointed 
to this work and remained only one year. During the ministry of Mr. Bab- 
cock the famous county seat fight occurred between Marietta, the old county 
seat, and Marshalltown. In this contest Mr. Babcock took sides with Marshall- 
town, thereby incurring the most bitter displeasure of the citizens of the former 
place, who not only refused to hear him dispense to them the word of life, but 
also gave him severe personal abuse, a warning to all preachers of the Gospel 
not to enter into ordinary political squabbles or local fights, continually liable 
to arise in any community. At the end of his first year he was succeeded by 
Rev. L. Truesdell, in 1859, who remained two years, and was the first preacher 
of the charge who made any written record. He says, among other things : 
"There being very imperfect records of Marshalltown circuit, and some of the 
former Pastors being dead, it was impossible to secure information proper to be 
recorded in this book, prior to 1859. I have, therefore, only recorded the 
names and conditions as I found them upon my arrival, and as this appointment 
was the first made at this station, and as there had never been a legally incorporated 
Board of Trustees, or correct minutes of any proceeding, I therefore thought 
best to make up the record from the best information I could get without refer- 
ence to any former administration, and only record such names and facts as are 
personally known to me." 

The present church building enterprise was inaugurated by Mr. Truesdell. 
prior to this period. The preaching was done in the school house and in the 
Court House. From records and reports it is gathered that the church, about 
this time, began to take on more organic form than at any time previous in her 
history, and that the pastorate of Brother Truesdell was a successful one. He 
was succeeded by the Rev. J. K. Fuller, who entered upon his work in the Fall 
of 1861, and remained one year. Nothing special occurred during his ministry. 
His audiences were good, his sermons instructive and his influence in the town 
salutary. He remained only one year, and left the church in a good condition. 

In the Fall of 1862, the Rev. Thomas Thompson was appointed to Mar- 
shalltown. No special interest manifested itself during his one year's stay. 

Rev. J. M. Rankin received hi? appointment in the Fall of 1863, and continued 
in it for two years. He had been previously Presiding Elder. The Rev. A. B. 
Kendig entered this charge in 1864, and during his year, the church passed 
through a revival. The parsonage property south of the church was sold this 
yeai", but was regained again in 1873, by Rev. S. A. Lee. He was succeeded 
by Rev. S. N. Fellows in 1866. His influence among the young people was 
good, and his work Avas attended by a marked revival. This gentleman received 
the appointment of Professor in the Iowa State University, which he accepted, 
and resigned his pastorate. His resignation was very much regretted by church 
and community. 

Rev. 1. K. Tuttle came in the Fall of 1867, and remained two years. The 
parsonage property north of South Main street was purchased this year and 
afterward exchanged for the one sold during Mr. Kendig's administration. He 
left the church in a good condition. 

Rev. H. S. Church came in the Fall of 1869. His ministry gave general 
satisfaction. 





EDITOR MARSHALLTOWN REPUBUCAfJ 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 477 

The Rev. Richard Swearengen was appointed to the charge in the Fall of 
1870. He was regarded as a very able preacher, and carried the church 
through one of the most critical periods of her history. He remained two 
years and left the city universally respected by all. 

The Rev. Simon A. Lee came in the Fall of 1872, and remained two years 
and did as faithful work as was ever performed by Pastor in Marshalltown. The 
church was largely increased in membership and its financial condition was 
greatly enhanced. 

Rev. John Clinton arrived on the ground October 18, 1874. He decided 
to inaugurate steps to improve and add to the present church property. On the 
19th of September, 1875, the addition and remodeling of the church having 
been completed, it was dedicated. The cost attending this work, including fur- 
nishing, was about $5,500, a very small portion of which had to be raised on 
the day of dedication. 

Rev. S. W. Heald came in October, 1877, and has been a faithful laborer. 
A large revival has been held during his administration, and the Church is 
generally progressing. 

The above history was chiefly compiled by Rev. John McClinton, and is 
taken from the records of the Church. 

The First Presbyterian Qhurch organized on the 15th day of March, 1858, 
with about thirteen members — Rev. James Gordon, Pastor. John Fisher, Jr., 
and James Fairman were elected Elders, and John Fisher, Jr., Clerk. Rev. 
James Gordon preached at stated times for a period of from two to three years. 
In February, 1862, the records of the Church were destroyed by the burning 
of the store of John Fisher, Jr. In the Fall of 1862, an auxiliary society was 
organized, under the name of the First Presbyterian Society of Marshalltown. 
Rev. L. H. Loss, more commonly known as De Loss, being the minister in 
charge of the Church. In the Spring of 1864, through the efforts of Mr. 
De Loss, the Church and society took steps toward the erection of a house of 
worship. A loss of from ten to fifteen hundred dollars, through the rascality 
of one of the contractors, caused the work of building to drag. The house 
was completed and dedicated in November, 1865, at a cost of nearly twelve 
thousand dollars. 

On July 12, 1865, Rev. Mr. De Loss departed this life. He is remem- 
I)ered as a man of great ability and energy and large public spirit. The Cem- 
etery Association is chiefly indebted to him for its organization. Rev. H. H. 
Kellogg accepted a call to the pulpit August 29, 1865. The officers at this 
time were: W. C. Ranney, V. V. Draper and J. H. Bradley, Elders; J. H. 
Bradley, Clerk. Membership, January 1, 1865, fifty-two. Rev. Mr. Kellogg 
remained in charge of the Church until Januarv 1, 1868. Membership, Jan- 
uary 1, 1868, 126. Oflicers— W. C. Ranney," J. H. Bradley, N. Gillespie, 
Chester Clark and B. K. Adams, Elders ; B. K. Adams, Clerk. Rev. Joshua 
Cooke supplied the pulpit from January 1, 1868, to January 1, 1869. Rev. 
H. B. Goodale was installed as Pastor of the Church on July 4, 1869. He 
remained with the Church, as Pastor, until April 27, 1873. Rev. W. W. 
Thorpe was called to the Church May 19, 1873. His services as Pastor con- 
tinued until October 15, 1876. Rev. J. M. Carmichael has occupied the 
pulpit since February, 1877. Membership, April 1, 1878, 177. 

The Baptist Church. — A meeting of Baptists was held at the residence of 

Delos Arnold, in Marshalltown, August 25, 1863, at which the " First Regular 

Baptist Church of Marshall" was organized. On this occasion. Rev. J. B. 

■ Peat acted as Moderator, and G. S. Eddy as Clerk. The following persons 



478 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

were present and put in their letters from other churches, and constituted the 
first membership: Henry James and wife, A. Leroy and wife, A. Stone and 
wife, Delos Arnold and wife, S. Remington and wife, Hannah Geitgy, Elizabeth 
Wickersham, Mary Randall and Catherine Lodge. The Church maintained 
regular meetings and received accessions from time to time, although without a 
Pastor or house of worship, until January 3, 1865, when a call was extended 
to Rev. A. F. Willey, of Burlington, who accepted the pastorate and took charge 
of the Church in March of the same year. The first public meetings were held 
in Woodbury Hall, and later in the Court House. Shortly after Mr. Willey 's 
arrival, a Sunday school was organized. 

During the month of May of the same year, a lot was purchased on Church 
street, south of the S(juare, at a cost of $500, and a subscription paper was cir- 
culated to secure funds for building a house of worship. Very little was done 
that season toward building. Rev. Mr. Willey was continued as Pastor the 
next year (186()) ; and in March, a plan Avas adopted and authority was given 
a committee to proceed with the erection of the fine ediffice which now graces 
the central part of the city. The structure was not completed until the Spring 
of 1868. Its cost was $17,500. 

In 1866, the membership had increased to fifty-nine. In May of this year, 
Pastor Willey was prostrated by sickness, and resigned his charge. On the 
16th of December, same year, a call was extended to Rev. 0. A. Holmes. He 
accepted the call, and remained with the Church until November 4, 1871, when 
he resigned. During his pastorate, the church building was completed, and 
dedicated April 5, 1868. Rev. N. F. Ravlin preached the sermon of dedica- 
tion. During this period, the Church had increased largely in membership and 
influence. 

In February, 1872, Rev. Lyman J. Fisher accepted a call from the Church, 
and continued his labors successfully until January, 1874, when, by reason of 
ill health, he was led to resign. In September, 1874, Rev. D. N. Mason ac- 
cepted the pastorate, and occupied the pulpit until December 31, 1875. Dur- 
ing the Spring of 1876, Rev. J. C. Hurd was called, and labored diligently 
until May, 1878, when he resigned. 

At present, the Church is without a Pastor. It has a membership of about 
two hundred, and a handsome church edifice. 

St. Matthetv's (Episcopal) Ohurch, Marshalltown. — The first religious serv- 
ices held in Marshalltown (and probably tlie first in Marshall County), accord- 
ing to the usages of the Protestant Episcopal Church, were held on the first 
Sunday in November, 1868, in Woodbury Hall, morning and afternoon, by the 
Rev. X. A. Welton, then Rector of Gethsemane Church, Iowa Center. 

The next were held in the same place, in the evening of August 15, 1864, 
by the Rt. Rev. H. W. Lee, Bishop of the Diocese, assisted by the Rev. C. S. 
Percival, then Rector of Grace Church, Cedar Rapids. These services were 
well attended, and the musical portion impressively rendered by a volunteer 
choir. 

From this time, occasional services were held by Bishop Lee and the Rev. 
Mr. Percival, until the latter part of the year 1867, when, on the 18th of 
December, the first meeting Avas held looking toward a permanent organization. 
This meeting Avas held in the office of C. W. Fracker, Avho was appointed a 
committee to solicit funds for the support of a clergyman, the rent of a place of 
worship and other necessary expenses. 

The meeting at Avhich the parish Avas formally organized, Avas held at the 
office of C. W. Fracker, the Rev. C. S. Percival presiding, on the 23d of 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 479 

March, 1868. Articles of Incorporation were adopted, the parish was duly 
organized under the name of St. Matthew's Church, and the following persons 
Avere elected as the first Vestry : Herman Howe, C. W. Fracker, A. C. Abbott, 
E. G. Sleight, J. H. H. Frisbee, Wm. W. Williams and C. C. Lytle. Mr. 
Howe was chosen Senior Warden ; Mr. Fracker, Junior Warden ; Mr. Abbott, 
Treasurer; and Mr. Frisbee, Clerk. 

On the 10th of May, 1868, the Rev. C. S. Percival, having been informally 
in charge of the organization from the first, was duly chosen Rector of the 
parish, ;it a salary of $500 for services every other Sunday, he being employed 
as Missionary at Tama City, on the alternate Sundays. This arrangement was 
continued until the close of the year 1869, when his constant services were 
received at a salary of $1,100 per annum. Thus, within two years of the time 
of its organization, the parish became self-supporting, with a Rector constantly 
employed. This achievement, unprecedented in the history of the Diocese, did 
not fail to receive the hearty congratulations of the Bishop and of the Diocesan 
Convention. 

The Vestry, soon after the organization of the parish, secured (first by rent 
and afterward by purchase) the Lutheran Church, on River (now State) street, 
and continued to occupy it as a place of worship during the rectorship of the 
Rev. Mr. Percival, which terminated on the 1st of January, 1871. 

At that time, the parish consisted of sixty-five families, ninety-two commu- 
nicants and a congregation numbering in all above 200 souls. About the 1st 
of March, 1871, the church on State street was sold to the Swedes for $2,000, 
the mortgage on the ^ame amounting to $1,500. Soon after this, a lot was 
purchased on Church street, and measures were immediately taken for building 
thereon a stone church to cost about $8,000. On the 29th of August, 1871, the 
Rt. Rev. Bishop Lee, assisted by the Rev. Samuel Edson, of Cedar Rapids, and 
the Rev. C. S. Percival, then of Independence, laid the corner stone of the new 
edifice with impressive ceremonies, in the presence of a large concourse of people. 

The opening service in the new church was held about a year from that 
time, viz., on the 14th of July, 1872, by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Lee, assisted 
by the Rev. T. B. Kemp, then of Oskaloosa. The rectorship of the parish 
continued vacant until the following month (over a year and a half in all) when 
the Rev. W. F. Morrison received and accepted a call to the position of Minis- 
ter in Charge. This arrangement continued about ten months, ^. e., till the 
12th of June, 1873, when the Parish again became vacant. 

About this time, the Rev. R. D. Brooke, of Davenport, received and 
accepted a call as Rector, but did not enter upon the duties of his office until 
the following September. Mr. Brooke held the rectorship but one year, when 
he accepted a call to another field of labor. 

After a vacancy of nearly two years, the Rev. C. T. Stout, of Fort Dodge, 
accepted a call to the Rectorship, in the latter part of June, 1876. This 
clergyman held the position of Rector a year and nine months, resigning the 
same on the 18th, of March, 1878. Since that time the parish has again been 
vacant, although the Rev. C. S. Percival, the founder and first Rector of the 
parish (now Principal of Percival Academy, Marshalltown, and Missionary at 
Ames), holds divine service every other Sunday. 

The frequent change of Rectors, the short pastorates and the long vacancies, 
together with the heavy debt (amounting now to nearly $6,000), have told 
sadly upon the prosperity of the parish. Fears have been expressed that the 
property (one of the most beautiful churches in the Diocese) may be irredeem- 
ably alienated, and even that the organization may be given up. But it is 



•480 • HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

/ 

devoutly to be hoped that so great a disaster will, in some way, be averted. 
During all their discouragements, the parishioners have kept up a prosperous 
Sunday school, averaging sixty or seventy scholars ; and a parish that maintains 
a live Sunday school is very far from being dead. 

The following well-known gentlemen compose the present Vestry : C. W. 
Tracker, C. Holmdale, A. C. Abbott, E. G. Sleight, J. E. Deitrich, A. F. 
Havadon and S. P. Knisely. The first two named are the Wardens ; Mr. 
Deitrich is Secretary, and Mr. Knisely is Treq^urer. 

The First Congregational Church. — Until the Summer of 1868, the Con- 
gregationahsts who came to this place, inasmuch as there was here no church 
of their own order, attached themselves to the Presbyterian Church. But as 
they continued to come in considerable numbers, and as the town promised large 
growth, it was believed that the time had arrived for the organization of a Con- 
gregational Church. In accordance, therefore, with the custom in such cases, 
those interested in the enterprise, proceeded to call a Council from neighboring 
Congregational Churches to meet with and advise them in the matter, and if it 
should seem best, to aid in the organization of such a church. 

In response to the invitation, there were present from the Church in Belle 
Plaine — Rev. D. Lane, Pastor ; J. Baker, delegate ; Boonsboro — Rev. 0. C. 
Dickerson, Pastor ; Green Mountain — Rev. R. Stuart, Pastor ; J. C. Hopkins, 
delegate ; Oxford — Rev. H. L. BuUen, Pastor ; Geo. Blake, delegate ; also, 
Rev. J. Guernsey, D. D., Superintendent of Home Missions in Iowa, for the 
American Home Missionary Society. 

By the courtesy of the Baptist brethren, the meeting was held in their 
house of worship, at 10 A. M., July 9, 1868. The moi'ning session was spent 
as a meeting for prayer. At 2 P. M., the Council was organized by the elec- 
tion of Rev. D. Lane, as Moderator, and Rev. H. L. Bullen, as Scribe. At 
the request of the Moderator A. C. Carpenter, as committee in behalf of those 
calling the Council, stated in full the reasons for the step now taken, and the 
need of such a church in Marshalltown. The minutes of all the proceedings, 
preliminary hereto were read by Honestus H. Johnson. The Confession of 
Faith and Covenant, proposed to be adopted were also read, and the names of 
those intending to enter into the organization, with their letters of dismission 
and recommendation from other churches. 

The Council found the various statements and the letters all orderly and 
satisfactory ; and advised that the organization be made, which was formally 
done at 8 o'clock the same evening, at the place above mentioned. The fol- 
lowing are the names of those who constituted the original members of the First 
Congregacional Church of Marshalltown. 

Abner H. McNitt and Mrs. Sophronia D. McjSTitt, Mrs. S. Jeannette 
Miller, A. C. Carpenter and Mrs. Ann Carpenter, Honestus H. Johnson and 
Mrs. Anna M. Jolinson, Dea. Joseph Greeley, Nathan Wheeler and Mrs. Mary 
Wheeler, Laura Wlieeler, daughter of the above ; eleven in all. Of these, six 
(at this writing, Aug., 1878), remain in the Church; three have died; two 
have removed from the place. 

For a few weeks the young Church met, as they could, in the Baptist or 
Lutheran house of worship, and had such pulpit supply as they could secure. 

In August, they extended a call to Rev. R. B. Bull, of Henry, 111., to be- 
come their Pastor, at a salary of $1,000 per year, the Home Mission Society 
guaranteeing one-half of that sum. The year following, the same Society fur- 
nished ^lOO aid, from which time on, the church became self-supporting, having 
received in all, $900 of Home Mission aid. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 481 

Mr. Bull's ministry lasted but two years, closing Aug. 31, 1870. During 
the first year, services were held in the Court House ; the second year in Rice's 
Hall. In the latter part of this year, a movement was made toAvard building 
the present house of worship. The lot on which it stands, with the small 
dwelling in the rear, was purchased on $1,500, and the edifice erected thereon, 
was put up at a total cost of $3,815. 

Rev. W. L. Bray, of Newton, Iowa, was immediately invited as the suc- 
cessor to the pastorate, and entered on his work before October. He was in- 
stalled over the Church Dec. 22, 1870, and somewhere about the same time, the 
new house of worship was dedicated. Mr. Bray's ministry continued a little 
more than three years, or until the close of December, 1873. 

For three months following, the pulpit was supplied chiefly by Rev. G. F. 
Magoun, D. D., President of Iowa College; a call meanwhile having been ex- 
tended to Rev. W. Windsor, then of Morrisville, N. Y., who came to the pas- 
torate March 8, 1874, and who is still with the Church. 

In these ten vears of its existence, this church has grown to be one of the 
important religious agencies of the city, and has always proved itself ready for 
co-operative and aggressive Christian work. More than 100 have been lost to 
its number by the usual causes, leaving its present membership 154. Its gifts 
to all Christian missionary and charitable purposes, abroad and at home, for the 
past seven years, the time during which, record has been kept, have been about 
$1,300. The society has no incumbrance upon its property, having extin- 
guished the last remaining arrearages a year ago, and in common with its sister 
churches in the city, this one also is looking forward to a useful and prosper- 
ous future. 

Roman Catholic Church. — The first services according to the rites of the 
Romish Church in this city, were conducted by Rev. Father Lowery, of Cedar 
Rapids, some ten years or more ago. Since that time, a flourishing society has 
been built up. The present Pastor, Rev. Father Portz, observes service in 
Marshalltown, and as a missionary, in Liscomb. There is a seminary in this 
city under the charge of the Sisters. Although the time since the formal 
organization of the Church here has been brief, the society is well founded and 
includes many influential members. Father Portz is an indefatigable worker in 
his worthy cause, and is much respected both in and out of his Church. 

The Sivede Lutheran Church. — This society was organized in Marshalltown 
Jan. 18, 1870. A meeting was called to perfect the organization, at which the Rev. 
P. A. Lindahl was chosen Chairman, and John Bowman, Secretary. The first Trust- 
ees were Andrew Chandland, Louis Noyd and Carl Burg. The society organized 
with about twenty members, and purchased a church edifice from the Trustees of the 
Episcopal organization for |2,000. Rev. Mr. Westling was the first regular 
Pastor. Since its formation, the society has been steadily growing, until to-day 
it is free from all incumbrances, and has 100 members. The Rev. P. A. 
Pilghren is the present Pastor of the church ; Deacons, Carl Burg, P. Hanson, 
Andrew Elmblod and Louis Peterson ; Trustees, W. C. Rebb, N. Peterson, 
Henry Olson and Frank Engstran ; M. Peterson, Treasurer ; Henry East, 
Secretary. 

Disciples or Christian Church. — The present organization of Disciples of 
Christ was effected Feb. 15, 1877. The charter members numbered twenty, 
consisting of E. L. Lemert, Byron A. Beesen, Daniel Burkhart, Ellen Lemert, 
M. K. Huffaker, M. C. Huffaker, A. W. Weatherly, Mary L. Johnson, 0. S. 
Hill and others. The Church adopted the New Testament as their creed and only 
rule of faith and practice. On the 16th day of February, 1877, the Church 



482 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

was duly incorporated. The following Board of Trustees were elected : 
Byron A. Beesen, E. L. Leraert, 0. F. Hixson, M. K. Huifaker and A. W. 
Weatlierly. Some time after the Church was organized. Daniel Burkhart was 
chosen Elder and A. A. Wilber and A. W. Weatlierly, Deacons. The Trustees 
rented the "brick church" on West Church street, between Third and Fourth, 
and during the Spring and Summer of 1877, the pulpit was occasionally occu- 
pied by Eld. N. A. McConnell, of Cedar Rapids, Eld. F. Walden, of Albion, 
Prof. G. T. Carpenter and Prof. Laughlin, of Oskaloosa College, and others. 
On Sept. 1, 1877, Eld. L. Lane, of South Bend, Ind., was employed as Pastor 
of the Church, for one half of his time for one year, and Sept. 1, 1878, the 
Church re-employed him for his entire time. The present membership (Sep- 
tember, 1878) is fifty -five, making thirty-five additional members since the 
organization of the church. Prosperity attends all the different departments 
of the Church. The Sunday school was organized April 7, 1877. Byron A, 
Beesen was chosen Superintendent. It now numbers seventy-five. 

Young Mens Christian Association. — This society was organized in April, 
1876, with the following officers : L. E. B. Holt, President ; William Pentland, 
Vice President ; J, R. McQuiston, Secretary ; L. S. Kilborn, Treasurer. 

An interest was awakened in the cause and $400 secured to carry on the 
work. Rooms were opened in the City Bank building, and vigorous measures 
were taken to place the society on a sound financial footing. The second elec- 
tion, in 1876, placed the following officers over the society : E. W. Deitrich, 
President ; William Pentland, Vice President ; Theodore Johnson, Secretary ; 
L. S. Kilborn, Treasurer. The third election resulted in the choice of J. R. 
McQuiston, President ; E. R. Jones, Vice President ; Theodore Johnson, Sec- 
retary ; L S. Kilborn, Treasurer. 

The society was materially aided by the citizens at a public meeting held in 
Woodbury Hall, and was enabled to open spacious rooms in the Union Block. 
Here a reading room and rooms for meetings are kept in constant use, the for- 
mer being placed at the service of those who desire to read the better papers 
and publications. Religious meetings are held in the prayer and service rooms, 
to which the public are invited. The society is doing a grand work. The present 
officers are: W. B. Bently, President; A.J. Swett, Vice President; Theo- 
dore Johnson, Secretary ; William Pentland, Treasurer. 

CITY GOVERNMENT. 

Marshalltown was incorporated July, 1863. Previous to this period, the 
city was governed in much the same manner as all townships are managed at 
the present day. The officers of the city for each year from 1863 to 1879, 
are given below : 

For 1863-4 — J. L. Williams, Mayor; Peter Dalesman, Recorder; Thomas 
E. McCracken, Marshal ; G. M.Woodbury, Treasurer; H.P.Williams, Assess. 
or. Trustees — G. M. Woodbury, George Glick, R. H. Barnhart, H. E. J- 
Boardman, Thomas Murphy. 

For 1864-5— E. J. B. Statler, Mayor ; C. H. Shaw, Recorder, and Will- 
iam H. Gallup to fill vacancy; H. P. Williams, Assessor; Thomas B. Able, 
Treasurer; Thomas E. McCracken, Marshal, and A. S. Curtis, to fill vacancy. 
Trustees — E. C. Rice, William Johnson, George Glick, R. M. Barnhart, 
Thomas Murphy. 

For 1865-6 — J. B. W. Johnson, Mayor; C. H. Shaw, Recorder; A. S. 
Curtis, Marshal. Trustees — A. C. Abbott, J. H. Smith, Samuel Hull, Jabez 
Banbury, Thomas Murphy. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 483 

For 1866-7 — John Fisher, Mayor, and Obed Caswell to fill vacancy ; Geo. 
Mill, Recorder ; Thomas Murphy, Treasurer ; iSamuel Huffman, Marshal. 
Trustees— E. H. B. Statler, Sylvester Lacey, J. Banbury, W. W. Miller, R. 
Howe Taylor. 

For 1867-8 — R. M. Johnson, Mayor ; J. Lee Knight, Recorder ; Thomas 
Murphy, Treasurer : Samuel Huftman, Marshal, and M. Munsell to fill vacancy. 
Trustees— George Glick, A. 0. Abbott, G. M. Woodbury, H. Willard, J. H. 
McClain. 

March 18, 1868, the city was divided into Wards. 

For 1868-9— J. M. Parker, Mayor ; J. Lee Knight, Clerk, and H. P. 
Williams to fill vacancy ; Thomas Murphy, Treasurer ; George L. Canfield, 
Marshal; Obed Caswell, Solicitor; William Sharp, Street Commissioner; 
Thomas Murphy, Engineer. Councilmen : First Ward — William Johnson, J. 
Banbury ; Second Ward— Charles Aldrich, H. Willard ; Third Ward— J. D. 
McCord, E. Baker; Fourth Ward — George Glick, J. D. Downer. 

For 1869-70— J. M. Parker, Mayor ; H. P. Williams, Clerk ; Thomas 
Murphy, Treasurer ; "M. Munsell, Marshal, and J. D. McCord to fill vacancy ; 
Obed Caswell, Solicitor ; M. Munsell, Street Commissioner ; Thomas Murphy, 
Engineer; Fred Baum, Assessor. Councilmen: First Ward — C. M. Fracker, 
William Johnson ; Second Ward— W. H. Calhoun, H. Willard. and 0. B. 
Barrows to fill vacancy ; Third Ward— W. S. Rice, D. P. McCord ; Fourth 
Ward — John Turner, J. D. Downer. 

For 1870-71— G. M. Parker, Mayor ; L. G. Seagar, Clerk ; J. Banbury. 
Treasurer; C. J. Epenalter, Marshal, and J. D. McCord to fill vacancy ; Obed 
Caswell, Solicitor ; Solomon Brooks, Street Commissioner ; P. M. Sutton, 
Engineer ; Fred Baum, Assessor. Councilmen : First Ward — E. N. Cha- 
pin, C. W. Fracker ; Second Ward— 0. B. Barrows, W. H. Calhoun ; Third 
Ward — George Seagar, W. S. Rice; Fourth Ward — J. D. Downer, John 
Turner. 

For 1871-2 — L. W. Griswold, Mayor ; Leroy G. Seagar, Clerk ; J. Banbury, 
Treasurer ; Albert Satia, Marshal ; Solomon Brooks, Street Commissioner ; P. 
M. Sutton, Engineer, and William Bremner to fill vacancy ; Fred Baum, As- 
sessor. Councilmen : First Ward — J. C. Kuener, C. E. Bromley, and E. N. 
Chapin to fill vacancy ; Second Ward — W. H. Calhoun, 0. B. Barrews ; Third 
Ward— N. S. Rice, George Seagar ; Fourth Ward— R. Howe Taylor, H. P. 
Williams, N. F. Craig to fill vacancy. 

1872-3— L. W. Griswold, Mayor; M. H. Haviland, Clerk; J. Banbury, 
Treasurer ; A. Satia, Marshal ; J. F. Meeker, Solicitor ; Samuel Hull, Street 
Commissioner ; William Bremner, Engineer ; Fred Baum, Assessor. Council- 
men : First Ward — C. E. Bromley, William East ; Second Ward — 0. B. Bar- 
rows, W. H. Calhoun ; Third Ward— Delos Arnold, W. S. Rice ; Fourth Ward 
— N. F. Craig, H. P. Williams. 

For 1873-4— L. W. Griswold, Mayor; M. H. Haviland, Clerk; J. H. H. 
Trisbee, Treasurer; C. H. Brock, Marshal; J. F. Meeker, Solicitor; George 
Seagar, Street Commissioner ; William Bremner, Engineer ; Fred Baum, As- 
sessor. Councilmen: First Ward — C. E. . Bromley, William East; Second 
Ward — N. L. Bunco, 0. B. Barrows ; Third Ward — Delos Arnold, Sylvester 
Lacey ; Fourth Ward — B. F. Frederick, N. F. Craig. 

For 1874-5—0. B. Barrows, Mayor ; J. H. H. Frisbee, Treasurer; C. H. 
Brock, Marshal, and Albert Satia to fill vacancy ; P. M. Sutton, Solicitor ; G. 
A. Hartman, Street Commissioner ; William Bremner, Engineer ; Fred Baum, 
Assessor. Councilmen : First Ward — William East, C. E. Bromley ; Second 



484 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUxNTY. 

Ward — W. H. Calhoun, N. L. Bunce ; Third Ward — Fred Grumme, Sylvester 
Lacey ; Fourth Ward — John Turner, B. F. Frederick. 

For 1875-6—0. B. Barrows, Mayor ; A. Saddler, Clerk ; J. H. H. Fris- 
bee, Treasurer; A. Satia, Marshal; P. M. Sutton. Solicitor; G. A. Hartman, 
Street Commissioner; William Bremner, Engineer; S. H. Porter, Assessor. 
'Councilmen : First Ward — C. E. Bromley, William East ; Second Ward — N. 
L. Bunce, W. H. Calhoun ; Third Ward— S. Lacey, F. Grumme ; Fourth 
Ward— B. F. Frederick, J. Turner. 

For 187t)-7 — 0. B. Barrows, Mayor; A. Saddler, City Clerk; J. H. H. 
Frisbee, Treasurer ; A. Satia, Marshal ; J. M. Parker, Solicitor ; G. A. Hart- 
man, Street Commissioner; William Bremner, City Engineer; S. H. Porter, 
Assessor. Councilmen : First Ward — William East, C. E. Bromley ; Second. 
Ward— W. H. Calhoun, N. L. Bunce ; Third Ward— F. Grumme, S. Lacey ; 
Fourth Ward— John Turner, B. F. Frederick. 

For 1877-8— R. Howe Taylor, Mayor; Byron Webster, Clerk; J. H. H. 
Faisbee, Treasurer ; George R. Norris, Marshal ; J. M. Parker, Solicitor ; E. 
Shurtz, Street Commissioner; William Bremner, Engineer; S. H.Porter, 
Assessor. Councilmen : First Ward — William Cole, William East ; Second 
AVard— N. L. Bunce, W. H. Calhoun ; Third Ward— M. C. Wheeler, F. 
Grumme ; Fourth Ward — D. W. Cunningham, John Turner. 

For 1878-9— R. Howe Taylor, Mayor; Byron Webster, Clerk; W. F. 
Treadwell, Treasurer ; George R. Norris, Marshall ; B. L. Burt, Solicitor ; G. 
A. Hartman, Street Commissioner; William Bremner, Engineer; T. S. Kil- 
born, Assessor. Councilmen : First Ward — W. East, W. Cole, Fred J. Wood- 
bury; Second Ward — N. L. Bunce, 0. B. Barrows; Third Ward — M. C. 
Wheeler, J. D. Vail ; Fourth Ward — D. W. Cunningham, John Turner. 

The city owns a building on West Main street, where the several officers 
have appropriate rooms. 

The lower portion of the building is used by the Hook and Ladder Company 
and the Hope Hose No. 1. 

FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

Rescue Hook and Ladder Co. — This is the oldest fire organization in the 
city, dating back to 1869-70. A hook and ladder truck was purchased in 
Chicago at a cost of $1,600, and the Rescue Company was formed. 

After the great fire in 1872, the city purchased a large double-decker, Jeffer- 
son end-brake engine for $800, which they obtained in Rock Island, Illinois. 
With that came the large hose cart, carrying 1,100 feet of hose. The first truck 
was subsequently exchanged for the present large and durable one. The 
company is now in a splendid condition, being supplied with everything needed 
in case of an emergency. A. C. Sherwood was the first chief of the department. 
The present chief is C. S. Woodworth. The present officers of the Rescue 
Company are J. W. Haines, Foreman ; George W. McKinney, First Assistant. 

The Woodbury Independent Hose Company. — This company was organized, 
in 1874, under the name of the Washington Independent Engine Company. It 
originally consisted of forty members, but was at one time increased to seventy. 
Messrs.* Sowers, Waters and Woods raised the necessary amount, $600, by 
soliciting subscriptions, for the purchase of a single decker, side-brake. Button 
engine, which they purchased in Dubuque. The engine house, a frame build- 
ing, was located on Main street. Robert Vogle was the first Foreman. The 
engine was a good one and did some vei'y effective service. After the building 
of the water works, the engine was sold to the State Centre people for $600. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 485 

The company then purchased, in Auburn, N. Y., a handsome hose-cart, which 
they called the " Spider," at a cost of $400. The cart and hose weigh but 
820 pounds. The name of the company was then changed to the G. M. Wood- 
bury Independent Hose Company. They have 500 feet of linen hose. The 
engine house is located on East Main street ; is a substantial brick structure 
20x30 feet in size, and handsomely fitted up with all the necessary fire 
apparatus. They have what is called the twin coupling, which can be used 
in throwing two streams of water. The Foreman, M. K. Williams, has 
been in charge of the company since its organization, and sleeps in the 
engine house. The company pay their own gas bills and are strictly 
independent. The men are nearly all young, and are ready at a moment's 
notice to do their duty. The officers are M. K. Williams, Foreman ; George 
Canfield, First Assistant ; John Boman, Second Assistant ; William McFarlan, 
Secretary ; Oscar Blaney, Treasurer. Membership, twenty-eight. 

Alert Hose Company/, No. 2. — The Alert Hose Company was organized 
May 5, 1877. A hose-cart was purchased of Coburn & Rewey, of Marshall- 
town, for $235, and was paid for by the city. The engine house is located at 
305 South Third avenue, and is a substantial brick structure, two stories high 
and twenty -two feet square. The cart weighs 450 pounds. They have 500 
feet of linen hose. The first officers of the Alert Company were : J. H. 
Johnston, Foreman ; W. H. Harrington, First Assistant ; W. W. O'Brien, 
Second Assistant ; R. W. Westlake, Secretary ; J. W. Brackett, Treasurer. 
The present officers are : J. H. Johnson, Foreman ; W. H. Harrington, First 
Assistant ; George Bowman, Second Assistant ; J. R,. Welsh, Secretary ; J. W. 
Brackett, Treasurer. The company consists of twenty members. 

Hope Hose Company. — This company was organized in 1875, at the time 
of the building of the water works. They are allowed twenty men, but the roll 
is not filled at present. The headquarters are in the city building. N. E. Sar- 
gent is Foreman ; A. E. Walters, First Assistant ; Nathan A. Kers, Second 
Assistant. This company is well organized and constitutes an important feature 
of the department. 

WATER WORKS. 

The city is supplied with water from the Iowa River, by a system of 
Knowles pumps. The water works are located on the south bank of the stream, 
near the Woodbury Mills. The mains are laid in all the principal streets, and 
the power of the pumps is ample to furnish water for fire and ordinary 
purposes. 

A system of telegraph is maintained to warn the engineer of fires. The 
entire service is satisfactory to the city. 

The contract for works was made with Carpenter & Co., of Ottawa, for the 
sum of $46,500. The entire cost exceeded this amount, and, including exten- 
sions, is stated at $67,817. The city is now carrying some $60,000 of bonds, 
issued for this improvement. These bonds represent the bonded debt of the 
city, the financial condition of which is exceedingly satisfactory. 

This enterprise is one of the most extensive ever attempted in the city, and 
reflects great credit upon those who originated the plan and carried it to a 
successful completion. No town of its size in the State is better supplied with 
water than is this city. 

Mr. Frank Killala has general supervision of the works and supply depart- 
ment. William Fisher is Chief Engineer of the pumping house, and William 
Brush is Second Engineer. 



486 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 



POLICE. 



The City Marshal constituted the police force of the city, with occasionally 
a few appointed assistants until 1877, when three men, including the Marshal, 
were uniformed and given regular beats. In 1878, another man was added to 
the force. The Mayor is Chief of Police, with headquarters at the city build- 
ing. George R. Norris is the present Marshal. 



GAS WORKS. 



The city iS supplied Avith gas from works owned by Gabriel Carpenter, S. 
D. Carpenter. John Weare and E. E. Weare, of Cedar Rapids, but leased by 
C G. Spencer, who employs three men. The streets are not lighted with gas. 



SCHOOLS. 

[The following sketch of the Marshalltown schools, which are famous in 
the State for their excellence, is furnished for this work by a gentleman long a 
resident of the city, who is thoroughly acquainted with their history, although 
not connected with them in school work. — Editor.] 

Some of the records of the early history of the Independent District of 
Marshalltown, with the organization of which this history is to commence, are 
imperfect. But the city was separated from the adjacent territory and became 
independent in the Spring of 1864. At the regular election in March, 1864, 
the first Board of Directors was chosen, and was composed of the following 
persons : President, H. C. Henderson ; Vice President, G. R. Dewey ; Secre- 
tary, T. W. Hazen ; Treasurer, Geo. Glick ; Directors, N. F. Yeamans, Wm. 
Johnson, J. H. Smith. 

The first meeting of the Board appears by the record to have been held 
March 18, 1864. The President, H. C. Henderson, having been elected while 
absent at Des Moines attending upon the Senate, of which he was a member, 
and not yet having returned, George R. Dewey, Vice President, presided at 
this first meeting, as also at the two following meetings March 26th and April 
14th. We find by the report of the Secretary, the Board were informed that 
the services of T. N. Tucker, as Principal for the Independent District School 
of Marshalltown, could be had at a salary of $700 per year, and on motion of 
the Secretary, the Directors were instructed to immediately enter into a con- 
tract with said T. N. Tucker upon the above terras. At this meeting a motion 
was also carried instructing the Directors to lay side-walks in front of the 
school house, and also to build a six-foot platform walk in front of the build- 
ing. At this meeting a motion was carried to plant shade trees in the 
grounds around the school building. The wide-spreading branches of the 
beautiful trees that now make so attractive the school grounds, attest the 
wisdom and forethought of the men who composed the School Board at that 
time. 

During the years 1864 and 1865, the first School Board elected for the 
Independent District remained in office. The services of Mr. T. W. Tucker 
were retained as principal, with an advance in salary of $300 in the year 1865, 
over that of the previous year. The wages of the entire corps of teachers 
were raised, the system of grading the schools was begun, public examinations 
inaugurated, and the schools ran up to a higher standard of excellence than 
ever before. In the year 1864, we find the number of persons between the 



HISTORY' OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 487 

:ages of five and twenty-one in tlie district to be 545 ; the number enrolled 
upon the school record, 355; the average attendance, 205. 

In the year 1866, Thomas Benton was elected President of the Board. 
The following were the members of the School Board at that time : President. 
T. H. Benton; Vice President, Jabez Banbury; Secretary, A. C. Abbott; 
Treasurer, George Glick ; Directors, T. J. White, A. Loree. 

This Board continued until 1868. During the year 1868, Dr. Glick and Mr. 
Benton were appointed to sell the school building then occupied, and fix upon 
ground for another. Many of the citizens were opposed to the move, and much 
opposition developed. The then acting Board was thrown up and a new Board 
elected, as follows : President, T. J. Wilson; Secretary, Thos. Mercer; Treasurer, 
Jabez Banbury ; Directors, D. W. Cunningham, E. N. Chapin, B. T. Frederick. 

In the Fall of 1866, Prof. T. W. Tucker was succeeded by Prof. J. s! 
Mabie, a graduate of the Chicago University, a ripe scholar and experienced 
teacher, who conducted the schools with much skill and ability, and took a very 
active part in the contest between what was known as the "Central School" 
and the "Ward School" factions, Mr. Mabie following the Central Schools. 
This faction being defeated by the election of the above-named ofiicers, who 
were opposed to him and to his system, he resigned in the Spring of 1868, and 
Prof. P. M. Sutton, who had for several years been Professor of Mathematics in 
the Iowa Lutheran College, was unanimously elected by the new board, as Pro- 
fessor Mabie's successor. 

Prof. Mabie remained in the city for several years, and although not in anv 
way connected with the schools, yet always took a very active interest in every- 
thing that pertained to their welfare, and showed a manly lack of that jealousy 
which too often is shown by teachers who are obliged to give way for others. 

Soon after Mr. Sutton's election as Superintendent of the Schools, Prof 
T. J. Wilson, who was then County Superintendent as well as President of the 
School Board, was drowned, while visiting schools in the county. The death 
of Prof. Wilson was a severe blow to the schools in Marshalltown, as well as to 
the public school interests of the county generally. He was a graduate of Bow- 
doin College, and was for many years a Professor in the Iowa Lutheran Col- 
lege ; for several years the County Superintendent, and one term Representa- 
tive for Marshall County, to the Iowa Legislature. He was known throughout 
the State, as an educator of great culture and high rank. Upon his death, the 
Board elected Mr. Sutton to fill the vacancy thus occasioned, and he thereby 
jpecame President of the School Board, as well as Superintendent of the Schools. 

The general management of the schools, the employment of teachers, and 
the janitors, and the whole responsibility of the schools, was thrown upon Mr. 
Sutton by the Board. Meetings of the Board were seldom had, and then about 
all they did was to approve all the acts of their President and Superintendent. 
After the first term of Mr. Sutton's administration, there was a general change 
made in the policy of the schools, as well as in teachers. He secured the serv- 
ices of Miss Abbie Giftbrd, who was then teaching a select school in the city, 
with great success, and who had formally taught in the famous public schools 
of Racine, Wis., and was generally recognized as one of the most practical and 
successful educators in the State. Miss Gifford has since been County Super- 
intendent of Marshall County for four years, and has organized and conducted 
the most successful Normal Schools in the State. 

Mr. Sutton also secured the services of Miss Anna Perry, now Mrs. Samuel 
Hull, a teacher who had had years of experience in graded schools ; and gener- 
ally none were employed but the ablest and most experienced teachers. 



4^8 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

Mr. Sutton remained Principal of the schools for two years and a half, and 
it may be truly said that the public schools of Marshalltown were never sa 
generally popular before, and have never been more popular since. A Liter- 
ary Society was formed in connection with the schools, known as the "Wilson- 
ian Society," being named after the Hon. T. J. Wilson. This Society pro- 
cured a large library, and its exercises every Saturday night Avere attended by 
our citizens generally, the house usually being crowded to witness the enter- 
tainments the Society gave. Many of the young men who attended school at 
that time, and who were members of this Society, now occupy responsible po- 
sitions of trust and business in this county and State. 

In the Summer of 1870, Mr. Sutton refused a contract tendered him by 
the Board, for the two years following, at $2,000 a year — to become a candi- 
date for Clerk of the Courts of Marshall County, but before resigning, procured 
the appointment of Prof Charles Robinson, of De Witt, as his successor. 

Prof. Robinson was one of the most successful organizers the schools of 
Marshalltown ever had. 

But his system was an exceedingly rigid one, and at last gave dissatisfaction 
to a certain class of patrons who expect their children to be educated without 
any effort upon their part, or the part of their parents, and with this class Mr. 
Robinson became very unpopular. In the Summer of 1873, after three years 
of most unremitting and successful labor, he resigned his position as Superin- 
tendent. 

The School Board then elected Mr. W. P. Burdick to succeed Mr. Robinson. 
Mr. Burdick was before, and has proved himself since, a very successful teacher ; 
but as Superintendent of Schools in a city like Marshalltown, he was not alto- 
gether successful, especially as succeeding so able a Superintendent as Mr» 
Robinson, and in 1874, Mr. Burdick severed his connection with the schools, 
which were left without a Superintendent. 

At the Spring election in 1874, there was a general disposition to elect a 
Board that would spare no pains to place the schools upon a sound footing, and 
P. M. Sutton and J. M. Parker, both of Avhom had been strong and earnest 
supporters of Mr. Robinson during his three years of administration, were 
elected Directors without any particular opposition. As soon as they were 
elected, Mr. Sutton was chosen President of the new Board, and took general 
supervision, although without any compensation, of the government of the 
schools, during the term following Mr. Burdick's retirement, and when there 
was no Superintendent. 

Mr. Sutton and Mr. Parker were by the Board appointed a special com- 
mittee to correspond with school Superintendents, and to visit School Boards 
and to do whatever else they deemed necessary for the selection of a competent 
Superintendent. 

They corresponded largely and visited most of the leading schools in the 
State, and as a final result of their efforts, procured the election of Prof. C. P. 
Rogers, of Marengo, Iowa, who had been Superintendent of the schools in that 
city for five successive years, and who had to refuse an election by the School 
Board of Marengo, for two more years, at $1,500 a year, in order to accept the 
position of Superintendent of the Marshalltown schools. 

A contract was made with Mr. Rogers for three years, and there was a 
general disposition on the part of the Board to place the schools wholly in his 
hands, and the responsibility of their Avelfare wholly upon his shoulders. He 
accepted the situation and the responsibility. He has been successful beyond 
all expectation ; and after four years of most untiring labor, has placed the 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUUTY. 489 

schools of Marshall town among the very first graded schools of the country. 
We doubt if they have an equal in the State of Iowa for thoroughness of 
■discipline, for elasticity of system and for practical results. 

Prof. Rogers is wholly and entirely an educator. He lives in the school- 
room, seeks little society outside of his pupils and his teachers, and takes little 
interest in anything except that which pertains to the welfare of the schools 
and the general interests of education. He is a graduate of the State Univer- 
sity, and has been President of the State Teachers' Association ; has conducted 
normal schools in different parts of the State, and is generally acknowledged as 
one of the foremost public school men of the West. Firm and determined and 
unyielding in what he seaks to accomplish, he is yet entirely mindful of the 
wishes and sentiment of his patrons, and only seeks to find what the general 
desire of the community is, and then to shape his plans to meet chat require- 
ment as nearly as possible, consistent with his own ideas of justice and right. 

The general feeling that is becoming wide spread throughout the country in 
favor of more practical and less extended courses of study has made itself felt 
in the Marshalltown schools as well as elsewhere. It has undoubtedly mate- 
rially affected the Marshalltown High School, which had one of the most 
extensive and complete courses of any high school in the State. 

How well Prof. Rogers will succeed in shaping his course to meet this new 
demand is yet to be seen. But it is evident that the people of Marshalltown 
have no disposition to give up Prof Rogers, even though disposed to curtail 
the course of study, as they have full confidence that he Avill be as successful in 
shaping the schools in the future as he has been in the past. 

From the imperfect state of the records, we are unable to furnish a full report 
in regard to attendance, salaries, number of teachers, etc. ; however, it will be 
remembered that the number of persons between the ages of 5 and 21 in the 
Independent District in 1864 was 545; the average attendance, 205. 

For the years as given below we find the number of pupils between the ages 
of 5 and 21 to be : 

In 1871, 1,053; 1872, 1,101; 1873,1,101; 1874,1,203; 1875,1,250; 
1876, 1,447 ; 1877, 1,561; 1878, 1,604. 

During these years the average attendance was : 1871, 468 ; 1872, 490 ; 
1873, 560; 1874, 668; 1875,611; 1876, 978; 1877, 1,128; 1878, 1,179. 

The number of months' school for each year was ten months up to 1873. 
From that time, the school year has been nine months. 

During the first two years after the organization of the Independent District 
of Marshalltown, only four teachers were required to instruct the youth and 
"juvenile insubordinates " of our city. From 1866 the number of teachers 
increased. From the records we learn the number of teachers to be: In 1871, 
11 : 1872, 12 ; 1873, 14 ; 1874. 15 ; 1875, 15 ; 1876, 15 ; 1877, 20 ; 1878, 22. 

We have gleaned as carefully as possible from the sources within our reach 
facts and figures in connection with the public schools of our city. We will 
close our labors on the history of Marshalltown schools by giving the names of 
the teachers who have been employed in these schools, and the time ; the first 
figures giving the date of beginning ; the last, the close of the labors of each. 

T. W. Tucker, Superintendent, March, 1864— April, 1866 ; Mrs. Jameson, 
March, 1864— April, 1866; Miss Jennie Ball, March, 1864— May, 1866; 
Annie Giddings, March, 1854 — April, 1865 : Annie Hickox, April, 1865 — 
June, 1866 ; Miss S. S. Abbott, April, 1865— June, 1866 ; Belle Webster, 
April, 1865— June, 1865; Frona Page, April, 1866— June, 1866; Kate 
Brainard, April, 1866— June, 1867 ; Nettie Kilborn, April, 1866— June, 



490 HISTOR\ OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

1867 ; Abbie C. Davis, April, 1866— June, 1868 ; Mary Williams, April,. 
1866— June, 1868 ; Mr. Levi Davis, Principal, April, 1866— March, 1867 ; 
Mrs. Bovee, September, 1865 — April, 1866 ; Mrs. L. Abbott. September, 
1866— December, 1866; Mrs. Ford, December, 1866— June, 1867: Mr. J. S. 
Mabie, Principal, March, 1867 — March, 1866 ; P. M. Sutton, Superintendent, 
March, 1868 — June, 1870; Annie E. Perry, September, 1867 — August, 
1870 ; Lida Noble, September, 1867— June, 1868 ; Miss E. E. Treadwel, 
September, 1867 — June, 1867 ; Miss E. E. Nash, September 1867— February, 

1868 ; Sadie E. Swan, February, 1868— June, 1868 ; Mr. M. C. Lamprey, 
March, 1868 — June, 186*J ; Abbie Giffbrd, Principal, September, 1862 — June, 
1870; Susan Gould, September, 1868 — June, 1869; Lucy Smith, September, 
1868 — June, 1871 ; Mary A. Gotham, September, 1868— June. 1871; Mattie 
Benedict, September, 1868 — December, 1870 ; Jennie Smith, September, 
1868— June, 1869; Hattie Sutton, September, 1868— June. 1869; Ada 
McNitt, April, 1868 — April, 1876; Kittie E. Gilbert, September, 1868 — 
April, 1870; Maggie Hanna. September, 1868 — June, 1871; Miss Heacox, 
September, 1868 — April, 1870; Lida Hanna, January, 1870; Mary Fredric, 
April, 1870— June, 1873; Mr. Slocum, April, 1870— Jnne, 1870; Miss 
Lyman, April, 1870 — June, 1870 ; Charles Robinson, Superintendent, Sep- 
tember, 1870 — June, 1873 ; Miss M. Davis, September, 1870 — June, 1871 ; 
Ellen Shepherd, September, 1870 — June, 1873 ; Mary Eastman, September, 
1870 — June, 1871 ; Jennie Moore, September, 1870 — December, 1870 ; Asa 
J. Rogers, January, 1871 — February, 1871 ; Mrs. J. H. Peterson, September, 
1870 — June, 1878 ; Kate Hudson, January, 1871 — June, 1871 ; Jennie San- 
ford, February, 1871— March, 1871 ; Miss Webb, December, 1871— March, 
1872; Phebe Lamson, September, 1871 — March, 1871; Maud Rumsey, 
March, 1869 — January, 1873; Emma Orvis, December, 1870 — March, 1871; 
Miss Shoemaker, March, 1871 — June, 1871 ; Miss Cressey, December, 1870 
— March, 1871 ; Mary Robinson, September, 1871 — June, 1873 ; Carrie E. 
Jones, September, 1871 — June, 1873 ; Gertie A. Keeth, September, 1871 — 
June, 1873; Charity Willrie, September, 1872— June, 1873; Nellie M. 
Weeks, March, 1871 — June, 1873; Annie L. Brown, September, 1871 — 
December, 1873; Anna M. Jackson, September, 1872 — June, 1873; Nannie 
Anderson, September, 1872 — June, 1873 ; Octavia Fields, September, 1872 
— June, 1873 ; Henry Deymeyer, January, 1873 — June, 1873 ; W. P. Bur- 
dick, Superintendent, September, 1873 — March, 1874 ; Mrs. VV. P. Burdick, 
September, 1873 — June, 1874; Mrs. C. R. Dorset, September, 1873 — Decem- 
ber, 1873; Miss S. J. Hinman, September, 1873 — December. 1873 ; Miss E. 
M. Rumsey, September, 1873 — December, 1873 ; Miss K. E. Deming, Septem- 
ber, 1873— June, 1876; Miss S. A. Bailey, September, 1873— June, 1876; 
Miss L. L. Harableton, September, 1873 — June, 1874 ; Miss B. S. Kennedy, 
September, 1873 — June, 1878 ; Miss S. A. Young, September, 1873 — Jan- 
uary, 1874 ; Miss L. Lee, September, 1873 — March, 1874 ; Mrs. Van Brackle, 
September, 1873 — June, 1874 ; Miss E. T. Stewart, October, 1873 — March, 
1874 ; Miss Forbes, October, 1873 — June, 1876 ; Mr. D. N. Norris, Januaw, 
1874— March, 1874 ; Miss M. A.Turner, January, 1874— March, 1874; 
Miss N. M. Dick, January, 1874— March, 1874 ; Miss Nellie Hay, January, 
1874— June, 1875 ; Mrs. H. H. Bacon, April, 1874— June, 1874 ; Ransom 
Babcock, April, 1874 — June, 1874; C. P. Rogers, Superintendent, September, 
1874 ; Mrs. C. P. Rogers, September, 1874— June, 1875 ; Mr. C. H. Carroll, 
September, 1874 — June, 1875; Mrs. C. H. Carroll, September, 1874 — June, 
1875 ; Miss Mary E. Lamson, September, 1874 — August, 1876 ; Miss Ella 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 491 

Cleaves, September, 1874— June, 1877; Miss F. M. English, September, 1874 
—June, 1877 ; Mr. P. N. Miller, October, 1874— June, 1875 ; Miss Julia Por- 
ter, October, 1874 — June, 1875 ; Miss Mattie Clinton, January, 1875 — March, 
1875; Miss Carrie Trine, October, 1874 — December, 1874; Miss Lyde Reed, 
September, 1875 ; Emma Smith, September, 1875 — June, 1877; Kate Dem- 
ing, September, 1876 — June, 1877 ; A, F. Abbott, September, 1876 — June, 
1877 ; May Willigrod, September, 1876 — March, 1877 ; Sarah Bailey, Septem- 
ber, 1876 — June, 1877 ; Electa Rumsey, September, 1876 ; Mary McFarland, 
September, 1876 ; Mary Forbes, September, 1876 — June, 1877 ; H. Z. Aus- 
tin, September, 1876 — March, 1877 ; Kate N. Tupper, September, 1876 ; Mrs. 
E. N. Oskerday, May, 1877 ; Nancy Wills, March, 1877— June, 1877; Emma 
Stuart, March, 1877 — June, 1877 ; Lizzie Whealen, March, 1877 — June, 1877 ; 
Martha Breckbill, September, 1877 — June, 1878; Mary Hartman, September, 

1877 ; Helen Ashbrook, September, 1877 ; Hattie Holmes, September, 1877 : 
Mary E. Davison, September, 1877 ; Cordia Statler, September, 1877 — June, 

1878 ; E. E. Sears, September, 1877— June, 1878 ; Mary E. Harbison, 
September, 1877 — June, 1878 ; Delia Weaver, September, 1877 ; Mrs. A. 
Marston, September, 1877 ; Mrs. J. C. Woods, September, 1877 — November, 
1877 ; Helen J. Smith, September, 1877 — June, 1878 ; Cora Parkhurst, 
September, 1877 ; A. N. Canfield, September, 1877 — November, 1877 ; 
Jessie Brown, September, 1877 — November, 1877; Annie Somers, Septem- 
ber, 1877 — March, 1878 ; Sarah Thompson, September, 1877 — November. 
1877. 

The new teachers employed in 1878 are M. E. Tillotson, Carrie Lang, 
Jennie Rudolph, Mary E. Wilson, Hannah Hollingshead (four months), Josie 
Johnson (two months), L. J. Hanscom (seven months), Mrs. M. C. Hoy (six 
months). 

The names show'ng but one date are of those who are still employed in the 
schools. 

The school buildings are four in number, located in the four several wards. 
The High School Department is carried on in the First Ward building, a sub- 
stantial brick structure, erected in 1876, at a cost of $7,770. There is a library 
of between 400 and 500 volumes, and a beginning made toward a collection of 
philosophical apparatus. 

The High School Department holds high rank in the State for its thorough 
system and excellent management. The several lower grades are as well sus- 
tained as those in any town in Iowa. Marshalltown has just reason to be proud 
of her public schools. 

^ MILITARY. 

Company C^ First Independent Battalion, was organized April 2, 1878, with 
John C. Bell for Captain ; Justus Canfield, First Lieutenant ; J. Howard Pear- 
son, Second Lieutenant. About the 1st of July, Capt. Bell was promoted to 
Major, J. Canfield to Captain, J. Howard Pearson to First Lieutenant and W. 
W. Woods to Second Lieutenant. August 3, Capt. Canfield and First Lieut. 
Pearson resigned. Byron A. Bunn was elected Captain and Second Lieut. 
Woods to First Lieutenant. The Company had thirty-one men Capt. 
Bunn enlisted seventeen more men the 7th of August, making the Com- 
pany's entire number to-day two commissioned officers and forty-eight non- 
commissioned officers, musicians and privates. They have fifty stand of Spring- 
field breech-loading rifles complete, and thirty-two regulation dress uniforms. 
The Company is becoming proficient in drill and destined to be one of the best 
companies in the State. 



492 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

The Gerhart Light Artillery. — In the Summer of 1872, at a Quarter- 
master's sale of Government arms and ordnance, at the Rock Island Arsenal, 
the Hon. Harry Gerhart, then County Treasurer of Marshall County, pur- 
chased a U. S. 0-pounder iron field gun, mounted on a 10-pounder Parrott gun- 
carriage, with limber and limber chest, at a cost of $75. This was the first 
regulation ordnance brought to this city, or into the county. No equipments 
accompanied the gun ; but these were afterward obtained by 0. L. Aldrich, into 
whose care the gun was placed soon after its arrival. Previous to this, the citi- 
zens had. by contribution, raised funds and had manufactured two other small 
guns, by parties engaged in iron founding in this city. The first of these was 
cast by Mr. Chester Heald. This gun, like its successor, was cast solid, and 
having no facility for boring it out, Mr. Heald drilled the bore of the gun by 
hand. It afterward burst while firing a 4th of July salute. In 1870, Messrs. 
Lockwood & Frederick cast another gun, weighing about seven hundred 
pounds, with two-inch bore. This was known as the Seager gun, and remained 
in Marshalltown until July, 1873, when it was removed to Gilman. 

The first use of the Gerhart gun, as it was called, was the firing of a colo- 
nial salute on the occasion of a political meeting, the second held by the Repub- 
lican party during the campaign of Grant and Greeley. The gun was handled 
by 0. L. Aldrich as Xo. 1 and 2 ; by Hastings as No, 4 and 8, and by Cloud 
Brock as No. 3 and 4 and Gunner, The second salute fired by the gun was in 
honor of the presence of Gov, 0. C. Carpenter at a political meeting ; the third 
was a national (thirty-eight guns) in honor of the re-election of President Grant : 
and the fourth was the firing of a national salute on the morning of July 
4th, 1873. 

On the event of the first harvest feast giverf by the Patrons of Husbandry 
and citizens of Marshalltown, October 1, 1873, it was desired to have several 
salutes fired during the day. In order that this might be properly done, 0. L. 
Aldrich commenced the organization and drill of a gun detachment, composed 
of the following persons : 0. L. Aldrich, Acting Gunner, and Corporals John 
Swanstrom, T. E. Mann, John Anderson, Robert W. Kelley, Frank A. Nord- 
strom, C. S, Hickox, John Linn and Charles Hanson. In the interval between 
the commencement and completion of this detachment, there appeared in the 
Marshall Times a programme of the Patrons of Husbandry and Citizens' Com- 
mittee for the day, in which it was announced that the " Gerhart Light Artillery 
Company ' would form an important feature of the occasion. No one was more 
surprised by this announcement than was Mr. Aldrich, who was named as Cap- 
tain, since the idea of a regularly organized artillery company had never occurred 
to him. Put thus in a place of prominence, he set to work to make his title 
clear, called a meeting of the detachment, considered the question, and decided 
that everybody go to work in earnest. And, in consequence, on the 1st day of 
October, 1873, the " Gerhart Light Artillery " appeared in the procession, in 
two detachments, numbering twenty-six men, with 0. L. Aldrich acting as 
Captain, Oscar Hartwell as First Sergeant and Ed. Van Schaick as Second 
Sergeant, and they made a very commendable appearance, and went through 
their evolutions in a praiseworthy manner. At the close of the day, they par- 
took of an oyster supper at R. Yogle's restaurant, as the guests of Hon. Harry 
Gerhart. 

After this, they were solicited by many prominent citizens to continue the 
organization, whereupon the Acting Captain called a meeting of the Company, 
which was held at the engine house of Rescue No. 2. A Constitution and By- 
Laws were adopted, 0. L. Aldrich was elected Captain and L. E. B. Holt, First 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 493 

Lieutenant. Matters moved on very quietly with the new company, until the 
time of the Yirginius afiair, when their patriotism and resentment were so 
aroused that they offered their services to the Governor of the State. This 
tender of services was accepted by the Governor and Adjutant General Baker, 
subject to the call of the President. Thereupon the Company was fully re or- 
ganized at the military headquarters of the State, and commissions issued to 0. 
L. Aldrich, as Captain, and L. E. B. Holt, as First Lieutenant, to take rank 
from December 8, 1873. At that time there were forty-two names on the roll. 
Happily their services were not required at this time, yet they have seen some- 
thing of active work. During the labor and railroad riots of 1877, they did 
most efficient and welcome service as patrol to the city and surrounding country, 
which was then infested with a lawless band of tramps. There have been some 
obstacles in their way, but on the whole their organization has been a prosper- 
ous one. The present officers are : Orville L. Aldrich, Captain ; L. E. B. Holt, 
First Senior Lieutenant; Henry C. Mack, First Junior Lieutenant; Elam 
N. Williams, Second Senior Lieutenant ; Winfield Tipton, Second Junior 
Lieutenant. 

BANDS. 

The First Regiment Band. — This Band, which was originally the Marshall 
Cornet Band, has been thoroughly re-org^nized by the present Instructor, Prof. 
G. M. Bice, who took charge in June, 1877. The Band had then fourteen 
members, only one of whom still remains a member. 

An election of officers was held in June, 1877, and Prof. Bice was elected 
Instructor ; D. K. McKnight, Secretary, and Frank Bentler, Treasurer. The 
Band at once ordered uniforms, which were completed and worn for the first 
time on Christmas, 1877. 

In the Spring of 1878. at a convention of officers of the First Regiment, 
held at Cedar Rapids, April 23, 1878, a motion was unanimously carried that 
Bice's Band be appointed the band of the First Regiment of Infantry, I. N. 
G., and Thomas McElroy was commissioned Drum Major. It now numbers 
eighteen members, and is considered one of the best in the State. 

Holladay' s Band. — This Band was organized in November, 1876, under 
the name of Bohn Boys' Band, with W H. Bohn as Leader. The Band or- 
ganized with fourteen members, and has been increased to seventeen. Bohn 
led the Band up to the Spring of 1875, when he retired, and E. G. Holladay, 
of Jefferson, Iowa, was secured as a Leader, and the name was changed to Hol- 
laday's Band. In 1877, the members were uniformed, the uniforms being pur- 
chased in New York City. 

In August, 1878, the Band received the appointment as Division Band of 
the First Division I. N. G. 

The officers are : E. S. Jones, Drum Major ; H. McNeeley, Leader and 
Treasurer ; A. N. Parrett, Secretary. 

A PATRIOTIC DOG. 

The entire country knows of the celebrated war eagle, " Old Abe ; " but the 
public is less familiar with the equally meritorious conduct of the war dog, 
'' Old Doc," who passed through the rebellion with the Twenty-third Iowa In- 
fantry. We quote the obituary notice given him in the Marshall County 
Times, December 30, 1875 : 

" The old army dog, ' Doc,' is dead. He went to the wars with Company 
K (Capt. F. J. Woodbury), Twenty-third Regiment. He enlisted with the bal- 
ance of the company in 1862, accompanying it through all its meanderings, and 



494 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

participating in all its encounters, the principal ones being Fort Gibson, Miss.» 
Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, Vicksburg, Milliken's Bend, Mobile, 
Ala., and others, receiving a wound by a shell at Fort Gibson, which dis- 
abled him for three weeks ; but he bore his sufferings with all the heroism of a 
veteran soldier. 

'' He was discharged from the service with the regiment, at Harrysburg, 
Texas, in the Fall of 18G5, returning to Davenport, where he bade a final adieu 
to the members of the company, and returned to his old home in Marshall 
County, with his master and companion, David Inman, of Le Grand, to spend 
his days in peace and quiet, and go to his reward in a restored nation. 

'• At the re-union in Des Moines, Mr. Inman took the venerable old 
wounded ' Doc ' with him, and he was recognized and caressed by thousands of 
old veterans, who had not forgotten the many pleasant and unpleasant times 
they had passed together on the battle field and in camp. 

" 'Old Doc' seemed to remember his friends, and was as much pleased to see 
them and talk through his tail as the boys were to see and greet him. 

" Gen. Sherman saw the old veteran at Des Moines and remembered him, 
giving him his hand and words of greeting. ' Old Doc ' looked up at him with 
affection and reverence, and doubtless recalled the many times he had seen the 
General and his staff sweep over the field of strife. 

"S'nce his return he has had the misfortune to meet with two or three acci- 
dents, which doubtless shortened his days. He passed to his residence on the 
14th of December, 1875, and was buried in_Mr. Inman's Grove, with all the so- 
lemnity which would have been accorded any of the veterans themselves. 

" ' Old Doc ' and ' Old Abe,' the Wisconsin war eagle, will pass down in his- 
tory little less famous than the members of the regiments themselves. These two 
old veterans met at Mobile, and were known throughout the army." 

SECRET SOCIETIES. 

Marshall Lodge^ No. 108, A., F. ^f A. M. — Instituted under a dispensa- 
tion from the Grand Lodge of Iowa June 3, 1857, with the following-named 
charter members : B. J. Blaney, Samuel Windren, W. P. Hepburn, George 
Glick, A. F. Ewing, A. M. Anson, A. M. Wilson and H. A. Gerhart. First 
officers : B. J. Blaney, W. M. ; S. Windren, S. W. ; W. P. Hepburn, J. W. ; 
A. M. Anson, Treasurer ; H. A. Gerhart, Secretary ; George Glick, S. D. : 
A. F. Ewing, J. D. ; Benjamin Cook, Tiler. Present officers : R. S. McMurry, 
W. M. ; B. A. Beeson, S. W. ; H. C. Henderson, J. W. ; George Glick, 
Treasurer; C. W. Fracker, Secretary ; H. L. Merriman, S. D. ; T. S. Dart, 
J. D. ; J. F. Upson, Tiler. Membership, 130. 

Signet Chapter, No. 88, R. A. M. — Organized August 10, 1867, under a 
dispensation bearing date July 10, 1867. Charter members: M. J. Bundy, 
Andrew Legge, J. Lee Knight, B. W. Johnson, Gilbert Smith, E. Sweetland, 
Thomas Mercer, H. J. Bishop, Charles E. Bromley, J. E. Everist, E. F. Hill, 
Thomas H. Benton. First officers : ^l. J. Bundy, M. E. H. P. ; Andrew 
Legge, E. K. ; J. L. Knight, E. S. ; E. Sweetland, C. of H. ; R. M. John- 
son, R. A. C. ; Thomas Mercer, P. S. ; J. C. Everist, Treasurer ; Thomas 
Mercer, Secretary ; E. F. Hill, Sentinel ; H. J. Bishop, G. M. 3d V. ; C. E. 
Bromley, G. M. 2d V. ; Gilbert Smith, G. M. 1st V. Present officers : A. C. 
Sherwood, H. P. ; J. F. Upson, E. K. ; M. H. Ellis, E. S. ; M. Armbruster, 
Treasurer ; C W. Fracker, Secretary ; B. Webster, C. H. ; J. Forney, P. S. ; 
George Neal, R. A. B. ; A. Saddler, G. M. 3d V. ; S. D. Vail, G. M. 2d V. ; 
J. M. Fullerton, G. M. 1st V. ; W. H. Libby, Sentinel. Membership, eighty. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 495 

St. Aldemar Commandery, No. SO. Knight Templars. — Organized under 
a dispensation, Oct. 16, 1876, from John C. Parish, (J rand Master State of 
Iowa. Charter members : N. S. Ketchum, H. S. Halbert, A. C. Atherton, 
John W. Clinton, N. M. Stone, Charles C. Gilman, Charles Gray, J. W. Ful- 
lerton, J. F. Upson, A. Russell, J. W. Gilman, \J. A. Richardson, A. A. 
Noyes, F. L. Phettiplace, John Sherman, P. K. Hayden, George T. Craig, 
C. M. Boutin, James Hall, R. McCorn, C. H. Norton, B. L. Abbott. First 
officers : H. S. Halbert, E. C. ; N. S. Ketchum, G, ; George T. Craig, C G. ; 
J. W. Clinton, P. ; C. C. Gilman, S. W ; J. W. Fullerton, J. W. ; George 
Glick, Treasurer; C. W. Fracker, Recorder: George S. Hickox, St. B. ; 
George Kroger, S. B. ; J. F. Upson, W. ; S. F. Boston, Sentinel ; J. T. 
Turner, 1st G. ; J. R. Boulder, 2d G. ; H. P. Williams, 3d G. Present offi- 
cers ; H. S. Halbert, E. C. ; N. S. Ketchum, G. ; Charl'-s Holmdael, C. G. ; 
G. F. Craig, P. ; George Glick, Treasurer ; C. W. Fracker, Recorder ; C. C. 
Gilman, S. W. ; J. N. Fullerton, J. W. ; G. S. Hickox, St. B. ; G. Kroger, 
Sn. B. ; J. F. Upson, W. ; S. F. Boston, Sentinel ; J. F. Turner, 1st G. ; J. 
K. Boulder, 2d G. ; H. P. Williams, 3d G. Membership, forty-five. 

King Solomon Council., No. 20. — Organized under dispensation March 5, 
1873. Charter members : Andrew Legge, A. M. Burchard, George Kroger, 
George Neal, C. W. Fracker, Byron Webster, A. C. Sherwood, M. H. Havi- 
land, L. D. Connors, J. T. Blackburn. First officers : Andrew Legge, T, I. 
M. ; A. M. Burchard, R. I. M. ; George Neal, P. C. W. ; A. C. Sherwood, 
Recorder ; M. H. Haviland, C. C. ; J. Forney, Steward ; L. D. Connors, 
Sentinel. Present officers : B. Webster, T. I. M. ; R. A. McMurry, R. I. M. ; 
George Neal, P. C. W. ; L. Armbruster, Treasurer ; C. W. Fracker, Recorder ; 
J. Forney, C. G. ; H. F. Chase, C. C. ; J. N. Fullerton, Steward ; W. H. Sibley, 
Sentinel. Membership, forty-five. 

Banner Lodge, No. 123, I. 0. 0. F. — This Lodge was instituted under a 
dispensation Sept. 14, 1858, by R. B. Woodward, G. M. of the State of Iowa, 
and^ William Garrett, G. S. A permanent organization was not eifected until 
Oct. 13, 1858. The charter of Banner Lodge was granted the 14th day of 
October, 1858, to the following-named charter members : George Keiler, W. 
H. Whaley, Philip McDaniels, Jacob Keiler, William H. Howard. The first 
officers of the Lodge were W. H. Whaley, N. G.; Jacob Reiler, V. G.; Philip 
McDaniels, Secretary ; William Howard, Treasurer. Present officers : James 
Chindstrand, N. G.; C. H. Brock, V. G.; R. Lindsay, Secretary; John 
Jelfs, Permanent Secretary ; W. T. Treadwell, Treasurer. The membership 
of the Lodge numbers about one hundred. Meet every Tuesday evening. 

Crocker Encamjmient, No. 31. — Established January 5, 1866. Charter 
granted Oct. 20, 1869. Charter members, R. Howe Taylor, T. A. Lampman, 
John Turner, R. Andrews, L. Armbruster, J. C. Koener, W. W. Warl. First 
officers: R. Howe Taylor, C. P.; T. A. Lampman, H. P.; John Turner, S. 
W.; W. W. Warrock, Scribe; R. Andrews, Treasurer; J. C. Koener, J. W. 
Present officers : C. B. Pinkhaem, C. P.; M. K. Williams, H. P.; T. C. 
Smelser, S. W.; Charles Deesing, Scribe; W. T. Treadwell, Treasurer; Geo. 
L. Canfield, J. W. 

G-oethe Lodge, No. 211, I. 0. 0. F. (German) — This Lodge was instituted 
Jan. 4, 1871, by D. D. G. M. C. B. Pinkham. The charter was granted the 
19th day of October, 1871, by John Gundaker, G. M., and William Garrett, 
G. S., to the following charter members : J. C. Koener, John E. Nestel. D. E. 
Ankeny, C. J. Epenalter, M. Stern, Simon Stern, L. Armbruster, E. Berthald. 
— Greenbaum, — Grumn. First officers : J. C. Koener, N. G.; M. Stern, V. 



496 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

(t.; C. J. Epenalter, Secretary. Present officers: F. S. Deichrick, N. G.; 
S. Mickley, V. G.; George Bowneon, Secretary; F. J. Widl, P. S.; C. 
Eucher, Treasurer. Membership, fifty. Meet every Wednesday evening. 

A. 0. U. W. — This society was organized April 16, 1877. The charter 
was granted tlie same date by the Grand Lodge of the State of Iowa, to the 
following named charter members : Hiram Willard, H. Greenbaum, R. C. 
Lindsay, 0. M. Lindsav. M. M. Choate, C. L. Carpenter, George Sowers, L. 
E. B. Holt, Oscar Allen, Philip Burkhart, M. Ash, W. E. Sargent, N. C. 
Nelson, James R. Haines, J. D. Vail, James Long, Josep.i Johnson, Benjamin 
Jarvis, Charles P. Cummings, W. E. Snelling and Robert J. Vogle. The 
society held their first meeting in Odd Fellows' Hall, their present location, 
and elected the following officers: L. E. B. Holt, P. M. W.; R. C. Lindsay, 
M. W.; James Haines, Foreman; J. D. Vail, 0.; J. Long, Recorder; W. E. 
Sargent, Financier; H. Greenbaum, Receiver; M. M. Choate, I. W.; P. 
Burkhart, 0. W. Present officers : J. D. Vail, P. M. W.; James Haines, M. 
W.: Benjamin Jarvis, F.; J. M. Gilchrist, 0.; J. T. Dart, G.: L. S. Kilborn, 
Financier; L. E. B. Holt, Recorder; Henry Rehm, I. W.; — Craig, 0. W.; 
H. Greenbaum, Receiver ; Drs. Holt, Long and Ward, Medical Examiners ; 
Representative to Grand Lodge since the organization, L, E. B. Holt, Num- 
ber of Master Workmen, seventy-six ; membership, seventy-six. The society 
carry S2,000 insurance on each member. The society is in a strong condition 
and the members are justly proud of it. 

Cosmopolitan Lodge, No. 30, Knights of Pythias. — Instituted June 22, 
1876. The charter members and first officers were as follows : George F. 
Valliant, P. C; E. H. Hibben, C. C; W. T. Treadwell, V. C; N. C. Osborn, 
S. P.; A. N. French, K. of R. and S.; H. L. Getz, M. of F.; E. R. Jones, 
M. of E.; N. A. Chapman, M. of A.; T. C. Smelser, I. G.; George S. Hickox, 
0. G. Present officers— E. R. Jones, P. C; W. A. Chapman, C. C; B. L. 
Burritt, V. C; J. L. Carney, P.; S. L. Smith, M. of A.; 0. P. Arnold, K. 
of R. and S.; W. T. Treadwell, M. of E.; T. I. Wasson, M. of F.; J. H. 
Johnston, I. G.; W. H. Sibley, 0. G.; E. H. Hibben, D. G. C; Julius 
Pappe, G. M. of E. Membership, sixty. Meet every Monday night in Ma- 
sonic Hall, in Woodbury Block. 

A new degree was added at the last meeting of the Grand Lodge, called the 
Endowment Rank. It consists of insurance of $1,000, $2,000 and $3,000. 
The officers of this degree are Byron A. Beeson, President; 0. P. Arnold, 
Vice President; J. B. Stattler, Secretary; E. L. Lement, Sentinel; T. I. 
Wasson, Guide; W. H, Harrington, Chaplain. This fund was instituted in 
Marshalltown, by E. H. Hibben. 

The Masonic Hall is on the second floor in Woodbury Block, and is finely 
furnished. There are several ante-rooms, well provided with wardrobes belong- 
ing to the different societies. The hall will compare favorably with any in the 
State. 

Independent Order of Foresters — Court Excelsior, No. 1. — The dispensa- 
tion was granted this society by the G. H. Court of the United States, Jan- 
uary 2, 1878. The cliarter members wore: R. Howe Taylor, L. E. B. Holt, 
J. xMcCaw, J. R. Haines, J. D. Vail, J. Heath, J. T. Dart, 0. P. Arnold, W. H. 
Weatherly, Hiram Willard, E. R, Jones, M. K. Williams, John T. Upson, W. 
E. Sargent, 0. Allen and twenty-eight others. First officers: R. Howe Tay- 
lor, W. C. R.; L. E. B. Holt, V. C. R.; 0. P. Arnold, R. S.; T. Baum, F. 
S.; J. D. Heath, T.; R. Lindsev, Chaplain; 0. Allen, H.; M. K. Williams, 
S. W.; J. A. Leach, J. W.; Frank Killala, S. B.; W. A. Forbes, J. B. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 497 

Present officers: L. E. B. Holt, W. C. R.; 0. P. Arnold, V. C. R.; T. L. 
Seevers, R. S.; Otto Lasche, F. S.; J. D. Heath, T.; J. T. Dart, S. W.; W. 
A. Forbes, J. W.; R. Hoyt, S. B.; T. Baum, J. B.; E. B. Clialfand, C; Rep- 
resentative to G. H. C, R. Howe Taylor; Alternate, John McCaw. 

BANKS. 

The First National Bank. — This institution was established in 1864, under 
the general act of the previous year, by G. M. Woodbury, T. B. Abell, H. E. 
J. Boardman, E. Willigrod, George Glick, Wells S. Rice, J. Smith, John 
Turner, J. L. Williams, David Barrett, C. W. Fracker, et al. Mr. Woodbury 
became the largest stockholder. The Board of Directors consisted of George 
Glick, G. VV. Woodbury, H. E. J. Boardman, T. B. Abell and Daivd Parrett. 
Mr. Woodbury was elected President; Mr. Abell, Vice President; and Mr. 
Fracker, Cashier. Business was begun June 23, 1864. The capital stock was 
placed at $100,000. A change in the ownership of stock subsequently resulted 
in the election of Mr. Glick, President, and J. P. Woodbury, Vice JPresident. 
The Board was changed to the following: G. M. Woodbury, George Glick, B. 
T. Frederick, J. P. Woodbury, F. Woodbury. Mr. G. M. Woodbury's death 
created a vacancy in the Board, which was filled by the election of C. E. Brom- 
ley. C. W. Fracker became Cashier in place of Mr. Glick, but was succeeded 
in January, 1877, by T. J. Fletcher. Michael C. Healion and Arthur Glick 
are bookkeepers. 

The City Bank.— In 1870, Messrs. W\ H. Hager & Sons, of Hagerstown, 
Md., established the business now known as the City Bank. July 1, 1873, 
Messrs. J. L. Williams, H. E. J. Boardman, John Turner and C. W. Stone 
became the prime movers in the organization of a National Bank, called the 
Farmers' National Bank of Marshalltown. At the same date, these gentlemen 
purchased the private banking business of Messrs. Hager & Sons, and continued 
the same under the name of the City Bank. The two institutions were success- 
fully managed for more than two years, when the National Bank was voluntarily 
discontinued and the business transferred to the City Bank. The officers of the 
Farmers' National Bank were : H. E. J. Boardman, President; John Turner, 
Vice President ; J. H. H. Frisbee, Cashier. The corporation owned the fine 
edifice, corner of Main st. and First av., which is still the property of the four 
gentlemen who own the City Bank. The latter business is a private copart- 
nership, without incorporation. Mr. Williams is Cashier — the only officer — and 
has held that post since the date of the purchase of the bank by the present 
owners. The capital of this bank is the private fortunes of the several mem- 
bers, like that of any partnership concern. The spacious block, corner of Main 
St. and Center av., is owned by the firm. A large business is done by the house. 

Marshalltown Bank. — This bank is owned and conducted by a private cor- 
poration. It was commenced in January, 1878, by E. L. Lyon, lately from 
Victor, Iowa, in the building erected by him in 1877, at No. 27 West Main st. 
Late in February, 1878, Mr. Lyon sold the business and fixtures to the present 
proprietors, Messrs. Adair Brothers and G. G. Charlton, of Washington, Iowa, 
and H. A. Parker, of Chicago, 111. They commenced with a capital of $50,- 
000, the majority of which is now paid up, and are doing a good and safe busi- 
ness. They have purchased a lot nearly opposite the post office for a permanent 
location, and are preparing to erect upon it a handsome and commodious bank 
building, which they will occupy when finished. 

Loan Associations. — There are two of these societies in MarshalltoAvn — the 
Hawkeye and the Farmers' and Mechanics'. The former was begun in 1870; 



498 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUxNTY. 

the latter is a newer organization. The general purposes of these incorpora- 
tions is to render aid, in the form of loans, to worthy needy members. The 
capital represented is about ^300,000, and the aggregate membership is nearly 
400. The officers of the Ilawkeye Benevolent and Loan Association are: 
S. Lacey, President ; Mark Ehle. Vice President; M. 11. Haviland, Secretary: 
F. Grumme, Treasurer; Brown & Binford, Solicitors. Of the Farmers' and 
Mechanics' Loan Association: M. L, Rogers, President; S. Lacey, Vice Pres- 
ident; George Kroger, Secretary; M. H. Haviland, Treasurer; A. F. Hara- 
don. Solicitor. 

MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. 

Iowa Barb Steel Wire Co. was established in July, 1877, by a company 
consisting of D. M. Pickering, President ; R. Sears, Treasurer ; A. S. Bur- 
nell, Secretary, for the purpose of manufacturing barb wire of Mr. Burnell's 
patent. Lots were purchased and the erection of a building was at once begun. 
The buildings are located near the Chicago «& Southwestern Railroad tracks ; 
the main building is 40x1(30 feet in size, and is three stories high, including 
basement; the new building just completed is 45x60 feet, and is used for tar- 
ring the wire and for drying the same by steam. Seventy men are employed in the 
manufacture of this barb wire, running both day and night. The works have 
a capacity of three car loads per week ; each bundle containing 100 rods of 
wire. The barbs are at present being put on by hand, but Mr. Burnell has in- 
vented an automatic machine which can perform the work of eight men per 
day ; this machine puts on the barbs, cuts off the wire, and spools it — in fact, 
does all the work, except tarring it. Mr. Burnell hopes that by perfecting his 
machine it may prove a wonderful success. Two large saws are also in the 
works, used in cutting lumber into frames on which to spool the wire. An en- 
gine of twenty-five horse-power and a boiler of forty horse-power are used in 
operating the machinery. The engine is of Kii'kwood's pattern. The officers 
of the company at present are : R. Sears, President, E. L. Leonard, Treasurer, 
R. E. Sears, Secretary, and H. T. Beckitt, Bookkeeper and Manager. 

Hatvkeye Oil 3Iills. — This industry was established in 1872, by Abbott, 
Knisely & Glick, and consists of the manufacture of linseed oil and oil cake. 
The mills are located in the southern portion of the city, south of Linn Creek. 
The main building is quite a large building, but the increasing business of the 
mills compelled an addition 45x40 feet in size, and a second addition 40x80 
feet, all of brick. The mills are supplied Avith the very best of machinery. 
The milling stones weigh five tons apiece, the crack rolls each weigh 1,000 
pounds, and are eleven inches in diameter, and forty-two inches long. The 
massive iron presses are four in number, and each has a capacity of 475 tons. 
The capacity of the mills is 1,000 gallons of oil per day, employing eighteen 
men, and runing night and day: 120,000 bushels of seed was consumed in 
1877-8, in the mill, for which was paid an average of |1 per bushel. A 
first-class horizontal engine of forty horse-power, is used in operating the ma- 
chinery. There are twenty-seven bins in the mills, each holding 2,000 bushels 
of seed. The storing capacity is about 800 barrels of oil in each tank ; thei'e 
are two large tanks outside the building, and several inside; the building where 
the oil is boiled is situated a distance from the main building. Great care has 
to be exercised in this branch of the work, as the oil is very inflammable. 
About forty-five tons of oil cake is manufactured per week. There is manufact- 
ured and leaves the mill every day, on an average of one car-load of oil and 
cake. The mill receives by way of freight, barrels, etc., about 800 car-loads 
per annum. Mr. F. B. Woodrufi" is Foreman of the works, and has charge of 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 499 

all the work. The sales of the works are in Boston, New York, and other 
Eastern cities, Chicago,, and in fact, all over the Northwest and West. 

Marshall Furniture Factorij. — This establishment was organized in 187'). 
by Kreutzer & Wasem, and is engaged in the manufacture of furniture. The 
main building is 25x40 feet in size, and is three stories high ; the new building 
is 35x40 feet, and is three stories high. They manufacture all qualities of 
furniture, with the exception of chairs. A saw-mill is in connection with the 
works, and is used in sawing this lumber into suitable length ; everything per- 
taining to the work is done but varnishing. They sell to wholesale dealers. 
The owners have recently placed in some new machinery, and are doing as 
good work as any manufactory in Iowa. They do a business of about $1,000 
per week. A large engine of thirty-five horse-power is used in the manufactory. 
They employ eighteen men, all skilled workmen. Their sales are principally 
in Iowa and Minnesota. 

The Marshall Foundry was established some time in 1860 or 1861, and 
subsequently came into the hands of its present owners. The building is of 
brick and is 150x105 feet in size, and is located on the corner of Linn street 
and Second avenue. The firm is engaged in the manufacture of all kinds of 
machinery, castings, iron columns, balustrading and all kinds of ornamental 
iron work, stoves, sled runners, harrows, land rollers, etc. They use an engine 
of twenty-one horse-power. Six men are employed in the machine shops, three 
blacksmiths, six to eight in the foundry. The company also do the casting 
Avork for the Central Railroad of Iowa. 

Northivestern Iron Fence Co. — This company is engaged extensively in the 
manufacture of iron machinery. They are also engaged in casting the base for 
several patterns of iron fence posts. They are preparing to turn out of their 
shops the " Litth Prairie " corn sheller, a new pattern which is regarded as a 
success in its way. The officers of the company are : B. F. Frederick, Presi- 
dent ; John Seagar, Vice President ; S. P. Kniselj, Treasurer ; J. M. Gilchrist, 
Secretary. 

The 3farshall Canning Co. — This enterprise is of recent date, but if prop- 
erly managed, will make one of the most important manufactories of Marshall- 
town. The company was organized in the Spring of 1878, and is engaged in 
the canning of corn and tomatoes and all kinds of fruit. The works are 
located on Third avenue, near the depot. The main building is 40x80 feet in 
size, the addition is 28x40, all of frame. The company are at present manu- 
facturing cans, having 120,000 on hand. The officers of the company are : 
Harry Young, of Clinton, President ; 0. B. Cooper, Secretary and Treasurer ; 
Sylvanus Dunham is one of the Directors and General Manager. 

ELEVATORS. 

The elevator of J. W. Brackett was established some time prior to 1870, 
and was destroyed by fire in 1872, but was rebuilt in the same place, near the 
C. & N. W. R!^ R. Mr. Brackett operated it until April, 1876, when it was 
again destroyed by fire. Nothing daunted, a new elevator was at once erected 
in its stead, and is three stories high and 34x48 feet in size, having a capacity 
of about 25,000 bushels. Mr. Brackett ships over 250,000 bushels of grain 
annually. Four men are employed. 

The Woodbury Mill was originally built in 1855, but was entirely rebuilt 
in 1873. It is located on Iowa River, near the water works, built of frame and 
three stories high. They use both steam and water power. The mill contains 
four Eclipse wheels and four runs of stone, as well as the latest improved mill- 



500 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

machinery, including the '• Middlings Purifier," manufacturing 100 barrels of 
flour every twenty-four hours. The engines and boilers are situated on the 
opi)Osite bank, and have a capacity of forty horse-power The sales are prin- 
cipally in Marshalltown and vicinity. 

The Soap Manufactory/ of H. W. Benedict was established in 1868. Mr. 
Benedict has been burned out several times, but now occupies quarters in a 
substantial brick structure on the corner of Linn street and First avenue. The 
building is 44x35 feet in size, consisting of two stories. Three thousand pounds 
of soap are manufactured dady, employing five men. Mr. Benedict is using 
'' Gibbs' Pattern and Process," and is meeting with success. Sales in all parts 
of loAva and adjoining States. 

The Iowa Biiihling and Manufacturing Company was established Nov. 12, 
1877, T^ith the following officers : J. D. Heath, President; A. N. French, Sec- 
retary and Treasurer ; Directors — J. D. Heath, Enos Baker, H. R. Rehm, J 
T. Dart and A. N. French. The buildings of the company are situated at 205 
West Main street, and are 28x90 feet and two stories in height. Their chief 
manufiictures are sash, doors and blinds, as well as all kinds of building. Their 
materials are purchased principally in Chicago, and they employ forty skilled 
mechanics. They have a first-class twenty horse-power engine, and though 
only in operation for a short time, they have already done $25,000 worth of 
labor. 

Tow Manufactory. — Established in January, 1878, and is the property of 
Stoddart Brothers. The manufactory is located on the south side of Linn 
Creek, beyond the depot. Their main building is 30x60 feet in size, and the 
addition is 16x50 feet. The engine house, 18x24 feet, accommodates an 
eighteen horse-power engine. The owners are engaged in the manufacture of 
tow, which they dispose of to upholstei'ers and paper makers. They employ 
seven workmen, and have a capacity of one ton or more per day. 

The Marshall Brewery. — John Bowman, proprietor of the Marshall Brew- 
ery, has been in business here since 1858. The building now being used as a 
brewery was formerly a woolen mill ; but some additions have been added and it 
is now 75x80 feet in size, all stone, and contains two large cellars, each con- 
taining from 1,200 to 1,500 barrels of lager. An engine of five horse-power is 
used in the brewery. A new boiler Avas recently placed in this building. The 
large malting house is 110x40 feet in size and three stories high, is built of 
brick and is located on Church street, 207. It has a probable capacity of 8,000 
bushels of barley. Twelve workmen are employed. Mr. Bowman ships to all 
points within a radius of 100 miles. 

Iowa River Brewery is located on the banks of the Iowa River, near the 
water works. The building is frame and is 24x70 feet in size. The brewery 
is the property of Vogle c^ Collman, but is being run by Mr. Vogle. There 
are two cellars, each holding between three and four hundred barrels of beer. 
The mill is operated by horse powes*. There are three large vats in the brew- 
ery, each holding twenty-five barrels. Their sales are at present chiefly in 
Marshall, but the proprietor intends to do some shipping soon to other places. 

John I). VaiVn Bottling Works were established in 1873. Mr. Vail oc- 
cupies a two-story brick building at 130 West Main street, and is engaged in 
the bottling of soda water, ales, beers, etc. Mr. Vail employs six men, and 
his sales extend into Iowa for a radius of seventy-five and one hundred miles. 

The Carriage Manufactory o{ Coburn k Reweyhas been in operation since 
1868. They began the business on a moderate scale, but within the past five 
years have so increased their trade as to require additional facilities, and have 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 50 

nearly completed a new two-story frame building on First avenue, which they 
intend soon to occupy. 

Butler &: Morrison are also engaged in the manufacture of carriages, bug- 
gies, spring wagons, etc., at 132 West Main street. This business was estab- 
lished in 1876, gives employment to three men and does considerable business 
outside the city. 

E. G. Sleight established himself in the grain business in this city in 1862. 
and built an elevator in 1863, which was destroyed in the great fire of 1872. 
A new one was immediately erected in its place which was also burned in 1876. 
The present elevator, three stories high and 30x80 feet in size, was built upon 
the same site. Mr. Sleight ships from 400,000 to 600,000 bushels of grain 
annually to New York, Boston and otter points. 

FIRES. 

Marshalltown has been visited by several destructive fires since its rapid 
growth and development into a city, but by far the most disastrous, and, in 
comparison, a "Chicago Fire," was the one that occurred on the 2d of May, 
1872, commencing at the hour of noon. The following account of the confla- 
gration and losses sustained is taken from the Marshall Timea of May 9, 1872 : 

" The most destructive fire that ever took place in Central Iowa occurred in 
this city about noon. May 2, 1872. The first intimation our citizens had of the 
coming calamity was the shriek of the danger whistles of a number of engines 
down by the depot. A few moments after, the bells rang out the alarm and the 
city was thoroughly aroused. A fierce wind was blowing from the southeast, 
and the moment the location of the fire was ascertained, the gravest apprehen: 
sion for the safety of the city was indulged in. 

" The fire made its appearance in Stanley's elevator, in the southeastern 
portion of the city. Its origin is not known and probably never will be to a 
certainty. By some it is thought to have first caught from the sparks of a pass- 
ing locomotive, or from the railroad steam pumps across the track ; others who 
claim to have been early on the ground, say that the flames first made their 
appearance on the cupola on the north side of the elevator. If this is the case, 
and it is the best authenticated report, the fire must have been the result of 
incendiarism or spontaneous combustion. The elevator had been running for a 
day or two, and the theory of a heated journal is, therefore, impracticable. Be 
the cause what it may, the burning of the elevator was the beginning of one of 
the most terrible calamities that ever visited our city. 

" With almost incredible rapidity the flames spread to the elevator of E. 
G. Sleight on the west, and G. W, Westlake's elevator on the east. Fanned 
by the gale, a broad sheet of flame darted across Market street, and in a mo- 
ment more the Aultwein House, a large, four-story brick structure, was wrapj)ed 
in its fiery embrace. Cunningham's lumber yard near by caught at the same 
time, and the large stone woolen factory, with all its valuable machinery, fol- 
lowed a moment after. Before the appalled by-standers could hardly realize the 
situation, the fire crossed to the west side of Station street, and Binford's elevator 
went off" like dry tinder. Coppick's elevator followed in a moment, and the 
lumber yards near by were soon enveloped in a roaring, seething mass of fire 
that laughed in its fierce strength at the puny efforts of the frightened citizens to 
stay its progress directly into the business part of the city. The fine, new 
brick block occupied by Mr. Watson was the next to succumb to the fiery ele- 
ment, and the Williams House, one of our largest hotels, followed a few minutes 
later. It was now feared that unless help could be had from abroad, the heart 



502 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

i)f the city would soon follow in the wake of this important suburb. The depot 
of the North-Western Railway Company then caught, and the agents and opera- 
tors had barely time to save their instruments and papers. The pump building 
also caught, and although strenuous efforts were made to save it, as the tanks of 
both railroads wore supplied therefrom, it was but a short time before it joined 
its unfortunate neighbors in smoke. 

•• The ilames. making northward, crossed Nevada street, and enwrapped 
Craigue & Johnston's grocery store, next Leonard's billiard hall and Henry's 
shoe shop ; consuming these with fearful rapidity, they also burned up the 
meat market. The large double store, occupied by Deitrich & Son as a dry 
goods house, was next blotted out of existence, and the livery stable immediately 
in the rear caught and was consumed directly thereafter. The next building 
to vanish was the carriage factory directly north. Here the flames were stayed 
in this direction by some unoccupied lots and the strenuous exertions of those 
living in the residences further up. On the opposite side of Station street, 
however, the burning Williams House set fire to the brick residence of Thomas 
Cole, which was quickly added to the general loss. The almost superhuman 
endeavors of the firemen on the roof of E. G. Sleight's residence near by, 
saved that house and the eastern part of the city. West, the flames followed 
the coal sheds and lumber piles, and licking up at a mouthful Stanley's agricult- 
ural warehouse, crossed First street, and burned the residence owned by W. R. 
Smith, and leaping over two houses that were saved by sheer nerve and pluck, 
burned the boarding house kept by John Anslem. Here it was stayed by the 
tearinor-down of fences, out-buildin^s, etc. Had Mr. Sleisrht's residence 
burned, or had Mr. Peter Kreutzer's house been abandoned, when it seemed 
almost impossible to save it, no human energy or strength could have saved the 
city. As it was, sparks were carried up into Main street, blocks away, and at 
one time a pile of shavings in the rear of Arnold's furniture store caught fire 
and had it not been discovered immediately, the business part of town would 
have most assuredly gone. About the time the Williams House was consumed 
and fears for the safety of the city first began to be entertained, Grinnell, Cedar 
Piapids and Des Moines were telegra|)hed for assistance. In less than ten min- 
utes after the reception of the dispatch, the Grinnell Hook and Ladder Company 
and Extinguisher Brigade were on the mail train bound for thr scene of the dis- 
aster. The engineer brought the train into the city in thirty-four minutes after 
leaving Grinnell, and our brave neighbors were in five minutes more at work 
with our citizens. We cannot compliment the generous conduct of our Grinnell 
neighbors too highly. At a minute's notice they sprang to our assistance 
and aided us with a heart and will that is deserving of our heartiest grati- 
tude. 

"While we hope our neighbors may never have occasion to call on us for a 
like service, we assure them that if the occasion ever should take place, our aid 
will be as promptly and freely given as was theirs. A dispatch was received 
from Des Moines, tendering a steamer, but it did not reach here until after l^he 
crisis was passed, and the Des Moines authorities were so advised. Cedar 
Rapids turned out an independent fire company which was just ready to take 
the train, when the news was telegraphed that the fire was under control. 

•* At one time the excitement was so general and thorough, and the danger so 
immediate that the Main street merchants began to remove their goods, and 
men and women might have been seen carting their furniture in every direction. 
The common back of the Central depot was crowded with household goods, as 
was the case in other parts of the city. While there was nothing partaking of 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 503 

the panic feeling, it seemed almost impossible to save the town, and of 
course the general feeling of insecurity prompted people to save what thev 
could. 

" While the excitement was running at the flood, a number of avaricious 
whelps might have been seen running about with teams offering to carry loads 
to safe places from $2 to |5 per trip. Many people paid this exorbitant 
price. * =^ * While the tide of fire seemed sweeping directly for the 
Court House, Recorder Thomas took the records and carried them to a place 
of safety. Per contra, we heard of a lady, whose house was in danger, seizing 
a terrier pup in one hand and a broom in the other, and, bareheaded, making 
for the open common west of the city. 

" Incidents. — About the time the Williams House was burning, the wind 
took a portion of its blazing roof and deposited it on a stable two blocks away. 
By great exertions, the adjoining buildings were saved, but the barn went the 
way of all the others. The house of Hon. J. L. Williams was at one time 
in great danger, and was saved only with great labor. Mr. Williams was 
severely scorched by the heat. 

"• In Albion, six miles north, the first intelligence the citizens had of our 
danger was the dropping of cinders and half-burned letters in their streets ; one 
from Sleight's elevator told the tale, and, no train being at hand, the energetic 
citizens pressed every team in town and came galloping to our assistance, 
regardless of broken necks and ruined horses. They were too late, but we will 
take the will for the deed, however. 

" In State Centre, the telegraph first informed the citizens of the extent of 
the conflagration. When the wires were melted and communication ceased, 
the wildest excitement prevailed. The 4.20 mail train was crowded with our 
neighbors when it arrived. 

" Milt Ayer, the conductor of the Marshall freight on the Chicago & North- 
western Road, worked like a horse in getting the yard clear of cars. He and 
his men coupled and run out of the yard 116 cars at one pull. 

" The number of brave fellows who fought against fire and hope on Saturday 
was so large that it is impossible to notice all. There were several, however, 
who, by their indomitable courage and resolution, were conspicuous in the 
aid they rendered just at the critical moment. R. A. Ballinger stood on the 
porch of E. G. Sleight's residence, where he had fallen from the roof, when it 
seemed almost impossible for anything human to stand the intense heat, and 
poured out the water that was passed to him. E. C. Hixson also made himself 
conspicuous by his exertions. George Canfield and George McCord woaked 
like heroes. W. H. Calhoun and Charles Londer saved Mrs. Warrel's res- 
idence by the greatest exertions. Fred Wasson and Julius Roher worked on 
Kreutzer's house when the fire and heat were so intense that they had to pour 
every other pailful of water on each other. Charles Slocum did himself great 
honor. H. P. Williams, on the roof of J. L. Williams' house, fought the en- 
croaching fiend as if his life depended upon his exertions. * 

" The total loss is about three hundred and eight thousand seven hundred 
dollars. The total of insurance is |105,800." 

Another destructive fire visited the city on the morning of April 6, 1876. 
The omnibus drivers were just gathering up the passengers for the 3.30 train 
east, when one of them discovered a tiny blaze issuing from the northwest 
corner of the lower story of Brackett's elevator. The alarm was instantly 
sounded by the whistle of the Central switch engine. The other engines took 

I'll 

up the signal, and, together with the whistles at the round-house and the oil 



504 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

mills, blew such a wild blast that the whole city was very quickly aroused. 
The flames spread with incredible rapidity over the building Avhere it was first 
discovered, and it soon became evident that a conflagration of no ordinury 
destructiveness was imminent. The North-Western tracks were covered with 
loaded cars, and the Central engine, with Bob Hoyt at the throttle, was sent to 
pull them out. Steam was raised in the brewery near by, and also in the tank 
engine, and streams from their pumps were brought into use. The streets 
were in a terrible condition and the heavy fire-engines sunk into the mud, and 
it was with the greatest exertion that the willing fire boys were able to get 
there at all. In the meantime, the flame spread to Sleight's elevator on the 
west, and Westlake's warehouse on the east. The Avind was blowing a smart 
gale from the southwest, and showers of cinders were thrown over Cunning- 
ham's lumber-yard and Ketchum & Johnston's agricultural warehouse. The 
bucket brigade worked manfully, and succeeded in preventing the flames from 
crossing the street before the arrival of the engines. Wh;n the firemen reached 
the scene, it was found impossible to connect with the hydrant, and a delay 
occurred ; but both engines soon got into operation on the south side of the 
blaze and did some excellent work, saving the North-Western Freight Depot 
and the buildings and lumber piles on the north side of the street. The fire 
had got full possession of both elevators, and wrapped their offices and the ad- 
joining buildings in a blazing mantle. Streams were thrown upon Bowman's 
brewery and saved it. In a little over an hour after the discovery of the fire, 
Brackett's elevator fell ; Westlake's followed shortly after, and erelong 
Sleight's came down in the general ruin. As to the origin of the fire, some 
say it was the work of an incendiary; others that the waste pipe of the smut- 
machine was near the breaking-out of the flames, and that chaff had 
blown out there and became ignited by the sparks from a passing loco- 
motive. 

The Hook and Ladder Company did brave work in checking the flames. 
No. 1 got on the first stream, and her brakes were manned for two hours and 
a half The Sleight Elevator was owned by H. P. Williams, and was worth, 
with its machinery, ^15,000, insured for $7,200; Brackett's, $7,000, insured 
tor $2,700. Westlake's warehouse cost some three or six hundred dollars; no 
insurance. The offices and other buildings were worth about three thousand 
dollars. The total loss amounted to about twenty-five to thirty thousand dol- 
lars; total insurance, about eleven thousand nine hundred dollars. 

GENERAL NOTES, '' 

It is not within the province of this work to give a list of the retail busi- 
ness houses of the several towns. This is not a gazetteer for constant use as a 
book of reference, but rather a permanent monument to the enterprise and 
prosperity of a young but powerful county. 

Marslialltown has issued business and residence directories, from which the 
volume of minor transactions can be readily compiled. 

The city is well supplied with stores of almost every class, at which the 
purchaser can obtain as great a variety of goods as can be bought in cities of 
much larger size. The markets Jire well stocked. 

The city has good hotel accommodations, the Boardman House being first- 
class in its appointments. The Bowler House, or depot hotel, is also a favorite 
Avith the traveling public. 

The most conspicuous block on Main street is the First National Bank 
Block, so called because that institution occupies rooms on the ground floor. A 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 505 

large hall, with scenery and stage, called Woodbury Hall, is in the third story. 
Secret societies have finely furnished rooms in the front of the building, on the 
third floor. There is another public hall, called Whitton's Hall, which is 
located in a brick building on Center street, in the rear of the City Bank 
Block. The last named is a three-story edifice cornering on Main and Center 
streets, and is a substantial buildino-. 

The principal business thoroughfare is Main street, and it is built up almost 
entirely with creditable blocks. It presents as fine an appearance as a street 
in any town the size of this. 

When Mr. Anson platted the village, he very -wisely set aside one whole 
square in the center of the town, facing north on Main street, as a Park. The 
proper care has not been bestowed upon this valuable tract, but it will one day 
be a delightful resort for the citizens of this place. 

The county buildings are not much to boast of. The old Court House, 
erected, as is related in another chapter, under peculiar circumstances, still 
does duty; and a little jail, that might have served a good purpose in the good 
old days when men were honest, stands near the Court House, with an air of 
embarrassment over its own appearance. 

Before many years, a modern structure will be placed, possibly, on the now- 
vacant square where it should be, adding to the general beauty of the principal 
street. 

As one casts an imaginative glance into the future, one sees a thriving city 
filled with busy, ambitious men, and working marvelous deeds in development. 
That bustling city seems vaguely familiar to the beholder, and at last he is able 
to distinguish of Marshalltown, enlarged, beautified and matured by the hand 
of Time. 



ALBION. 

The village of Albion is pleasantly situated on Section 6, Town 84, Range 
18, in the civil township of Iowa, about seven miles northwest of Marshalltown. 
The Iowa River flows about one mile distant, to the west and south of the vil- 
lage. 

The Central Railroad of Iowa touches the village, aSbrding rail communica- 
tion with the North and South. 

The plat is made upon a fine elevation, with level plateau in the village, 
and is altogether a desirable selection for a town. 

The lands upon which Albion stands were selected as a part of the 500,000- 
acre school fund tract — an appropriation of wild lands voted for educational 
purposes by the State at an early day, wherever the Commissioners chose to 
locate the tract in parcels. J. M. Ferguson was School Fund Commissioner 
when this tract was selected. 

In 1852, Thomas S. Brown and George W. Voris (the latter one of the 
Mormons who separated from the party, as related elsewhere) made the pur- 
chase of this tract, and platted the west half of southeast quarter and the east 
half of southwest quarter of Section 6, Town 84, Range 18. Cyrus Saunders 
was Surveyor, and Jackson Bowles and Jonathan Alman were chain bearers. 
At the date of the survey (August, 1852), John B. Hobbs was living near the 
spot, and the surveying party boarded with him. 

Mr. Voris then lived about six miles east of the site, on the Archibald 
Clemins farm. 



506 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

For some reason, not now remembered, the plat was not recorded until July 
21, 1856. 

After Mr. Hobbs resigned the office of County Judge and sold his interest 
in Marietta, he purchased, in the Fall of 1853, Brown's interest in the village, 
which was originally called and recorded as 

THE VILLAGE OF LA FAYETTE. 

The name was not changed to that of Albion until in 1858. The Marshall 
County Times first notices the alteration, October 11th of that year. We shall 
speak of the place, however, throughout this chapter as Albion. 

Mr. Brown subseijuently enlisted in the army, and died in the service. Mr. 
Voris is spoken of in the opening chapter on Mormonism. 

At the time of Mr. Hobbs' purchase there were few residents in the place. 
Among them, he now remembers H. H. Seymour, W. C. Howard and Thomas 
S. Pike. Mr. H. did not long retain an interest in the town, and never resided 
on the plat. He sold to Joseph Long, and, later, William Evans and James 
F. Seymour became proprietors in the property. 

The first house was built by Terry Gowing. It was a hewed log building, 
and was put up in the Fall of 1853. 

There were at that time, in the surrounding country, a number of settlers 
who figure in the history of the county. In what is now Bangor were: Thomas 
Pearson (1848), John Whittaker (1849), David Davis, Jesse Amos (184*9), 
Elias Wolohan, Nash Travis, Elam Jessup, William Adams, Lancaster Bell, 
Jesse Everst ; and in Liscomb were : Isaac Myers, Leonard Dinsel, J. B. Ralls, 
S. Bowman and J. H. Hauser. 

The settlers of the Marietta region have already been mentioned. Minerva, 
as now organized, was then a part of that large district, and in it located : 
Robert Elder, William Spence, David Teager, Jacob Rohr, John Anselm, 
Joseph Anselm, John McGee, William Taylor, John Dakin and William 
Clemans. 

In Taylor Township, or the region east of Albion, were: Hosea Dean, Sr., 
and his son Hosea, William Stout, N. S. Ketchum and Joseph Long, to whom 
Mr. Hobbs sold his interest in the village. 

In Iowa Township, the immediate locality about Albion, were : William, 
John and Philip Ballard, Shelton Gear, James Miller, Washington Asher, John 
Avery, John Duke, Thomas Gordon (a Mormon), John Hauser, Jacob Hauser, 
A. Elzeburg, G. W. Vans, James Dunbow, Carpenter Gear, Samuel Ulery, 
Jacob Ilaselton and others. 

The first store was opened in 1855, by the firm of Keyes & Alford. Jon- 
athan Keyes erected the building occupied by the firm. The second store was 
kept by Treat & Young and the third by M. M. Perrigo — all begun in 1855. 
The Keyes store still stands, and is used as a blacksmith shop. 

The first school was taught in the Summer of 1855, by Caroline Thomas. 
The Winter term was conducted by H. S. Westfall. A log house Avas used 
for the purpose. 

In 185G, a frame school house was erected ; and in 1864-5, a brick build- 
ing took its place. The brick is now occupied by the Friends as a meeting house. 

The building now occupied as a union school is a fine structure, and is a 
credit to the town. Mr. W. E. Crosby is Principal, and under his charge the 
character of the school has greatly improved. There is but one building used 
for public school purposes in Albion. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 507 

Thomas J. Wilson was the first lawyer to locate in town. He was also 
the first editor, for in the Fall of 1855, he established the Central JournaU 

THE FIRST NEWSPAPER IN THE COUNTY. 

A sketch of this journal appears in the general history of the press. 

The first artisans were : William C. Howard, blacksmith, who opened the 
first shop, in 1854; Green Houghton and " Doc " Barker and John Ryan, who 
followed in the same trade. L. L. Harris, afterward Sheriff" of the county, 
was the first shoemaker ; J. L. Scott, the first wagon maker, although James 
Speer opened the first wagon shop, in 1856. Scott came in 1855, and still 
resides where he settled at that early date, being the oldest continuous resident 
of Albion at the present time. Solomon Kaufman was the first carpenter, and 
Joseph Adams opened the first meat market. 

The first frame house was built by H. H. Seymour, and is still standing, 
being occupied by Henry Brigham. 

The first physician to practice in the town was Dr. Bush, but he gave fully 
as much time to non-professional business as to his drugs and lotions. 

Mr. Hobbs appropriated lots for the erection of a saw-mill ; and Dr. Bush 
joined Samuel Reed, in 1855, in the erection of a steam mill on the property 
subsequently owned by Stephen Tripp. James Aslier was employed to run the 
mill. 

The first tavern was opened by Abram Lucas, in 1855. A portion of this 
building forms a part of the hotel now standing. 

Among the earlier residents of Albion who subsequently became well known 
throughout the country, are : E. N. Chapin, Timothy Brown, Abram Stanley. 
Judge Battin, Daniel Wheeler, B. T. Phillips, Mr. Tripp, Mr. Beeson, R. H. Barn- 
hart, Thomas Swearingen, Gideon Wheeler, Archibald Alison and many others. 

The first birth occurred in 1853 — Ada Brigham. Mrs. Elizabeth Seymour 
died the same year — the first death in the place. The first wedding was that of 
Greene Hooten to Mary Keith. 

GOVERNMENT. 

Albion was incorporated as a town in 1870, the vote being cast for and 
against the proposed change of government on the 8th of March. There were 
67 affirmative votes and but 5 negative polled that day. The Commissioners 
appointed by the Circuit Court to present the measure to the people Avere H. S. 
Patrick, J. B. Cripps, Gideon Wheeler, D. S. Kellogg and D. Burkhart. 

The first meeting of the Board of Trustees was held April 22, 1870. 

The town officers are shown below : 

For 1870 — H. S. Patrick, Mayor: S. E. Burroughs, Recorder; Trustees 
— A. Stanley, G. Wheeler, J. Mitchell, J. B. Cripps and E. C. McMillan. 

For 1871 — J. H. Reynolds, Mayor; S. E. Burroughs, Recorder; Trustees 
A. Stanley, E. C. McMillan, W. E. Walker, D. Burkhart and J. Mitchell. 

For 1872— A. Stanley, Mayor; S. E. Burroughs, Recorder; M. P. Smith 
was chosen to same office to fill vacancy ; Trustees — D. Burkhart, H. Hill, A. 
C. Rogers, E. Lewis and E. C. McMillan. 

For 187-3 — H. S. Patrick, Mayor; M. P. Smith, Recorder; Trustees — G. 
Wheeler. J. Mitchell, A. C. Rogers, U. L. Patton and W. E. Walker. 

For 1874 — G. Wheeler, Mayor; M. P. Smith, Recorder; Trustees — A. 
Stanley, N, Philbrick, A. P. Augustine, A. C. Rogers and J. E. Cunningham. 

For 1875— J. B. Rolston, Mayor; W. T. Adell, Recorder; Trustees- 
Henry Emes, A. C. Rogers, D. W. Randolph, G. H. Troutman and Frank Myers. 



508 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

For 1876 — J. B. Rolston, Mayor; W. A. Talks, Recorder; Trustees — A. 
C. Rogers, S. C. Gillespie, J. Daniels, D. W. Randolph and Henry Ernes. 

For 1877 — Elias Ballard, Mayor ; Frank Williams, Recorder ; Trustees — 
George Troutman, Henry Brigham, Lancaster Bell, Frank Myers and M. L. 
Fox. 

For 1878 — M. L. Fox, Mayor; M. P. Smith, Recorder; Trustees — A. 
Arney, W. A. Tallas, H. Brigham, J. E. Cunningham and H. M. Beeson. 

CHURCHES. 

There are several pro-^perous church organizations in Albion. The follow- 
ing sketches have been handed us by parties familiar with the religious history 
of the reo^ion. Although the Bethel society did not originate at Albion, but 
antedated that town, it may be given a place here because of its subsequent 
work. 

Bethel ChurcTi. — Some of that body of religious people known as Disciples 
or Christians came from Owen County, Ind., and settled in the bend of the 
Iowa River, between where the towns of Liscomb and Albion have since been 
located. This was in 1849, and the people referred to were the Hauser and 
Arney families. There were several families of them, and the locality was 
called the Hauser- Arney settlement. For a time, they were deprived of the 
regular ministrations of the Gospel ; but, being people of very decided religious 
convictions, they did not long remain in that destitute condition. 

In the Spring of 1851, John Hauser and Wm. Arney went down to Ma- 
haska County and induced Elder Samuel Wright, who was a preacher among 
the Disciples, to return with them. In May of that year, Elder Wright organ- 
ized the first church of thai denomination in the county. 

It is claimed that this was the first church of any denomination organized in 
this count}". The place of meeting was in John Arney's dwelling house. Elder 
Wright continued to labor in the Gospel by that settlement for two years. Be- 
fore he left them, the infant Church was strengthened in the addition of a 
number of members, mostly by immigration. Among the number thus moving 
in was Elder Frederic Hauser, who arrived in 1852. For a man of limited 
education, he was an able proclaimer of the ancient Gospel. For more than 
twenty years he had labored in the ministry in Indiana, and had been success- 
ful in adding many to the Church. He was the father of Jacob Hauser, the 
first County Clerk of Marshall County. 

Elder Hauser, after working successfully in this new country for two years, 
died, much loved and respected by all who knew him. 

The little Church was not left to languish and die, for in 1855, Elder Josiah 
Jackson moved into the neighborhood, and preached one year. During his 
ministrations, the organization was further completed by the election of Jacob 
Hauser and A. T. Hall, as Deacons. After the removal of Josiah Jackson, in 
1856, the Church was without regular preacning for about one year. 

In 1857, Elder George Patton settled in the neighborhood. He was not of 
the same denomination as the Church of which I write, being, as he styled 
himself, a Reformed Dunkard. He was a good man, though quite limited in 
his education. The Church secured his labors for one year. He differed, how- 
ever, from the Disciples to such an extent that, in 1858, there was a division of 
the Church, and Elder Patton organized a separate congregation, and they 
called themselves simply Christians. Some years after, they united with the 
Christians or Newlight Conference, and have remained in that connection to the 
present day. 




3^ 




BANKER 

STATE CENTRE 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 511 

The Disciples, after this change, did not do much for two or three years. 
The constant immigration, however, brought additions to their numbers. 
Prominent among these were Isaac Dennis and Dr. 0. F. Hixson. Dr. Hixson 
was quite an acceptable preacher, as well as a good physician. Under his leader- 
ship, the Disciples re-organi^ed and chose Isaac Dennis and L. McKinnon as 
Elders, and A. T. Hall as Deacon, This was in 1863. For a time they met 
in Marietta, but soon after resumed their meetings in the Hauser-Arney 
settlement. 

In this year, 1863, Elder A. Gardner, of Tama City, was secured to labor 
for the Church. He was an able preacher, and during the two years he 
remained with the Church there was a large addition to its membership. 

In 1865, the Disciples and the congregation that had been organized under 
tlie leadership of Elder Patton jointly built a brick meeting house, 36x50 feet, 
and this house has ever since been known as Bethel Church, and is still occu- 
pied, each alternate Sunday, by the two congregations. 

In 1866, the Disciples employed as their Pastor Elder H. A. McConnell, 
who is an able preacher. He continued his ministrations for five years. Dur- 
ing this time, the Church grew to such an extent that its membership was about 
two hundred. It is famous for having swarmed no less than three times. It 
has been called, not inappropriately, the "Bee-Hive Church." 

The first one of these "swarms" was the Albion Church, in 1871. The 
following year, the members living west of the Iowa River organized a Church 
at Bevins Grove, and this is known as the second swarm. In 1876, the mem- 
bers of the old Bethel Church living in and about Liscomb organized in that 
village, and that constituted swarm number three. These swarms so weakened 
the old Church that its membership was reduced at one time to about thirty. 
Still it has always kept up its meeting, and has preaching part of the time. 

After Elder McConnell closed his five-years pastorate, in 1871, the Church 
was led by Elder J. G. Encell for a few months. He was followed by Elder 
G. L. Brokaw. Then Elder A. Hickey preached for the Church one year. 
Elder P. T. Russell preached for the Church once a month during the year 
1876. 

Beginning with the year 1877, Elder F. Walden preached for the Church 
during part of his time, and still continues in that work. Last Winter, the 
Church was blessed with a revival, under the labors of their present Pastor, and 
twenty-two were added to the roll. The present membership is between fifty 
and sixty. The Elders are Jacob Hauser and John McKibbon ; the Deacons, 
P. D. Beatty and Wm. Beach. Elder F. Walden is Pastor. 

Blethodist Episcopal Church. — Father Solomon Dunton, the pioneer mis- 
sionary, held service after the forms of this Church at the house of Mr. Dawson, 
in 1853. The place of meeting was a log house. There were but six or eight 
members, among whom were Mr. and Mrs. Burch, Mr. and Mrs. Payne and 
Solomon Denbow and wife. The first church edifice was built in 1858, under 
the administration of Rev. John Montgomery. The society was four years in 
building the small church. The first Trustees were Addison White, Adam 
Louck, Solomon Denbow and Emmanuel Long. The church was dedicated by 
Rev. John Bowman, of Waterloo. The regular Pastors after Mr. Dunton, were 
Mr. Pettifish, Solomon Dunton, Mr. Babcock, C. G. Truesdell, John Mont- 
gomery, W. Bell, John Dudley, Thomas Thompson, J. Eberhart, 0. B. Bowles, 
D. N. Mallory, U. Eberhart, J. Ward, W. B. Frazell, and the present Pastor, 
J. M. Hedges. The Church is in a very satisfactory condition, and has a 
membership of 165. 



.512 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

The Presbyterian Ohurch was organized in 1856, by Rev. James Gordon, 
now residing in Tecumseh, Kansas. There were ten members, Archibald 
Alison was one of the first Elders, and has ever since held that place. Mr. 
Gordon remained in charge for five years. At the close of his ministrations 
there were thirty members on the rolls. 

In 1861, the Church was changed from Presbyterian to Lutheran, with Rev. 
A. M. Geiger in charge, who was succeeded by Rev. J. C. Shafer. At this 
time the Seminary was in the hands of the Lutherans, and Messrs. Geiger and 
Shafer were at the head of the institute during their respective pastorates. In 
1865, Dr. L. Sternburg succeeded Mr. Shafer in his dual office. 

In 1868, the Church was re-organized by Rev. H. H. Kellogg, then of Mar- 
shalltown. Dr. Sternburg remained in charge for some months after the latter 
change, and then removed to Ft. Harker, Kansas, where he is still residing. 
Pastor of the Presbyterian Church at that place. Rev. John Summers next 
took the lead of the Albion society, and remained there for four years, when he 
died. Rev. Isaiah Reed next was Pastor, for eighteen months, when Rev. W. 
R. Smith took the place vacated by him, and retained his pastoral relations for 
one and a half years. He was instrumental in building a church edifice which 
cost $3,000. The present Pastor, Rev. David Chapman, late of Philadelphia, 
moved to Albion in the Winter of 1877-8. Sixty five members were added 
that Winter, by a revival. 

Tlie IHsciple Churcli. — In 1871, the Disciples living in and about Albion 
thought it best to organize a church in town rather than to go out three miles 
into the country and meet at Bethel, as they had hitherto done. Elder H. A. 
McConnell was preaching at Bethel and it was under his ministrations that the 
Albion Church was organized. At first only about twenty members of the old 
Bethel Church went into this organization. Subsequently others moved their 
membership to the town Church. Bethel lost in the first " swarm " some thirty 
or forty members. These were, however, faithful workers in their new field 
and have grown up to a present membership of about one hundred. In 1872 
the Church built a neat frame meeting house 36x48. The Church had as 
their preacher in 1872-3, a young man of the name of John L. Needham. In 
1873, he died. In 1873-4, Elder J. G. Enull was their preacher. He was fol- 
lowed by Elder A. Ilickey, who preached one year. The Church enjoyed 
monthly visits from Elder F. M. Bruner, President of Oskaloosa College, in 
1876. With the beginning of 1877, Elder F. Walden began his labors as 
Pastor, and continues in that capacity to the present. Since their present Pas- 
tor began his labors, about fifty have been added to the Church. The present 
membership is about one hundred. The officers are: Ira R. Arney, A. T. 
Hall and M. McLelland, Elders ; J. M. Burkhart and D. G. Bishop, Deacons. 
Elder F. Walden, Pastor. 

Society of Friends. — The original settlement of Friends was made in Ban- 
gor Township at an early date. The post office was called Western Plain, and 
was established long before the town of Bangor was planned. The Society 
goes back to 1854, at which time James Owens, Abijah Hodjins, Jacob Kinser 
and John Hockett were leading members. The first marriage celebrated under 
the rites of the Church was that of Enoch Lewis and wife, August 21, 1856. 
The latter couple moved to Albion and are now among the leading members of 
the Society of which we write. In 1873-4, meetings were held in Albion, with 
Mrs. Hannah Lewis as the prime mover. Abram Stanley and wife were the 
first Friends to locate in the vicinity of Albion, and with Enoch Lewis and 
wife, William T. Adell and wife, Elijah Stanley and wife, Milton J. Hussey 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 513 

and wife, and Hannah, Elizabeth G. and Hannah N. Lewis, formed a society in 
that town. Meetings were held at various places until October, 1877, when 
the Society purchased the school house vacated upon the completion of the new 
school building, and converted it into a house of worship. The present Trustees 
ees are Lancaster Bell and Enoch Lewis. The Society is in a prosperous condition. 

POST OFFICE. 

Although the town was originally called La Fayette, the p ost oflBce was 
Albion from the date of its location, owing to the fact that there already was a 
La Fayette in the State. The office was established in the Fall of 1853. H. 
H. Seymour was the first Postmaster. E. Alford succeeded him. Then 
Thomas Parnell held the place. He was succeeded by Geo. E. Keyes. 
Gideon Wheeler was appointed in 1866, and still retains the office. 

MASONIC. 

There is but one secret society in Albion : Damascus Lodge, No. 268, 
A., F. if A. M. Began work under dispensation September 13, 1869. Charter 
granted June, 1870, with the following first officers: S. E. Burroughs, W. M.; 
E. C. McMillan, S. W.; Wm. Denbow, J. W.; J. U. Heacock, Treasurer ; 
Charles C. Berry, Secretary ; Henry Hill, S. D.; E. Hill. J. D.; J. H. Rey- 
nolds, Steward ; G. Wheeler, Tiler. The present officers are ; J. S. Hixson, 
W. M.; A. S. Wylie, S. W.; D. W. Randolph, J. W.; H. S. Patrick, Treas- 
urer; U. L. Patton, Secretary; J. N. Howell, S. D.; L. McKinnon, J. D.; J. 
Moran, S. S.; J. Rolston, J. S.; J. Gruber, Tiler. Membership, fifty-seven. 

GENERAL ITEMS. 

The present business interests of Albion are : One dry goods store, five 
groceries, one boot and shoe store, one drug store, one furniture store and 
cabinet shop, one painter, one carpenter, two blacksmith shops, two wagon 
shops, two barbed wire fence shops, one nursery and two elevators. The latter 
are the leading business enterprises in the place. Patton k Rolston and W. 
D. Post are the respective owners, and deal extensively in grain, cattle, hogs 
and lumber. 

There are three physicians in the town. 

THE ALBION SEMINARY. 

The leading denominational or independent educational institution in this 
county is the Albion Seminary, which is conducted by and under the general 
patronage of the Methodist Episcopals of the Upper Iowa Conference. 

The Seminary became the property of the Methodists in 1872. The Articles 
of Incorporation were dated October 4th of that year. The name by which it 
is designated was then chosen, and the property placed in the hands of fifteen 
Trustees, five of whom are annually replaced, the new members entering upon 
a three-year term of office. 

The realty was conditionally transferred by Mr. T. Swearingen to the Board 
of Trustees, but in the name of the Albion Seminary, so that the title is not 
vested in individuals. 

The first Board consisted of T. W. Tucker, John Bowman, 1). R. Randolph, 
J. Montgomery, C. F. Clarkson, E. Lewis, F. M. Robertson, G. H. Troutman, 
S. A. Lee, D.^Hatton, J. C. McVay, J. B. Tailor, J. B. Ralston, U. Eberhart 
and E. J. Coffin. 



514 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

This Board chose C. F. Clarkson for President ; Uriah Eberhart and S. A. 
Lee, A^ice Presidents ; Enoch Lewis, Secretary ; J. B. Rolston, Treasurer. 

The gentlemen proceeded to secure a sufficient sum to endow the Seminary, 
and for the first two years the records show a vigorous fight for life. 

The property occupied by the Seminary is the building originally erected 
for the Marshall County High School, and the eight lots of land upon which 
the edifice stands. The history of this venture is related further on in this 
chapter. 

The first session of school began in the Fall of 1872, with Samuel G. Smith 
as Principal ; Misses Abbie Gilford and Lizzie Roberts, Teachers, and Mrs. 
Cripps, Instructor in Music. 

The second year began with Mr. Smith still in the Principal's chair ; John 
Sanborn, Teacher of Mathematics ; G. T. Cowgill, Assistant ; Lizzie Roberts, 
Teacher of English ; Mary Marine, Teacher of Music ; J. B. Ward, Mrs. M. 
R. Ward and W. T. Adell, of the Faculty. 

The first catalogue issued was for the year ending June 16, 1875. The 
faculty then consisted of: Samuel G. Smith, Principal and Professor of Lan- 
guages ; John Sanborn, Professor of Mathematics ; Miss Anna Carter, Teacher 
of English ; Rev. Wm. B. Frazell, Teacher of Physiology ; Henry B. Cour- 
sen. Teacher of Music : J. B. Carpenter, Teacher of Vocal Music ; R. L. 
Rowe and W. T. Adell, Commercial Department ; Miss Elizabeth Roberts, 
Primary Department. 

The attendance was : 

SEMINARY DEPARTMENT. 

Sophomores 9 

Freshmen 20 

COLLEGE DEPARTMENT. 

First year 12 

SEMINARY PREPARATORY. 

Seniors 85 

Juniors 69 

Commercial 21 

Music 28 

Total 244 

Counted twice 36 

Students in attendance 208 

The general scope and design were set forth as follows : 

1. To furnish an English education to a class of students whose early 
advantages were few, and yet whose age and general development enable them 
do to work more rapidly than is possible in our graded schools. 

2. To prepare young men and women for admission to the classical college 
courses of higher institutions. 

3. To afford a general education and culture to those who desire more than 
a common school education, and yet are compelled to accept less than a regular 

course. 

4. To give to all who may come under its influence such an intellectual 
and moral bias as shall tend to make them well balanced men and women. 

The corporation then valued its property in building, grounds, notes, etc., 
at $25,000, $8,000 of which was productive. 

The Faculty for the college year 1875-6 consisted of John Sanborn, Princi- 
pal, Mathematics and Latin; Rev. J. S. Mclntyre, Science and History; H. 
B. Coursen, Music and Bookkeeping ; Miss Ida M. Gause, Drawing and Paint- 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 515 

ing ; Miss Lizzie Roberts, English and Penmanship ; W. T. Adell, Commercial 
Department ; Clara G. Swearingen, W. K. Williams and Minnie R. Beach, 
Assistant Teachers ; Clara G. Swearengen, Librarian. 
The attendance Avas : 

NORMAL DEPARTMENT. 

Senior Year 1 

Middle " 4 

Junior " 24 

COLLEGE PREPARATORY. 

First year 13 

SEMINARY PREPARATORY. 

Seniors 71 

Juniors ^.. 56 

Music 48 

Total 217 

Counted twice , 32 

Students in attendance 185 

The Faculty for 1876-7 was as follows : Prof. John Sanborn, A. M., Prin- 
cipal, Mathematics and Latin ; Rev. John S. Mclntyre, B. S., Science and 
History ; Miss Adalena N. McCormac, Music, French and German ; Prof. 
Geo. H. Blanchard, Commercial Department ; Miss Jennie M. Beasom, Draw- 
ing and Painting ; Jessie B. Swearingen. Almira J. Hedges, Primary ; Laura 
Fallas, Librarian. 

The attendance fell off during the year to the following : 

NORMAL DEPARTMENT. 

Senior Year 3 

Middle " 5 

Junior " 15 

COLLEGE PREPARATORY. 

First Year 10 

SEMINARY PREPARATORY. 

Seniors .52 

Juniors 60 

Music 55 

Commercial 28 

Total 228 

Counted twice 73 

Students in attendance 155 

The Faculty for 1877-8 was : John Sanborn, A. M., Principal, Mathemat- 
ics and Latin ; Prof. Edward P. Fogg, Science and History ; Miss Adalena N. 
McCormac, Music, French and German; Prof Charles H. Taylor, Commer- 
cial Department ; Miss Jennie M. Beasom, Drawing and Painting ; Miss Sarah 
C. Coble, Primary ; M. I. Swearingen, Librarian. 

The attendance was increased during this year, notwithstanding the institu- 
tion of an excellent public school in the village. The classes were made up as 
follows : 

NORMAL DEPARTMENT. 

Senior Year 2 

Middle " 3 

Junior " 14 

COLLEGE PREPARATORY'. 

Second Year 3 « 

First " 6 



516 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

SEMINARY PREPARATOKY. 

Seniors 39 

Juniors 38 

Music 80 

Commercial 37 

Total 222 

Counted twice 47 

Students in attendance 175 

The present year, beginning September 5th, 1878, opens with good cause 
for courage on the part of the friends of the Seminary. The building has been 
repaired and is now a pleasant place of recitation. A portion of the building 
is rented to students, as lodging rooms. 

The Faculty now consists of the following-named ladies and gentlemen : 
Rev. W. F. Barclay, A. M., Principal, and Professor of Mental and Moral 
Science and Language ; Edward P. Fogg, Professor of Mathematics and 
Science ; Mrs. Jessie Fogg, Assistant ; Mrs. Jennie Doron Barclay, Teacher of 

Elocution ; , Teacher of Music, French and German ; Prof. E. 

P. Fogg, Teacher of Commercial Department. 

Rev. Uriah Eberhart is President, and D. W. Randolph, Treasurer, of the 
Board. Prof Fogg has charge of the Seminary building. An era of pros- 
perity is about to begin, we have no doubt, since the Conference has manifested 
a strong disposition to work in the interests of the institution. The checkered 
history of the school is to end in a satisfactory manner. The people of the 
county should labor to attain the object in view, and fully realize the import of 
the old adage, " all's well that ends well." 

EARLY HISTORY OF THE PROPERTY. 

A sketch of the origin of the school building now used by the Methodists 
will not be uninteresting. Like all other matters of the decade of '50-' 60, 
the omnipresent county seat fight enters largely into the record of the insti- 
tution. 

There are several items of contemporaneous history necessary to mention, as 
explanatory of the conditions upon which the school was conceived and created. 

The county of Marshall had received from the State a large quantity of 
lands known as swamp lands, and as such transferred by the United States 
Government to the State of Iowa, which lands were designed to redeem un- 
tillable lands, by devoting the proceeds of the sales thereof to the draining of 
swamps and sloughs. The total value of the swamp land appropriation in this 
county was something over |50,000 originally. At the date of which we write, 
there was still a large amount standing to the credit of the county. Nature had 
been generous with Marshall, however, and arranged a plan of drainage far su- 
perior to that of the most skillful civil engineer. The hills and valleys of the 
county had performed the work so essential to the health and prosperity of man. 
The county found its fertile acres free from standing water, and still had a 
rich fund in the treasury. The fund could not be drawn out to the relief of any 
other account without special action of the Legislature, and to that source of 
remedy the eyes of the people were turned. 

The educational interests of the State have always been jealously watched ; 
so much so that discretion has not always been manifested. The methods some- 
times resorted to, to aid a good cause, have been pronounced unconstitutional. 
Thus it was that the establishment of a high school by direct taxation, as pro- 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 517 

posed by the Legislature, at about the time now referred to, was set aside, 
practically, by Justice Wright's decision that direct tax could not be levied and 
administered upon like other county funds. The rendering of this opinion, be- 
ing contemporaneous with the events soon to be recited, was a governing cause 
in the eflFects now to be written about 

The Legislature passed a bill providing for the employment of the unneeded 
swamp land funds, in such counties as Marshall, for the "erection of county 
buildings or for other improvements." This law was approved January 25, 1855. 

A subsequent Legislative enactment introduced the plan of establishing in- 
stitutions of learning in counties of a certain size ; the schools to partake of the 
character of the present Normal Department of the public schools. 

The theory upon which these schools were to be sustained involved direct 
taxation, a plan which did not meet with general approval. The system was 
passed upon by the Supreme Court, as alluded to herein, but at a date subse- 
quent to the action of the people in this county. 

Upon this portion of the history of the movement, there is great obscurity. 
We can find no one who remembers the details of proceedings clearly enough 
to warrant recital as facts, nor are there any records extant. We give what 
appears to be an approximation of correctness, but do not represent the account 
as absolutely reliable. We have consulted with many of the original partici- 
pators in the affair, and experience no slight surprise at the remarkable una- 
nimity of bad memory concerning the incidents of this part of the county history. 

Judge Smith informs us that during the year 1857, or about that time, a 
vote was taken by the people on the question of the establishment of the school, 
but a negative decision was the result. 

Ai this period, the county seat fight was raging, and the town of Albion 
stood as an intermediate power, holding the two factions — Marietta and Mar- 
shalltown — in check. As Albion went, so went the battle. It was exceedingly 
natural that the little town should feel its oats, and play the Bismarck in the 
contest. 

Marietta saw its golden opportunity, and at once offer proposals to her 
neighbor. There may have been no definite agreement between the leaders of 
these towns, but it seemed to be understood that, if Albion would vote for Mar- 
ietta, the latter would raise $3,000 for the high school, and donate it to the 
good cause. 

Such an alliance could not be kept a secret, of course, and Marshalltown 
soon heard of the plan. Mr. Woodbury at once blocked the game by raising 
the amount by voluntary subscriptions, considerably above the sum proposed by 
Marietta. 

Notes were issued by both parties, and Albion set to work to raise a fund 
of her own. The result of the negotiations was that Albion voted for Marshall- 
town as county seat, and the victory was won by the latter. Of this matter we 
speak fully in the chapter on the county seat conflict. 

After the election had passed off favorably to Marshalltown, the notes given 
for the school began to trouble the minds of the makers thereof. How to effect 
a compromise with Albion and become relieved of the embarrassing obligations, 
was the prevailing study with the shrewd Marshalltowners. Nor was Marietta 
far behind in the desire to open up a new lead. " There were giants in those 
days," we sincerely believe ; for a patient delving among the records of the 
County Court and the swamp land books, shows that the imputation of dullness 
cannot be truthfully made against the men engaged in the manipulation of the 
matter at this stage of the proceedings. 



518 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

It the year 1858, the public school system of this State was so arranged 
that an advisory organization, known as the Board or Presidents, existed herein, 
and was composed of the several Presidents of the School Boards in the county. 

During the session of the Legislature in 1857-8, a bill was passed, and ap- 
proved March 12, 1858, authorizing the creation of an institution of learning, 
to be called a " high school," but to embody the plans and principles of what 
is now known as a normal school. 

In 1858, the Board of Presidents resolved to establish a high school in 
this county. The question first to be decided was the important one of location. 
At this point in the history the veil is lifted from the apparent, and the writer 
finds himself facing that Avhich was once secret — the motives of those who con- 
ceived the construction of the school. We have no doubt that there was an 
honest desire on the part of the Board to benefit the youth of the county by 
insuring greater educational advantages ; but there was an undercurrent beneath 
the smooth surface of the transactions of that body. 

Prominent among the members was the ever-active G. M. Woodbury, who 
was pei'sonally interested in the notes, and who regarded the interests of Mar- 
shalltown as his own. 

If the writers of those notes could be relieved at no expense to the county, 
and the high school still realize as much or greater benefit from some other 
plan, there surely was no harm in the inauguration of a new scheme. 

The most characteristic item we have encountered in the Marshall County 
Times is the one given bel-ow, which appeared November 10, 1858. It is par- 
tially explanatory of itself, but the modest lack of knowledge manifested by the 
editor is peculiarly naive. To those whose memories are refreshed by this 
chapter, the item will be exceedingly amusing : 

At the meeting of the Baard of Presidents some time since, that body determined to establish 
a High School under the new law, but without expense to the county in the erection of suitable 
buildings. They accordingly elected a Board of Trustees, viz. : G. M. Woodbury, William Di- 
shon, William H. Howard, L. W. Lockwood, .John C. Hopkins, Jacob Glass and Isaac Ringland, 
and left the door wide open for competitions in donations as inducements to the location of the 
school. Several meetings of the Board were held with a view to locating the institutioa, but 
without arriving at any conclusion, until last Saturdy the die was cast in favor of our fair sister 
Albion (late La Fayette). The Board accepted the proposition of that town to erect buildings for 
the school at that place without expense to the county, worth not less than $5,000. We con- 
gratulate Albion upon her good fortune, and trust she may soon rejoice in the realization of her 
highest hopes from the benefits of Marshall Countj/ High School. Her liberality is praiseworthy, 
and we take pleasure in commending the enterprise and public spirit of her citizens. 

To carry out the plan of the Board of Presidents, they formed themselves 
into a High School, for purposes of negotiation. Albion organized a Marshall 
County High School Company, becoming incorporated under the State laws, 
and issued stock at $25 per share. 

The following agreement was entered into between the two bodies : 

Article of Agreement, made and entered into by and between the Mar- 
shall County High School Company, of the county of Marshall and State of 
Iowa, of the one part, and " The Pligh School of the county of Marshall and 
State of Iowa," organized and erected into a body corporate under the act of 
the Legislature of Iowa, entitled "An act for the public instruction of the State 
of Iowa," approved March 12, 1858, of the other part witnesseth : 

That the said Company hereby covenants and agrees with the said High 
School of the county and State aforesaid, that in consideration of the location 
of said High School by the Trustees thereof at the town of Albion, in said 
county, and other good and sufficient consideration the said Company thereunto 
moving, the said Company shall and will erect, build and complete at the 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 519 



proper cost and charges of said Company, and without expense to said county, 
suitable buihiings for the use and purposes of said High School, of the value of 
five thousand dollars, said buildings and thfe lots of ground (eight in number) 
on which the same shall or may be erected by said Company shall be conveyed 
wholly to said High Schoo\ free from all incumbrance when completed, and to 
be the absolute property and estate of the said High School so long as the same 
shall be used for the purposes of said High School ; the buildings to be erected 
according to plans to be furnished by the Board of Trustees of said High 
School, said plans to require an outlay, as nearly as practicable, of five thou- 
sand dollars. And that the said High School, in consideration of the erection 
and conveyance of the buildings and lots, or lot. as hereinbefore mentioned 
and specified, is and shall be located by the Board of Trustees thereof at the 
town of Albion, in said county and State, with all the powers, privileges and 
rights conferred upon it by law, except as to the levying of taxes for the erec- 
tion of buildings for the inimediate use of said school by the County Judge. 

It is mutually agreed and understood by and between the parties hereto, 
that the said Company shall erect the buildings as aforesaid within two years 
from the date hereof, and convey the same immediately to the High School 
upon its completion. And if the parties shall disagree upon the estimate of the 
value of the buildings, as provided for in the first part of these articles, then the 
said Company shall select and appoint one arbitrator and the Board of Trustees 
of said High School shall select and appoint another, and the two thus selected 
and appointed shall select and appoint a third, and they or a majority of them 
shall determine the matters in dispute — said arbitrators all to reside out of the 
the county of Marshall, and be otherwise disinterested. 

In witness whereof, the parties have hereunto set their hands and affixed 
their seals this 8th day of November, A. D. 1858. 

Edwin N. Chapin, 

President Marshall High School Co. 
Thomas J. Wilson, Jr., per E. N. C.v 

Secretary 31. C. H. S. Co. 
G. M. Woodbury, 
President of the High School of the County of Marshall, State of Iowa. 

I. J. Teagarden, Secretary. 

For some reason, this contract did not hold good ; possibly because of a 
lack of accompanying bond. At all events, the first agreement was supplanted 
by the following, which shows that Mr. Chapin had retired from the Presidency 
of the Company, and had been succeeded by Thomas Swearingen : 

This Contract, made and executed in duplicate, the 25th day of January, 
A. D. 1859, between the Marshall County High School Company of Albion, 
Iowa, organized and erected into a body corporate under the act of the Legis- 
lature of Iowa — Chapter 44 of the Code — of the First, and the County of 
Marshall, State of Iowa, of the Second part, 

Witnesseth : That in consideration of the covenants of the second party 
hereinafter named, and one dollar in hand paid, the receipt whereof is hereby 
acknowledged, and provided always that the said second party shall appropriate, 
in due form of law, the sum of Ten Thousand Dollars, from the Swamp Land 
Fund of said county, for the purposes hereinafter described, the said first party 
does hereby covenant and agree to erect such a seminary for educational pur- 
poses, in accordance with the recorded articles of incorporation of the said 
first party, said seminary to be located in the town of Albion, Marshall County, 
Iowa, of the value of not less than Five Thousand Dollars, and otherwise in 



520 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

consonance with Articles of Agreement made by this said first party, with " The 
High School of the County of Marshall, State of Iowa." Executed the 8th day 
of November, A. D. 1858. The said seminary also to be dedicated and appro- 
priated as by the said last aforesaid Article of Nov. 8th, 1858. The remainder 
of the said sum of Ten Thousand Dollars, which shall not be appropriated to 
the bona fide erection of said seminary, shall be reserved as a contingent fund 
for the employment of teachers, the purchase of library and other furnishing, 
sustaining and providing therefor and keeping the said seminary in repair. 

And the said second party covenants to submit to the voters of Marshall 
County the question of the above appropriation of the Swamp Land Fund, as 
early as practicable, and, if the measures shall be by them adopted, to derote 
the said sum of ten thousand dollars as above specified, provided that a good 
and sufficient bond in the sum of twenty thousand dollars, conditioned for the 
faithful execution of this article, shall be executed by the said first party to this 
second party, and provided that none of the above moneys shall be drawn from 
the Treasurer of Marshall County, except by an order signed by the President 
and countersigned by the Secretary of the said first party, specifically stating 
for and to what purpose the amount of said order is to be applied. 

Witness our hands this, the 25th day of January, 1859, and the seals of the 
respective parties. Thomas Swearingen, President. 

Thomas J. Wilson, Secretary 
Of the Marshall County High School Co. 
James L. Williams, Clerk 
Of the District Court and acting County Judge in the absence of William C. 
Smith., County Judge. bond 

Know all men by these presents, That the Marshall County High School 
Company as principal, and Stephen Tripp, H. C. Knapp, Thomas J. Spindler, 
M. A. Tucker, Wm. E. Walker, S. M. Pepper, Wm. Parnell, Terry Gowing, 
Samuel R. Culp, John Montgomery, I. J. Ferguson, J. W. Tripp, H. S. Pat- 
rick, John H. Amery, Samuel Andrews, Volney S. Bartlett, Gideon Wheeler, 
A. E. White, B. G. Phillips, A. Loucks, M. Perigo, R. McRill, et al, as sure- 
ties, are held and firmly bound unto Marshall County, State of Iowa, in the 
penal sum of twenty thousand dollars, well and truly to be paid, and to this we 
t)ind ourselves, heirs, executors, assigns and legal representatives. 

Witness our hands and seals this 25th day of January, A. D. 1859. 

The condition of the above obligation is such that if the said Marshall 
County High School Company shall well and truly perform according to their 
tenor and proper interpretation certain Articles of Agreement entered into with 
Marshall County aforesaid, this 25th day of January, 1859, the original dupli- 
cate of which is hereto attached, then this bond to be null and void, and other- 
wise in full force. 

Dated Marietta, la., Jan. 25, 1859. Thomas Swearingen, President, [l. s.] 

Thomas J. Wilson, Secretary 
Of the Marshall Co. High School Company, [l. s.J 
Stephen Tripp, Samuel R. Culp, Gideon Wheeler, 

H. C. Knapp, John Montgomery, A. E. White, 

Thomas J. Spindler, I. J. Teagarden, B. G. Phillips, 

M. A. Tucker, J. W. Tripp, Adam Loucks, 

AVilliam E. Walker, H. S. Patrick, M. Perigo, 

Seymour M. Pepper, John H. Amery, R. McRill, 

William Parnell, Daniel Andrews, Abram Lybarger, 

Terry Gowing, Volney S. Bartlett, Wm. T. Evans. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 521 

The manner in which the school was to be erected "without expense to 
thecounty," was by the appropriation of money from the Swamp Land 
Fund. This act had been legalized in certain counties and under certain 
conditions, immaterial to mention here, since it is shown that Marshall possessed 
them, both as regards her population and lack of need of work upon swamp 
lands. 

The Board of Trustees determined to petition the County Judge for a 
special vote uponthecjuestionof arppropriatingf 10,000 of the Swamp Land Funds 
the school. The request was granted, and Judge Smith issued a proclamation 
to that effect Feb. 14, 1859. The notice was published in the Marietta 
J^xpress. 

The election took place March 28, 1859, and resulted as follows : 

_ For Against 

iowns. Appropriation. Appropriation. 

Marietta 137 3 

Marion 31 12 

Le Grand 4 63 

Eden 3 23 

Green Castle 28 

Marshall 117 13 

.JeflFerson 2 28 

Bangor 13 33 

Liberty 56 9 

Iowa 202 1 

Vienna 10 5 

Washington 15 

Total 575 233 

The County Judge issued the necessary warrants, for the payment of the 
the appropriation ; but it had transpired prior to the vote that much 
of the swamp lands had been sold on time, thereby necessitating a partial pay- 
ment of the sum called for by the vote. 

Albion, meanwhile, had raised her share, by the sale of High School Co. 
stock. Work was begun on the building and the plan of opening the school 
appeared about to be carried out. 

The change in outside aid, relieved Marietta and Marshalltown of 
the orginal notes, and they were never paid. The slowness with which 
the Swamp Land Fund came into the County Treasury, induced the 
Company to eftect some negotiation of the collaterals, the exact nature of 
which does not appear of record. It is believed that the Company never 
realized the full amount of the appropriation. An arrangement amicable and 
satisfactory was reached, however, and further than that we are not able to 
state. 

The school was not an overwhelming success. It failed to achieve lasting 
renown, and finally passed into the hands of the Lutherans, who opened a de- 
nominational institute there. The transfer of property was conditional upon the 
erection of an addition to the building, and certain other repairs. After a few 
years of struggle, in which the school proved a financial failure, the property 
passed into the possession of Thomas Swearingen, who became sole proprietor 
by purchase at a Sheriff's sale. Thus the old High School Company was 
wiped oflF the board, and the money paid out by Albion went the way of many 
another investment in stock. 

After some ineffectual efforts to maintain a private school therein, the prop- 
erty passed into the hands of the Methodists, as related in the opening of this 
chapter. 



522 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

STATE CENTRE. 

INCLUDING A SKETCH OF EDEN AND STATE CENTRE TOWNSHIPS. 

When the first settlement was made in the southwestern part of the county 
by Greene Allen, in 1849, it was made in Eden Township, which included at 
that time the present limits of State Centre. Allen made a claim of 600 acres, 
and built a little cabin 14x16, and a straw shed for his stock, which he had 
driven from his home in Illinois. He also brought with him provisions to last 
six months. He was obliged to go to Oskaloosa to mill, but the mill could not 
always be depended upon, as the trails were often impassable because of the 
high water. Hence a diet of parched corn and bean soup was not an unfre- 
quent one with his family. Within a period of a year or more, a settler of the 
name of Maggard built a cabin about two miles distant, on the old Thayer place. 
Until then, Allen's nearest neighbors had been the people of the Timber Creek 
settlement and of Newton City. In 1851, "Uncle John" Sparks of Lynn- 
ville, Jasper County, built a mill, which lessened the distance which had to be 
traversed for a grist. It was in this year that the great freshest swelled all the 
rivers and small streams to an unimagined volume. The next settler in Eden 
Township was Philip Barbee, who made a claim and built a cabin on the farm 
later owned by John Jarolam. This was in 1852. In March, 1854, H. Kobb, 
C. B. Mendenhall and C. B. Rhodes with his family came to Eden. Mr. Robb 
entered a claim in what is now State Center Township, while Mendenhall and 
Rhodes settled lower down the grove in Eden proper. F. Woolston, Eugene 
Summers, Simon Price and P. A. Culver came in during the Summer of that 
year, and took their places in the ranks of pioneers. In this year there was 
great apprehension of trouble with the Indians ; but, though living in dread of 
what calamity might befall them from that quarter, the settlers did not desert 
their homes. Mr. Woolston was a blacksmith and was very useful to the busy 
community with his trade. Rev. Thomas Mendenhall came in August, 1854. 
He was a devoted Methodist minister, and later preached in the school house of 
North Eden. He performed the first marriage ceremony in the township, the 
bride being the daughter of Jacob Crouch, the groom John Dondson. The first 
sermon was preached in Eden Township by Rev. Abram Woolston. It was in 
a new log house, and there were about sixty people present. Mr. Woolston 
says that every man, woman and child in the township was present, except one 
very old lady. Mr. Woolston also relates how he and some children had an 
encounter with three panthers while out gathering wild plums. " We were 
gathering plums," he says, " when I saw an animal spring from the bushes, and 
go quietly away. I dropped everything and started after it, supposing it was 
a young fawn. One of the girls, who knew it was a panther, screamed with 
terror for me to come back. We saw three of them. They did not seem to 
have any intention of troubling us. They Avere subsequently seen again, but 
they shortly afterward disappeared." 

The Winter of 1854-5 was so pleasant that men worked out of doors in 
their shirt sleeves. In the latter year, Ruston Bullock, J. Van Pelt and Will- 
iam Greenfield came, and began their farms — Mr. Bullock in State Centre and 
Mr. Greenfield in South Eden. Mr. Owens Price also came in this year, and 
established himself on the prairie on the direct road to Marshalltown. He had 
a large family, and was very hospitable, and his house was the stopping place 
for travelers to and from Marshalltown. R. E. Scotten built a cabin near the 
edge of Story County, this same year, and it was the last house on the prairie 
trail to Nevada. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 523 

The Winter of 1856 was terrific. Snow began the first of December, and 
was very loath to go. Grass did not appear much before the middle of May. 

Dr. Mendenhall and F. 0. Woolston brought the first reaper into the county 
the Summer of this year. It was a McCormick, purchased in Sioux City. 

A school house was built this year in North Eden, 

In 1857, Mr. Conway Rhodes laid out the town of Edenville, and brought 
quite a heavy stock of goods there. The first Fourth of July celebration was 
held this year, in the grove back of Edenville, Rev. Mr. Merrill, from College 
Farm, Jasper County, delivering the oration. This year a weekly mail from 
Marietta was established, with Isaac Sanford as first Postmaster. 

The year 1858 was another one of flood and torrent, seven years having 
elapsed since the last. 

In 1859, a Good Templars' Lodge was established, and held services once a 
month on Sundays, It was this year that three-cent postage stamps came into 
use. 

In 1861, the Cedar Rapids & Missouri Railroad Company surveyed their 
line through the county, which gave a strong impulse to immigration, notwith- 
standing the gloom of the war. Eden Township sent her quota to the army, 
lacking four ; and among her brave boys who fell, the names of Simon Wool- 
ston, Harry Nichols, Irving Benson, George Culver, E. Bartlett and Martin 
Logan are inscribed with honor upon her record. 

In November, 1863, the Chicago & North-Western Railroad had its track 
laid here on its course to the setting sun. With it came the " Crow's Nest," a 
moving caravansary on wheels, kept by Alexander Crow, in which meals were 
furnished to track layers, or any chance homeless traveler. In an article in 
the State Centre Enterprise, from which we draw a portion of our facts. Crow 
is described as " tall, dark, gypsyish looking man, generous with his tongue 
and purse, the beau ideal of a jolly landlord. 

The railroad company had bought eighty acres of land of A, C. Babcock, 
upon which they started a town, calling it Centre Station, William Barnes, 
now of Chicago, was the first agent, and also built a small shanty for a grain 
storehouse, and paid 80 cents for bushel for wheat. Later he had the 
name changed to State Centre, owing to its being located so near the geo- 
graphical center of the State. W. L. Smith and William Thompson owned 
property near the corporation line. Business brightened. The farm houses be- 
tween Edenville and the station were all hotels, in the sense of entertaining 
travelers, and money began to circulate freely. A daily stage was placed on 
the thoroughfare from State Centre to Des Moines. 

Everybody remembers the " cold New Years." The mercury was 12° 
below zero and the wind blew a gale. In January of that year, several hun- 
dred hogs were driven to State Centre for shipment, A dreadful storm came 
up, and many of them were frozen — 1,300 out of 1,800, Some four weeks 
after the storm they were found, standing up straight where they had been 
smothered by the snow and frozen solid. 

In the Spring of this year, the first house made its appearance in State 
Centre, It was not built, but moved there from Marietta, sixteen miles distant, 
by John Anselra, It was a small frame structure, 18x20 feet, and is now 
occupied by J, S. Fairhead. It was used by Mr. Anselm as a hotel. The 
same day that Mr, Anselm arrived with his family to take possession of his 
house, Mr, Barnes' family arrived. Mr. Barnes built the first house in the 
village, the Union Hotel, it being a part of his bargain with the railroad com- 
pany that he should keep travelers who came to the station, as the " Crow s 



524 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY.' 

Nest'' took flight with the onward progress of the track. This is now known 
as the '' Stipps House.'" 

The first birth in the village was a daughter of John Anselm — Emma. 

During this Summer there were several small buildings put up, one by Mrs. 
M. Barnes. Rev. Mr. Basset, formerly a clergyman in Washington City, came 
into the town and built a large two-story house, just at its edge, which from the 
elevation of its location could be seen for miles away. In the Fall, T. B. Car- 
penter came, and, at about the same time, A. N. Woolston. 

Mr. J. W. Dobbins and V. J. Shipman came to State Centre in January, 
1865, and erected a one-story frame building, now occupied by S. M. Morgan, 
and put in groceries and boots and shoes. This was the first store in the place. 
Mr. Dobbins was originally from Sandwich, 111 , and Mr. Shipman from 
Orleans Co., N. Y. The Carpenter Brothers erected a store in May and 
put in a stock of goods. The family of T. B. Carpenter occupied a back room 
of the same building until such time as a suitable dwelling could be prepared. 
On the 27th of June, there came a terrible thunder-storm from the west, ac- 
companied with a fearful wind. Mr. Carpenter's family felt the house shake 
as if it was in the hands of some monster, and then there came a crash. The 
whole building had fallen inward, one of the timbers striding a little girl with 
such force that she died the next day. The cooking stove, in falling over, burned 
the baby, May, and she, too, came near dying. The air was filled with dust ; boards 
and heavy timbers were tossed about and wagons were lifted up and carried 
long distances. But notwithstanding this calamity, the Carpenters rebuilt their 
stoi'e, which building is still standing, and got a new stock of goods. Among 
the families in State Centre in 1865, were William Barnes, John Coulter, Abe 
Woolston, G. W. Bassett and C. F. Culver. John King opened a dry goods 
store this year. During that and the following year, the influx of people was 
very great, and the little village began to grow rapidly. The Union Hotel was 
under the supervision of William Greenfield, who had sold his farm and bought 
out Mr. Barnes. He in turn sold to Ruston Bullock, in April, 1866. Dr. 0. 
G. Hunt arrived this year, and was the first physician to settle in State Centre. 
J. H. Post came also in this year and opened a stock of drugs. Jacob Fisher 
was the first blacksmith and came at this time. The Walker Brothers, Frank 
and Warren, belong to this year, and fitted a large and handsome store, now occu- 
pied by West & Sheary. In the years 1866-7, there were about six hundred 
people in the place, showing a surprising growth for so short a period. The first 
brick block was built in 1867, by C. B. Rhodes, and in that year, the high school 
building was completed, at a cost of $8,000. Miss Jennie Bradbury taught the 
first school in the town, in a little shanty school house, built by subscription. 

The first death in State Centre was that of Seremiah Dudley, Feb. 1, 1867. 
He is spoken of as an estimable man. 

The first lawyer's shingle hung out in this wide-awake place bore the name 
of John King. He was a Harvard graduate, and a graduate from that still 
sterner school, Libby Prison, where he Avas incarcerated for nearly two years. 
The first place of worship was in the little old shanty which also served as a 
school house. Rev. Mr. Knepper, a Lutheran, was the Pastor. The Methodists 
predominated in numbers here, but the denominational lines were not strictly 
drawn. A Sabbath school had been formed as early as 1866, with James Thur- 
man as Superintendent, and with only fifteen scholars. Rev. Mr. Kendig was 
a Methodist preacher who held services over Shipmans store. In 1868, Rev. 
Mr. Kellogg, of Marshalltown, formed a Presbyterian Church with eight mem- 
bers. These societies built church edifices in 1869. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 525 

State Centre kept on growing. In 1872, there were the following ship- 
ments of freight from the station: Freights forwarded, 2,179,990 lbs. ; ticket 
sales, $287.05. Amount of money received at station, $7,269.68. It will be 
impossible further to note the arrivals or the new business undertakings, but 
we will confine ourselves to the city of to-day. 

A petition, signed by forty-two legal voters of State Centre, and bearing 
date Aug. 20, 1866, and addressed to the Hon. F. A. Lampman, County Judge 
of Marshall County, prayed that the territory included with the following 
boundaries, be incorporated : The west half of the northeast quarter, the east 
half of the northwest quarter, and the northeast quarter of the southwest, and 
the northAvest quarter of the southeast quarter. Sec. 10, Township 83, Range 20, 
County of Marshall, State of Iowa. The Court ordered, Aug. 26, 1867, that 
the petition be^ranted. 

Subject to this incorporation, the officers of the city from that date to the 
present are as follows : 

For 1867-8 — Mayor, Washington Walker ; Recorder, T. B. Carpenter ; 
Trustees — William Barnes, Samuel Nichols, J. H. Lay, C. H. Richards, R. 
B. Bullock. 

For 1868-9— W. Walker, Mayor; 0. J. Whitson, Recorder; Trust- 
ees — J. W. Dobbins, J. S. Ewing, C. R. Richards, S. W. Lamson, L. L. Clark. 

For 1869-70— J. S. Ewing, Mayor ; 0. J. Whitson, Recorder ; D. Zwilling, 
Treasurer ; H. C. Stone, Assessor; W. Sower, Marshal; Trustees — C. R. Rich- 
ards, S. W. Lamson, T. B. Carpenter, John Gutekenst, R. G. Haum. 

For 1870-71— J. S. Ewing, Mayor ; 0. J. Whitson, Recorder; J. AV. 
Dobbms, Treasurer ; J. H. Nichols, Assessor ; W. H. Bunker, Marshal and 
Street Commissioner; Trustees — 0. G. Hunt, J. A. Bartlett, E. P. Thompson, 
S. Armstrong, A. Manwaring. 

For 1871-2— Williams Barnes, Mayor ; S. W. Lamson, Recorder ; W. H. 
Stipps, Treasurer ; J. B. Carpenter, Assessor ; W.H. Knepper, Marshal ; Trust- 
ees— H. T. Summers, H. S. Brayton, P. B. Ellis, George W. Bassett, 0. R. 
Chamberlin. 

For 1872-3— John H. Jones, Mayor ; James H. Nichols, W. H. Stipps, 
Treasurer ; J. B. Carpenter. Assessor ; A. R. Chamberlin, Marshal ; Trustees, 
James A. Bartlett, 0. J. Whitson, W. L. Smith, F. S. Munson, S. M. 
Morgan. 

For 1873-4— John King, Mayor; J. W. Merritt, Recorder; W. H. Stipps, 
Treasurer ; J. B. Carpenter, Assessor ; Trustees — James Allison, T. S. Munson, 
J. Lander, H Bishop, J. N. Deering. 

Mr. Jones resigned the Mayorship and his term was filled by J. A. Bartlett. 

For 1874-5— Joseph Lander, Mayor; James H. Nichols, Recorder; 0. J. 
Whitson, Treasurer ; William Snyder, Marshal ; Trustees— F. S. Munson, H. 
Bishop, James Allison, E. P. Thompson, J. 0. Brewer. 

For 1875-6— Joseph Lander, Mayor; E. W. Bishop, Recorder; 0. J. 
Whitson, Treasurer ; J. B. Carpenter, Assessor ; Trustees, 0. G. Hunt, B. S. 
West, William Losey, Joseph S. Schulling, L. B. Goodrich. 

For 1876-7— Joseph Lander, Mayor ; J. W. Merritt, Recorder ; 0. J. 
Whitson, Treasurer; Charles Hanson, Assessor; C. W. Fay, Marshal; Trust- 
ees— F. S. Munson, E. P. Thompson, H. S. Brayton, E. M. Scott, J. S. Fair- 
head. 

For 1877-8— H. Robb, Mayor ; J. W. Merritt, Recorder ; W. H. Stipps, 
Treasurer ; W. D. Bower, Assessor ; C. W. Fay, Marshal ; Trustees— E. M. 
Scott, J. H. Jones, M. E. Miner, J. Gutekenst, J. Gulic. 



526 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

BUILDINGS. 

The present offices occupied by the City Board are in a frame building located 
on the north side of Second street. Portions of the building are used as engine 
house, and the other part as a jail. 

The post office was established here in the Spring of 1864, and a niche in 
the depot building was assigned it. C. F. Culver was Postmaster. January 1, 
1865, J. W. Dobbin was commissioned Postmaster, and held the office until 1871. 
D. A. Lacey succeeded him, holding the office until February 9, 1874. Then J. 
R. Deming was appointed, and continues still to hold the appointment. It was 
made a money-order office April 1, 1878. 

The Exchange Bank of State Centre was opened April 1, 1869, by J. W, 
Dobbin, in the same building it now occupies. The 1st of January, 1877, Mr. 
O. J. Whitson took a one-half interest in the bank with Mr. Dobbin, under 
the firm name of J. W. Dobbin & Co. The bank has always paid all checks of 
depositors, even at the time of the Chicago fire, and the panic of 1873. 

FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

The fire department of the city was organized in 1875, subject to an ordi- 
nance of the City Council. One engine is called the Button engine, and is a 
single-decker requiring thirty-five men at the brakes, and can throw three 
streams. This engine was purchased of the Old Washington Company in Mar- 
shalltown, for $600. A Douglass engine is also in use by the department. 
This is much is a much smaller engine than the other, but is a good one. It 
cost $350. The department also have a hose cart which belongs to the Doug- 
lass engine. There are about 800 feet of hose altogether, and about forty-five 
men in the department. The officers are as follows : Company No. 1, J. A. 
Brewer, Foreman ; Company No. 2, Martin Ward, Foreman. J. 0. Culler is 
Chief Engineer ; F. S. Munson, First Assistant ; J. H. Nichols, Second 
Assistant. 

WATER WORKS. 

The water works question had been one of increasing moment each year to 
the citizens of State Centre, which finally culminated in an agreement with 
George E. Beach & Co., of Marshalltown, for the construction of a system of 
water works, with the necessary pipes and hydrants within the limits of the 
incorporated town of State Centre. The agreement was entered into August 
28, 1877. Beach agreed to erect within four months the above-named system, 
in a good, workmanlike manner, for a consideration of $2,200. The committee 
appointed on the part of the city were as follows : F. S. Munson, E. P. Thomp- 
son and E. M. Scott. 

Mr. Beach fulfilled his agreement literally. A bill for $50 extras was allowed. 

The pump is a 3| inch discharge with check valve in suction and discharge 
pipe, and is called the " Little Giant," manufactured by Chapin & McGue. 
Ottumwa. 

The tank is located over the well formerly used by the C. &. N. W. Rail- 
road. The tower is a strong substantial structure, 34 feet in height, and is 
secured by 6x8 anchor posts. The mill is a Halliday's Self-Regulating Stand- 
ard Mill, manufactured by United States Wind Mill Company at Batavia, 
Illinois. It is 13 feet in diameter, with a pressure of over 175 pounds to the 
square inch. It has the capacity to work four engines. There are six hydrants 
and 1,000 feet of mains, exclusive of mains connecting hydrants, they being 
supplied direct from the tank by another set of mains. 




A 



Id) ^ ,9''^^Mr- 



ALBION 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 527 

Taken as a whole, there are few towns in the West of the size of State Cen- 
tre that have such a thorough system of protection against fire. They are a 
success in every particular, and the little city has great reason to feel proud of 
her acquisition. 

STATE CENTRE MILLS, 

These mills were established in 1870 by J. N. Berry. The structure is 
frame and is three stories high. The building is 36x48 feet in size, and is 
located on Main street. It was purchased in 1873, by J. B. Cutler. There 
are two runs of stone in the mill, and preparations are being made for the lay- 
ing of another set of buhrs. An engine of the Woodruff pattern is used of 
thirty horse-power ; capacity 400 bushels every twenty-four hours. Consider- 
able modern machinery is used in the mill, and it is regarded as first-class in 
every particular. 

ELEVATORS. 

There are three elevators in State Centre, and one seed house. The lar- 
gest and perhaps the most extensive of any on the line of the C. & N. W. Ry. 
is that belonging to Stipps & Fuller. This elevator is of recent build, and 
is a magnificent structure. The original building is 30x44 feet in size, and an 
addition of twenty feet has been put on. It has a capacity of 50,000 bushels. 
There are two dumps on the elevator, one for corn, and a large corn sheller is 
placed beneath the corn dump that has a capacity of 500 bushels an hour ; the 
corn and cobs and all foreign matter pass up the elevator and are separated by 
a splendid system, the cobs going one way, the corn another, and chaff, etc. 
another. The other dump is for grain. The mill is supplied with all the 
necessary modern machinery used in elevators. A large engine is used in 
working the machinery. 

The Nichols Elevator was established by W. Walker, but fell into the hands 
of its present owners in 1870. The building is a large frame structure. The 
machinery is run by an engine of five horse-power. The elevator has a storing 
capacity of 20,000 bushels. About 200,000 bushels are shipped annually. 

The Union Elevator Company are the proprietors of the Seed House, and 
what is called J. H. Lay's Elevator. The elevator was built a number of years 
since by Carpenter Brothers, and was purchased in 1872 by J. H. Lay. This 
gentleman ships about 250,000 bushels per year. 

The seed house is located near the State Centre Mills, and is used for the 
storage of seeds. The building is 50x30 feet, and is one story high. Has a 
capacity of about 7,500 bushels. 

SCHOOLS. 

The first schools in the town of State Centre were rather of the primitive 
order. The first school was taught in a little old shanty that could not be used 
for anything else. This was 1865, in a building that stood near where the 
Presbyterian Church is at present. There were about ten pupils. The school 
was taught by Jenny Bradbury, now Mrs. Willis Vance. In 1866, a room was 
rented over the double building belonging to Carpenter Brothers, and school 
was taught there for a time. In 1867, a part of the present school building 
was erected. The size was about 30x50 feet, and was two stories. A large 
addition was placed on the building in 1876, making a large and pleasant school 
building of three rooms, and pi-ovided with a large bell. The Superintendent 
of the Schools is Miss Lucy Curtis, of Wheatland, Iowa, The number of 
pupils enrolled in 1877 was 244; the average attendance was 164. The School 
Board at present are : S, N. Morgan, President ; A. P. Lowry, Secretary ; 



528 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

J. W. Tuthill, Treasurer. The Board of Directors are : F. S. Munson, 
Henry Zwilling, J. D. Chamberlin, I). H. Fitch and John H. Jones. 

The total population of State Centre, as taken up to August 20. 1878. is 
992 ; total number of residences, 256. 

SOCIETIES. 

Terrestrial Lodge, No. ^76, A., F. cf A. iHf.— Established in 1858. First 
meetings were held over Dobbin's store. The society organized with about ten 
members. The present officers are as follows : J. S. Ewing, W. M. ; Robert 
Bell, S. W. ; J. C. Cutler, Secretary ; C. B. Rhodes, Treasurer ; E. P. Nich- 
ols, S. D. ; M. Harms, J. D. Membership, 38 ; meet in Masonic Hall. 

The Centre Lodge, No. 360, 1. 0. 0. F., was instituted on the 24th day of 
July, 1873. The charter officers are : J. W. Gross, N. G. ; A. L. Mark, V. 
G. ; D. A. Lacey, Secretary ; B. S. West, Treasurer. The charter members 
were : J. W. Gross, A. L. Mank, D. A. Lacey, B. S. West, W. H. Miller, W. 
Hearreman, W. N. Unthank. The Lodge meets every Wednesday evening, with 
a present membership of thirty-eight. 

A. 0. U. W. — This Lodge was established May 4, 1878. There were 
twenty-seven charter members. The first and present ofiicers of the Lodge are : 
J. S. Ewing, M. W. ; M. E. Miner, P. M. W. ; S. W. Morgan, Foreman ; J. 
W. Merrill, 0. ; J. H. Farnsworth, Recorder ; J. Schilling, Receiver ; J. V. 
Fairhead, F. ; H. B. Lovejoy, Guide ; S. Brown, I. W. ; H. Bullock, 0. W. 
Membership, twenty-eight ; meet in Odd Fellows' Hall every Monday evening. 

Military. — Company D, First Independent Battalion, I. N. G., was organ- 
ized January 25, 1878, with sixty-four members. J. S. Ewing is Captain ; 
James Oleson, First Lieutenant ; A. J. Shearer, Second Lieutenant. The 
Company meet for drill twice each week. The armory is located in Miller's 
Hall. The Company have a stand of arms consisting of thirty Enfield rifles. 
The Company, although of recent organization, presents a fine appearance, and 
will with drill make a fine body of men. 

RELIGIOUS. 

The Seventh-Day Adventists. — This denomination established itself in State 
Centre in 1871, with a membership of about ten members. The society 
regarded itself in 1876 as strong enough to sustain a place of worship, conse- 
(juently the present place of meeting was erected. The building is a large 
frame 34x50 feet in size, and is located in the eastern part of the city. The 
society formerly held their meetings four miles southeast of State Centre, at 
the residence of one of the members. The membership at the time of building 
the church was about sixty. The edifice was erected at a cost of $2,650, in- 
cluding the bell. The membership at present is about sixty-five. The preacher 
delivering the dedication sermon was George I. Butler. The Church is sup- 
plied now by Pastors on the circuit. A gooil Sabbath school is held in connec- 
tion with the Church. About eighty-seven children attend. Henry Rue is 
Superintendent. Mr. H. C. Stone has been alive to the interests of the Church 
since its organization. 

The Presbyterian Church of State Centre was organized by the Rev. 
Hiram H. Kellogg, on the 8th day of September, 1866, with ten members, viz.: 
James Fairman and wife, John McNary and wife, J. Dudley and wife, William 
McCain and wife, Mrs. Julia Dobbin and Mrs. Sarah A. Knepper. 

The first officers were : J. Dudley. Deacon, and John McNary, Elder. 
The first minister was Rev. John M. Peebles, who served the Church from Jan- 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 529 

uary 1 to June 1, 1867. The second minister was Rev. John Summers, who 
served the Church from June 1, 1867, till June 1, 1^70. During his ministry, 
there were added to the Church fourteen members, and in union with the Meth- 
odists a house of worship was built in 1869. The Church w^as then without a 
minister for about one year, having an occasional supply. During this period 
nine members were added. The third minister was the Rev. A. Ostrom. who 
served the Church two years. During his ministry, nineteen were added to the 
membership, and the Presbyterians bought of the Methodists their half interest 
in the church edifice, and contracted a debt of about four thousand dollars. 
The Church was again without a minister for about one year. The last minis- 
ter, Rev. David Blakely, commenced his work in the Church July 1, 1874, and 
served the Church four years. During his ministry, 87 were added, and a 
debt of $3,915 was paid off, leaving the Church now, August, 1878, free from 
debt, and with a membership of 110 communicants, and a Sabbath school with 
235 on the roll, and an average attendance of 100. 

The Methodist Episcopal Cliurch of State Centre, was organized in June 
1866, by Rev. J. Haymand, with seven members in the organization. The 
church building was erected in 1869-70, and the present membership is 64, 
The Pastors who have served them are as follows : Revs. J. Haymand, R. M. 
Wade, R. G. Haven, S. Dunton, T. Simmons, N. Macdonald, M. A. Gaadle, 
J. Haymand. 

LE GRAND. 

This township is the point where the first settlement was made in the county. 
It then had no name, but was known as Township 83, Range 17. Mr. Joseph 
Davidson came in 1847, and settled upon one of the hills east of the Iowa 
River, in a beautiful grove, which afterward bore his name. Here he lived in 
a little cabin with the Indians, without a white neighbor for fifty miles. His 
brother, William Davidson, came a little later, and settled on the farm now 
owned by Anderson and Hammond, and the farm that Joseph first occupied is 
owned by Benedict and Hammond. The Davidsons did not wait to reap the 
harvest of their pioneer ventures, but when settlers became plenty, and civiliza- 
tion and abundance were a ioregone conclusion, they moved to Oregon to find 
elbow room. Mark Webb came to Le Grand on the 2!th day of May, 1851, 
from Columbiana Co. Ohio, and pre-empted the 160 acres of land on which 
he now lives, entering it the following year. He broke five or six acres in June 
of that year, using a 16-inch '*Moline Breaker" and three yoke of oxen. In 
the same Spring, with Mr. Webb, came William Allman and three sons, settlino- 
on the farm now owned by D. Benjamin. These settlers were obliged to o-q to 
Iowa City for provisions, and their nearest neighbor was a man named Griffeth 
at Rock Valley Mills, who owned the first mill — or " corn cracker " as it was 
called — in that region. It contained a small pair of buhrs, 'Ih feet across, and 
could crack from eight to ten bushels per hour. Some preferred, after the corn 
was cracked, to sift it, thus making what they considered very good flour. Mr. S. 
N. Knode came in February, 1852, and lived in a hut that had been used bv a 
passing hunter, and was without door or chimney or even a floor. Lindley 
Jones and Eli Inman came this same year with their families, Jones settling 
where Faulkner now lives, and Inman north of them. Webb and Knode built 
a cabin in 1851 on the present Benedict place. 

Mr. M. Webb and James Allman were the first to lay out Le Grand village, in 
1852. Mr. Sanders, of Iowa City, had been called to survey out La Fayette, and on 



530 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

his homeward journey, he did the same service for Le Grand. Webb, Allman and 
Inman were the owners of the site, and they gave the new village its name after 
Le Grand Byington, a lawyer of Iowa City, who had rendered them some 
assistance on their way out. 

In 1853, the post office was established, with James Allman as Postmaster, 
Prior to this the settlers were compelled to go to Marengo, a distance of forty- 
five miles, to get their mails. The first store was built by Allman, and was 
20x30 feet in size, and the lumber was hauled from Iowa City. In 1853, Mr. 
Webb built him a house, procuring the lumber in Toledo. In 1853, after 
Le Grand was laid out, William Hayes and Rollin Richards came, and in 1854, 
Jacob Weitzel, Edmund Harrison, George Hammond, Hiram Hammond and 
John Allman. 

In 1856, D. D. McGrew, J- B. McGrew, F. B. McGrew and Denny McGrew 
arrived. All of these men were prominent in the early history of the town. 

David Harrison, who came in 1854, was one of the first carpenters, and has 
worked upon nearly every house in Le Grand. T. V. W. Young was the first 
physician. The first death was that of James Allman. The first birth is in dis- 
pute, though it is credited as being either Frank Knode or Matilda Allman. 

The first school was taught in 1855, by Elizabeth Allman, at her own house, 
and the neighbors sent their children there to the number of about twenty. A 
school was subsequently taught in the Friends' Church. 

A frame building was erected in 1857, and used for school purposes until 
1871, when the present brick structure was erected at a cost of $6,000. 

The officers of the school board at present are J. B. Welker, President ; J. 
B. Emory and James Pearsons, Directors ; Charles Reiterman, Secretary ; N. 
G. Benedict, Treasurer. 

The first brick store was built in 1870, and is owned by Benedict & 
Willetts. It IS a large, two-story building, and is occupied in part by N. G. 
Benedict as a store and residence, and in part by Dr. Reiterman as a drug store, 
and by Willetts & White, grocers. Another two-story brick block was built 
in 1876 by N. G. Benedict. 

The Chicago & North- Western Railway was constructed through Le Grand 
in 1862-3. The first train went east the 12th of January, 1863. T. E. V. 
Young was the first station agent. 

Heold & Neiell are the proprietors of a large elevator, which was built in 
1870, and is located at the station. 

Le G-rand Flouring 3IiU. — This mill was commenced in 1855, and 
completed in 1856, by Thomas and Isaiah Schofield. It is located on the Iowa 
River, half a mile north of Le Grand, and is at the present writing the property 
of Benedict & Hammond. When it was first built, it was about 26x30 and 
three stories high, with two runs of stone. It was the first mill in this portion 
of the county, and received grain from a large section of country. It has been 
subjected to many repairs, but in 1876, it was entirely overhauled and rebuilt, 
until it is now 100 feet high. The large Leffels turbine wheel is used, two in 
number, operating six runs of stone. A large elevator is in connection with the 
mill, with a capacity of 8,000 bushels. The "Middlings Purifier" is used, and 
all the late improvements. The grain passes through eleven different proc- 
esses before reaching the buhrs. It is the largest mill in the county. 

RELIGIOUS. 

2%e Methodist Episcopal Society found a footing in Le Grand, in 1853, in 
the shape of Methodist class meetings. These meetings were held around at 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 531 

the cabins of the settlers for quite a length of time, and tlien afterward in tlie 
school house. 

The Society erected a substantial brick church in 1871, at a cost of ^3,100. 
They purchased the old school house, and built over that. The church is but 
yet in a state of incompletion, but the members expect that it will be in due 
time. 

The first minister the Society had was in 1853, Rev. "Father" Dunton, as 
he was familiarly called, and so well known in all this region. 

The present Pastor of the Church is the Rev. Mr. Howard ; Trustees, 
Horace Foote, David Harrison, John Resley, M. A. Webb, J. P. (iarlick, D. 
K. Lusby, 0. H. Link ; Class Leader, David Harrison ; President of Board 
of Trustees, John Resley ; J. P. Garlick, Secretary. Membershin is about 

fifty. 

Tlie Friends' Meeting, or Church, at Le Grand, was first organized in the 
year 1855, by a few members who had moved in from Ohio and Pennsylvania, 
forming what is called a Preparatory Meeting. The principal ones were John 
Abbott and wife, Joseph Farquhar and wife, Lindley M. Jones and wife and 
father, Eli Inman and wife, who are all now in their graves, together with a 
few others who are still residing here ; William Farquhar, Jesse and John All- 
man, Thomas McCool and w^ife, and others to the number of about eighty, 
having one minister, Julia Ann McCool. The meeting was first held in Mr. 
L. M. Jones' dw^elling, and increased rapidly, until in 1876, it was organized 
into a Monthly meeting, by appointing J. V. Miles, Clerk ; Joseph Plummer, 
Correspondent, etc. In this year they built a house, 20x30 feet, costing about 
$200. This was considered quite a nice thing, and, indeed, did very well for 
the first three years, when, finding it too small, they put on an addition of 
fifteen feet to its length. In these days, the Church had considerable accession 
by Friends moving in, chiefly from Ohio and Indiana, and from Norway, where- 
upon the meeting divided and organized another meeting of the name of Stranger's, /5y-«^ 
subordinate to Le Grand meeting. This is situated two miles south of Le Grand. 
In the year 1867—8, the present church building was erected, its size 65x40, 
its cost nearly $3,500. There are four acres of land deeded to the Church. 
There are 240 members in this meeting, and in Stranger's, 112. There are six 
acknowledged ministers, viz. : Barclay Jones, Luther, B. Gordon, Joseph Z. 
Bean, Clara H. Willets, Amos Davis and Charity W. Davis. Three of this 
number are not at present resident here. There is one minister at Stranger's, 
Tannis K. St^angeland. The most prominent members now, including those 
mentioned above, are Philemon Jones, Samuel T. Mote, Benjamin Hammond, 
A. M. Townsend, Hiram Hammond, Annie Willits, and D. D. McGrew. The 
statistical report shows that none of its members use intoxicating liquor, and 
are a strictly temperate people, except in the use of tobacco, and only eleven 
members out of the 240 use that in any form. Nearly all are in comfortable 
circumstances, making a good living, and those few who require aid are main- 
tained by the members of the Church. 

The Friends' Sabbath school was first organized in 1855, by Hettie Jones, 
E. Allman, and Joel Willits. The school was formed into one class, number- 
ing ten, with Joel Willits as teacher, and was kept for three months out of the 
year for several years — opened in the Spring and closed in Autumn. But for 
the last ten years, it has been in continuous operation, its average attendance 
being 102, while the number enrolled is 180. The present Superintendent is 
Joel Willits ; Assistant Sunerintendent and Secretary is Rachael Hammond, 
and there are thirteen teachers and classes. 



532 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

FRIEND^' ACADEMY. 

This institution of learning is beautifully located about one-half mile west 
of the village of Le Grand, on the C. & N. W. Ry,, near the east edge of the 
county, and is under the supervision of the Society of Friends. A mutual desire 
among Friends at Le Grand to establish a graded school, in which their chil- 
dren might receive a more advanced, and at the same time, a more guarded, 
intellectual and religious training than they could in the public schools, led 
to the organization of the Friends' Academy, in the Spring of 1873. The 
first term of school opened on the 5th of May, with Walter D. Jones, of Ohio, 
as Principal, and Ellen Michener, of Le Grand, assistant, and an attendance of 
fifty students. 

For a number of terms the school occupied a room in the Friends' Church. 
W. D. Jones continued Principal of the school during the Fall and Winter 
terms of the next year, and the Spring of 1874 was taught by the sisters 
Angie and Annie Frazier, Avith the former as Principal. In the Fall of 1874, 
John R. White, of Indiana, was employed as Principal, and still holds that 
position. One of his first measures was to more thoroughly grade the school. 
preparing a printed course of study for the primary and academic departments. 
The latter embraced three years. He was assisted the year of 1874-5 by Mary 
H. Willits, of Le Grand. The school was gradually increasing in numbers 
and popularity, and promised to become a permanent institution ; but before this 
promise could be realized, it became necessary to have a convenient and com- 
modious place for holding the school. So, about this time, the subject of a new 
school building was strongly agitated. Something like a joint-stock company 
was formed and the shares fixed at $25 each. Each one was entitled to one 
vote for each share subscribed. It was agreed to build a brick house, and 
George Hammond, Joel Willits and Samuel T. Mote were chosen Building Com- 
mittee. In the Summer of 1875, the building was put up by James and Charles 
Oneal, Marion. The carpenter work was contracted and managed by the firm 
of Heath & Ream, of Marshalltown. The building is two stories high above 
the basement, and has besides the basement story, two cloak rooms, three school 
rooms, two class rooms and a library room, and cost about eight thousand 
dollars. The school moved into the new building in the Winter term of 
1875-(). The assistants the past year, 1877-8, were Hettie W^hite, B. S., of 
Indiana, and Sarah Henderson, of Marshalltown. The instructors at the pres- 
ent time, 1878, are: J. R. White, B. S., Principal; Flora E. Greene, B. S.. 
of Ohio, 1st Assistant, and Anna Willits, 2d Assistant. 

The enrollment last year was 108. The school has now turned out three 
classes of graduates. H^-nry Townsend composed the class of 1876 and was 
the first graduate from the institution. The class of 1877 numbered foui', and 
187S, five. The school year embraces three terms. The Fall and Spring 
Terms are twelve weeks each, and the Winter term fourteen weeks long. The 
tuition in the primary is 33;| cents, in the academic 50 cents, ner week. The 
course of study in the academic department has been revised from time to time, 
and now embraces four years' work and combines such branches of science, math- 
ematics and language as will give those that complete it a good practical edu- 
cation, and at the same time it is so arranged as to prepare those that wish to 
take a more extensive course to enter college advantageously. 

It is the object of this institution to give thorough intellectual training as 
far as it goes, and at the same time inculcate into the minds of the students 
sound moral and religious principles; and although the school is under the con- 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 533 

trol of the Society of Friends, no sectarian feeling exists, and all denominations 
are admitted equally. 

LE GRAND CHRISTIAN INSTITUTE. 

The Christian Church of Le Grand may be regarded as the outgrowth of 
the early religious efforts of that denomination, on Timber Creek, during the 
first settlement of the county. 

The seeds sown there have brought forth abundant fruit in the establish- 
ment of the Christian Society and Institute in this village. 

About twelve years ago, the Society erected a school building at Le Grand, 
upon the suggestion of the Central Christian Conference, of Iowa. With the 
exception of a few terms, the school has been in operation since that time. But 
twelve years have so increased the population of the State that the demands 
upon the school were greater than its facilities, and consequently, in April, 1877, 
a meeting was called to consider the desirability of erecting a building to be 
called "■ The Student's Home," for the greater accommodation of pupils. Plans 
were readily agreed upon, and a canvass was immediately commenced to raise 
the needed funds. The building was to be commenced when ^6,000 was sub- 
scribed, and that was accomplished by January of 1878, when preparations 
were at once set on foot for its early completion. The building is of brick, 
100x40, three stories high with basement, and a wing 60x40 of the same height, 
containing fifty-six student's rooms. There is a boarding hall, with students' 
vegetable cellars, and other living conveniences besides those necessary for 
school purposes. This is called " The Students' Home of Le Grand Christian 
Institute." 

The success of the school for the past year has been most satisfactory, there 
being sixty students in attendance — all that could be conveniently accommo- 
dated. The present officers are: Hon. Nathan Worley, President ; Hon. W. 
V. Lucas, Vice President ; A. M. Coate. Secretary ; W. H. Chilson, Treasurer. 
Executive Board — W. G. Benedict, A. M. Coate, J. B. Welker. 

The Board of Instruction consists of Rev. J. Q. Evans, Professor of Higher 
Mathematics, Natural and Moral Science ; R. 0. Allen. Teacher of Greek and 
Latin Languages and Literature; R. A. Salisbury, Teacher of Penmanship and 
Commercial Department; Mrs. Clara E. Evans, Teacher of Music and Ornamental 
Department ; Mrs. Ellen Michener, Teacher of Drawing and Painting ; Dr. 
Charles Reiterman, Teacher of Voice Culture and Vocal Music. 

A Christian Church organization is maintained at Le Grand, with a mem- 
bership of 150 and an average attendance of 100, and a large Sabbath school. 
They occupy a brick church 30x40, capable of holding 400 people, and erected 
at a cost of $1,800. Rev. J. L. Evans is the present Pastor. 



LISCOMB. V 

Liscomb Township was organized in 1870, and the first settlers in the 
township were Isaac Myers. Leonard Dinsel, J. B. Ralls, S. Bowman and J. 
II. Hauser. They settled there as early as 1850-51. In 1854, there was' 
comparatively little settlement made in Liscomb, then Iowa Township. Mr. 
Samuel Beeson came to this part of the county and purchased five eighties 
and one forty, two and one-half miles north and a little east of Albion. He 
had moved his family to Cedar County in the Fall of 1854, and, leaving them 
there, had come on and purchased the above-mentioned land. He then returned 



534 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

to his family, wintered there, and moved on his claim in June, 1855. There 
were only fourteen persons living then in this Congressional township, and 
among them were John Dixson, Terry Gowing, Thomas Pike and Jesse 
Binford. 

Archie Allison came from Ohio and suttled in Iowa Township, not long 
after. Mr. Beeson, John Bennett and Clinton Gifford came soon afterward. 

Mr. Beeson, in speaking of the condition of the county, said, " It was all 
wild prairie, with no settlement excepting along the timber near the Iowa River, 
where there were some few settlers. In May and June, 1854, the land was 
nearly all entered for about six miles east of the Iowa." 

Henry M. Beeson came to the county in 1853, and entered a half section 
two miles northeast of Albion. He moved on it in the Spring of 1855, and 
broke forty acres. He was stricken with typhoid fever, and died in November, 
1855. His wife and little ones were left by themselves. His wife died in 
November of the following year. His children were cared for by Mr. Samuel 
Beeson. 

The settlers went to Albion and Iowa City for their supplies, and to Iowa 
Falls to mill. 

A school house was built near Mr. Beeson's house in 1856, and the children 
were sent there to school from long distances. 

As a mark of improvement the present farmers have over the old pioneers, 
we will quote Mr. Beeson's remark in regard to it : " Heavy ox teams did all 
our breaking and heavy work. We did not for a moment suppose that horses 
could be used in breaking prairie." 

Mr. Beeson, in speaking of some of the incidents connected with the early 
settlement of the county, related the following : " When I moved to this county 
in 1855, carpenters being very scarce, I secured some lumber from Dr. Bush's 
saw-mill, and built me a small shanty. I could not get the carpenters to come 
and build my house until late in the Fall. The Aveather had not set in bad yet, 
but the nights were very cold. While the carpenters were at work on the house, 
they began to run out of lumber, and I took the north side of my shanty out 
and gave them the lumber to use. This was in November. During the night, 
after taking the side of my shanty down, a terrible snow storm came on. I 
arose and covered the sleeping over with comforts and shawls and everything 
that would keep off the snow, and then crawled in myself. In the morning, the 
snow ceased falling. I carried the snow out that had fallen on the coverlets, 
thus preparing a place on which to spread our breakfast. The carpenters went 
to work and completed the house shortly after dark, and we moved in. Byron 
drove the carpenters to Albion that night." 

In 1857, Mr. Beeson hauled 112^ bushels of wheat to Marengo, a distance 
sixty miles, making three trips, in all 360 miles, and received for his wheat 
$40.50. 

The first reaper brought into this section of country was owned by John 
Hauser and Jacob Grouse. They cut Mr. Beeson's grain in the Fall of 1856. 
Levi Ulery brought the first thresher into the county the same year. During 
the years 1857-8, a great many people settled hereabouts, but by far the greater 
partion came directly after the war. 

The town of Liscomb was laid out in 1869, after the building of the Central 
Road of Iowa. It was laid out by J. W. Tripp, who has been greatly interested 
in the growth and prosperity of the place. The town was named for H. P. 
Liscomb, an officer of the road, and it was a name that pleased all. The post 
office was located in 1869. J. D. Loucke was the first Postmaster. Loucke 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 535 

Brothers erected the first store in Liscomb. It was a small grocery store and 
stood on State street near the livery stable. A large number of buildings were 
erected about the same time, though the larger number went up in 1870. 
There were in business in Liscomb during the latter named year W. Martin 
(formerly of Carroll Co., 111.), dry goods and groceries; D. A. Armstronf^, 
grocery ; Confiehl Brothers, grocery ; Meyer Brothers, grocery ; Moore iS: 
Mosher, drugs : Adams & Drown, hardware ; Hall i.^ Brother, dry goods and 
groceries. 

The first blacksmith was Phelix Hombel. 

Dr. Johnson was the pioneer physician. 

The business is now represented by one grocery store, two confectionery 
stores, three general stores, one hardware store, two millinery shops, two black- 
smith shops, one drug store, 

A barb wire fence manufactory is in operation, and is the property of Bar- 
ber & Hopkins. They are operating on a small scale with the intention of 
enlarging their business. 

J. C. Bosworth & Co. are o][)erating a steam elevator. 

Liscomb was incorporated in 1873. The Mayors, in regular order, have 
been : 1873-4, N. H. Fields; 1874-5, Henry Green ; 1875-6, E. D. Whitta- 
ker; 1876-7, Samuel Beeson ; 1877-8, J. C. Meyers. 

J. C. Willits has been Recorder ever since the city was incorporated. 

Liscomb Lodge, No. 34.2, I. 0. 0. F. was established June 12, 1872, with 
six charter members, as follows : J. C. Meyer, J. C. Hass, J. B. Meyers, Mos- 
ley Confield, Jobel Hass. First officers : J. Meyers, N. G. ; J. C. Hass, V. 
G. ; J. B. Meyers, Secretary ; J. L. Hass, Treasurer. Present officers : S. C. 
Hobson, N. G. ; T. J. Meyers, V. G. ; J. C. Willets, Secretary ; H. C. All- 
good, Treasurer. Membership, 42. 

S. A. Emory established a banking house in Liscomb, October 5, 1875, 
but it was subsequently sold to W. Martin, and is now known as the banking 
house of W. Martin, 

Important among the other interests of Liscomb are those of N. H. Field 
and Mr. Herrick as stock raisers, both dealing extensively in hogs. 

The first school taught in Liscomb was taught by J. L. Ralls. This was 
soon after the town was begun. This school lasted three months, when a build- 
ing was erected in the south part of Liscomb, at a cost of $2,000. The aver- 
age attendance is sixty. The officers of the School Board are : N. H. Fields. 
President; H. C. AUgood, Secretary; W. Martin, Treasurer. The Board of 
Directors are : N. H. Field, I. Meyers, J. P. Fuose, E. D. Whittaker, James 
Baylor, T. W. Potter. Superintendent of Schools, Mr. Thompson. Miss 
Emma Van Slack and A. W. Hill, Assistants. 

Disciple Church in Liscomb. — In 1876, the Disciples in and about Liscomb 
concluded to build a meeting house. This was accordingly done, although they 
still had their membership Avith the old Bethel Church some three miles in the 
country. After the house was built they organized with a membership of about 
fifty. Elder G. H, Laughlin, one of the Professors in Oskaloosa College, was 
their preacher at this time, and he continued his monthly visits for some time 
after. In December, 1876, the Church secured the assistance of Elder F. Walden 
to hold a protracted meeting, which lasted four weeks. There were twenty-five 
added to the Church as the result of this meeting. Soon after Elder Walden 
commenced preaching regularly for the Church, and continues up to the present 
to preach there one-half his time. In December, 1877, another protracted 
meeting was held by their present Pastor, and fifty-one were added to the 



536 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

Church. The present membership is about one hundred and fifty. H. H. 
Wilson, A. H. McMahon and G. L. Nichols are the Elders, and D. T. Parnell 
and G. W. Calhoun are the Deacons. 

Tlie Methodist Episcopal society was organized during 1870-71, Mr. Lis- 
comb donating $1,000 toward building a church. A church edifice was erected 
and services conducted for some time, but the society has died out. 

Company K, of the Third Regiment Iowa N. G., was organized August 12, 
1877, with fift}'- three members. The officers were R. H. Stevenson, Captain ; 
J. B. Meyre, First Lieutenant ; James T. Jackson, Second Lieutenant. The 
Company drilled under this organization for nine months, when they were 
detached, and placed in the First Regiment Iowa N. G. The letter of the 
Company was changed to F, and upon the organization of the First Battalion 
of the Iowa N. G., they were made Company A of the First Battalion. There 
are now forty-two men in the Company. Officers : J. B. Myers, Captain ; J. 
C. Myers, First Lieutenant ; Y. A. Gripp, Second Lieutenant. 

Capt. Stevenson was promoted to the rank Major on Gen. Miles T. Sher- 
man's staff, Second Brigade, and Assistant Inspector General, Second Brigade. 
The Company is provided with an armory and forty-two stand of arms. 

In 1875, The Farmers' Union Railroad Company was organized in Liscomb, 
for the purpose of building a narrow-gauge railroad to the Mississippi River 
from Liscomb. The officers of the Company at that time were, J. N. Tripp, 
President ; William Battin, Vice President ; F. A. Soule, Secretary ; I. A. 
Emory, Treasurer. Directors — William Goodrich, S. Beeman, J. C Conrad, 
George Elliot. 

The company laid ten miles of wooden track* and graded twenty miles of 
roadway. They purchased an engine and ten cars in Cincinnati, and run the 
road six months when it fell into litigation. 



GILMAN. 

The City of Gilman is located in Green Castle Township, a region finely 
watered by tributaries of Timber Creek and North Skunk, and containing 
excellent farming lands. Elias Ililsabeck was the oldest settler in this town- 
ship, having come from Illinois in 1852, and entered his land. The village of 
Green Castle, which died of overweening ambition, since it aspired to be a 
second New York, or of discouragement when the Central Road showed a pref- 
erence for its rival Gilman, was the first city that sprouted in this soil. Mr. 
Blakcley Brush built a large, two-story house there, without wings, which bore 
the name of '• The Castle." Later, this was metamorphosed into modern dwelling. 

Gilman was the direct outgrowth of the Central Railroad of Iowa. 

The territory in the immediate vicinity of Gilman, and the adjacent country 
first began to be settled in 1868. The settlers who were living there at that 
period, or who came soon after were, F. F. IngersoU, Amos Ingersoll, Lyman 

Farr, Berry, George Pence, Jacob and John Pence, John Green, Arthur 

Hall, Lyman Hall, Moses Hall, H. Sutherland, Brayton Burtch, Isaac Mallet, 
Josiah Patterson, A. W. Patterson, W. J. Patterson, William Wenderling and 
Dr. Potter. There were others who come afterward, whose names did not 
occur to Mr. Patterson. 

The railroad came through in the Fall of 1870. The town of Gilman was 

laid out in December, 1870, by Fred. Baum Downer, Charles Hobart and 

F. F. Ingersoll. The town derived its name from President Gilman of the Cen- 
tral Road, now a resident of Eldora. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 537 

The people gave $10,000 and ten acres of land toward tlie construction of 
the railroad. The post office was established in April, 1871. F. F. Inc^ersoll 
was the first Postmaster. After the town Avas laid out, a Town Lot Company 
was formed, which purchased 100 acres of A. W. Patterson ; sixty acres of John 
Green ; eighty acres of C. Hobart; eighty acres of F. F. Ingersoll ; thirty-seven 
acres of Dr. Potter. The Company then began to dispose of the lots, and still 
control the sale. 

The first store in Gilman was built in 1871, by M. L. Rodgers ; it stood on 
the corner, next to Mr. Patterson's warehouse, on the opposite side of the street 
and is occupied by Hartman & Cunningham. The second building was erected 
by A. W. Patterson in the same year. It stands on the corner of IMain 
street, and now occupied by Milton Young. It was first used as a hardware 

StOl'C. 

After this period, the people began to come in so fast that building became 
rapid. Whiteline ik Brothers built the third store. The first lumber yard was 
opened by L. G. Rinehart. Dr. Potter was the first })hysician. The first 
elevator was built in 1871, by A. W. Patterson. Mr. L. G. Rinehart built the 
first resi<lence. Mr. Patterson opened the first hardware house. J. R. Wood 
was the first station agent. 

The Union Mills were established in 1875 by Rigg & Emers. The mills 
are now owned by Rigg & Brownlee. They are located north of the depot. 
The main building is 84x36, a three-story frame structure; the engine room is 
16x40 feet in size. There are two runs of stone, but the proprietors are pre- 
paring to pl&ce another set in the mill. A Cooper engine, built at Mt. A^ernon, 
Ohio, of fifty horse-power is used. All the modern improvements in milling 
machinery are in use in this mill. They have a capacity of 150 barrels per day. 

There are three elevators: the old '* Waggoner Elevator" is the property of 
G. E. Stokes. Rigg & Brownlee own and operate the small elevator that was 
built by A. W. Patterson. L. G. Beal is the owner of a large steam elevator. 

Gilman was incorporated in 1876. The first meeting of the Board, elected 
subject to the incorporation, was held July 31, 1876. The Mayor and Council 
were as follows : John Carney, Mayor ; J. C. Gould, W. S. Horton, C W. 
Waggoner, A- W. Patterson, J. A. Hartman, Councilmen. The Recorder was 
H. H. Gregg, and the Marshal, Ira Elly. The above-named gentlemen held 
their respective offices until March, 1877, when a new election was held, at 
which the Mayor and all the old Councilmen were re-elected except Mr. Hart- 
man, H. Sutherland being chosen in his stead. Messrs. Patterson and Gould 
resigned, and J. B. Pence, and H. W. Mundihank were elected to fill the 
vacancies. R. H. Achard was appointed Assessor, and J. H. Henriques, 
Tieasurer. The latter-named gentleman resigned his office, and L. G. Seagar 
was the appointee in his place. 

The city officers for 1878 are : R. H. Archard, Mayor; H. H. Gregg, 
Recorder ; L. G. Seagar, Treasurer ; D. A. Comstock, Assessor. Councilmen 
— H. Sutherland ; W. J. Ward, Irwin Poet, Dennis Beal, R. Sutton. Ira 
Elly, Marshal. There is no permanent or eifective fire department, though the 
citizens contemplate the purchasing of an engine as a better protection against 
fire. The town is at present provided with a number of hooks and ladders that 
are stored in convenient localities. 

SECRET SOCIETIES. 

Cyrus Lodge. No. SSS. A.. F. cf A. M — A dispensation was granted this 
Lodse in 1874. First officers: C. H. Shaw, \V. M. : J. R. Wood, S. W. ; 



538 HISTORY Oh MARSHALL CuUNTY. 

David Bowen, J. W. ; C. W. Waggoner, Treasurer ; J. H. Seagar, Secretary ; 
W. J. Ward, S. D. ; A. G. Ellis, Tiler. The charter was granted June*3, 
1875. Present officers : W. J. Ward, W. M. ; L. G. Seagar, S. W. ; Dennis 
Beal. J. W. ; C. W. Waggoner, Treasurer ; E. Cunningham, Secretary ; J. C. 
Gould, S. D. ; John Pemberton, J. D. ; R. H. Archard, S. S. ; J. H. Vosburg, 
J. S. ; H. S. Turner, Tiler. Organized with ten members ; present member- 
ship, sixty-five. 

Uden Lodge, No. 316, I. 0. 0. F. — Organized June 9, 1875, with six 
members. The first meeting was held in the second story of the building now- 
owned and occupied by W. D. Forbush. First officers: R. Andrews, N. G. : 
James Durrell, V. G. ; J. R. O'Neal, Secretary ; E. R. Wilkinson, Treasurer. 
Present officers : Irwin Peet, N. G. : Dorr Graves, V. G. ; B. P. Bennett, 
Secretary ; R. Andrews, P. Secretary ; H. W. Mundihank, Treasurer. Mem- 
bership, thirty-eight. 

Oilman Lodge, No. 157, A. 0. U. W. — Tiiis Lodge was organized April 
6, 1878, with eighteen charter members. First officers : W. D. Forbush, P. 
M. W. ; John Carney, M. W. ; Dennis Beal, G. F. ; C. H. Shaw, 0.; 0. P. 
Beal, G. ; H. H. Gregg, R. ; W. S. Horton, F. ; C. W. Waggoner, R. ; H. Alex- 
ander, I. W. ; .John Ensinger, 0. W. Present officers same as above with the 
exception of Recorder, which office is held by C. W. Pinkerton. Membership, 
twenty. 

SCHOOLS. 

The first school house in Gilman, was the school building that was used in 
the district, and after the establishment of the town was moved within the limits. 
About thirty pupils were in attendance the first term. The present school 
building was built in 1873, and is a large two-story frame, containing three 
rooms, and was erected at a cost of $4,000. 

The average attendance is about 135 ; number enrolled, 170. The present 
teachers are R. D. Jones, Principal ; Miss E. Fletcher and Miss Kate Smalley, 
Assistants. The President and Board of Directors are as follows: President, 
W. S. Horton; Secretary, H. Sutherland; Treasurer, C. W. Waggoner: Direct- 
ors, George Pence, William Weaverling, J. H. Scurr. 

RELIGIOUS. 

First Congregational Church. — This Church was organized March 29, 1870, 
with eight members. This being prior to the rise of Gilman, the organization 
was perfected in School House No. 3, Green Castle Township. The Church was 
given the name of the above township but was changed to that of Gilman. Serv- 
ices were held in the school house, until the year 1871, when a church build- 
ing was erected at a cost of $3,148. 

The first minister was the Rev. J. M. Chamberlain. He was succeeded, 
after a few months, by Prof. S. J. Buck. The Church has never been provided 
with a resident Pastor, until the present one, Rev. F. H. Magoon, who, having 
accepted an invitation to become such, entered upon his duties, July 21, 1878. 
In 1877, the church edifice was newly fitted up at a cost of $500, making it 
very pleasant for purposes of worship. The Church membership now numbers 
74, and is constantly increasing. There is a flourishing Sabbath school con- 
nected with this society, with an average attendance of 60. Mr. John Carney 
is the Superintendent. He is assisted by an able corps of teachers. 

The First Metliodist Ejnscopal Church of Gilman was formed in the year 
1872, by uniting two appointments of what was formerly the Le Grand Circuit 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 539 

of Upper Iowa Conference, and the Johnson and Middlefield Classes. The hit- 
ter was organized in the year 1865, by Rev. J. Haymond, in a school house 
near the residence of Mr. L. G. Beale, of Oilman, and formed a part of the 
Le Grand charge until 1872, when the Gilman Circuit was formed, and the Rev. 
K. G. Hawn appointed its Pastor. He served the Church only about six months 
when he left it and went West, and then the Presiding Elder, J. Bowman em- 
ployed J. J. Caldwell to fill out the year. He succeeded during this half vear 
in raising the funds to build a foundation for a church in the then new town of 
Gilman. The lot on which the residence of Mr. D. McDaniels now stands on 
High street, was purchased and the foundation laid just as the Conference vear 
closed. October, 1873, Rev. L. G. Woodford was appointed by the Conference 
to the charge, who thinking the foundation too small, persuaded the people to 
build larger. They finally abandoned both plan and location, and secured lots 
where the present church stands. This building was begun near the close of 
Woodford's first year, and was nearly inclosed at Conference time. At the 
Annual Conference of 1874, L. C. Woodford was re-appointed to Gilman. The 
Chapel was finished and was dedicated by Rev. John Clinton, November 20th. 
The entire cost of the building was $3,871. September 27, 1875, E, D. Hos- 
kyns was appointed to the charge and served two years. October 7, 1877, L. 
S. Cooley was made the Pastor until October 2, 1878. The present number of 
members on the records is 90. 

The M. E. Church of Laurel, Jefferson Township, was organized in June, 
1864, by the Rev. S. Dunton, and formed a part of what was then known as the 
Timber Creek Mission, embracing the following preaching places: Hazel 
Green, Illinois Grove, Story Grove, Bear Grove, Altic's School House and 
Jefferson School House. In the Fall of 1864, the Rev. J. A. Vananda was 
sent to the work and labored one year. In 1865, Rev. J. Havmond was 
appointed preacher, and the circuit was enlarged by the following appointments: 
Richart's, Le Grand, Marietta and State Centre. It was again enlarged at the 
Conference of 1866. Rev. Jacob Haymond was sent as Pastor, and R. 
M. Wade was sent as junior preacher. The latter was sent to fill a vacancy at 
Tama City, near the middle of the year, and Revs. J. Montgomery and Austin 
filled out the year. In 1867, Asa Critchfield was the minister, and in 1868, 
Rev. J. E. Baker, and J. F. Baker in 1869. The Conference of 1870 appoint- 
ed G. M. Hall to the Le Grand charge, and during this year the chapel at Lau- 
rel was begun. R. G. Hawn was sent to the work in 1871. The chapel was 
finished and dedicated Oct. 30, and called Dunton Chapel, in honor of the 
founder of the society here. In 1872, Laurel became a part of the Gilman 
circuit, and R. G. Hawn was its Pastor about one-half of the year, when he 
left the charge for some part of the West. 



EDENVILLE. 

This beautiful little village is situated in Eden Township, eight miles south 
of State Centre, with a rich, thriving community all about it. It was laid out 
by C. B. Rhodes in 1855, who built the first store and brought on the first 
stock of goods. The old store is still standing, unoccupied. The earliest set- 
tler in the vicinity was Greene Allen, who came upon his claim of 600 acres in 
1849. He was made of the right stuff for a pioneer, as even the Timber 
Creek Indian scare did not cause him any trepidation ; or, if it did, he did not 
manifest it. but kept on in the even tenor of his way, not even deigning 



540 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 

to go into the fort with the terrified settlers. A man of the name of Mag- 
gard hved in a cabin near Clear Creek, and made a little improvement, but he 
took a fever from exposure and died before there were half a dozen families 
within twenty miles to miss one of their limited number. Among the earliest 
settlers were Rev. Thomas Mendenhall and Rev. Simon Woolston, the latter 
of whom labored for temperance and Masonry as well as for the church, and 
who afterAvard removed to Missouri, leaving behind him a numerous family of 
sons and daughters. At about the same time came Mr. Owen and Simon Price, 
and Mr. Andrew Logan, who published the first newspaper in Iowa, at 
Davenport, in 1836. Mr. Tufle, of Pittsburgh, Penn., came in 1855, fenced 
his land and built his house when the howl of the wolf was one of the most 
familiar sounds to be heard. Mr. Ruston Bullock came later, also Mr. Jerole- 
man. 

Mr. Rhodes, besides building the first store, built the first mill. There 
were but two families then besides his own — Brooks and Sandford, Sandford 
keeping the hotel. The latter was afterward one of the first Justices in the 
township. 

The first 4th of July celebration was in 1858, and it was a memorable affair. 
The tables were laden, there was music by the choir, and an oration by Rev. 
Mr. Merrill, of Jasper County. Zenas Bartlett was Grand Marshal, and the 
patriotic croAvd marched around the mill and back to the grove in the hot sun. 
Mr. Benson, who a few years later was killed by lightning, was one of the com- 
pany, and Martin Logan, the first one of Eden's sons to fall in the defense of 
his country. There was also Mr. Bartlett, who left wife and little children and 
an aged father to die in a St. Louis hospital ; and George Culver and Irving 
Benson, who were killed at Champion Hills ; then the martyred prisoner, Simon 
Woolston, and, after him, Harry Nichols, who died early at Alexandria. 

The school taught at that early day was in a little log cabin. But a better 
house was built in 1874, a good-sized frame building, which is also used for 
church purposes every Sabbath. There are at present about sixty pupils. A 
weekly mail from Marietta was established in 1857, and Mr. Isaac Sanford was 
the first Postmaster. 

The present business interests of the village are a grist-mill, one general 
store, a shoe shop, two or three blacksmith shops, and the post ofiice. The store, 
occupied by White & Bros., was built in 1877. 

The Des Moines & McGregor' Railroad was surveyed through the place, but 
unfortunately the survey ended it. 

DILLON. 

This village was laid out in June, 1875, by the Central Railroad Company. 
J. Williams made some additions to the town and E. Pemberton did the same. 
The post office Avas established in the Fall of 1875. A. Wendt was the first 
Postmaster. The town was named for Judge Dillon. ^ 

The first store was built by Dr. John Risley. It is the building now occu- 
pied by R. A. Salisbury tit Co. The first residence was built by B. H. Pember- 
ton in July, 1875. 

There is a large elevator in operation, the property of W. E. Russell. It 
was built in 1875, and is operated by horse power. 

The cozy little school house was built in 1877. Divine services are also 
held in the school house. 

Corlieon & Chinburg are proprietors of a large grocery store. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY. 541 

The business interests are represented by one saloon, one drug store, two 
grocery and general stores, two blacksmith shops, one lumber yard and two 
coal yards. 

The place is situated about eight miles i'rom Marshalltown, and is sur- 
rounded by a farming country. 



LAMOILLE. 

This little village, lying about seven and one-half miles west from Marshall- 
town, Avas an outgrowth of the Chicago & North- Western Railway. It is situ- 
ated in Washington Township, and has a population somewhere between two 
hundred and three hundred. The railroad was surveyed through in 1863, and 
a depot was built the same year, the town contributing $800 toward that pur- 
pose. The large coal sheds, tanks and wind-mill, now at the station, were 
erected in 1875. 

The village was platted in 1867, by John L. Stevens, then an employe of 
the C. & N. W. Ry., but now an extensive farmer. The name Lamoille 
was given it by Isaac Howe, from the town in Vermont of the same name. 
The first building was put up within the limits of the town in 1867, and in 
1868, the first store, by John L. Stevens. Samuel Keith rented it then and 
kept a stock of goods in it, and it is now occupied by John Ryan, 

The post office Avas established in 1868, with Henry Durkee as first Post- 
master. 

There are three general stores in Lamoille, one dry goods, one hardware 
and one grocery, besides a wheelwright shop. Samuel Miller built an elevator 
in 1867. 

Mr. Stevens, the founder, has always figured extensively in the affairs of 
the town. 



QUARRY. 

The village of Quarry was laid out in 1868, by the Le Grand Quarry Company. 
It is situated on the North-Western Railway, three miles west of Le Grand. 
Among the first settlers were S. L. Coate, Aldus M. Coate, Silas Wollohan, 
Vogle and others. The first building erected was a hotel. The first store Avas 
built by C. A. Phillips in 1868, and is now occupied by him. Mr. John Smith 
built the first residence. The post office Av^as established in 1867, Avith Elias 
Wollohan as Postmaster. The first physician was Brayton Benn. The first 
birth was a son to Fred. Johnson, named William, and the first death a child of 
the same famdy. A school house Avas built in 1869, one story in height, con- 
taining tAvo rooms, and built of brick. 

The Christian Church has a branch society here, though with no church 
edifice. The population is from 200 to 300, with an average school attendance 
of fifty. 

The present business is represented by tAvo groceries, one blacksmith shop, 
two general stores, one agricultural warehouse, one meat market and one 
saloon. 

Mr. Aldus M. Coate is the proprietor of the large steam elevator, 24x60 
feet in size. He ships about 200.000 bushels of grain per year. The Le 
Grand Quarry Marble is the principal article of export. 



o42 HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



SURVEY OF TOWNS AND VILLAGES. 

It may be convenient to know when tbe several villages were surveyed and 
the survey recorded. The early towns were not recorded at once, in all cases. 
The date of survey antedates the records by some years in the matter of La 
Eayette or Albion. 

Le Grand, the first town, was planned in 1850, and a little settlement made, 
with one store. The records show evidence of the town July 5, 1854. It was 
located on Section 13, Town 83, Range 17. 

Marietta was surveyed in the Summer of 1851, and the plat was recorded 
October 11, 1851. The site is the west half of the southwest quarter of Section 
18, Town 84, Range 18, and the east half of the southeast quarter of Section 
13, Town 84, Range 19. 

La Fayette (called Albion in 1858), was surveyed in August, 1852, but the 
plat was not recorded until July 21, 1856. The site is the west half of the 
southeast quarter and east half of the southwest quarter of Section 6, Town 
84, Range 18. 

Marshall (now called Marshalltown, to distinguish it from another place of 
the same name in this State), was laid out in 1853, and filed August 15, of that 
year. The site is the northwest quarter of the northeast quarter and the north- 
east quarter of the northwest quarter Section 35 ; and the southeast quarter of 
the southwest quarter and the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of 
Section 26. Town 84, Range 18. There have been numerous additions to the 
original plat. 

Bangor was recorded August 17, 1854, and is laid out on the north half of 
the southwest quarter and south half of the northwest quarter of Section 17, 
Town 85, Range 19. 

The year 1857 was a prolific one for town surveys. Liberty was filed April 
28, 1857, and was located on Section 27, Town 85, Range 20, Bevins Grove 
is the town on the Minerva at present. Illinois Grove is also a post station on 
Section 8 of Liberty Township. 

Jeromeville was filed July 6, 1857, and was laid out on Section 25, Town 
84, Range 18, a suburb of Marshalltown. 

Green Castle was recorded on Section 8, Town 82, Range 17, September 7, 
1857, but the scheme never amounted to much. The railroad has ended it for- 
ever, since the line goes two miles from this point. 

State Centre dates from December 2, 1863, and is located on Section 10, 
Town 83, Range 20. 

Edenville is on Section 9, Town 82, Range 20, and was recorded October 
6. 1866. 

Lamoille was filed November 16, 1867, and is situated on Section 2, Town 
83. Range 19. 

Both State Centre and Lamoille are towns created by the North-Western 
road, and the former is one of the leading places in the county. 

Quarry was caused by the development of the stone quarry on Section 11, 
Town 83, Range 17, and was recorded June 11, 1868. 

Liscomb was surveyed on Section 12, Town 85, Range 19, and was filed 
June 1, 1869. 

Gilman, an Iowa Central Railroad town, is situated upon Sections 25, 26, 
35 and 36, in a diagonal manner, in Town 82, Range 17. The plat was re- 
corded January 24, 1872. 



HISTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY, 



543 



Dillon, situated on the same road, was recorded June 15, 1876. 
Section 27, Town 83, Range 17. 



It 



IS on 



UNSURVEYED HAMLETS. 



Timber Creek and Laurel are little hamlets and post stations in Jefferson 
Township ; Green Mountain is a post station, and Fredonia is a settlement, 
both in Marion Township. Minerva is a post station in the township of the 
same name. Bevins Grove and Illinois Grove are post stations on the Minerva 
Creek, in Liberty Township. Stanford is a post station one and a half miles 
noi'th of Bangor, in Bangor Township. The Friends' Society have here located 
a seminary of learning, in which two teachers are employed and some fiftv 
pupils attend. Vienna is the post station located near the center of the town- 
ship of that name. 

PROPERTY STATEMENT. 



TOWNSHIPS, TOWNS AND CITIES. 

Mai'shalltown 

Marshall 

Eden 

Taylor 

Green Castle 

Albion 

Iowa 

Liscomb 

Liscomb Village 

Liberty 

Minerva 

State Centre 

State Centre Village 

Washington 

Logan 

•TefiFerson 

Timber Creek 

Le Grand 

Marion 

Vienna 

Bangor 

Marietta :. 

Gilman 

Total for 1877 

Total for 1867 



VALUE OF 
LAND. 



Value of Value of Per-| 
Town Lots, sonal Property. | 



TOTAL 
VALUE. 



TOTAL 

TAX. 



$98,449 
103,729 
136,777 
112,831 
167,343 

5,550 
108,081 
192,398 

6,946 
149,777 
195,515 
200,431 

3,641 
161,848 
131,602 
155,593 
213,920 
218,056 
192,095 
164,180 
116,251 
220,439 

8,202 



$634,021 

5,571 

550 
33,282; 

! 17,158 



106,328 
4,496 

115 

16,696 
409 

1,9.59 

4,149 

30,818 



$266,859 
45,653 
25,416 
26,624 
88,366 
31.483 
37,015 
38,881 
22,764 
28,527 
41,983 
74,726 
74,735 
98,305 
24,170 
27,476 
79,095 
146,961 
38,800 
27,290 
22,163 
59,092 
28,478 



$999,329 
149,382 
167,764 
139,455 
206,259 

70,315 
145,096 
231,279 

46,868 
178.304 
237,498 
275,157 
184,704 
2()4,649 
l-'^5,772 
183,184 
298,015 
381,713 
231,304 
191,470 
140,3731 
288,680 

62,498 



13,058.654 $855,552 .$1,304,862 $5,219,068 $162,933.55 
2,109,769j 126,829 924,669| 3,161,l67 100,654.45 



$51,264.49 
3,294.64 
4,1.57.19 
3,486.66 
6,119.33 
2,502.60 
3,-519.44 
4,974.15 
1,610.53 
4,380.05 
5,776.66 
7,436.86 
6,558.42 
6,997.03 
5.087.87 
4,264.-59 
7,404.57 
10,068.62 
5,244.03 
5,327.63 
3,488.25 
6,333.90 
3,684.04 




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O i z. 
tic 5 

C Or 



BIOGRAPHICAL DIRECTORY. 



ABBRK"VlJkTIONS. 

agt agent | mach machinist 



carp carpenter 

elk clerk 

Co company or county 

dlr dealer 

far farmer 

gro grocer 

I. v. A Iowa Volunteer Artillery 

I. V. C Iowa Volunteer Cavalry 

I. V. I Iowa Volunteer Infantry 

lab laborer 



mech mechanic 

mer merchant 

mfr manufacturer 

mkr maker 

P. Post Office 

prop proprietor 

S. or Sec Section 

St street 

Bupt superintendent 

Treaa Treasurer 



MARSHALLTOWN AND LINN TOWNSHIP.' 

(P. 0. MARSHALLTOWN.) 



ABBOTT, A. C, manager Hawk Eye 
Oil Mills. 

Abbott, E. A., graiu dealer. 

ABELIi, THOMAS B., deceased ; 
born in Fredonia, N. Y., in 1814; he 
lived there and in Michigan and Ohio, 
and came to Iowa in 1856, locating in 
Marshall Co., at Marietta ; he was asso- 
ciated with Hon. Delos Arnold in the 
real estate and loan business. He mar- 
ried Miss Addie E. Williams July 4, 
1858 ; she was from Erie Co., Penn., 
and came to this county in the Spring 
of 1857. In 1862, they moved to Mar- 
shalltown, and engaged in the banking 
business with Mr. Woodbury, and was 
afterward Vice President of the First 
National Bank until his death, April 
187U ; he left a large property and two 
children — Florence and George M., who 
died July 1, 1878. 

Adams, J. M., drayman. 

Adams. James, physician. 

Adams, Josej^h. mason. 

AICHER, CORl^EUrS, coop- 

er, and manuiacturer of barrels and fir- 
kins ; born in Germany, Oct ):>, 1845 ; 
lived there twenty-two years ; learned 
his trade there, and came to America in 
Oct., 1868 ; came to Sioux City, Iowa, 
and remained one year, then came to 



Marshalltown in 1869, and has been en- 
gaged in his present business for the 
past nine years, and does the largest 
business of the kind here. He married 
Lena Estel, from Ohio, Sept. 3, 1873 ; 
they have two children — Fred and 
George. 

Aldrich, 0. L., machinist. 

AliliEN, I>. J., farmer and stock raiser, 
S. 29; born in Columbiana Co., Ohio, in 
1832; he lived there in 1853, when he 
came to Iowa, to Marshall Co., being 
one of the early settlers ; he is engaged 
largely in farming and stock raising, and 
owns a farm of 560 acres. He married 
Miss Elizabeth Holmes, from Columbi- 
ana Co., Ohio ; they have six children 
— Charles S., Benjamin L., Mary, By- 
ron, Sarah and Joseph. 

Allen, E. W., traveling agent. 

Allen, Oscar, agricultural implements. 

Almblad, Andrew, carpenter. 

Anderson, John A., watchmaker. 

Anderson, John W., tailor. 

Anderson, Pet(;r, laborer. 

ANKEXY, I>AVID E., black- 
smith ; born in Somerset Co., Penn., 
Sept. 1, 1837 ; he learned his trade, and 
carried on his business there; he came to 
Iowa, to Marshalltown, in Dec, 1862, 
and has been entraged in businesss for the 



♦Notice of division in Marshall Township came in after the above had been compile<l. consequently they are put 
in together. See History organization of the County, p. 341. 



546 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



past fourteen years, and longer than any 
one else in the same business now here. 

Ansi'line, John, hotel. 

AXSON, HENRY, far.; born in Can- 
andaigua, Ontario Co., N. Y.; when 5 years 
of age, moved to Ohio ; he started April 7, 
1851, with his team, for Iowa ; leaving 
his fimily in lUinoLs, he came here and 
and built a shanty ; then went after his 
family, and arrived here in July, 1851, 
and pre-empted a quarter of a section of 
land, on which the town now stands, 
from Main street south ; with his 
team, he drove through the tall prairie 
grass to make a track for a road where 
Main street is located, and he cut grass 
and made hay here ; he was the first 
settler in this town, and is the oldest set- 
tler living here ; he engaged in locating 
landforsettlers, and doing a land agency 
business ;in 1852, he built the first steam 
mill i n the county, and sawed all the lumber 
for buildings and fences, and he built the 
first cabin here with windows in. He 
was elected Justice of the Peace in 1852, 
and served four years, and did a large 
conveyancing and surveying business ; 
was appointed County Surveyor. Owns 
a farm adjoining the city limits. Married 
Miss Jennette Rice, from the State of 
New York in July 18-16, she died in 
January, 1859 ; they have three chil- 
dren living — Sturges R., Adrian C; 
lost one son — Melville F. ; his son, Ad- 
rian C, was the first child born in Mar- 
shalltown. 

Anson, A., far., S. 2. 

Anson, S. R., laborer. 

Armbruster, Louis, boot and shoe dealer. 

Armington, A. 0., foundryman. 

\rmor, J. I., master, Central R. 11. 

ARNOL.l>, DFXOS, bom in Che- 
nango Co., N. Y., July 21, 1830; re- 
ceived his education in that State, and 
was a graduate of the Law Department 
of the Albany State University, in the 
Spring of 1853, and came to Iowa in the 
Fall of the same year ; the day follow- 
ing his arrival in Marshall Co., he was 
appointed Prosecuting Attorney, he 
bein"- the only attorney in the county at 
that time; he held that ofiice four years ; 
after practicing his profession seven or 
eight years, he was obliged to give it 
up on account of his health. Was 
elected to the State Legislature in 1856, 



and again in 1869; was elected to the 
State Senate in 1874, and still fills that 
position ; he was appointed by Presi- 
dent Lincoln the first Assessor of In- 
ternal Revenue of the Sixth District, 
embracing about one-third of the area of 
the State, and held the office four years 
and was removed by Andrew Johnson, 
for political reasons, and was succeeded 
by Hon. Thos. H. Benton. Mr. Arnold 
had nothing when he came here, and 
few citizens of this State have been 
more successful. Married Miss Hannah 
R. Mercer N'w. 28, 1855, at Marietta ; 
she was of the Order of Friends, and 
was from Columbiana Co., Ohio ; they 
have three children — Theresa, Delos, 
Jr., and Ralph ; they have lost three 
children in infancy. 

Arnold, J. R., lightning rod dealer. 

Arnold, 0. P., furniture dealer. 

ARNOLD, SETH C, of the firm 
of Arnold Bros., furniture dealers ; born 
in Otsego Co., N. Y., March 21, 1833 ; 
lived there eighteen years, and removel 
to Monmouth, Warren Co., Ill, and 
lived there until 1856, when he came to 
Iowa and located at Iowa Falls, and was 
engaged in the mercantile business there 
until 1874 ; then came to this city, and 
with his brother engaged in the furni- 
ture business. Has held the ofiice of 
Superintendent of Schools several years, 
and Town Treasurer, and other town 
and school offices. Married Miss Jennie 
Wells, from New York, May 9, 1860 ; 
they have three children — Clara L., 
Nellie and Harry O. 

Ash, M., salesman. 

Atkinson, J. A., bus driver. 

Austin, T. D. 

BACH, JOHN, yard master, Central 
R. R. 

Bailey, Wm., farmer. 

RAILE Y, W. T., merchant, grocery, 
provision and crockery ; was born in 
Piatt Co., 111., May 22, 1845; lived 
there until 1868, and was engaged in 
the mercantile business for several years ; 
then entered the army. Enlisted in 
Co. F, 2d 111. V. I.; was in a number of 
fights and skirmishes, and was severely 
crippled at Baton Rouge, La. After 
the war, in 1868, came to Marshalltown 
and for the past eight years, has been en- 
gaged in his present business. Married 



MARSflALLTOWN AND LINN TOWNSHIP. 



547 



Miss Marion L. Burgess, from Vermont, 
in Sept., 1868 ; they have two children 
— Fred I. and John R., and have lost 
one son — Willie. 

BAKEK, ENOS, contractor and 
builder, and Vice President of the Iowa 
Building and Manufacturing Co . Mar- 
shalltown ; born in Highland Co.. Ohio, 
Nov. 28, 1830, and lived in Ohio for 
twenty years ; then removed to Hamil- 
ton Co., Ind., and lived there fourteen 
years ; then came to Marshalltown in 
1864, and since then he has been en- 
gaged in the building business. Has 
held the office of City Alderman. Mar- 
ried Miss Amy George, from Highland 
Co., Ohio, in the Pall of 1852 ; they 
have four children — Lena, Cassius, 
Lulu and Helen ; tliey have lost three 
children. 

Baldwin, Samuel, retired. 

BALLOU, CHARLES T., of 

the firm of W. L Bates & Co., dry 
goods and carpets ; was born in Prince- 
ton, Bureau Co., 111., Oct. 27, 1848; 
received his education and engaged in 
learning the dry goods business, and 
afterward engaged in the business at 
Wyanet, in that county, until the Spring 
of 1874, when he came to Marshalltown 
and associated with W. I. Bates, formerly 
of Princeton, in their present business. 
He married Miss Luella M. Bates, from 
Princeton, Bureau Co., 111., Sept. 18, 
1870. 

Banzhof, John, mason. 

BARXHART, R. H., retired; was 
born in Chautauqua Co., N. Y.. Oct. 
16, 1833; he learned the printing 
business and lived in New York until 
19 years of age ; moved to Michi- 
gan in 1852 ; came to Dubuque, Iowa, 
in 1854, and came to Marshall Co. in 
Oct., 1855; in the Fall of 1856,heand 
E. H. Chapin bought out the Iowa Cen- 
tral Journal^ and it was the first paper 
published in the county ; in the Fall of 
1858, Mr. Barnhart came to Marshall- 
town and established the Marshall 
Coxinty Times, the first issue being Oct. 
13, 1858; he .sold his interest in the 
paper in 1861 to Wm. H. Gellup, and 
engaged in the drug business with R. 
Howe Taylor for ten years ; for the past 
few years he has retired from active 
business. He is very retiring in his 



habits, and has steadily avoided office. 
Married Miss Esther Hemenway, from 
Kalamazoo Co., Mich., July 13, 1853. 

BARROWS, ORVILLE B., 

retired; was born in Delaware Co., 
Ohio, Nov. 13, 1820 ; he was brought 
up on a farm, and engaged in farm- 
ing until 185<» ; then he emigrated to 
Iowa, coming in his wagon, camping 
out nights and was eighteen days on 
the way ; they located in Johnson Co., 
and lived there seventeen years ; then 
then they came to Marshalltown in Dec, 
1868. He was elected Councilman in 
his Ward in 1869, and held that office 
for four and a half years ; was then 
elected Mayor in the Spring of 1874, 
and held that office for three years, and 
declined a re-election ; he has held the 
offices of Town Trustee and Overseer of 
the Poor, and is County Sealer of 
Weights and Measures. Married Miss 
Mary A. Wadsworth, from Vermont, 
Sept. 28, 1844. 

Batchelor, Calef, shoemaker. 

BATES, WM. I., of the firm of 
Wm. I. Bates & Co., dry goods and car- 
pets ; born in Hampshire Co., Mass., 
July 9, 1850 ; when 14 years of age, re- 
moved to Princeton, 111., and was en- 
gaged with his brother in the mercantile 
business for five years ; then sold his in- 
terest and was connected with a whole- 
sale dry goods house in the city of New 
York for four years ; came to Marshall- 
town in 1873, and since then has been 
engaged in the dry goods trade here. 
Mariied Miss Grace Hinsdale, from 
Princeton, III, Feb. 12,1873. 

BAOI, FRED, retired; born in 
Columbiana, Ohio, May 14, 1828; he 
learned the harness making trade, and 
also carriage trimming and painting ; in 
1<^53, he went to civil engineering on 
the Ohio & Indiana, now the Ft. Wayne 
& Chicago R. R. ; he helped make pre- 
liminary survey of portion of the road, 
and afterward had charge of and com- 
pleted the fourth division, from La Fay- 
ette to Vanwert ; he came to Iowa, and 
arrived at Marietta, this county, April 
13, 1855, and engaged in general sur- 
veying and showing lands to settlers, 
and he had several narrow escapes from 
freezing to death while out on urveying 
expeditions ; then he engaged harness 



548 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY : 



making ; he made the first horse collar 
made in this county ; also painted and 
trimmed the first carriage in this county, 
and run the first engineers' level in this 
County, and took the first ambrotype 
and daguerreotype in this county. He 
was elected County Surveyor ; held 
the office of City Assessor from 18G9 to 
1875. Has been in poor health for two 
years past. Married Rachel Dixon, from 
Columbiana, Ohio, March 21, 1851 ; 
she was daughter of John, and grand- 
daughter of Joshua Dixon, founders of 
Columbiana, Ohio ; they have three chil- 
dren — Theron S., Ella and Frank. 

Baxter, E. F., merchant. 

Beach, Geo. E., gas fitter and plumber. 

Beasley, N. H., retired. 

Beebe, Georae H., agent. 

BEE9IEJS, JAHE8 II., proprietor 
Beemer House; born in Luzerne Co., 
Penn., Sept. 9, 1835 ; he lived in Penn- 
sylvania and learned the building busi- 
ness, until 1868, when he came to Iowa 
and to Mahaska Co., and engaged in 
building and hotel business ; he came to 
Marshalltown in May, 1878, and became 
proprietor of the Beemer House. He 
married Miss Eliza Evans, from Luzerne 
Co., Penn., in March, 1858 ; they have 
three children — Clara E., Katie I. and 
Charles M., and have lost one son. 

BEESON, BYROIV A., Treasurer 
of Marshall Co. ; born in Columbiana 
Co., Ohio, Feb. 26, 1838; when 12 
years of age, removed to Indiana, and 
lived there until the Fall of 1854, when 
he came by wagon, with his father's 
family, to Iowa, and was thirty-four 
days on the way ; they came to Marshall 
Co. June 28, 1855, and engaged in 
farming. Was in the army ; enlisted as 
private Aug. 12, 1861, in the 2d Iowa 
V. C, Co. B ; he was in the battles of 
Corinth, in the Spring and Fall of 
1862, luka, Franklin, Nashville and 
many others ; was in every engagement 
of his regiment, some twenty-three or 
twenty-four, except one charge ; was 
promoted and commissioned First Lieu- 
tenant. After his return, engaged in 
the hardware trade. Was elected County 
Treasurer in 1876 ; re-elected in 1877 ; 
has held town and school offices. Mar- 
ried Miss Emily Ulrey, from Pennsyl- 
vania, in April, 1864; they have four 



children — Roxie, Mattie A., Ed. Grier- 
son, Emmet G. ; lost one son in infancy. 

Beckwith, Harvey, laborer. 

BELL., JOHN C, firm of Matthews 
& Bell ; born in Cook Co., 111., May 
12, 1839 ; removed to Schuyler Co. in 
infancy, and lived there until 1852. 
Was in the army ; volunteered April 22, 
1861, in the ikh 111. V. I., Co. A ; 
he served in that company for two 
years and then went in the re-organized 
14th 111. V. I., and was commissioned 
First Lieutenant of Co. E, and was 
afterward promoted to Captain of Co. 
B, and served in that position until the 
close of the war ; was in the battle of 
New Madrid, and at the capture of Gar- 
rison Island No. 10; was with Gen. 
Pope's army around Corinth, and in the 
pursuit of the rebels after the evacua- 
tion ; was with Gen. Rosecrans, and with 
Gen. Sherman in his march to the sea. 
He came to Marshalltown in 1875, and 
engaged in the milling business. He is 
Colonel commanding the 1st Independ- 
ent Batallion Infontry I. N. G. He 
married Miss Nannie Matthews, from 
Springfield, 111., March 9, 1865 ; they 
have four children — Lulu M., William 
M., Nellie M. and Henry G. 

Bellinger, R. A., engineer C. R. R 

Bellows, Frank, railroad conductor. 

Benedict, H. W., soap manufacturer. 

Benson, Peter, laborer. 

Beutter, Frank J., carpenter. 

Bently, John, newspaper carrier. 

Berg, Charles, engineer. 

Berg, John, laborer. 

Berry, W. S., far.,T. 32. 

B£TERAOE, M. C, photograph 
artist; born in Maine, June 8, 1841; 
he went to Canada in infancy, and lived 
until 15 years of age, and then removed 
to Michigan and Wisconsin, where he 
learned his business. He came here in 
Jan., 1876, and associated with Mr. 
Jarvis in his pressnt business. He married 
Hattie Crumb, from \\ isconsin, in 1871 ; 
they have two children — Maud and 
Herbie. 

BIN FORD, BENJAMIN, attor 

ney and Justice of the Peace ; born in 
Salem, Columbiana Co., Ohio, April 23, 
1837 ; I'eceived his education there and 
studied law, and came to Iowa, to Mar- 
shalltown, in 1834, and was engaged in 



MARSHALLTOWN AND LINN TOAVNSHIP. 



549 



the grain business for some time. Was 
elected Justice of the Peace in 1876. 
Married Miss M. H. Duncan from Fay- 
ette, Penn., Dec. 25, 1867 ; they have 
three children Uving — Kennedy D., Fan-, 
nie M. and Martha J. 

BOi FORI), O. Ij., attorney at law ; 
born in Columbiana Co., Ohio, Sept. 20, 
1841, and received his education there; 
came to Marshalltown in 1868, and 
studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in March, 1872, and since then has 
practiced his profession here. Married 
Miss Abbie Fawcett, from Mahoning 
Co., Ohio, in March, 1870 ; they have 
one son — Ernest F. Binford, born Jan. 
8, 1871. 

BEl^fFORD, THADDErS, at- 
torney at law, firm of Brown & Binford ; 
born in Columbiana Co., Ohio, May 14, 
1849 ; received his education there and 
graduated from the Cleveland Law Col- 
Ieg»; in 1862 ; after teaching for two 
years, he • came to Marshalltown, and 
commenced the practice of his profession ; 
is associated with Hon. Timothy Brown. 
Married Miss Angle Beasley from La 
Fayette, Ind., Oct. 18, 1864 ; they have 
four children — Maggie J., Mamie L., 
Eusene B. and Jessie F.; lost one little 
girl — Luella. 

BIRCHARD, ABNER T.,drug 

gist ; born in Susquehanna Co., Penn., 
Aug. 24, 1834; he lived in that State 
until 1856, and came to Iowa, to Ma- 
haska Co.; then removed to Humboldt 
Co., and lived there until the massacre 
at Spirit Lake. He was in the army ; 
enlisted in 1862 in the 32d I. V. I., 
being on non-commission stafl' Quar- 
termaster Seargeant. After the war, he 
returned to Boone Co. and engaged in 
business; came to Marshall Co. in Oct., 
1870 ; since then, he has been engaged 
in .the drug business. He has held 
town and school offices. Married Mar- 
garet S. Lytle, from the State of New 
York, in Dec, 1865 ; he has three chil- 
dren by a former wife — Ellen LT., Theo- 
dore P. and Mellie. 

Blackburn, J. T., clerk. 

Blodgett, C. P., teacher. 

Bloomfield, R. E. 

Boardman, C. E., attorney. 

board:?! AN. H. E. J., capitalist. 

Borden, A. M., farmer. 



BOVEE, JA^IES, firm of Blaney 
& Bovee, meat market ; born in Caledo- 
nia Co., Vt., Feb. 19, 1834 ; he lived in 
Vermont eighteen years, and went to 
California in Dec, 1851, and was there 
two years and a half engaged in mining ; 
returned to Vermont, and came to Iowa 
in 1856, to this county, Marion 
Tp., and engaged in farming; he 
being one of the early settlers, there 
being only a very few here then ; he has 
carried grain to Iowa City and Cedar 
Kapids, and has sold wheat at 30c. a 
bushel; he came to this city in 1874, 
and engaged in his present business. 
Married Miss Eliza Morris, from Ohio, in 
Jan., 1864; they have three children 
— Clyde, Maud and Morris ; have lost 
one daughter. 

BOWL.ER, J. ROSS, proprietor 
Boardman House ; born in Geauga Co. , 
Ohio, Jan. 6, 1837 ; he lived in Ohio 
until the breaking-out of the war. In 
1861, he enlisted as a landsman in the 
Navy ; he was transferred to the Fleet 
Paymaster on the naval station at Cairo 
for one year, and then received the ap- 
pointment and was commissioned Pay- 
master, with rank of Major ; there were 
1 ,300 applications for the position ahead 
of him ; the Secretary of the Navy or- 
dered an immediate examination, and 
he received the appointment ; he re- 
mained in that position from 1861 until 
1865, the close of the war ; he was then 
Cashier in the Quartermaster's Depart- 
ment of Water Transportation. Re- 
mained in New Orleans for two years 
after the war, and came to Ackley, Iowa, 
in 1869, and came to Marshalltown in 
1871; was proprietor of the Williams 
House and the Willard House, and after- 
ward built the Bowler House ; he was 
solicited, in 1877, to take charge 
of the Boardman House, one of 
the finest hotels in the West. He 
married Miss Florence E. Bromley, 
daughter of Charles E. Bromley, in 
Nov., 1873 ; they have one son — Char- 
lie Ross. 

Bowman, G. M., saloon and restaurant. 

BOWJttAN, JOHN, proprietor of 
the Marshall Brewery ; born in Ger- 
many, Nov. 10, 1820 ; learned the trade 
of a miller, and came to America in 
1847 ; lived in Pennsylvania, and 



550 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



in New Jersey, and tvorked for S8.00 
per munth, and afterward for fifty cents 
a day ; worked at the milling business in 
Pensylvania ; came to Iowa in 1856, to 
Iowa City, and came here to Marshall- 
town, in the Fall of 1858, and engaged 
in the brewing business ; he had only 
about §1,000 when he came, and com- 
menced the business in a small way, and 
enlarged it as he could pay for it, from 
time to time, until now, by industry and 
good management ; his buildings and 
improvements are as complete as can be 
found in the State ; he has invested over 
$60,000 ; he makes over 3,000 barrels 
a year. Married Mary B. Walbert, 
from Germany, in July, 1847; they 
have three children — George, John and 
Fred ; they have lost one son and two 
daughters. 

Bowry, Adolphus, painter. 

Bowery, Hezekiah. 

Boyington, D. D., clerk, lumber yard. 

Brackett, J. W., grain dealer. 

BRADL.EY, JOHN H., Judge of 
the Circuit Court ; born in Fairfield, 
Conn., May 9, 1837 ; he received his 
education there until 1856, when he 
attended school in New York ; came to 
Iowa City, and studied his profession 
and was admitted to the bar in Oct.. 
1857 ; commenced the practice of his 
profession there in March, 1858, and 
continued until July, 1862, when he 
came to Marshalltown. He was elected 
District Attorney, and held that oflBce 
from Feb., 1866, until Oct., 1872 ; he 
was elected Judge of the Judicial Dis- 
trict embracing the counties of Marshall, 
Story, Boone, Webster, Hamilton, Har- 
din, Wright and Franklin, Jan. 1, 1873. 
Married Miss Sarah L. Duncan in Iowa 
City, in Sept., 1859 ; she was from 
Fayette Co., Penn.; they have two chil- 
dren — Charles D. and Susie C; have 
lost one son — Henry D., born Dec. 25, 
1864, and died in Feb., 1876. 

Brainard, ^1. W., carpenter. 

BREMNER, WILLIAM, County 
Surveyor ; born in Scotland, March 
21, 1831 ; came to America in infancy ; 
lived in the States of New York and 
Mas.sachusetts ; in 1839, went to New 
Hampshire, and lived there seven- 
teen years ; was in the engineering 
corps in Connecticut ; came to Iowa in 



1856 ; after looking over the State, he 
settled here, and was one of the early 
settlers. He represented this county in 
the State Legislature in 1860-62 ; was 
elected County Surveyor in 1865, and 
has held the office since then ; has also 
held the office of Justice of the 
Peace ; he was in the Provost Mar- 
shal's office in Tennessee one year dur- 
ing the war. Married Miss Catherine 
C. Hampton from Columbiana Co., 
Ohio, during the war. May 24, 1860 ; 
she came to Iowa, April 11, 1840 ; one 
of the earliest settlers ; they have four 
children — George H., Frances H., An- 
na Bell and William H. William P. 
Hepburo, brother of Mrs. Bremner, came 
here in 1856, one of the early attor- 
neys here; he was interested in the 
county seat trouble ; he was in the army 
in the 2d I. V. C, Co. B. ; he got up 
the company, and was commissioned as 
Captain. He is now living in Page 
Co. 

BREN]VE€KE, CHAS., money 
loaner ; born in Prussia July 4, 1814; 
learned the business of an architect and 
carpenter ; came to America in 1840 ; 
he lived at Harper's Ferry, and built 
the bridge there. He married Miss 
Catharine Reimschneider, from Germa- 
ny, June 28, 1844, at Cumberland, Md., 
they lived in Cumberland, Md., nine 
years, and came to Iowa in 1854, and 
located at Timber Creek ; they were 
among the early settlers ; he has a farm, 
saw-mill and grist-mill there ; he lived 
there until 1866, when he came to this 
city, and since then, aside from looking 
after his interests, and loaning money ; 
lie started to Europe in May, and is now 
in the old country, visiting old friends 
there ; they have six children — Emma; 
Augusta, Johanna, John, Frank and 
Nellie ; they have lost one daughter — 
Lena. 

Britt, W. L., teamster. 

Broadhead, John, jeweler. 

Bromley, C. E., dry goods and clothing. 

Brown, Andrew, laborer. 

Brown, L. W., carpenter. 

BROWN, TIMOTHY, attorney at 
law, firm of Brown & Binfbrd ; born 
near Cooperstown, Otsego Co., N. Y., 
Dec. 27, 1827 ; he was brought up on 
a farm, attending school during the Win- 



MARSHALLTOWN AND LINN TOWNSHIP. 



551 



ters ; he was afterward a student in the 
Unadilla Academy ; he then engaged in 
teaching in district and select schools; 
when 21 years of age, he became a stu- 
dent in the office ol'Hon. J. C. Gregory of 
Unadilla ; after two years' study, he en- 
tered the office of his uncle, Elijah 
Brown, of Milford, and was admitted to 
to the bar by the Supreme Court of the 
State; in 1855 he came to Iowa, and 
settled in Toledo, Tama Co. ; in 1857, 
he came to Marshalltown, and engaged 
in the practice of his profession, and has 
been here twenty-one years, acquiring 
an extensive and remunerative practice. 
He married Miss Laura Wheeler, from 
Jefferson Co., N. Y., Dec. 23, 1857; 
they have three children — Mary A., 
L. Willie and Fred Arthur ; lost one son 
in infancy. 
Brown, William S., teamster. 

BR[J^>H, WILLIAM R., assist 
ant engineer, water works ; born in Clay 
Co., Ind., Jan. 9, 1837, and removed 
to Bond Co., 111., when 9 years of age ; 
came to this State and county in 1854 ; 
they came by wagon, and were twenty 
days on the way. He was in the army ; 
enlisted in the 5th I. V. I., Co. D; 
was in the battles of luka, Miss., Cor- 
inth, New Madrid and at Island No. 
10 ; was wounded in the battle of luka. 
After the war, he went to Colorado, and 
was engaged in the lumbei' business for 
seven years, and then returned here. 
Marrie<l Miss Minerva A. Dixon, from 
Pennsylvania, Feb. 22, 1870 ; they have 
one adopted daughter — Anna. 

Buchwald, Charles, saloon. 

Buhl, John, brewery. 

BULLOCK, J. C., firm of J. C. Bul- 
lock & Co., dealers in general hardware 
and house furnishing goods ;born in Ful- 
ton Co., N. Y., Sept. 10, 18-12 ; lived there 
until 50 vears of age. Was in the army ; 
enlisted in the 153d N. Y. V. I., Co. 
E ; was in a number of battles ; among 
them were Pleasant Hills, Winchester, 
Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek ; at the 
battle of Cedar Creek Oct. li), 1864, 
he was taken prisoner, and confined in 
Libby Prison, and at Salisbury, N. C, 
for four months. After his return from 
the war, he was in business in New 
York, and in the grocery business four 
years in Whitewater, Wis.; came to 



Marshalltown in Feb., 1878, and with 
his brother engaged in the hardware 
biisiness. Married Miss Libby Davis 
from Palatine, N. Y., in 1808; they 
have one son — Davis J. Bullock. 

BIJNCE, NATHANIEL L., 

vineyard and fruits; born in Huron Co., 
Ohio, May 8, 1829 ; received his educa- 
tion and studied medicine and gradu- 
ated at the Western Reserve College, 
Cleveland, in 1851 ; he came to Mar- 
shalltown and located here in August, 
1857, and engaged in practicing his pro- 
fession ; his practice called him all over 
this section of the country, and he has 
frequently ridden fifty to 100 miles before 
returning home ; and swimming the river 
and being surrounded by prairie fires, 
and chasing wolves were fre(|uent inci- 
dents in his early practice ; after some 
six or eight years, he was obliged, on 
account of his health, to give up his 
practice; was afterward engaged in the 
drug business, and selling goods ; for 
the past few years, he has given his at- 
tention to cultivating grapes and small 
fruits, and is now improving a very fine 
place. He was appointea by the Gov- 
ernor, Surgeon at Camp McClelland, 
and aided in the recruiting service dur- 
ing the war. He holds the office of 
City Councilman. Married Miss Cath- 
arine A. Bristol July 3, 1852 ; she was 
born in Su-^sex Co., New Jersey, and 
removed to Ohio when 16 years of 
age. 
Burke, Martin, laborer, C. R. R. 

Bl RKHART, CHARLES J., 

editor Stufeninan. 
Burritt, B. L., attorney. 
Burrington, P. V., paymaster C. R. R- 
Butts, David, fireman, C. R. R. 

CALDWELL, BROOKS C, larmer, 
S. 33. 
CALHOrN, W. H., agent and deal- 
er in agricultural implements ; born in 
Bedford Co., Penn., May 27, 1836 ; 
when 10 years of age, he removed to 
the mineral regions of Western Mary- 
land, and was brought up there ; when 
20 years of age, with his knapsack on 
his back, he started for Illinois, and lo- 
cated in Ogle Co.; he lived there and in 
Northern Illinois until 1865, when he 
came to Iowa, to Marshalltown ; he 
opened a farm, and the following year 



552 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



engaged iu business, and has continued 
in it for the past twelve years. He has 
held the office of City Councilman for 
the past ten years, and was one of the 
committee for building the water works. 
He married Miss Louisa DeVore, from 
Bedford Co., Penn, in Nov., 1857 ; they 
have eiiiht children — Clara A., Emma 
J., Elhr, Albert C, Frank D., Willie H., 
Hattie and Lulu. 

■Cammick, James, painter. 

Canfield, G. L., mason. 

Canfield, J., runs on railroad. 

Cavenaugh, J., round house, C. R. R. 

Carlson, C. P , laboi-er. 

CARNEY, JAMES L,., attorney 
at law ; born in Lawrence, Essex Co., 
Mass., July 29, 1847, and lived in Mas- 
sachusetts until 6 years of age, and 
then removed to Pennsylvania, and aft- 
erward to Ohio, and came to Powe- 
shiek Co., Iowa, in 1858 ; he received 
his education, and graduated at Iowa 
College, at Grinnell, in 1871, and took 
degree of B. S.; he then entered a law 
school, the State University at Iowa 
City, and graduated in 1873, ; he came 
to this city and has practiced his profes- 
sion here. 

Carpenter, A. A., teamster. 

Carpenter, C. S., coal dealer. 

Carpenter, J. M., butter and egg dealer. 

CARTER, GEO. W., DR., 
physician ; was born in England, 
April 18, 1827 ; he came to America 
when 7 years of age ; he lived in New 
York, and began the study of his pro- 
fession therein 1850; he removed to 
Michigan to attend the university there ; 
lie completed his professional education 
and graduated in 1858 ; after spending 
the Summer in Chicago, he came to 
Davenport, Iowa, and engaged in the 
practice of his profession. He was in 
the army ; went as Assistant Surgeon of 
the 9th I. V. I., until May, 18G3, when 
he was transferred and promoted to Sur- 
geon of the 3d I V. C, and was 
with that regiment until he was 
mustered out in the Fall of 1865. He 
came to Marshalltown in the Fall of 
18(38, and since then has practiced his 
profession here. He married Miss Cor- 
delia N. Parks, from Genesee Co., N. 
Y., in Feb., 1855. 

€assiday, Michael, laborer. 



Caswell, Obed, attorney. 

Chalfant, E. B., carpenter. 

CHAPIX, E. N., Postmaster, and 
publisher of the Marshall Times ; born 
in Tyringham, Berkshire Co., Mass., 
June 5, 1822 ; lived in Massachusetts 
twenty-seven years ; went to California 
in 1849 ; was there five years and re- 
turned to Massachusetts in 1854; cauu; 
to Iowa, and arrived in this county in 
June, 1855 ; he went to Rock Island 
after a load of groceries, also carted flour 
from Oskaloosa, which was the nearest 
flour-mill; in 1856, he commenced pub- 
lishing the loioa Central Journal; sold 
out to his partner, Mr. Barnhart, who 
moved the office to this town and they 
started the Marshall County Times ; 
Mr. Chapin has been connected with it 
most of the time since, and now the pa- 
per has a daily and weekly issue. Has 
held the office of Supervisor of this 
county ; was appointed Postmaster under 
President Lincoln, and was the first 
government officer removed by Andrew 
Johnson for political reasons ; he was 
again appointed Postmaster by President 
Grant in March, 1876. Married Eliza- 
beth Moore of Washington, Penn., in 
1857. 

CHAPMAN, W. A., DR., phy- 
sician ; born in Delaware Co., Ohio, 
Sept 11, 1844; lived in Ohio until 16 
years of age, and removed to Iowa , re- 
turned to Ohio and studied medicine 
and graduated in the Cleveland Medical 
College in the Spring of 1868 ; he then 
came to Poweshiek Co., and practiced 
medicine until 1872, when he came to 
Marshalltown, and since then has prac- 
ticed his profession here. Was in the 
army in the 4th I. V. C, Co. E, and 
was in the service for eighteen months. 
Married Miss Mary L. Clark from Powe- 
shiek Co , Iowa, in Nov., 1868; they 
have two children — A.lma J. and Will- 
iam H.; they lost one son. 

CHILDS,".TOHN, bee keeper ; born 
in Massachusetts, Jan. 8, 1815; re- 
moved in infancy to Steuben Co., N. 
Y., \ihere he lived until 26 years of age, 
and then removed to Ohio. Married 
Miss Lodency Force ; she was born in 
Steuben Co., N. Y.; they started to Iowa 
in May, 1853, comingto La Salle, 111., and 
from there by wagon, spending the Winter 



MARSHALLTOWN AND LINN TOWNSHIP. 



553 



near Princeton, and came on here in tlie 
Spring ; arrived in Marshalltown in May, 
being among the first settlers ; he bought 
a ch^im of William Ralls, of o20 acres, 
north of and adjoining Main street, and 
built the first frame house in the town ; 
tlie first meeting in this town was held 
in their log house, thirteen feet square ; 
in 1855, they went back to Ohio with 
their own team ; on the way, their child 
was taken sick, and Mr. Childs was also 
sick ; Mrs. Childs sat under the wagon 
all night long, out on the prairie, holding 
her little child in her arms, and watch- 
ing it by a lighted candle, expecting it 
would die in her arms before morning ; 
they have two children — Mrs. Louisa 
Choate, and Mrs. R. E. Sears ; they 
have lost one son — Benjamin, and two 
daughters — x\delaide and Edith. 

Chindstrind, James, blacksmith. 

Chrisford, John, cabinet maker. 

Choate, John P., engineer, C. R. R. 

Choate, M. M., wood dealer. 

Church, H. A., stock dealer. 

Cisne, C. J., carpenter. 

Clark, A. G., clerk. 

Clark, B. C., law student. 

Clark, Cluster, mason. 

Clark, R. K., far.. S. 31. 

Clark, S. H., dairy. 

Clark, Thomas, butcher. 

COBURX, JOHIV C, of the firm of 
of Coburn & Rewey, carriage makers ; 
born in Livingston Co., N. Y., Oct. 2, 
1842 ; removed to Wisconsin when 2 
years of age ; learned his trade there. 
He enlisted in the 22d Regt. Wis. V. 
L, Co. D; was at the battles of Spring 
Hill and Brentwood Station, Tenn. ; was 
taken prisoner ; was with Gen. Sherman 
from Chattanooga to the close of the 
war. He came here in 18G8, and since 
then has been engaged in his present 
business. He married Miss Sadie Shirk, 
from Pennsylvania, Oct. 21, 1871 ; they 
have one son — George 0., born Dec. 3, 
1875. 

Colburn, J. C, wagon maker. 

Cole, Albert, carpenter. 

Cole, Thomas, far.,S. 34. 

Cole, William, carpenter. 

Collins, Morris, section boss, C. R. R. 

Colly, J. I., mason. 

Collyer, Henry, butter, eggs and fruit. 

Colt, J. C. 



Colt, John F. 

Colton, F. D., carpenter. 

Cook, E. C, real estate. 

Cooper, A. B., cooper. 

Cooper, A. B., grocer. 

Cooper, A. S., laborer. 

Coppock, J. A., carpenter. 

Coppock, W. R., gloves and mittens. 

COX, A. B., proprietor of the Bowler 

House at the depot of the C, N. W. 

and Central R. R. of Iowa. 
Craig, George L., tinsmith. 
Craig, James, laborer. 
Craig, Wm. T., mail agent. 
Crambce, J. A., carpenter. 
Craudall, E. E., laborer. 
Crawford, E., laborer. 
Crawford, Edwin, teamster. 
Crellcn, Cesar, laborer. 
Crellen, John, laborer. 
Cronkleton, 0. T., stock dealer. 
Culp, S. R., sewing machine agent. 

CnOIOGS, WILLIAM C, 

DR., physician ; born in Otsego Co., 
N. Y., Oct. 22, 1829. After receiving 
his education, he graduated at Geneva, 
N. Y., and practiced his profession at 
Great Bend, Susquehanna Co., and also 
in Broome Co., near Binghamton, for 
several years ; then attended a medical 
college at Albany and graduated again, 
and came to Iowa and located for a 
short time at Eddyville, and then 
located near Oskaloosa. Upon the 
breaking-out of the rebellion, lie was 
among the first to offer his services to 
the Government; all of his father's 
family were extreme Seymour Demo- 
crats, and he was the only Republican, 
and the only one of the family name 
that was loya' to the Government dur- 
ing the war. He was appointed First 
Assist. Surgeon of the 10th I. V. I., 
and had not been out ten days before 
he was made Brigade Surgeon ; on 
account of ill health he was obliged to 
return home ; then went in the field 
again ; was detailed and had charge ot 
General Hospital at Corinth ; he was in 
the service eighteen months, and it cost 
him over $800 more than he received ; 
after the war, he returned to Oskaloosa, 
and came here in 1865, and since then 
he has ])racticed his profession here. 
Married 3Iisi? Mary Lounsbery, from 
Windsor, N. Y., in 1852; they have 



554 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



two children — William C. and Ben 
Franklin ; lost one daughter in infancy. 

(Junnin<iham, C. P., engineer. 

ClT]«XIXGHAItt, D. W., of the 

firm of Cunningham & JLones, lumber 
dealers ; he was born in Orleans Co., N. 
Y., March 20, 1828; studied civil 
engineering, and was in the State 
Engineer Corps in the enlargement of 
the Erie Canal ; in 1850, he went 
South on account of his health ; was 
connected with building railroads there. 
He became intimately acquainted with 
many leading men — Calhoun, Pickens, 
Kelt, Rheitt, Wade Hampton, Colonel 
Orr, and many others. Upon the 
breaking out of the war, he came North, 
sacrificing all of his interests there ; 
came to Lyons, Iowa, without a cent, 
and when the railroad reached here, he 
came to Marshall, and engaged in the 
lumber business. Married Miss Eliza- 
beth Raymond, from Port Jervis, Orange 
Co., N. Y., in November, 1865 ; they 
have three children — Artie, Charlie and 
Willie. 

Curtis, J. F., carpenter. 

"pvAILY, JOSEPH, shoemaker. 

Daniels, John, laborer. 

Darling, John, machinist. 

Dart, J. T., with Iowa Building Co. 

Dart, L. S., carpenter. 

DATESMAX, PKTER, photo- 
graphic artist ; born in Northampton 
Co., Penu., Aug. 15, 1832 ; he lived in 
Pennsylvania twenty-three years and 
came to Iowa in 1855 ; came to Marshall- 
town the same year, and is one of the 
early settlers ; he commenced the study 
of his profession and has been engaged 
in the business since then, twenty-two 
years, and longer than any artist in the 
county. He married Miss Fannie M. 
Gfcrhart from Pennsylvania Jan. 12, 
1865 ; they have two children — Lillie 
and Clara. 

Davis, Patrick, lab. C. R. R. 

Dean. DeWitt, clerk. 

DEITRICH, K. W., retired ; born 
ill Adams Co., Penn., and lived in that 
State for twenty-two years ; then removed 
to Ohio and lived there until 1854 ; he 
came to Dubuque, Iowa, in 1855, and 
engaged in the wholesale grocery 
trade ; then sold out and went to Wis- 



consin in 1861, and engaged in the gro- 
cery trade at Green Bay; afterward in 
the Planing Mill business until 1869, 
when he came to Marshalltown and en- 
gaged in mercantile business ; he was 
burned out May 4, 1872 ; he rebuilt 
his store and again went into business 
and continued for a time and then sold 
out. Married Mrs. Ann Tanner, for- 
merly Miss Ann Whiler, from England ; 
they have two children — Francis Ann 
and John Edward, is book keeper for 
J. W. Bracket ; he has one son, Thomas, 
by his first wife ; he is not living. 

Detereck, J. F., cigar maker. 

Diesing, Charles, gardener. 

Diesing, Louis, gardener. 

Dishmer, John, miller. 

DOOLITTLE, MYRON O., 

grain dealer ; born in Canandaigua, 
Ontario Co., New York, May 4, 1822 ; 
he lived in York State until 1862, when 
he removed to Michigan, and lived there 
two years and came to Iowa, to Mar- 
shall Co., and engaged in farming for 
three years ; run the Anson House for 
eighteen months, and since then has 
been engaged in the grain business. 
Married Miss Adaline C. Anson, from 
Canandaigua, Ontario Co., N. Y., March 
12, 1855; they have four children — 
William, Ella, Clara, Mabel and have 
lost two daughters. 

Doty, F. A., carpenter. 

Downer, J. D., farmer and stock dealer. 

Draper, A'. V., tailor. 

DRrM, CHARLES, firm of Drum 
& Heald, dealers in groceries and pro- 
visions ; born in Union Co., Penn., July 
24, 1839 ; he lived there seventeen 
years and came with his parents to Iowa ; 
they were six weeks on the way and yot 
here in Marshall County June 27, 1856; 
they were early settlers. He married 
Miss Anna Windish in Marshalltown 
Aug. 23, 1868 ; they have one daughter 
— Maud : they have lost two sons — 
Harry and Martin. 

Drum, John, teamster. 

Duer, Fred. K., carpenter. 

I>UOlJII>, CORTL,A]*I>, mer 
chant and dealer in groceries aud crock- 
ery ; born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., 
July 20, 1826 ; he lived in that State 
until 1856, then removed to Virginia, 
in Fairfax Co., near Bull Run battle 



MARSHALLTOWN AND LINN TOWNSHIP. 



555 



ground ; he came to Knox Co., 111., for 
two years, and came to Marshalltown in 
1866 and engaged in his present busi- 
ness in the same location he now occupies. 
He married Miss Jane Vincent, from 
Onondaga Co., N. Y., in 1848; they 
have three children — Eva, Mary I. and 
Emma. 

Dunham, S. P., painter. 

Durant, Alfred, pattern maker. 

Dure ll. H. E., livery stable. 

Tj^ARLE, G. M., retired. 

East, H. D., fui'niture dealer. 

EAST, WILLIAM, firm of William 
East & Son, furniture dealers ; born in 
Berkshire, England, March 12, 1824, 
and came to America in 1840 ; went to 
Rochester, N. Y.. and engaged in chair 
making; came to Iowa, to Marshalltown 
in April, 1862. There was not a foot 
of sidewalk, nor a church in this town 
at that time. He engaged in the furni- 
ture business in December, 1862, and 
has been in the business for sixteen 
years ; the oldest furniture dealer here. 
Holds office of City Alderman, is serv- 
ing his sixth year. Married Harriet J. 
Ranney, from Allegany Co., N. Y., in 
1848; they have four children — Harry 
D., Mary, William R. and George. 

Eastabrook, R., ins. and real estate agent. 

EASTMAN, HEl^RY W., 
Freight and Ticket Agent C. &. N. W. 
R. R. ; born in Littleton, N. H., Oct. 
13, 1831; lived there twenty-one years, 
and removed to Illinois, to Elgin, and 
entered the employ of the Galena & 
Chicago Union R. R., now the C. & N. 
W. R. R. Upon the breaking-out of the 
war, he enlisted in the 52d Regt. 111. V. 
I., Co. K, Sept. 1, 1861 ; he was in the 
battlesof Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth 
and in the siege of Atlanta, and in many 
fights and skirmishes ; after the war, he 
returned to the C. & N. W. R. R. again. 
He held office of Postmaster at Clinton- 
ville during all of Buchanan's and part 
of Pierce's administration. He came to 
Iowa ; was at Cedar Raj^ids three years, 
and was also Agent at Tama City four 
years, and came here December, 1876. 
He has been connected with the C. & 
N. W. R. R. since 1853 — for twenty- 
five years, except while he was in the 
arnjy ; one of the oldest officers on the 



road. He married Miss H. M. Gui)till, 
from Kecseville, N. Y., in April, 1856. 

Edwards. Albert, tinner. 

Edwards, J. S., agent Ilayworth Fence Co. 

Ehle, Mark, firm B. T. Frederick Co., 
Foundry. 

Eich, Christopher, mason. 

Eich, Chris., Jr., lal)orer. 

Elliott, O. F.. farmer. 

ELLIS, F. IL, architect ; born in 
Cortland Co., N. Y., July 18, 1837; 
learned the business and trade of archi- 
tect and builder ; removed to Pennsyl- 
vania ; lived there eleven years ; then 
came to Chicago and was there five years ; 
was architect and superintendent of many 
fine buildings there ; came to Marshall - 
town in 1876, and since then has taken 
a leading position in his business, which 
extends over this part of the State. 
Married Miss Martha J. Davis, from 
the State of New York, in 1862. 

Englehart, Andrew, retired. 

Englehart, A., laborer. 

Engstrom, J. A., clerk. 

Entriken, J. E., farmer. 

Evans, S. W., farmer. 

XpERLL, M. B. 

Ferguson, G. W., farmer, Sec. 25. 

FISHER, WILLIAM, Chief En- 
gineer of Marshalltown Water Works ; 
born in England Sept. 2, 1838, and 
came to America when 10 years of age ; 
came to Iowa in 1852 ; commenced 
learning engineering and was in machine 
shops ten years ; was in the army. En- 
listed in Co. A, 1st Iowa V. I.; w;\s in 
the battle of Wilson Creek ; saw Gen. 
Lyon when he was killed. He assisted 
in building the water works, and run 
them f jr a while. He built water works 
at Anamosa in 1875, and in Muscatine 
in 1876 ; was employed to take charge 
of the works here Sept. 5, 1876. Mar- 
ried Martha Loucks, from New York, 
Sept. 15, 1861 ; she was born in 1840 ; 
they have two children — Lizzie J. and 
Lillie May. 

Fleming, Peter, merchant tailor. 

Fletcher, T. J.,ca.shier 1st National Bank. 

Force, Isaac, furniture. 

Ford, Calvin. 

Ford, F. L., carpenter. 

FORNEY, HENRY, retired; bom 
in Franklin Co., Pa., May 6, 1820, and 



556 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



lived there twenty-two years, and learned 
the wagon making business ; he removed 
to Ohio and to Michigan, and then to 
La Porto, Ind., and lived there until 
coming to Iowa, and arrived in Mar- 
shalltown May 6, 1856 ; he engaged in 
carpenter work and building and dealing 
in land ; he is one of the early settlers, 
having lived here over twenty-two years. 
He married Mrs. E. A. Brown, formerly 
Miss E. A. Williams, from Seneca Co., 
Ohio, Aug. 18, lb59 ; they have five 
children — Calvin H., Russell, Edith R., 
Maurice and Lee. Mrs. Forney has one 
son — Arthur, by her first husband. 

Forney, Jerr}', grocer. 

Frazier, James, mason. 

FREDERICK, B. T., firm of B. 
T. Frederick k Co., proprietors of the 
Marshall Iron, Brass and Stove Foun- 
dry and Machine Shops ; born in Fred- 
ericktown, Columbiana Co., Ohio, Oct. 
5, 1834; he lived in Ohio and Pennsyl- 
vania eighteen years ; came to this town 
in 1855, and engaged in selling dry 
goods, in the Winter of 1855-56 ; has 
ridden over the prairie all day when the 
thermometer was 33° below zero; in 
1857, went to California, and returned 
in 1859 ; lived in Mahaska County four 
years; in 1864, he bought one-half 
interest in his present business, in which 
he has built vip a large and extensive 
trade in this State, Minnesota and Da- 
kota ; he is Director in the First National 
Bank. Married Miss W. T. Putnam, 
from Ohio, April 24, 1860 ; they have 
three children — Bethsheba L., Mary E. 
and Maggie Belle ; they lost two little 
girls — Addie F. and Gem. 

FRENCH, ALFRED X., Auditor 
Marshall County ; born in Charleston, 
Portage Co., Ohio, Jan. 18, 1838; 
lived in Ohio until 17 yeai's of age; he 
lived in New York and Pennsylvania ; 
came to Iowa in 1859. Was in the 
army ; enlisted in the 19th Regiment 
Ohio Infantry, Company D ; was in the 
battle of Rich Mountain. After leaving 
the army, came to this county, and 
engaged in building. He was appointed 
Deputy County Auditor in Sejttember, 
1871 ; he was appointed Auditor of this 
county in the Fall of 1873, and was 
elected Auditor in 1875, and was re- 
elected in 1877. Married Miss Sarah 



J. Howell, from Ohio, July 12, 1863 ; 

they have four children — Fred B., Elsie, 

Mabel and Ray ; lost one son. 
Frisbie, J. H. H., City Treasurer and 

Deputy Count}' Treasurer. 
Friedland, John, laborer. 
Fuller, D., traveling agent. 
/^ AFNY, JOHN, fruit wagon. 

Gannon, Thomas, saloon. 

Gebhart, Isaac, physician. 

Gifford, C. 

GII.CHRIST, J. M., of the firm of 
of B. F. Frederick & Co. ; born in Sar- 
atoga Co., N. Y., Sept. 15, 1836 ; after 
his father's death, he had charge of the 
farm, until 22 years of age; then went 
to Wisconsin and taught school, and 
was engaged in engineer corps in Min- 
nesota ; went to Chicago and engaged in 
the wholesale grocery trade for some 
years, and afterward became member of 
the firm of McKindly, Gilchrist & Co. ; 
came to this city in 1874, and associ- 
ated with Mr. Frederick in his present 
business. He is Secretary of the North- 
western Iron Fence Co. Married Miss 
Ida S. White, from New York, Jan. 19, 
1876 ; they have one daughter — Jennie 
Gilchrist. 

Gillespie, N., farmer. 

GII.MAN, CHARL.es C, Chief 
Engineer of the Central R. R. of Iowa ; 
was born in Chelsea, Mass., July 28, 
1848 ; he received his education there ; 
entered the Massachusetts Institute of 
Technology, at Boston, and is a grad- 
uate from that institution ; he came to 
Iowa in 1868, and for the past seven 
years has held the position of Chief En- 
gineer of the Central R. R. of Iowa. 
He married Miss Lorette Eastman, 
daughter of Gov. Eastman, in Decem- 
ber, 1872 ; they have two children — 
Carrie and Walter. 

Ginder, G. W., grocer. 

Ci^lNGRICH, E., miller, Woodbury 
Mills ; born in Pennsylvania Oct. 24, 
1825; lived in Pennsylvania twenty- ontt 
years, then went to Ohio, and came to 
Iowa in 1856, and came to Marshall Co. 
in 1859 ; has lived here nineteen years, 
and has been engaged in farming and 
the milling business. Married Mary 
Matthews, from Maryland, in 1S48; 
they have five children — Ann Eliza, 



MARSHALLTOWN AND LINN TOWNSHIP. 



55T 



Rhoda A., Alice S., Emma B. and 
Ulysses G. 

OlilCK, GEORGE, President of 
the First National Bank ; born in Ger- 
many March 18, 1827 ; came to Amer- 
ica, located in Mansfield, Ohio, and 
lived there until 1849 ; removed to In- 
diana, and in the Spring of 1850, went 
across the plains to California ; was there 
five years, and returned to Ohio in 1855, 
and came to Marshalltown, Iowa, in 
1856; engaged in the dry goods and 
grocery trade with Mr. Ri<e, one of the 
founders of the town ; in 1858, he en- 
gaged in the drug business, and con- 
tinued until 1870, when he engaged in 
the banking business ; has been Director 
of the First National Bank since 
it was oroanized in 1864, and has 
been President for the past five years. 
Has held the office of Postmaster and 
town offices. Married Miss Jane Ziegen- 
felder, from Pickaway, Ohio, Novem- 
ber 1, 1855; they have five chil- 
dren — Charles, Alice, Albert G., Frank 
and Fred. 

Goff, S. D., carriage trimmer. 

Goodrich, William, farmer. 

Goss, George, sexton. 

Gourley, Jas., farmer. Timber Creek. 

Gowland, Frank, carpenter. 

Greene, Merritt, agent Plow Works. 

Gregory, Thaddeus, R. R. conductor. 

Griffith, H., retired. 

GRIXXEEL, JOHN, farmer and 
gardener; born in Columbia Co., N. Y., 
Jan. 8, 1815 ; he lived in New York 
State and Massachusetts until 1836 ; in 
1837, he came to Chicago, when it was 
in its infancy ; then he came to Lyons, 
Iowa ; he made a claim on each side of 
the river ; Clinton was called New York 
then ; only three shanties there ; in the 
Fall of 1859, he went to Detroit, and 
was in the shoe and leather business 
there ten years ; in 1869, he came West 
again, and has been engaged in contract- 
ing on railroads and farming ; he came 
here in 1877, and engaged in farming 
and gardening. He is a member of the 
State Board of Agriculture, and also is 
Vice President of the State Agricultural 
Society, and has held town and school 
offices. He married Caroline Hulbert, 
from Schenectady, N. Y., in 1842; she 
died in Jan. 1872 ; they have one son 



— John T.; lost one son — George, and 
one daughter — Mary. 

Griswold, F. H., shoemaker. 

Groff, F. M., packs butter and eggs. 

GRUMME, ERED, firm of Grum- 
me Bros., dealers in leather and saddlery 
hardware ; born in Germany Oct. 19. 
1839; came to America in 1855 ; came 
to Galena, 111., and learned his business 
of his brother there ; after living in 
Kansas and Nebraska, came to Marshall- 
town in 1860 ; worked for E. A. Collin.s 
here ; then engaged in business, firm of 
Murphy & Grumme ; afterward, Wil- 
lard & Grumme ; in 1869, he and his 
brother William engaged in the business 
together. He married Mary Lind.strum. 
from Sweden, in 1866. 

Gustafson, Fred, laborer. 
"AYLE, E. R., former. 



H 



Haines, J. R., shoemaker. 

Hall, Arthur, carpenter. 

Hall, A. T., far., S. 30. 

Hall, James, butter and eggs. 

Halsted, G. W., laborer. 

HAMBEE, JAMES W., retired 
farmer ; born in Columbiana Co., Ohio, 
Nov. 17. 1820 ; he lived there twenty- 
five years, and moved to Michigan : 
he came to Iowa with his own team, 
and reached Iowa City Jan. 1, 1856, 
the day the railroad first reached there ; 
he came to this county in 1856, and lo- 
cated here in Mai'shalltown, and engaged 
in the grocery trade ; continued in bu>i- 
ness for fourteen years, and used to haul 
his goods from Iowa City here for nine 
years ; he owns one farm of 330 acres, 
and one of sixty acres. Mari'ied Miss 
Lucelia Cole, from Cleveland, Ohio. 
July 1, 1858 ; they have three children 
— Ella, Cora and Bessie, and have lost 
one son — Harry. 

H ANNA, T. B., retired ; born in Co- 
lumbiana Co., Ohio, May 22, 1818; he 
was engaged in the mercantile business 

/ at New Lisbon for some years, and in 
in 1850, he went to Lake Superior, and 
was in the trade there for three years, 
when he returned to New Lisbon, Ohio, 
and was engaged in the mercantile busi- 
ness there until 1865, when he came to 
Iowa, to Marshalltown bought a farm 
and engaged in stock business for a few 
years ; he removed here in the city, but 



558 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



still owns the undivided half of a farm 
of -iOO acres. He has held town and 
school offices. Married Sophia T. Tabor, 
from Vermont, March 2, 18-1:2 ; they 
have two children — Mrs. Nettie Adams, 
Cedar Rapids, and Mary, at home ; they 
have lost one daughter — Lovina, and 
two sons — Oscar and William. 

Hanson, Charles A., laborer. 

Hanson, Charles, laborer. 

Hanson, Nels P., blacksmith. 

Haradon, A. F., attorney. 

Hardy, T. H., harness and saddles. 

Hargrave, R. W., attorney. 

Harrington, L. P. 

Harris, B., foundryman. y 

Harris, C. W., employ Central R. R. 

Hartman, G. A., Street Commissioner. 

HARTWEL.L, H. D., former and 
stock raiser. Sec. 34 ; born in Canada 
Aug. 11, 1813; at a very early age, his 
parents removed to Huron Co., Ohio, 
where he lived until the Fall of 1854, 
when he came to Iowa, and located in 
this county upon the same farm where 
he now resides. He has been married 
twice ; his first wife was Miss Sarah 
Rogers ; they were married February 
26,^1837, and she died Oct. 31, 1841 ; 
his present wife was Miss Elizabeth 
Rogers; they were married in Erie Co., 
Ohio, Dec. 25, 1843 ; she was born Oct. 
23, 1825 ; the names of the children 
are Sarah E., born July 16, 1838; 
Henry E., May 21, 1840, he died Nov. 
8, 1861; Horace R., Sept. 19, 1844, 
died Jan. 11, 1871 ; Louisa M., March 
23, 1847, died Aug. 3, 1850; Calvin, 
Dec. 17, 1849; Mary E., March 24, 
1852; Melvina, Oct. 25, 1854; John 
L., April 2, 1857; Martha E., Nov. 2, 
1859, and died May 14, 1862. Henry 
E. enlisted in the 8th Regiment Iowa 
V. I., and died in the service at Spring- 
field, Mo. Mr. Hartwell is one of the 
old settlers here ; he owns a farm of 300 
acres, and is a stanch Republican, and 
has held various offices of trust in this 
town and county. 

Hartwell, O. E., teamster. 

HAiSKELL, JAMES S., livery 
stable; bi)rn in Rome, New York, Feb. 
13, 1848 ; lived in that State twcnty-one 
years, and came to Boone, Iowa, and was 
engaged in the livery business there 
eight years, and in buying and selling 



horses ; came to Marshalltown in Spring 
of 1877. Married Miss Delia C. Waldo, 
from Bridgewater, N. Y., in September, 
1872. His grandfather was one of t^he 
founders of Madison University, at 
Hamilton, N. Y., and his father was 
Professor in the same institution. 

Havens, John, laborer. 

Havilaud, M. H., insurance agent. 

Hayne, John, retired farmer. 

Haynes, J., shoemaker. 

Headstrum, John, teamster. 

Heald, Chester, retired. 

HEALD, EDMUND, firm of Drum 
& Heald, dealers in groceries and pro- 
visions ; born in La Porte Co., Ind., 
Jan. 28, 1843 ; he lived in Indiana 
until 13 years of age, and came with his 
parents in their own wagons to Iowa ; 
they were eighteen days on the way, 
and arrived here in Marshalltown 
August 17, 1855 ; they were early set- 
tlers, and there was but little here when 
they came. Associated with Charles 
Drum ; he engaged in his present busi- 
ness in October, 1877. He was in the 
army; enlisted in the 100-day service, 
in the 44th Regt. Iowa V. I., Co. Gr. 
He married Miss Ladrona Stone, from 
Canada, in January, 1870 ; they have 
two childrn — Clarence and little boy not 
named. 

Healon, Matthew, on railroad. 

Healon, Matthew, Jr., foreman. 

Hearn, J. H., carpenter. 

HEATH, J. D., contractor and 
builder ; President Iowa Building and 
Manufacturing Co. ; born in Lower 
Canada July 25, 1838 ; lived there 
twenty-seven years, and then came to 
Iowa in 1865, and since then has been 
engaged in contracting and building 
here. Was in the army ; enlisted in 
Co. H, 10th Wis. V. I. ; was in battles 
of Perrysville, Bridgeport, Stevenson, 
Ala. ; was in service two years. Mar- 
ried Sarah A. Rhem, from Canada, 
in 1864 ; they have five children — J. 
Alton, Lyman H., Ada, Ida and Minnie. 

Heiuhton, J. H., painter. 

HEMMIXGSEN, JOHX P., 

wagon maker ; born in Denmark Feb. 
2, 1841 ; learned his trade there and 
came to America in 1866 ; came to 
Moline, 111., and came to Marshalltown, 
in 1867, and engaged in his business. 



MARSHALLTOWN AND LINN TOWNSHIP. 



559 



Married Mary Rasmussen, from Den- 
mark, in April, 1870 ; they have one 
daughter ; born June, 30, 1871 ; lost 
one daughter — Emma, born April 15, 
1875, and died Dec. 9, 1877. 

attorney at law : firm of Henderson & 
Merriam ; born in Brownsville, Tenn., 
Dec. 6, 1827 ; lived there until 8 years 
of age, and removed to Illinois in 1836, 
and lived there nine years ; and re- 
moved to Iowa City ; he lived in John- 
son and Linn Counties three years ; 
Was appointed Clerk in the First Audit- 
or's Office of the Treasury Department ; 
while there, he studied law and was 
admitted to the bar in August, 1852 ; 
in 1853, he entered the practice of his 
profession in partnership with Hon. G. 
W. Pleasant, now Judge of the Circuit 
Court; in Sept., 1856, he came to 
Marshalltown, and has practiced his pro- 
fession here since, except two years 
when he was editor and proprietor of 
the Marshall County Times, [n 1863, 
he was elected to the State Senate, and 
held that office four years; in 1864, he 
was Presidential Elector, and cast one- 
eighth of the vote of the State for Lin- 
coln and Johnson. He married Miss 
lanthe Fuller, of Stark Co., 111., June 12, 
1850 ; they have six sons and three 
daughters ; lost two children. 

Henly, A., coal, lime and cement. 

Herbert, E. H.. clerk court house. 

Herbert, John, Saloon. 

HICKOX, GEORGE S., Sheriff 
of Marshall Co. ; born in Branch Co., 
Mich., Feb. 28, 18-10 ; lived there four- 
teen years, and came to Iowa with his 
parents in an ox team ; they were seven 
weeks and three days on the way, and 
arrived here in this county in Marion 
Township in 1854; they were among 
the early settlers and engaged in farm- 
ing. Was in the army ; enlisted in the 
13th I. y. I., Co. H. He was elected 
Sheriff of Marshall Co. in 1875, and 
was re-elected in 1877. Married Miss 
Fannie Harris, from Pittsburgh, Penn., 
Aug. 3, 1862 ; they have four chil- 
children — Hattie, Herbert H., Alma 
and Fanny. 

Hitchcock, David, railroad employe. 

HixoD, 0. F., physician. 

Hodgins, W. S., carpenter, C. R. R. 



Hoeck, Henry, grain buyer. 

Hokason, John, laborer. 

Holindale, Charles, commission merchant. 

HOEHES, JOSEPH, manufact- 
urer of vinegar ; was born in Columbi- 
ana (^0., Ohio, April 9, 1836, and lived 
there until 17 years of age ; then came 
with his parents with their own convey- 
ance to Marshall Co., and arrived here 
Nov. 15, 1853. He married Miss 
Mary R. Arnold July 30, 1862 ; she 
was from Chautauqua Co., N.Y., and is a 
sister of the Hon. Delos Arnold. Mr. 
I Holmes was engaged in mercantile bus- 
' iness in Marietta, and afterward was 
in mercantile business in this city. Held 
the office of Postmaster at Marietta 
under President Lincoln's administra- 
tion ; has held the office of Township 
Treasurer and other town offices. Had 
two children — Hattie and Andrew ; 
Hattie died in infancy, and Andrew was 
10 years old at the time of his death. 

HOEiflES, EOT, retired farmer, 
born in Loudon Co., Va., in 1806, and 
lived in that State until 1833, and 
came to Columbiana Co., Ohio, and en- 
gaged in the mercantile business ; in 
1853, with his family, started for Iowa, 
with two wagons and a carriage, and 
was five weeks on the way, and arrived 
in Marshall Co., Nov. 15, 1853, and 
located in Marietta and engaged in 
farming, being early settlers. He has 
carted wheat to Iowa City and Musca- 
tine, and has sold wheat at 40 cents per 
bushel. He continued farming until 
1864, and since then has made his home 
in Marietta and in this city. Mr. 
Holmes has always been prominently in- 
terested in the anti-slavery cause and at 
a time when it cost something to live up 
to his convictions. Married Mrs. Eliza 
Dixon Jan. 14, 1841 ; she was born 
May 26, 1816, and was a daughter of 
John, and granddaughter of Joshua 
Dixon, founders of Columbiana Co., 
Ohio. 

Hollingshiad, F. R., retired. 

HOET, E. E. B., physician ; born in 
Lowell, Mass., Oct. Id, 1833, receiving 
his education in that State ; removed to 
Whiteside Co., 111., and studied medi- 
cine of his father, and graduated at 
Cleveland, Ohio, in 1853 ; practiced his 
profession in Illinois, and also in Texas. 



560 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



Entered the army in Illinois, and, was 
Assistant Adjutant General of the 34th 
Regiment, and also in the 140th Regt. 
111. V. I. ; was in the service three years 
and three months. After his return 
from the army, came to MarshuUtown, 
and since then, has practiced his pro- 
fession here. Holds the ofl&ce of Coroner 
of this county. Has held the offices of 
Secretary and Treasurer, and also Presi- 
dent, of the State Medical Society. Is 
now Adjutant of the 1st Regt. Iowa 
State Guards. Married Miss Nettie M. 
Ballow, from New York, in 1854 ; they 
have one son — Claude L. 

Hopkins, F., tailor. 

Harrigan, Peter, employe C. R. R. 

Howe, Heman, retired. 

HOWE, HENRY J., Secretary 
and Treasurer of the Le Grand Quarry 
Co. ; was born in Northfield, Washing- 
ton Co., Vt., Jan. 2, 1848 ; he received 
his education at what is now known as 
Norwich University, and lived in Ver- 
mont until 1869, when he came to Iowa, 
and was connected with the Clinton Na- 
tional Bank ; he came to Marshalltown 
in 1873. He has the financial manage- 
ment of the Company ; they also do an 
extensive loan business. He is Secre- 
tary of the Le Grand Water Power Co., 
and is Director of the Marshalltown & 
Sioux City R. R. He married Miss 
Anna L. Belknap, daughter of Lorenzo 
Belknap, of Northfield, Vt., May 31, 
1876. 

HOWES, J. C, proprietor of 
Howe's Vitapathic Institute ; born in 
Somerset Co., Me., July 10, 1840, and 
received his education in that State ; 
prepared himself for a physician; he 
came to Iowa in 1863, and came to 
Marshalltown in 1871 ;hepassed through 
College, the Vitapathic S3'stem, at Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio ; he established his Insti- 
tute here in 1874, and it is the only one 
in this State. He belongs to the Re- 
incorporation of the Vitapathic School 
of Cincinnati, Ohio, and is one of the 
four members of the School Vitapathic 
American Health College ; one of the 
members promoted to the ministry of 
the Religio-Philosophical 3Iedical Col- 
lege. Married Sophia Rickel, from El- 
dora, Iowa, in April, 1878. 

Hoyt, Amasa, employe C. R. R. 



Hublar, Isaac, laborer. 

Hubler, Jacob, laborer. 

HrGHES, JOHN B., retired farm- 
er; born in Bourbon Co., Ky., Dec. 16, 
1826, and came with his parents to 
Tazewell Co., 111., when 4 years of age; 
was raised on a farm, and came alone on 
horseback to Iowa ; came to Van Buren 
Co. in the Spring of 1852, and came to 
Marshall Co. in the Summer of 1852 ; lo- 
cated 200 acres of land with land warrant, 
he bought at 90c. per acre ; he then went 
to Van Buren Co. after his wife, and 
moved in a log house with two other 
families ; three families lived in one 
room, which they used for a parlor, bed- 
room and kitchen, and they always had 
room for their friends ; they were among 
the earliest settlers there ; the first crop 
of wheat he raised he took to Oskaloosa, 
65 miles, to mill. Mr. Hughes has lived 
here over twenty -five years, and has cul- 
tivated the soil over twenty-five years, 
and has never had the failure of a crop, 
but he has had enough for feed and 
seed ; when he came, he only had 6200 
and a team, and now, by industry and 
good management, he owns over 1,000 
acres of land. He has held the offices 
of Justice of the Peace and County Sui'- 
veyor and other town and school offices. 
Married Martha J. Reed, from Guernsey 
Co., Ohio, in December, 1851 ; they have 
six children — Walter S. is in the navy^ 
graduated June 21, 1875 ; Mrs. Lizzie 
Burnside, Mrs. Laura Smith, John, 
Charles and Adella. 

Hull, Samuel, carpenter. 

"TNGLEDUE, J. L., farmer, S. 28. 

TACKSON, HANS, laborer. 

Janney, A., clerk. 

JARYIS, BENJAMIN, photo 
graph artist ; born in England Oct. 1, 
1835; came to America about Jan. 1, 
1855 ; he lived in Germantown, Phila- 
delphia, and came to Iowa in 1857, and 
was engaged in building. He was in 
the army ; enlisted in the 5th I. V. I., 
Co. D, under Capt. Rice ; he was in the 
battles of luka, Champion Hills, in the 
siege of Vicksburg and taking of Jack- 
son ; was wounded at the battle of Cham- 
pion Hills. He has been engaged in his 
present business four years and a half. 



MARSHALLTOWN AND L^^N TOWNSHIP. 



Ot)l 



He married Miss Ida L. Bishop, from 
Illinois, in 1864 ; they have three chil- 
dren — Lucius E., Blanche A. and Grace 
B. 

Johnson, Christ, laborer. 

Johnson, Charles, laborer. 

Johnson, George, laborer. 

Johnson, Hans, laborer. 

Johnson, Isaac, far.. Sec. 30. 

Johnson, J. P., painter. 

Johnson, John, painter. 

Johnson, John B., painter. 

Johnson, Lewis, clerk. 

Johnson, Nels, tailor. 

Johnson, Simon, laborer. 

Johnson, William, blacksmith. 

Johnston, J. H., laborer. 

JOHXSTO^, JOSEPH H., firm 
of Ketchum & Johnston, dealers in agri- 
cultural implements and farm machinery ; 
born in Warren Co., N. J., Oct 16, 
1839 ; when 13 years of age, removed 
to Rock Island Co., 111.; was in the 
army. Enlisted in Co. G, 126th 111. V. 
I.; was in the siege of Vicksburg, tak- 
ing of Little Rock, and on the White 
Rivet Expedition after Price; in the serv- 
ice three years and never got a scratch. 
Came to Iowa in 1865 ; engaged in the 
grocery business, and was burned out ; 
he engaged in the agricultural implement 
business, and afterward became associ- 
ated with Mr. Ketchum, his present 
partner. Was Foreman of the Alert 
Hose Co. until the water works were built. 
Married Miss Libbie C. Gilbert, from 
Princeton, 111., Oct. 31, 1865. 

Johnston, L. F., Court House. 

JOHXJ^TON, THEO., Assistant 
Postmaster ; born in Cumberland Co., 
Penn., Sept. 1, 1844 ; when 10 years of 
age, he came with his parents to Iowa ; 
in 1854, lived in Iowa City one year, 
and came to Marshalltown in 1855 ; is 
one of the early settlers ; only few peo- 
ple and few houses here then. He was 
" appointed Assistant Postmaster in 1 864 ; 
since then, with the exception of six 
months during Andrew Johnson's ad- 
ministration, he has held that position. 
He married Miss Martha Jones, from 
Ohio, Oct. 14, 1871 ; they have one 
daughter — rMay. 

Jondro, Francis, carpenter. 

JOXKS, E. K., Clerk of Courts of 
Marshall County ; born in Summit Co., 



Ohio, Oct. 29, 1837, lived in Ohio nine 
years, then removed to the State of 
Wisconsin, and lived there four years, 
then went to Boston and attended school 
for three years, and afterward engaged 
in mercantile business for seven years ; 
came to Wisconsin and lived there four 
years, and came to Marshall County in 
1865 ; engaged in farming for eight 
years. Was elected Clerk of the Courts 
in 1873 and was re-elected in 1874, and 
again re-elected in 1876; he has held 
town and school offices. Married Miss 
Louise Bear, from Rock Co., Wis., in 
January, 1864 ; they have three children 
— Anna M., Theresa P. and Edwin 
Lawrence. 

Jones, H. C, baggageman C. & N. W. Ry. 

Jones, J. D. real estate. 

Jones, Job, mason. 

Jones, Samuel, tailor. 

Jordon, Michael, blacksmith, 

rZ"ATELL, DANIEL, laborer. 

KArFlIANlV, F. S., merchant; 
dealer in hats, caps and gents' furnishing 
goods, 121 West Main street; born in 
Lancaster Co., Pa., in 1845, and at an 
early age removed with his parents to 
Sterling, Whiteside Co., 111., and lived 
there twenty-five years and came to 
Marshalltown in 1874, and since then 
he has been en-: aged in business here. 
Married Miss Fianna Burkholder, from 
Sterling, Whiteside Co., 111., they have 
one son — Branch L. 

Kavanaugh, M. L., employe R. R. 

KeiiF, ^lichael, employe Central R. R. 

KEI3I, P. K., Agent American and 
U. S. Express Companies ; born in 
Reading, Pa., May 23, 1850; lived in 
Pennsylvania until 5 years of age, and 
came to Iowa, then returned to Reading, 
Pa., until 1861, when he again came to 
Iowa, and lived in Cedar Rapids and 
Clinton ; was express messenger on the 
C. & N. W. R. R. ; in 1877, he was 
appointed to his present position. Mar- 
ried Miss Lilly Seymour, from Fairfield, 
Ohio, Sept. 19, 1876. 

Keinsing, Augustus, teamster. 

Keltz, Peter, laborer. 

Kemjiline, C. M., foreman Oil Mill. 

Kennedy, James, Jr., grocer. 

KETCH LM, X. S., firm of Ketchum 
& Johnston, dealers in agricultural im- 



562 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



plements and farming machinery ; born 
in Warren Co., N. J., June 25, 1839; 
when 13 years of age, removed to Rock 
Island Co., III.; arrived there June 19, 
1852; they came by wagon; he came 
to Marshalltown in Jan., 1862; he en- 
gaged in the agricultural implement bus- 
iness ; was associated with E. Gr. Sleight ; 
afterward, Mr. Johnston, his present 
partner, became associated with him. 
He is the oldest man in the business in 
this county, and they do a very large 
and extensive business. Married Miss 
Helen Peoples, from Scott Co., Iowa, 
Oct. 10, 1860; they have two children 
— Edwin S. and Helen. 

Kierulif, B. F., surgeon. 

KierulflF, I. N., attorney. 

Kilbourn, L. S., insurance and real estate. 

Kime, George, W., rendering. 

Kimes, J. C, blacksmith. 

Knepper, Germanus, dentist. 

KBf EPPER, GERMANUS, sur 

geon dentist; born in Somer.-^et Co., 
Penn., July 30, 1838; when 7 years of 
age, removed to Maryland, and then to 
Virginia ; came to Dixon, 111., in 1860, 
and studied dentistry ; he came to Mar- 
shalltown in 1866, and engaged in the 
practice of his profession, and is the 
oldest dentist in his practice here. He 
was in the army ; enlisted in Co. H, 69th 
111. V. I., three-months service; then 
went in Battery F, light artillery ; was 
in the battles of Resaca, Dallas and in 
front of Atlanta, Sept. 22 and 28, and 
at Lovejoy and other places; was 
wounded at New Hope Church, Georgia. 
Married Miss Jennie E. Hamaker, from 
Lancaster Co., Penn., in Oct., 1872 ; 
they have one daughter — Jessie. 
KREUTZER, PETER, firm of 
Kreutzer cV Wassem, furniture manu- 
facturers ; born in Germany Aug. 31, 
1835, and learned his trade there ; came 
to America in 1852, and lived in New 
York City for three years ; then returned 
to Germany ; came again to this country 
in 1856; came to Iowa the same year, 
and arrived here in Marshalltown the 
day James Buchanan was elected Presi- 
dent ; there were only seventeen houses 
here at that time ; he was one of the 
earliest settlers ; worked at the carpen- 
ter's trade, and afterward engaged in the 
furniture business. He only had SI 80 



when he came, and now they do a large 
business, employing twenty-six men and 
ship their goods through this State and 
M innesota. Married Margaret Wassem , 
from Germany, in Marshalltown, in 
Aug., 1858 ; they have eight children 
— Charlie, Mary, Emma, Carrie, Nellie, 
Freddie, Bertha and Bessie ; lost one 
daughter — Katie. 

Kroger, George, abstract maker. 

Kunkle, E., engineer. 

T ACEY, S., grocer. 

LAHYll, JAMES, retired farmer; 
born in Jeiferson Co., N. Y., July 14, 
1822 ; lived in York State for twenty- 
two years, then removed to Michigan, 
and engaged in farming. He married 
Miss Amanda L. Hickox Dec. 27, 
1847 ; she was born in Ohio and raised 
in Michigan ; in 1852, they started for 
Iowa ; his neighbor had a team and he 
had a wagon, and so they started, driv- 
ing cattle, and was three weeks and three 
days on the way, and arrived in this 
county July 3, 1852, and they only had 
$2 in money left ; located in Marion Tp. ; 
they moved into a cabin without any 
roof, floor, door or window ; they were 
among the earliest settlers there ; he 
made a claim of 240 acres ; they only 
had 200 pounds of flour the first year 
they came, but had venison and corn 
meal ; his wife cooked outdoors entirely 
until October, the first year, and afterward 
taught a little school. He split 5,000 
rails and 1,000 stakes, and carted them, 
for a yoke of steers ; he used to cart 
grain to Iowa City, and has sold wheat 
at forty-five cents per bushel ; he still 
owns a farm of 105 acres. They have 
three children — Stephen, Edward and 
Mrs. Ella Watt ; they lost one daughter 
— Hansi. 

Lander, Charles J., druiru'ist. 

LANG, JAMES, DR., physician; 
bora in Caledonia Co., Vt., July 15, 
1831 ; received his education there, and 
studied medicine ; attended lectures in 
Vermont and in the city of New York, 
and graduated at the College of Physi- 
cians and Surgeons, in 1854 ; practiced 
medicine in Vermont until 1864, then 
came lo Marshalltown, and has practiced 
his profession here for fourteen years. 
Holds the office of Examining Surtteon 



MARSHALLTOWN AND LINN TOWNSHIP. 



363 



for Pensions, and has been President of 
Marshall Co. jNIedical Association. Mar- 
ried Miss Lizzie B. Bovee, from Peach- 
am, Vt., in 1855 ; they have three chil- 
dren, one of them adopted — Carrie J., 
Fred S. and J. Elton ; they have lost 
four children. 

Larson, John, laboi'er. 

Larson, John, janitor public school. 

Larson, Nels, teamster. 

LaugliHn, Francis, employe C. R. R. 

Lawler, W. T., employe C. R. R. 

Lawrence, M. D., carriage maker. 

Leach, J. A., house movtr. 

Lee, Elias, merchant. 

Lee, Frank C, laborer. 

Lee, J. D., carpenter. 

Lee, James H., carpenter. 

LEMERT, E. L, attorney, firm of 
Sears & Lemert ; born in Licking Co., 
Ohio, Sept. 22, 1845, and received his 
education at Hiram College, Portage 
Co., Ohio ; attended the law department 
of Michigan University, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar here in 1876; since 
then, he has practiced his profession 
here. He was in the army ; enlisted in 
the 42d Ohio V. I., Co. A, under Gen. 
Garfield ; was wounded at the battle of 
Champion Hills, and taken prisoner ; he 
was in eleven battles. Married Miss 
Ellen Van Voorhis, from Knox Co., 
Ohio, in 1870 ; they have three children 
— Beverly, Paul and Townsend. 

LETTS, FRANK C, firm of Jor- 
dan & Letts, dealer in dry goods, car- 
pets, boots and shoes ; born in Magnolia, 
Putnam Co., 111., April 28, 1855 ; when 
5 years of age, he removed to Musca- 
tine, Iowa ; he received his education in 
Illinois, and in Dayton, Ohio ; after 
leaving school, he entered a store at Af- 
ton, and then went to Chicago, and was 
with Field, Leiter & Co., and was after- 
ward with A. T. Stewart & Co.; in Aug., 
1877, he associated himself with Mr. 
Jordan, of Ottumwa, and engaged in 
their present business in this city ; 
Mr. Lett, is having the management of 
the business here. 

Lindsay, A. M., mason. 

Lindsay, R. C., mason. 

Lindstett, John, mason. 

Lingren, Peter, laborer. 

Long, J. S., carpenter. 

Long, William, carpenter. 



Loree, A. M., hardware. 

Loveland, S. L., .soa]> niaiuifi^cturers. 

LUCAS, XATHAXIEL, retired; 
loans money ; born in Bennington Co., 
Vt., near the old battle ground, March 
25, 1799 ; when Id years of age, he re- 
moved to the northern part of the State 
of New York ; at that time it was a very 
wild part of the country»; after living 
there five years, he returned to Vermont 
and learned the trade of wagon maker, 
and worked at his trade thirteen years ; 
in 1821, he went to New York State 
again, and engaged in the wagon -making 
business ; in 184U, he moved to Erie 
Co., New York ; he moved to Marshall- 
town in 1869, and since then has been 
engaged in loaning money here ; when 
he commenced in life, he had nothing, 
and only got $30 a year, and only went 
to school a very short time, and after- 
ward supported his father and mother, 
refusing aid and help when oiFered to 
him by his uncle. He was married 
twice. He married Miss Sarah Watson 
at Easton, Washington Co., Sept. 24, 
1822; she died April 28, 1873. He 
married Sarah R. Speers, from Pennsyl- 
vania, June 7, 1875. Mr. Lucas' 
father lost all his property in the revo- 
lutionary war ; he was a minute man. 

Lundstrum, Gus., laborer. 

Lundstrum, J. P., mason. 

Lynch, E. B., nisht watchman, C R. R 

MC CLURE^ C. W., employe of Cen- 
tral R. R. 

McBRIDE, W. S., DR., of the 
firm of McBride & Will, druggists; 
born in Richland Co., Ohio, Dec. 12, 
1822 ; he lived in Ohio till 14 years old, 
and then removed to Indiana; he 
studied medicine and graduated at the 
Indiana Medical College ; commenced 
practicing medicine in 1847 ; came to 
Iowa, in 1853, and located at Mt. 
Vernon, Linn County ; also prac- 
ticed his profession in Jefferson, 
'^ Greene Co., and was the only physician 
in that county during the war ; came to 
Marsballtown in 1870, and associated 
with his present partner, George Will. 
Married Miss Mary Chambcrlin from 
Allentown, N. J., in 1847 ; they have 
three daughters — Ella, Clara and Maria ; 
have lost three children. 

McCoUum, J. W. 



564 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



McCOMBS, JAMES, of the firm 
of McCombs & Stone, livery, sale and 
boarding stable; born in Belmont Co., 
Ohio, Feb. 14, 1836; lived in Ohio 
until 1862, when he came to Iowa to 
Marshall Co., and engaged in farming 
four years ; came here in the city in 
1866 ; has been engaged in the livery 
business since 1870. He married Miss 
Sarah Sharp, from Harrison Co., Ohio, 
April 5, 1858 ; they have four children 
—William Sharp, Sallie M., Charles J. 
and Harry F., and have lost one son 
and one daughter. 

McCord, G. B., clerk. 

McElroy, T. D., traveling agent. 

McGowan, Charles, foreman R. R. 

McGowan, James, employe R. R. 

McGuire, John, laborer. 

McKnitt, A. H., selling notions. 

McKnight, D., laborer. 

McLarman, 0. H., teamster. 

McKnight, Martin, employe R. R. 

McLeran, S. R. 

McManus, Samuel, employe Central R. R. 

McMillen, E. C, Warden Iowa State 
Prison. 

McMillan. Enos, farmer, Sec. 33. 

Marcey, S., plasterer. 

Males, Samuel, herding cattle. 

Mallory, Ward, boarding house. 

MAXI.Y, JOHX C, General 
Freight Agent of the Central R. R. of 
Iowa ; born in Schenectady, N. Y., May 
15, 1846; he removed to Buffalo, and 
then to Chicago at an early age ; he went 
to California across the plains, and was 
five months and ten days on the way ; 
he was telegraph operator ; he went to 
New Mexico and Arizona ; after his re- 
turn he was with the C. & N. W. R. R. 
at Clinton ; was night Train Dispatcher 
there. He was in the army as telegraph 
operator, with Gen. Hurlbut and at the 
headquarters of Gen. Beach ; after the 
war, he was head clerk in the South 
Branch ofiices of the C. & N. W. R. R. 
from 1865 to 1871 ; he has been con- 
nected with the Central R. R. of Iowa 
since 1871 , and has occupied his present 
position of General Freight Agent since 
April, 1876. He married Miss Mary 
Carter, from Windsor, Vt., Oct. 10, 
1876; they have one son — Carter 
Manly. 

Marhel, Herman, mason. 



Marshall, T. F., shoemaker. 

Masters, 0. M., wagon maker. 

Mahews, J. R., Oriental Hotel. 

Matthews, William, miller. 

Matson, Nels, laborer. 

Matter, Henry, mason. 

Mead, A. B., railroad conductor. 

Meeker, J. F., attorney. 

MERRIIIAN, H. L., attorney, 
firm of Henderson & INIerriman ; born in 
Peoria, 111., June 12, 1843 ; he lived in 
Illinois until 19 years of age, and then 
went to Syracuse, N. Y., and studied 
his profession there, and completed his 
studies at Ann Arbor, and was admitted 
to the bar at Ottawa, 111.; was associated 
with his uncle for several years in Wash- 
ington, D. C; came to Marshalltown in 
1869, and associated with Henry C. 
Henderson, in the practice of his profes- 
sion. Has held the office of United 
States Commissioner. Married Miss 
Laura E. Cowles, from the State of New 
York, March 13, 1867 ; they have one 
son — Halsey C, and have lost one son 
in infancy. 

JHESSE^^GER, N. C, Recorder 
of Marshall Co.; born in Morrow Co., 
Ohio, Nov. 4, 1840 ; came to Iowa in 
1854 ; attended college at Iowa City two 
years. Enlisted in the 22d I. V. I., 
Co. I ; was First Sergeant for two years, 
then Second Lieutenant ; was afterward 
commissioned First Lieutenant, and com- 
manded his company most of the time ; 
he was in the battles of Port Gibson, 
Raymond, Champion Hills, Black River 
Bridge and in the assault on Vicksburg, 
May 22, 1863, where he was wounded ; 
was taken prisoner at Vicksburg, and 
held three months and a half; was 
with Gen. Sheridan in the battles of Win- 
chester, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek ; 
was severely wounded at the last battle 
he was in. Came to this county in 1868. 
Was elected Recorder of the count}' in 
1872 ; re-elected in 1874, and again in 
1876, and has received the nomination 
again in 1878. Married Miss S. J. 
Boyd, from West Liberty, in Oct., 
1865 ; they had two children — Harry 
and Edith. 

Mika, Louis, coal dealer. 

Miller, Charles, carpenter. 

MILIiER, CHARL.es a., fore 
man blacksmith shops, Central Railroad of 



MARSHALLTOWN AND LINN TOWNSHIP. 



565 



Iowa ; born in Windsor Co., Vt., Nov. 
22, 1845 ; learned his trade in Lebanon, 
N. H.; he came to CHnton, Iowa, in 
1866, and completed his trade there ; 
was in the employ of the C. & N. W. 
R. R. for six years, and came with this 
company in Feb., 1872. He married 
Miss Anna M. Benjamin, from Windsor 
Co., Vt., in Jan., 1870 ; they had one 
daughter ; she is not living. 

Miller, John F., farmer. 

Mitchell, Daniel, laborer, R. R. 

Moreland, Jared, fireman, R. R. 

Morgan, H. A., carpenter. 

Morgan, Hugh, prop. Central House. 

MORGAN, JOSEPH W., dealer 
in clocks, watches, jewelry and plated 
ware; born in Essex Co., N. Y., in 
1838, and at an early age moved to Ver- 
mont, and afterward went to Wisconsin 
and lived there five years. He enlisted 
in the 2d Minn. V. C, Co. L, and was 
in service thirteen months. Came to 
Marshalltown in 1865, and learned the 
jewelry business. Married Miss Helen 
Lincoln, from the State of New York, 
in 1863 ; they have five children. 

HORBII^Ii, H. li., MAJ., 

Receiver and General Superintendent, 
Central R. R., of Iowa; born in Somer- 
set Co., Me., April 4, 1836 ; he removed 
in infancy to Adams Co., 111., near 
Quincy ; he came to Iowa in 1841, and 
received his education in this State. 
Upon the breaking-out of the war, he 
enlisted in the 1st Regt. Iowa V. C, 
from Keokuk, Co. A ; he was in the 
battle of Black Water, Mo., and was in 
many skirmishes with the notorious 
guerrilla, Quantrell ; was in the battle of 
Prairie Grove, Ark., and in skirmishes 
in Northern Missouri during the Price 
raid ; was at Bayou Metre, and at the 
capture of Little Rock ; was in many 
skirmishes in Tennessee, and with Gen. 
Custer in Texas ; in 1864, he was pro- 
moted and commissioned First Lieuten- 
ant and Adjutant, and afterward was 
promoted Captain and Major by brevet ; 
he was in the service four years and nine 
months. After the war, he was Deputy 
Collector of Internal Revenue, with 
Gen. Belknap, at Keokuk ; then engaged 
in railroading in Illinois, Indiana and 
Kentucky. He held the office of Super- 
intendent of the St. Louis & Southeast- 



ern R. R., and was appointed Receiver 
of the Cairo & Vincennes R. R. He 
was appointed Receiver of the Central 
R. R. of Iowa April 15, 1878, and took 
charge of the property, and assumed the 
management of the road May 1st. He 
married Miss Clara White, from Penn- 
sylvania, Feb. 10, 1869 ; they have two 
children — Grace and Edith. 
ASH, C, Jr., machinist. 



N 



XEIDIG, A. H., publisher Marshall 
County Republican ; born in Carlisle, 
Penn., Sept. 5, 1840 ; when 10 years 
of age, came with parents to Iowa ; in 
1850, entered Western College, and 
graduated from that institution, also 
attended the Iowa City Commercial 
College and graduated from there. He 
was engaged in the drug business for 
five years, and edited the Western Ga- 
zette, and was afterward editor of the 
Cedar Rapids Daily Republican for two 
years; in 1873, he bought an interest 
in this paper and removed here. He held 
office of Chairman of the Repub- 
lican State Central Committee in 1873. 
Married Miss Lou A. Davis, from Ohio, 
in Jan., 1867 ; they have three children 
— Willie, Cora and Grace. 

Nelson, Chris., clerk. 

Nelson, N. C, restaurant. 

Nelson, Peter, laborer. 

Nestle, John E., baker and confectioner. 

Newcomb, A. H., laborer. 

NICODEllUS, p. H., maker of 
locomotive and coach springs, Central 
R. R. of Iowa; born in Carroll Co., 
Md., Jan. 31, 1834; when 5 years of 
age, he moved with his parents to Knox 
Co., Ohio, and lived there until 1856, 
and learned his trade there ; he came to 
Iowa, this county, July 16, 1856, and 
engaged in building and blacksmithing 
and was in the grocery trade. Was in 
the army; enlisted in 1861, in the 13th 
Iowa V. I., Co. H ; was in the service 
three years ; after the war, he returned 
here. For the past five years, he has 
been with the C. R. R. of Iowa, making 
locomotive and passenger coach springs. 
He married Miss H. L. Dunton. from 
Ohio, Dec. 3, 1865 ; she was daughter 
of Rev. Solomon Dunton, of this place, 
now of California; she died Jan. 1, 
1878. 



566 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



Noid, James P., laborer. 
Noid, John, carpenter. 
Nnrdstrum, H., clerk. 

WORTOX, CASSIUS M., attor- 

ney and Justice of the Peace ; born in 
Utica, N. y., July 1, 1846 ; lived there 
until 1 2 years of age ; then removed to 
Michigan and went in the army from 
there. Enlisted in the 1st Mich. V. C, 
Co. M ; was in the battle of Gettys- 
burg ; was in Custer's Brigade ; 
was taken prisoner at Brandy Station 
Oct 12, 1863, and was taken to Libby 
Prison and Belle Isle, and to Anderson- 
ville ; he suffered very much, but not as 
much as some others there ; he was a 
prisoner eighteen months. He came to 
Marshalltown in 1869, studied law and 
and has practiced his profession here 
since September, 1872. Holds ofl&ce of 
Justice of the Peace ; was elected in the 
Fall of 1874. Married Miss Lillian 
Sicard from Wisconsin in November, 
1873. 

Norton, P. 0., traveling agent. 

Norton, W. A., carpenter. 

Norris, George E.., City Marshal. 
,AKS, JOHN, butcher. 



O 



Ogle, William H., wagon maker. 

Olson, Andrew, teamster. 

Olson, Henry, shoemaker. 

Omstead, John, farmer. 

O'Neal, J. A. 

O'Neal, John, farmer. 

Osman, William C, jewelry and watches. 

"pAGE, I. D.,' bookkeeper. 

PAGE, E. E., dealer in produce, but- 
ter and eggs ; born in Charleston, Maine, 
in 1842, and lived there until 18 years 
of age. Was in the army ; enlisted in 
Co. H, 6th Maine V. I., and was in 
forty-two battles while in the service ; 
among the principal ones was Lee's 
Mills, Williamsburg, Gaines' Hills, Gol- 
den Farm, and in all the battles up the 
Peninsula and back, Antietam, Fred- 
ericksburg, Dec. 12 and 13, '62, and 
Fredericksburg May 3, 1863 ; Banks' 
Ford, Brandy Station and Gettysburg 
the 2d, 3d, and 4th, 1863; in the bat 
tie of the Wilderness May 5 and 6, 
1 864, and at Spottsylvania Court House ; 
in the last battle he was severely wounded. 
May 10, 1864 ; was also slightly 



wounded across the throat at battle of 
Fredericksburg ; was mustered out Aug. 
15, 1864 . Went to Boston in 1867. 
Was engaged in the produce business 
about four years, until 1876, and came 
to Marshalltown. Married Miss Mary 
E. Butrick, from Barre, Mass., in 1872 ; 
they had two children ; lost them both. 
Page, William C, merchant. 

PAL.MER, AliSINUS li., local 

ticket agent Central Railroad of Iowa ; 
born in Dunkirk, N. Y., Jan. 31, 1845 ; 
he came at an early age to Belvidere, 
Boone Co., 111., and attended school 
there, and has been connected with the 
C. & N. W. R. R. for twelve years, until 
1877, and since then he has occupied 
his present position with the Central R. 
R. of Iowa. He married Miss Lilly 
Harrison, of Davenport, Iowa, in Nov., 
1872 ; they have three children — 
Samuel, George and Dean. 

Palmer, John, laborer. 

Palmer, S. D., books and stationery. 

Palmer, W. H., laborer. 

Parker. J. D., engineer. 

PARKER, J. M., attorney at law ; 
born in Pickaway Co., Ohio, April 22, 
1838 ; removed to Fulton Co., 111., in 
1845 ; received his education at Hedding 
College, Abingdon, Knox Co., 111. In 
1861, he enlisted in the 66th Regiment 
111. V. I., Co. F ; was in Mt. Zion, Mo., 
and was wounded there ; was in the 
battle of Shiloh, siege of Corinth, luka, 
battle of Corinth and in the fights and 
skirmishes from Chattanooga to Atlanta, 
also at Dallas, Kenesaw and Resaca ; was 
wounded at Dallas ; was in service three 
years. Came to State Centre in 1865, 
and came to Marshalltown in the Fall of 
same year ; completed his law studies and 
was admitted to the bar in 1866, and 
since then, has practiced his profession 
here. Has held office of Mayor for 
three terms ; represented this county in 
the 17th General Assembly, and has 
held town and school offices. Married 
Miss M. J. Webster, from La Porte, 
Ind., daughter of R. H. Webster, Sept. 
22, 1868 ; they have four daughters — 
Ada L., Nellie M., Bessie and Edna. 

PARRET, DAVID, retired; bom 
in Pickaway, Ohio, Nov. 21, 1812, and 
learned the trade of cabinet and chair 
maker ; removed to Goshen, Ind. ; was 



MARSHALLTOWN AND LINN TOWNSHIP. 



56r 



engaged in the cabinet and chair mak- 
ing busincj^s, and also in mercantile 
business for four years ; came to Iowa 
with their own team and were two weeks 
on the way, and arrived May 10, 1854, 
at J. M. Ferguson's on Timber Creek, 
having entered some land there ; he came 
here to Marshalltown and was engaged 
in mercantile business for thirteen years. 
He married Miss Emeline Barton, from 
Virginia, April 24, 183t) ; they have six 
children — Warren B., Milton L., David 
0., Chauncey J., Emma B. and Arthur, 
and have lost two sons. 

Parrott, David, law agent. 

Parrott, W. B., broker. 

Patterson, A. B., retired. 

Paulin, P. M., blacksmith. 

PEAK, THOMAS T., foreman 
boiler shop. Central R. R. of Iowa ; born 
in New Castle, Eng., Feb. 5, 1833; 
learned trade of boiler maker, and emi- 
grated to America in 1867 ; came to 
Iowa, to Davenport ; he has been in 
employ of Central E. R., for past five 
years, and came here to Marshalltown in 
1876. He married Mary Kendall, from 
New Castle, Ens;., in March, 1855. 

Pegg, G. D., clerk C. & N. W. R. R. 

PEXTLAXl), WIL.I.IAM, res- 
taurant and confectionery ; born in 
Ireland June 25, 1831 ; came to Amer- 
ica in 1843, and came to Wisconsin the 
same year, to Walworth Co., and lived 
there mostly until coming here ; went 
to California in 1852, and remained 
eighteen months ; he came to Marshall- 
town in April, 1864, and engaged in 
business and has continued here since 
then. Married Harriet Peck, from Hart- 
ford Co., Conn., March 29, 1854; they 
have four children — Leonora F., Wil- 
liam W., Jennie E., Jesse M. 

Perry, M. J., mason. 

Peterson, Chas. F., engineer Central R. R. 

Peterson, George, mason. 

Peterson, John, mason. 

Peterson, Mats, mason. 

Peterson, Peter, engineer. 

Peterson, Peter, laborer. 

Phay, Elijah, plasterer. 

Phillips, A., farmer. 

Phillips, E. L., stock raiser. 

Pierce, William, carpenter. 

Pike, A. A., mason. 

Pinkerton, Asa, milk wagon. 



Pinkham, C. B., reaper agent. 
Plunkett, E., machinist. 
Pontius, E., retired. 
Powell, W. B., millwright. 
Powers, William, laborer. 
Preston, A. G., carpenter. 
Priatz, Adam, baker. 
Pruden, George A., traveling agent. 
Purcell, Thomas, teamster. 
Purington, M., railroad engineer. 
/^UIGLEY, T., mason. 

T3EBB, CHARLES, laborer. 

RAIiLIS, WILLIAM, farmer, Sec. 
31 ; born in Tennessee in 1822 ; his 
parents removed to Kentucky when 
he was a child ; and when 7 years of 
age, removed to Illinois and remained 
there until 1846, when he came to Lee 
Co., Iowa; he lived there and in Jef- 
ferson and Wapello Counties until 
1850, when he came to Marshall Co., 
and built and lived in the first dwelling 
that was erected where the city is now 
located ; he is one of the earliest settlers 
in this county that are now living, and 
endured all the hardships and pri- 
vations common to the first settlers in 
any new country. He owns a farm of 
175 acres, and is an old Jackson Demo- 
crat. He has been married twice ; his 
first wife was Susan Dinnell ; they 
were married in Indiana; she was a 
native of Tennessee. His present wife 
was Miss A. E. Fulton, of Vermont ; 
they were married in Marshalltown. 

Reed, H. A., carpenter. 

Reed, L., retired. 

Reed, T. J., drayman. 

Reed, W. L., laundryman. 

REWEY, FAYETTE, firm of 
Coburn & Rewey, carriage makers ; 
born in Chautauqua County, N. Y. 
Dec. 7, 1843 ; when 7 years old, he 
went to Wisconsin. Enlisted in the 
22d Wis. I. V. I., Co. D ; was in battle 
of Spring Hill ; was taken prisoner at 
Brentwood Station and was with Gen. 
Sherman from Chattanooga until close 
of the war. Came here in 1869, and 
since then, has been engaged in business 
here. He married Miss Lizzie A. Shirk, 
from Pennsylvania, June 7, 1873 ; they 
have one daughter — Alice G., born 
June 28, 1875. 



568 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



RHEII, HEJ^RY^ R., of the Iowa 
Building and Manufacturing Co.; born 
in Canada East, Aug. 2, 18-42 ; learned 
trade of carpenter ; came to Iowa and 
Marshalltown in 186(5, and associated 
with James D. Heath in contracting and 
building (firm of Heath & Rhem), and 
since then he has been actively engaged 
in the business. He married Miss 
Amelia A. Taylor, from Canada, in July, 
1863; they have four children — Ells- 
worth H., Anna L., Millie and Lewis, 
and have lost one daughter — Alice. 

RHOADEN, RENJAMIN O., 
auction and commission merchant ; born 
in Bloomfield, Pickaway Co., Ohio, 
March 28, 1837 ; he lived in Ohio four- 
teen years and removed to Monticello, 
111., and afterward to Champaign City ; 
he came to Marshalltown in 1866, and 
engaged in his present business ; he has 
ac<:juired an extensive reputation as an 
auctioneer and salesman, being called 
throughout his State, Minnesota, Ne- 
braska and Dakota. Has held town 
and school offices. He married Miss 
Martha A. Bailey, from Illinois, Nov. 
26, 1857: they have five children — Ella, 
Willard, Dorotha, Lizzie and Bennie. 

Rhodes, I. H., laborer. 

Rhodes, S. G., laborer. 

RICE, E. C, attorney at law ; born in 
Steuben Co., New York, Dec. 1, 1840; 
received his education and studied his 
profession and attended the University 
at Ann Arbor, Mich. He enlisted in 
the army ; was in the Hospital Corps in 
the Army of the Potomac, and was also 
connected with the secret service and 
was discharged on account of disability. 
He came to Marshalltown in Spring 
of 1865, and engaged in the practice of 
his profession ; very few men lead a 
more busy life than 3Ir. Rice. He has 
held the office of Attorney for C. & N. 
W. R. R., and is Legal Adviser of the 
Sioux City R. R., is President of the 
Holland Land Co., and is principal own- 
er of the Bank at Holland (firm of 
Henriques & Rice) ; is President and 
INIanager of the Central Iowa Silver 
Mining Co., and also Director of Legal 
Tender Mining Co. He commenced 
life without a cent, and whatever success 
he has attained is owing to his own 
efforts. Married Miss Olivia Draper, 



from Ontario Co., N. Y., in September, 
1872. 

Richardson, A. J., laborer. 

Richardson, L., boots and shoes. 

Riggles, John, lumber shover. 

Riley, B., drayman. 

Robenick, James, employe C. R. R. 

RORERT^^, H. H., merchant, deal- 
er in dry goods; born in the year 185-4, 
and lived in Chicago for eight years and 
came here to Marshalltown in 1877 
and engaged in the dry goods business 

Roberts, J. L., dentist, 

Robinson, L. G., mechanic. 

Robinson, R. F., plasterer. 

Rogers, M. L , retired. 

Rowley, Wm., employe Central R. R. 

Ruopp, Jacob, works in brewery. 

Rutan, L., painter. 

RUTHERFORD, GEORGE 

W., publisher and editor National 
Greenbach ; born in St. Clair Co., 111., 
March 29, 1838, and was brought up 
in Warren Co., and was engaged in 
wagon making business and farming ; 
came to Iowa in 1870, and edited the 
Eclectic, at Victor, Iowa ; also edited a 
paper at Marengo. Enlisted in the 
army in the 143 Regt. 111. Inf. ; he was 
First Lieutenant Co. D. He received 
the nomination for Congress on Green- 
back ticket in 1876. Came to Mar- 
shalltown in March, 1878. He mar- 
ried Sarah King, from Indiana, June 
24, 1858 ; they have four children — 
Ida, Mattie, Joseph and Susan. 
QADLER, W. D., stationery. 

Saline, C, shoemaker. 

SANFORD, COOK, publisher of 
the Marshall Statesman ; born in Berk- 
shire Co., Mass.. March 21, 1833; 
when 8 years of age, removed to Kane 
Co., 111. ; learned the printing business 
in Chicago, and came to Iowa in 1856 ; 
engaged in the mercantile business in 
Newton, Jasper Co., and also in Kansas 
for eight years ; then went to Chicago, 
and was in business there three years, 
and came to Marshalltown in 1869, and 
was in the office of the Marshall County 
Times with Chapin & Sower six years ; 
in 1876, he commenced jtublishing the 
Statesman, increasing the circulation 
from 400, when he began, to over 1,500, 
at the present time. 



MARSHALLTOWN AND LINN TOWNSHIP. 



569 



Sandford, I. J., teamster. 

SANFORD, JAMES P., COL.; 

born in Soiieea C<>., N. Y., Nov. 11, 
18o2, and lived there until 13 years of 
age, when he went to South America 
and spent four years there and in the 
West Indies and Mexico; in 1851, he 
came to New Oi'leans, La.; lived South 
until 1856, and then came to Iowa and 
entered the State University in 1858. 
Was in the army ; enlisted as private in 
the 2d Iowa V. C; was elected and 
commissioned Lieutenant and afterward 
Captain of Co. H ; in 1862, he re- 
signed, and was afterward commissioned 
Colonel of the 47th Iowa V. I ; he re- 
tired from the service in 1864, and went 
to Europe ; since then he has crossed 
the Atlantic ocean fifteen times and has 
eaten bread in every Kingdom and every 
Republic on earth, and has earned the 
title of the Great American Traveler. 
As a lecturer, he occupies a leading po- 
sition and last year delivered over 200 
lectures ; very few public speakers have 
the faculty of conveying the information 
of their travels in so pleasing a manner 
as Col." Sanford. Married Miss Callie 
Wright,- from Ft. Madison, Iowa, Oct. 
10, 1860 ; she was born in Indiana and 
removed to Iowa over thirty years ago ; 
they have one son — George Sanford, born 
July 10, 1868. Col. Sanford has one 
daughter — Martha — by a former wife. 

Satia, Albert, real estate. 

Satia, Charles, farmer. 

Schoolcraft, C. C, carpenter. 

Schram, John, employe C. R. R. 

Scully, David, patent medicine. 

Schurtz, E., clerk. 

Scott. M. W., attorney. 

SEARS, REIJBEX, DR., Presi- 
dent of the Iowa Barb Steel Wire Co.; 
born in Dracut, Mass., July 31, 1824 ; 
he received his education in Massachu- 
setts, and came to Illinois and afterward 
came to Iowa ; he studied medicine and 
graduated at Rush Medical College, 
Chicago, and has practiced medicine in 
Iowa thirty years. He built the first 
house that was built in Brooklyn, Powe- 
shiek Co. He represented Poweshiek 
Co. in the State Legislature. Came to 
Marshalltown in 1872. He was elected 
President of the Iowa Barb Steel Wire 
Co., and has largely the management of 



the business. Married Miss Cynthia 
Guild, from West Troy, N. Y., in 1846 ; 
they have four children — Reuben H, 
Cynthiaiia, Mrs. Florence M. Burnell 
and Ausrustus G. 

SEARS, REUREN E., attorn*^, 
firm of Sears cV Lemert ; born in Proph- 
etstown, Whiteside Co., 111., June 6, 
1848, and removed with his parents to 
this State when he was 2 years of age 
and received his education and graduated 
at Iowa College, at Grinnell ; then at- 
tended law school at Iowa City, and 
graduated in 1871 ; came to Marshall- 
town and has practiced his profession 
here since 1873. He is one of the princi- 
pal stockholders and is Secretary of the 
Iowa Barb Steel Wire Company. He 
married Miss Agnes Childs June 6, 
1874 ; she is from Ohio and is daugh- 
ter of John Childs, Esq., one of the 
early settlers here. They have one 
daughter — Agnes. 

Seashare, Otto, laborer. 

SEEVERS, THEO. L.., builder in 
charge of Car Depai'tment Central Rail- 
road of Iowa ; born in Clark Co., Va., 
near Winchester, March 7, 1835, and 
when 7 years of age came with his par- 
ents to Burlington, Iowa, in March, 
1843 ; they located in Mahaska Co., 
one and one-half miles south of Oska- 
loosa ; they were among the earliest 
settlers there, they having waited until 
May 1, 1843, the time appointed for 
the Indians to leave; when 17 years 
old, he went to Columbus, Ohio, and 
learned the trade of car builder. He 
was in the army in the 33d Regt. Iowa 
Inf. ; was commissioned Lieutenant Co. 
E, under Col. (afterward Gen.) 8. A. 
Rice; was in the battle of Helena, 
July 4, 1863 ; was in the service three 
years to a day ; returned and was with 
C. & N. W. Ry., at Boone ; came here 
in December, 1869, and has occupied 
his present position since 1871. Mar- 
ried iMiss Eliza A. Boswell, from Rich- 
mond, Ind., Dec. 23, 1850 ; they have 
one daughter — Arie and have lost one 
son — William, and one daughter — Elsie. 

Seig, George L., printer. 

Seiir, Theodore. 

Shaw, C. C, laborer. 

Sheiding. Louis, farmer and gardener. 

Sheldon, J. B., carriage trimmer. 



570 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



Sherlock, Wm. M., marble maufucturer. 
Sherman, C. W., farmer. 
Sherwood, A. C, physician. 
NHETIiER, <i}EOKGE, retired; 
born in Germany in 1812, and came to 
America in 1833. and lived in Pennsyl- 
vania for six years, and lived in Ken- 
tucky for fifteen years, and came to 
Iowa in 1857, to Marshall County; 
engaged in farming for nine years, then 
removed to this city, and since then, has 
lived here. Married Martha A. Smith, 
from Ohio, in January, 1838 ; they have 
four children — Electa E., George H., 
Saniantha and James K. Polk. George 
H. Shetler, son of the above, was born in 
Germantown, Ky., in 1843, and came to 
this county with his parents in 1857, 
and has been in the harness making 
business since 1867. Remarried Cath- 
arine Baker, from Iowa City, in 1866 ; 
they have three children — Waverly, 
Paul and Nellie. 
Shirk, B. C, retired. 

NHORTHIIiL, Ali. E., hauling, 
dray and ice business ; born in Bryan, 
Williams Co., Ohio, in 1851 ; he lived 
in Ohio until Fall of 1865 ; came to 
jMarshalltown without a dollar ; he has 
been engaged in draying and ice busi- 
ness for past six years, and doing a large 
business, employing seven teams. He 
married Miss Lucy Ella Dickerson, from 
Morgan Co., Ohio, Nov. 5, 1874. 
Sicard, A., millwright. 
Size, W. A., brick manufacturer. 
Simons, M. D., plasterer. 
Sipe, Jacob, carpenter. 
Skully, John, laborer. 
SLiEICirHT, E. Cjt., proprietor grain 
elevator ; born in city of New York 
June 18, 1831, his father being one of 
the largest retail diy goods merchants in 
the city, on the corner of Canal and 
Mercer, where Arnold, Constable & Co. 
are now located ; when 7 years of age, 
in 1837, he removed to Michigan City; 
lived there twenty years ; was with his 
father in grain business in Kalamazoo 
and Niles ; came to Marshalltown in 
1862, and engaged in the grain and 
elevator business ; he was the first man 
to pay cash for grain here ; his elevator 
was burned May 4, 1872, and after 
being rebuilt, they were again burned 
April 6, 1876 ; he lost heavily in both 



conflagrations ; but not discouraged, he 
commenced again ; but few men here 
have done so much for the interests of 
this town and county. He married ]Miss 
Emily A. Arnold, from Kalamazoo, 
Mich., in October, 1855 ; they have 
three children living — Mary, Carrie and 
James, and have lost one daughter — 
Bessie. 

Smelling, W. E., attorney. 

Smith, Alex, laborer. 

Smith, A. K. 

SMITH, ATI.EY, merchant, dry 
goods, fancy goods and notions, 16 West 
Main street ; born in the Shenandoah 
Valley, Frederick Co., Va., Jan. 20, 
1848; lived in Virginia twenty-two 
years ; taught school there and came to 
Iowa in 1870, and engaged in the dry 
goods trade at Mt. Pleasant ; then was 
in Nebraska for two years; came to 
Marshalltown in 1875, and engaged in 
the dry goods business ; he bought the 
lot, and has just completed the building 
he now occupies. Married Miss Anna 
R. Robinson, from Frederick Co., Va., 
in Aug., 1873; they have one daughter 
— Ludessa Mabel. 

SMITH, DEIiAlJO T., real e.state 
and grower of fine stock; born in Litch- 
field, Herkimer Co., N. Y., Nov. 6, 
1830 ; he received his education at the 
Clinton Liberal Institute, and studied 
law with the Hon. J. C. Smith, after- 
ward Judge of the Supreme Court of the 
State of New York ; was admitted to 
the bar in 1 852 ; practiced his profession 
in Dixon, 111., two years ; in 1855, he 
removed to Minneapolis, Minn., and 
lived there ten years ; was engaged in 
the real estate business, and took an 
active part in politics. He represented 
the Minneapolis district in both the Leg- 
islature and the State Senate; in 1863, 
he was appointed to the office of United 
States Direct Tax Commissioner for the 
State of Tennessee, to aid the Depart- 
ment in collecting taxes in the insurrec- 
tionary States, and filled the position 
with great acceptance until the close of 
the war; in 1865, he removed to New 
York city, and engaged in the real es- 
tate business ; in connection with his 
brother, the Hon. M. C. Smith ; they 
started the enterprise known as the 
Arcade Railway ; in 1869, he removed 



MARSHALLTOWN AND LINN TOWNSHIP. 



571 



to Marshalltown, and since then has 
been engaged in real estate busi- 
ness and raising fine stock, princi- 
pally Short-Horn cattle and Berkshire 
swine. His Highland Home Stock Farm 
adjoins this city. He also has a stock 
farm of 800 acres at Logan. Married 
Miss Mattie A. Palmer, from Utica, N. 
Y., in July, 1862 ; they have six chil- 
dren — one son and five daughters. 

Smith, Geo., C. R. R. employe. 

SMITH, G. WASHINGTON, 

loaning money ; born in Franklin Co., 
Penn., Aug. 10, 1828; he^ lived in 
Pennsylvania and in Jeflferson Co., Va., 
until 1849, when he moved to Fulton 
Co., 111.; he first came to Iowa in 1852, 
and then spent some years in the South- 
ern States ; he returned to Iowa and 
came to Marshalltown in 186-1, and since 
then has resided here. He married 
Mary Ginter, from Ohio, in July, 1854 ; 
they have three children — Marietta 
Virginia, Harriet Jane and Nellie Fran- 
ces ; they have lost four children. 

Smith, P. G., retired. 

Smith, S. L., C. R. R. employe. 

SHITH, W. A., proprietor Marshall 
Marble Works ; born in Goshen, Mass., 
Aug. 12, 1837 ; when 13 years of age, 
he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, and 
learned his business, and went in the 
army. Enlisted in the 5th Ohio V. I., 
Co. K ; was in many fights and 
skirmishes ; he was transferred to the 
navy, and was on the gunboat Lexing- 
ton, and was in active service ; was in 
the siege of Vicksl>iirg, Milliken's Bend, 
Helena, Arkansas Post, Haines Bluff, 
Chickasaw Bayou and other places ; 
he was with the Lexington when she 
captured two transports loaded with 
cotton in face of Marmaduko's army of 
40,000 men. Afterward, Mr. Smith 
came here and engaged in business. 
He married Anna H. Highlands, from 
Milford, Ohio, Sept. 4, 1871 ; they have 
two children — Willie H. and Jessie E. 

SNOW, B. L., money broker; born 
in Lorain Co., Ohio, Jan 14, 1836 ; 
was afterward engaged in teaching 
school during Winters for sixteen years. 
Enlisted in the 15th Ohio V. I., Co. K, 
three-months service, and re-enlisted in 
the 46th Regiment, Co. K ; was in 
the battles of Black River, Jackson, 



Vicksburg, Mission Ridge, Atlanta ; was 
slightly wounded at Black River ; was 
in service three years and four months. 
After the war, he came to Iowa ; came to 
this county in 1873, Married Martha 
J. Royce, from Ohio, in 1861 ; they 
have four children — Winnifred C., Nina 
May, Birdie and Norman N. 

Snyder, Andrew, engineer, C. R. R. 

Snyder, Andrew, saloon. 

Snyder, William, laborer. 

Southard, A. M., patent right. 

SOWER, GEORIi^E, firm of Cha- 
pin & Sower, publishers Marshall Coun- 
ty Times ; born in Bavaria, Germany, 
Jan 29, 1831 ; came to America in 
1852 ; after remaining in New York for a 
while, he went to Litchfield, Conn., for 
two years ; then came to Iowa, to Tama 
Co.. Columbia Tp., in Feb., 1854, and 
was one of the early settlers there ; en- 
gaged in farming in 1856 ; then engaged 
with Dr. Henry Baldy, in publishing 
the Iowa Tribune, at Toledo, Tama Co.; 
after engaging in various enterprises, he 
came to Marshalltown and afterward 
became associated with E. N. Chapin, in 
publishing the Marshall County Times. 
He was married in the city of New 
York to Miss Susanna Euler, from Gie- 
sen, Germany, in the Autumn of 1853 ; 
they have four children — Julia, John 
H., Susan and Jennie ; they lost one 
son — George. 

Spaulding, A., carpenter. 

Spears, H. V., grocer. 

SPEER, WILLIAM W., Super 
intendent of Schools ; born in Butler Co., 
Penn., Dec. 24, 1848 ; removed to Ohio 
at an early age ; lived there ten years 
and went to Michigan. Was in the ar- 
my ; enlisted when 14 years of age, in 
the Uth Mich. V. C, Co. L ; was Quar- 
termaster Sergeant ; was wounded by 
one of John Morgan's raiders, at Cyn- 
thiana, Ky.; was in the service 
twenty-two months. Came to Iowa, and 
has been engaged in teaching in this 
and adjoining counties for ten years, 
when he was elected Superintendent of 
Schools of this county in 1877. Mr. 
Speer has been married twice ; his first 
wife was Miss Emma Roberts, from 
New Hampshire ; she died in 1872. 
Married Miss Lillian Sherwin, from New 
York, in Dec, 1875. 



572 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



Sperlin, S. S., laborer. 

Statt, George, farmer. 

STATLER, E. J. B., ^ physi- 
cian and surgeon ; born in Franklin 
Co., Penn., Jan. 18, 1826, living in Penn- 
sylvania until 1855, and received both 
his classical and medical education in 
Pennsylvania, and graduated at the old 
Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, 
in 1851 ; he came to Iowa in 1850, to 
Iowa City, and came here, to Marshall- 
town, in 1857, and engaged in the prac- 
tice of his profession. He was Assistant 
Surgeon in the 28th I. V. I., and was 
afterward commissioned Surgeon of the 
35th Iowa V. I. He was in the service 
twenty-seven months ; after the war, he 
returned and resumed his practice here ; 
in 1868, he took the ad eundem degree. 
Surgeon of C. & N. W. R. R. Co., also 
of the Central R. R. of Iowa. Married 
Miss Sarah J. Kemp, from Westmore- 
land Co., Penn., in Mt. Pleasant March 
6, 1847 ; they have had six children, 
two sons — Renjamin and William 
Edward, and four daughters — Mary C, 
Sarah E., Cordelia and Nellie. 

STEEL., WILLIAM, plow 

maker ; born in Indianapolis, Ind., May 
22, 1846 ; when 3 A years of age he 
came with his parents to Iowa ; they 
came in a wagon, and were about three 
months on the way, and arrived in Mar- 
shall Co. in Nov., 1849, and located in 
Taylor Township, and they were among 
the earliest settlers there ; they were the 
seventh family located in this county, 
and engaged in farming ; there were 
Indians here then ; they used to go to 
Muscatine for their mail and to mill ; 
they lived in a log cabin with a bark 
roof, using a quilt for a door ; there are 
few here in the county now who were here 
when they came ; he came to Marshall- 
town in 1863, and learned his jiresent 
business, and has been engaged in it 
since then. Married Miss Laura E. 
Johnson, from Wells Co., Ind., Dec. 
27, 1872 ; they have two children — 
Rirte and Ollie, and have lost one son 
in infancy. 
STEVEIVS, JAMES F., con- 
tractor and builder ; born in Portland, 
Me., Nov. 1, 1838; removed in infancy 
to New Brunswick, and was brought up 
and learned his trade there ; he came to 



Chicago Sept. 3, 1860, and was engaged 
in contracting and building there for 
eighteen years ; he came to Marshall- 
town in 1877. He was in the Quarter- 
master's Department a short time during 
the war. He married Miss Addie 
Johnson March 4, 1868 ; she was born 
in Johnstown, N. Y., and came to Chi- 
cago in infancy. 

STEVENS, PHIXEAS, farmer ) 
and stock raiser ; born in Caledonia Co., / 
Vt., Aug. 10, 1821 ; lived in Vermont ' 
until 33 years of age ; was engaged in 
mercantile business; in 1854, he removed 
to Kenosha, Wis., for about two years ; 
then removed to Lacon, 111., in Jan., 
1856, and engaged in mercantile business, 
and afterward in banking, being one of 
those who organized the First National 
Bank of Lacon in 1863, being among . 
the earliest national banks organized — 
No. 347 ; he was one of the largest 
stockholders and President of the bank 
until 1871, when he retired from bank- 
ing, and went on his farms; in 1876, 
he sold his forms, and came to this coun- 
ty ; in Feb., 1877, he engaged exten- 
sively in farming and stock raising. He 
owns 1,200 acres in Logan Tp. He 
held the office of Supervisor in Illinois 
two years. He married Miss Caroline 
Brock, from Caledonia Co., Vt., June 
20, 1844 ; they have two children — 
Charles A., living in Dexter, Iowa ; 
Emily C, living in Marshall Co., 111. 
they lost one son in infancy. 

Stewart, Aaron, laborer. 

Stiles, Newell, retired. 

STINE, JOHN, contractor and 
dealer in lime, cement, stone, hair and 
stucco ; born in Washington Co., Md., 
June 20, 1840 ; when 3 years of 
age, he removed to Ogle Co., 111., and 
was raised there ; came to Marshalltown 
in the Fall of 1864, and has be(;n en- 
gaged in his present business for the 
past ten years. He married Miss Har- 
riet M. Bates, from Canada East ; 
she died in August, 1873, leaving three 
children — Ida A., Arden M., Eva I., 
and lost one son — Walter C. He mar- 
ried Miss Jennie E. Bates, from Canada 
East, June 21, 1876 ; they have one 
daughter — Myrtie May. 

Stinson, W. L., far., S. 33. 

Stodart, H., lumbennan. 



MARSHALLTOWN AND ^-INN TOWNSHIP. 



573 



STODDERT, THOMAS, firm of 
Stoddert Bioy., luiul)er dealers ; born in 
Liverpool, Eng., March 1, 1852 ; after 
receiving his education, he became Cash- 
ier and head bookkeeper in a large 
steamship office in London. He came 
to America in 1875, and came to Mar- 
shalltown the same year, and associated 
with his brother in the lumber busi- 
ness. 

STOXE, C. W., banker; born in 
Canada March 17, 18-12, and came with 
his parents to this State to Iowa City 
and from there they started in the stage, 
but after coming ten miles, he and his 
father being in a hurry they came the 
rest of the way on foot, and arrived 
here half a day in advance of the stage ; 
in 1855, they engaged in farming, and 
carried on an extensive dairy business ; 
over 100 cows ; the reputation of Stone's 
cheese was known far and wide. Mr. 

' Stone attended school at Marietta dur- 
ing the county seat trouble, and came to 
Marshalltown in 1860. He was in the 
army ; enlisted in 13th I. V. I., Co. H ; 
was with Gen. Sherman from Chatta- 
nooga to Atlanta, and went with him to 
the sea, and then to Washington ; he 
was promoted and commissioned First 
Lieutenant in the regular army in 
front of Atlanta. After the war, he re- 
turned here and associated with H. E. J. 
Boardman, J. L. Williams and John 
Turner ; has been engaged in banking for 
the past five years. He married Miss 
AUie E. Williams, from Erie Co., Penn., 
Feb. 26, 1864 ; they have three children 
— May, Hallie and Herbie. 

STONE, ESBOX W., of the firm 
of McCumbs & Stone, livery, sale and 
boarding stable ; born in Canada July 
23, 1838, and came to Iowa when 17 
years of age ; arrived in Marshall Co., 
in May, 1855, with his parents ; they 
engaged in farming and in dairy busi- 
ness extensively ; they were early settlers, 
and there was but little improvement 
here when they came ; he came to this 
city in 1874, and engaged in his present 
business. He has held town and school 
offices. He married Miss Delia A. 
Randall from Ohio, in January, 1864 ; 
they have two children — Willie and 
Nellie, and lost one son in infancy. 
Sullivan, Mat., employe C. R. R. 



SrTTOX, PRESTON M., attor- 
ney at law ; the subject of this sketch 
was born in Kalamazoo, Mich., Feb. 
22, 1845, and removed to McHenry 
Co., 111., in infancy, and lived there un- 
til 1860 ; taught school in Southern 
Illinois one year and entered Normal 
University at Normal, and after being 
there one year, came to Iowa and Mar- 
shall Co.; while in Albion he was em- 
ployed to take charge of the mathemat- 
ical department of Iowa Lutheran Col- 
lege ; was there one year and enlisted 
with a number of the students in the 
6th Iowa V. C, Co. A; served two years. 
After the war, was chosen Principal of 
the schools in Marshalltown, and re- 
mained in that position for two and a 
half years ; was nominated and elected 
Clerk of the Courts of this county ; 
held that office two years, reading law 
in the mean time, and was admitted to 
the bar Jan. 1, 1873, when he formed 
a partnership with Messrs. Henderson & 
Merriman and continued for seven 
months, then withdrew with the consent 
of the senior member of the firm and 
opened an independent office. Was 
elected Solicitor of the city ; held the 
office for two years ; was also elected 
President of the School Board, and was 
instrumental in employing Prof Rogers 
and in inaugurating the present school 
system. His present position at the bar 
is in a considerable degree owing to his 
having won a number of cases that have 
attracted large attention, and which were 
rejected by some of the ablest lawyers 
of the State as impossible and hopeless, 
among which may be mentioned the 
"Oi'r case," the "Carlisle case" and the 
celebrated defense of Mrs. Ellen S. Tup- 
per the once famous "Bee Queen" and 
notorious forger. Mr. Sutton's life has 
been an eventful one ; whatever he has 
done has been done with his might ; his 
achievements have been brilliant, victo- 
rious, and his mistakes have been equal- 
ly marked and serious. But he is always 
known to be liberal and generous in his 
support of all measures intended for the 
public good and in aid and defense of 
those most needing help and assistance ; 
he has and always will have hosts of 
warm and enthusiastic friends; and even 
those who would be expected to say 



574 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



T 



most against him liave for him 
words of kindness and charity. 
ATE, D. H., farm laborer. 



only 



TAYLOR, R. HOWE, Mayor of 
Marshalltown ; born in Newport, Rhode 
Island, Oct. 1, 1825, and removed at 
an early age to the State of New York ; 
received his education and studied med- 
icine ; came West in 1853, and came to 
Marshalltown in 1854, and engaged in 
the practice of his profession ; he was 
one of the early settlers, only few here 
now that came before 1853. He was 
elected County Judge io 1861 ; has 
held the offices of County Treasurer 
and Recorder; also held office of Super- 
visor and was chosen Chairman of the 
Board ; was elected State Senator in 
1871, for four years, and was Presiden- 
tial Elector in 1876 ; he was elected 
Mayor of Marshalltown in 1877, and 
re-elected in 1878. Married Miss Ra- 
chel Dunn, from La Porte, Ind., in 
April, 1860 ; they have two children — 
Ettie and Madge ; they have lost one 
daughter. 

Taylor, S. J., harness maker. 

THAYER, THOMAS, buying and 
shipping stock ; born in Hampshire Co., 
Mass., Aug. 1, 1806; came to Aurora, 
Kane Co., 111., in 184-i ; engaged in mill- 
ing, farming and stock business ; used 
to drive stock to Chicago ; he came to 
Marshall Co., Iowa, Sept. 13, 1855; 
came with an ox team, coming by Dixon 
and Rock Island, then to Iowa City ; 
were four weeks on the way ; came to 
this county, and was here when there 
was only fourteen voters in this town, 
and eighty-two or eighty-three in this 
county. He man-ied Clarissa Williams, 
from Goshen, Hampshire Co., Mass., 
in June, 1838. They went back to 
Aurora, 111., in 1863 ; his wife died Aug. 
28, 1872 ; he came here again in 1876, 
and engaged in buying and shipping 
stock, and does a large business ; he 
paid out for stock during the months of 
March, April and May of this year over 
$58,000 ; he has five children— Wealthy 
Ellen, Thomas J., Edward L. and Clar- 
issa ; lost three children. 

THOMAS, FRANK M., COI.., 

deceased; was born in Illinois in 1842 ; 
and came with his parents to Iowa when 



2 years of age ; they were at Spirit Lake 
at the time of the massacre. When the 
war broke out, he enlisted in the 8th I. 
V. C., and was in active service until he 
was severely wounded, having his leg 
shot off and was taken prisoner near At- 
lanta, Georgia ; he languished in their 
prisons for a year and a half, suffering 
everything but death. After the war, 
he was appointed to a clerkship in the 
Treasury Department, where he re- 
mained two or three years, meantime 
graduating at the Columbia Law Col- 
lege. Returning to Marshalltown, he 
married Miss Lydia Holloway, from 
Ohio, Dec. 26, 1867. He was elected 
Recorder of Deeds, and was afterward 
chosen Clerk of the District Court, 
which office he held at the time of his 
death, which occurred in the city of 
Washington, March 6, 1873 ; in the 
language of the Washington Chronicle, 
he was a brave, self-sacrificing soldier, a 
true, generous and abiding friend, and 
an upright, honest man, and his loss will 
be deeply deplored wherever known. He 
left a wife, and one daughter, who now 
lives with her adopted father, Mr. Lot 
Holmes. 

Thompson, V. S., physician. 

Thorn, Isaac M., laborer. 

Thornton, Hugh, employe C. R. R. 

Thorpe, B. 0., laborer. 

Thorp, Cyrus, retired. 

Thorp, George R., laborer. 

Timma, David, farmer. 

Treadwell, W. F., clerk. 

Trine, E., harness maker. 

TUFFREE, E., abstracts and loans ; 
born in Pittsburgh, Allegheny Co., 
Penn., April 4, 1838, and lived in Penn- 
sylvania for seventeen years ; and also 
in Virginia, near Wheeling, for one 
year, and came to Iowa in 1856, 
and located in Marshall Co., town of 
Eden, and engaged in farming; was 
in the army, enUsted in the 23d Rest. 
L V. L, Co. K, Aug. 12, 1862; was 
in battles of Port Gibson, Black River 
Bridge, and through siege of Vicks- 
burg, Jackson, and others ; was in 
the service three years. He was 
appointed Deputy County Recorder. 
Jjugaged in his present business in 1872. 
Married Miss Rachel R. Palmer, from 
Ogle Co., 111., in October, 1868. They 



MARSHALLTOWN AND LINN TOWNSHIP. 



575 



have three children — Nora, Charlie and 
Mary. 

TlTRl^ER, JOHX, City Bank ; born 
in Clinton Co., N. Y., May 10, 1829; 
lived in New York and Pennsylvania 
until 1857, when he came to Iowa; 
located at Marietta, thi.s county, and en- 
gaged in the stove and hardware trade. 
Was elected Justice of Peace in 1857, 
and held office of Postmaster under 
President Lincoln. He came to Mar- 
shalltown in 1862 ; was appointed 
Deputy Clerk of the Courts, and was 
afterward elected Recorder of this 
county in 1866. Engaged in the hard- 
ware trade here for some years, and sold 
out to and was succeeded by N. Worley 
& Sons, and eneaged in the banking 
business ; has held office Justice of the 
Peace, and member of City Council, for 
some years in this city. Married Mrs. 
Matilda P. Colton, formerly Mrs. 
Matilda P. Williams, from Erie Co., 
Penn., in December, 1854. She has 
one daughter, now Mrs. George Kroger. 

TTLMER, MICHAEL, laborer. 
K_J Upson, L. T., furniture. 

Upson, J. T., employe C. R. R. 

IJTZ, JOHX, retired ; born in Fred- 
erick Co., Md., May 29, 1810 ; lived in 
that State twenty years and removed to 
Virginia. He married Jane E. Strick- 
land, from Rockbridge Co., Va., in 
1851 ; in 1856, they came by team to 
Iowa ; they came to Johnson Co. Nov. 1, 
and started from there Dec. 31 with three 
teams, the snow was deep and there was 
only a track for sleds, and it was almost 
impossible to travel on wheels with their 
goods ; it was extremely cold and he 
put his wife and children between two 
feather beds to keep them from freez- 
ing; the next day he bought two sleds 
and put under his wagon, after taking 
off the wheels, and then they had no 
further trouble, and arrived here in this 
town July 6, 1857 ; he engaged in 
butchering and in grocery and confec- 
tionery, and afterward in the marble 
business ; he has lived in this town over 
twenty years. They have four children 
—Theodore N., William T., Luella C. 
and AloDzo A., and lost two children in 
infancy. 

XXALIANT, GEORGE F., barber. 



Vail, J. D., soda water. 

Vanderberg, J. B., carpenter. 

Van Metre, J. M., farmer. Sec. 29. 

Vanorman, J. G., engineer. 

Vanosedel, David, carpenter. 

Vanschaick, A. J., farmer. 

VAIV VRAXKKN, P. J., retired 
farmer ; born in Saratoga Co., N Y 
Feb. 29, 1820 ; lived in New York State 
thirty years, and then removed to Lee 
Co., Ill, in 1850; remained thereuntil 
1865, and then came to Iowa and en- 
gaged in farming in Tama Co.; he re- 
moved to this city. Married Martha 
Ham, from Cambridge, Washington Co., 
N. Y., March 4, 1841 ; they have four 
children — Gertrude M., Martha A., 
Henry E. and Peter J. 

VARNUM, H. B., farmer. Sec. 34 ; 
born in Caledonia Co., Vt., in April, 
1828 ; he lived there until 1851, when 
he went to California, where he followed 
mining on the North Fork of the 
American River ; he returned to Ver- 
mont in 1853, and came to Iowa in 
1854 ; he owns a farm of 320 acres. 
He married Miss Carrie Bigford, from 
Caledonia Co., Vt., Dec. 17, 1861 ; she 
was born June 2, 1832 ; they have four 
children — Isaac P., Charles B., Minnie 
L. and Carrie E. 

Vatik, John, Jr., saloon. 

Vaughn, Thomas, carpenter. 

Veber, C. R., dentist. 

Verall, Frank, laborer. 

Vertz, I. W., clerk. 

VICKORY, WILLIAM E.,firm 
of Vickory tt Butler, carriage makers ; 
born in Brattleboro, Vt., April 14, 1832 ; 
removed to New York State when 5 years 
of age, and lived there seventeen years ; 
learned his trade in Springfield, Mass.; 
also lived in Toledo, Ohio, for two years, 
and in the State of Wisconsin for nine 
years; came to Marshalltown in 1865, 
and since then has been engaged in busi- 
ness here. He held the office of Chief 
Engineer of the Fire Department for four 
years. Married Mis.s Harriet Rice, from 
Toledo, Ohio, in March, 1864 ; they 
have three children — Frank E. (clerk 
in dry goods store of A. T. Burchardj, 
Hattie and Fred. 
Visck, Joseph, shoemaker. 
Voarhies, R. B., conductor Central R. R. 
Vogel, R. J., brewer. 

21 



576 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



Vogel, T., barber. 

ALLACE, JOHN, feed stable. 



W 



Walker, T. B., butcher. 

Walline, Olof, molder. 

Wallish, Bartel, C R. R. employe. 

Walsworth, A. A., boots and shoes. 

Walsworth, S., retired. 

Walters, Levi, night watch. 

Wanburg, Peter, shoemaker. 

Warner, Ansini, retired. 

WATERMAN, MOSES, firm A. 
H. Neidig & Co., publishers Marshall 
Republican; born in Vermilion Co., 
Ind., July 25, 184-^. When the war 
broke out, he enlisted in the 11th Regt. 
Ind., I. V. I., Co. I; was in the 
battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Port 
Gibson and Champion- Hills ; he was 
taken prisoner at Vicksburg, and was 
paroled, and was again taken prisoner in 
Louisiana, and after two months was re- 
leased on Christmas Day, 1863; was in 
the service three years. After the war 
came to Iowa, and lived in Des Moines 
eight years ; learned the printing busi- 
ness, associated with Stewart & Speed, 
firm being Stewart, Waterman & Speed ; 
they published the Weekly Revieio 
which was afterward merged into the 
Daily and Weekly Republican. He 
came here in 1873, and purchased an 
interest with T. E. McCracken in the 
Republican in 1874; he became asso- 
ciated with Mr. A. H. Neidig, the firm 
being A. H. Neidig & Co., Mr. Water- 
man being business manager and local 
editor. Married Miss George Etta E. 
Cutter, from Weston, Mass., Feb. 11, 
1872. They have two children— Edith 
M. and Richard W. 

Waters, Charles, farmer. 

WATERS, \\. R., J>R., physician 
and surgeon , born in Delaware Co., Ohio, 
March 19, 1819 ; he received his edu- 
cation in Ohio, and studied medi- 
cine and graduated at the Starling 
Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, in 
1847 ; practiced his profession there for 
some years, and came to Iowa in his 
own conveyance, and was twenty-two 
days on the way, and arrived here in 
July, 1854, and engaged in practicing 
medicine ; there were only 200 voters in 
the county then. He has practiced his 
profession longer than any physician 



here — over twenty-four years ; there 
were plenty of Indians here when he 
came. He was First Assistant Suraeon 
in the 32d I. V. I. He has held office 
of Coroner of this county eight years, 
and was physician to County Infirmary 
for six years. Married Miss Eleanor 
Barrows, from Vermont, Dec. 1, 1842 ; 
they have three children — Emmet, 
Imogine and Celia ; they lost one son — 
Albertis ; he was in the army in 44th 
I. V. L, and died at La Grange from 
disease contracted in the army. 

Waters, D. E., tinner. 

WEATHERL.Y, W. H., real es 
tate ; born in Stokes Co., N. C., Sept. 
27, 1824 ; removed to Tennessee when • 
eight years of age, and afterwai'd to 
Indiana, where he lived until 1849. 
He came to Iowa driving an ox team, 
and was twenty-nine days on the way ; 
arrived in this county Oct. 23, 1850 ; 
located in the town of Bangor ; one of 
the earliest settlers in this county, only 
two families in that town. He went 
into the woods and chopped timber and 
built his cabin ; the first year they came, 
for six weeks they had no flour or meal 
in the house ; on account of floods could 
not get to mill ; he was gone thirteen 
days to mill to Iowa City at one time. 
Then, realizing that necessity is the 
mother of invention, he and his man 
built a mill themselves, was a success in 
its way, and ground most of the corn in 
the settlement. He was elected Sheriff" 
of this county in 1853, and served four^ 
years ; was appointed Special Sheriff to 
serve summons enjoining the Sheriff 
from removing the Records during the 
County Seat trouble, and was appointed 
Sheriff of the county in 1859 to fill va- 
cancy. He knew every man in the 
county, and where he lived for years ; 
and perhaps no one now is more famil- 
iar with the county and its people. He 
was in the army, volunteered Aug. 17, 
18G1 ; he and Mr. Forster, of Leclaire, 
raised Company B, 11th I. V. I., and 
after the regiment was organized Mr. 
Weatherly was elected and commissioned 
First Lieutenant; was in battles of Shi- 
loh, luka, siege of Vicksburg, and many 
other battles and skirmishes, and was 
slightly wounded at luka, and was 
knocked down by concussion of cannon 



MARSHALLTOWN AND LINN TOWNSHIP. 



ball. After the war, he was elected 
Sheriff of this county in 18(54, and has 
also held various town and school offices. 
He marrit'd Miss Kliza Edwards, from 
fStokes Co., N. C, Oct. 24, 1845. They 
have five children — Albert W., who 
was in Co. G, 44th I. V. I ; Amos 
Franklin, who was in Co. I, Gth I. V. 
C ; died while attending college March 
11, 18G5; Thomas C, Huldah and 

W E B N T E R, CATHARIXE 

E., MRS., formerly Miss Catharine 
E. Dunn ; was born in Piqua, Miami 
Co., Ohio, in 1824, and lived there 
twenty years ; removed to La Porte, 
Ind. She married Keuben H. Webster, 
from Virginia, Dec. 23, 1849, and they 
came to Marshalltown, Iowa, in Oct., 
1856, her husband having come previ- 
ously, and had the house built where 
she now lives, carting the lumber from 
Iowa City ; he then went after his wife ; 
they were among the earliest settlers 
here ; at that time wheat and corn were 
growing around where they now live, 
which was all a farm. He was engaged 
in dealing in lands. He died Dec. 3, 
1863, leaving three sons and three 
daughters-- Mattie Parker, Belle Wool- 
ston, Byron, Allie E., Oliver, Charles 
and Wilbern ; she lost one child in in- 
fancy. 

Wellish, L. B. 

Wells, Fred T., grocer. 

Welsh, J. J., grain buyer. 

Westlake, G. W., farmer. 

Whinnery, E. W., clerk. 

Whipple, J. V. B., carpenter. 

AVhite, Julius, brewer. 

White, Patrick, employe Central B R. 

White, W. C, teamster. 

Whitenack, B. H., employe C. R. R. 

Whitney, Frank, employe C. R. R. 

WHITTOX, (GEORGE, mer 
chant, dealer in dry goods, clothing, 
boots and shoes ; born in St. Louis, Mo., 
June 20, 1842, and came to Ft. Madi- 
son, Iowa, in infancy ; he received his 
education near there, and afterward went 
to Council Bluffs and was clerk in store ; 
then attended commercial college and 
engaged in mercantile business at Fort 
Madison ; came to Marshalltown in 
1866, and has been engaged in business 
here for the past twelve years. Mar- 



ried Miss Mattie J. Benedict, from Con- 
necticut, Dec. 31, 1870. 

Widdy, John, employe C. R. R. 

Wilbur, A., money loaner. 

Wilbur, Andrew, clerk. 

Wilbur, D. C, furniture. 

Wiley, H. D., grocer. 

WILL, GEORGE, firm of McBride 
& Will, druggists, No. 1 Kast Main 
street; born in Orange, Ashland Co., 
Ohio, March 31, 1844 ; lived in Ohio 
eighteen years ; came to Marshalltown 
and engaged in drug business with Dr. 
Geo. Glick, and was with him over nine 
years ; then he associated with W. S. 
McBride, M. D., in the drug business. 
He married Miss Christine Zeigenfelder, 
from Troy, Miami Co., Ohio, in 1871 ; 
they have two children — Edward Clif- 
ton and Florence ; they lost one daughter 
— Emma. 

WIEEARD, HIRAM, dealer in 
hides, wool, pelts and furs ; born near 
Portland, Cumberland Co., Me., Novem- 
ber, 1829 ; lived in Maine twenty-one 
years and came to (jalena, 111., in 1852; 
lived there four years, then he engaged 
in the tanning business in Kentucky, 
with E. A. Collins, of Galena ; and Mr 
Willard went to Kentucky and managed 
the business until 1866, when he came 
to Marshalltown and engaged in the 
leather and saddlery hardware trade 
(firm of Willard & Grummej, and after- 
ward continued the business alone ; in 
1868, he built the block where he now 
does business ; his sales that year, 1868, 
amounted to over $85,000 ; in 1875, he 
went to the Black Hills with Prof W. 
P. Jenny, in the expedition sent there 
by the Government ; he went there 
again in 1876. Has held the office of 
City Councilman. He married Miss 
Matilda Townsend, from London, Eng., 
May, 1856 ; they have three children — 
Frank H., born" Oct. 14, 1858 ; Mary 
Alice, June 7, 1862 ; Leroy Randall, 
July 1, 1863. 

Williams, B. C, employe C. R. R. 

WILLIAMS, H. P., abstracts of 
title, real estate and insurance agent ; 
born in Erie Co., Penn., Aug. 22, 1837; 
he lived in Pennsylvania until 1856, 
when he came to Marshall Co., Iowa, 
and engaged as clerk in a dry goods 
store ; h§ was one of the early settlers 



578 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



here ; came to Marshalltown and was 
appointed Deputy Clerk ot' the Courts. 
Was in the army ; enlisted in the IHth 
Iowa V. I., us Orderly Sergeant of Co. 
H ; was discharged on account of disa- 
bility. He was appointed Deputy 
County Treasurer from 1862 to 1864, 
and again enlisted in the army in the 
•l-lth Iowa V. I., and was commissioned 
First Lieutenant Co. G. Returned here 
at the close of the war, and was elected 
Clerk of the Courts of this county, in 
the Fall of 186S.and held that office for 
two years ; also held office of Justice of 
the Peace for two years. He married 
Miss Ida Lacey, from Connecticut, in 
August, 1861 ; theyiiave three children 
— Susie, Nellie and Addie. 

WILLIAMS, J. li., Cashier and 
Manager of the City National Bank ; 
born in Randolph, Cattaraugus Co., N. 
Y., May 3, 1831 ; when 3 years of age, 
he removed to Erie Co., Penn., and 
lived in that State twenty years, and 
came to Marshall Co. in September, 
1854 ; was one of the early settlers 
here; he taught school and opened up a 
farm in the west part of the county. 
He was appointed Clerk of the District 
Court, and held that office for fourteen 
years, being elected by the people for 
six successive terms, when he declined 
to accept a further nomination for the 
office in 1868. Jan. 1, 1869, com- 
menced the practice of law, and 
and continued until 1873, when he be- 
came interested with several old settlers 
in the organization of the City National 
Bank, and he was chosen chief manager. 
He represented this county in the State 
Legislature in 1872 and 1873, and was 
the first Mayor of the city of Marshall- 
town, aad has hele other town and 
school offices. Married Miss Jennie N. 
Bagley, from Kingsville, Ashtabula Co., 
Ohio, in June, 1858; they have four 
children — Gertrude, Frank, Fred and 
Lee. 

Williams, R. H., painter. 

IVILLIGROD, EDWARD, of 
the firm of W. C. Page & Co., dry 
goods ; born in Grerraany May 8, 1840 ; 
came to America in 1 849 ; went to 
Mansfield, Ohio. He married Miss 
Kate Glick, daughter of the late Mrs. 
Glick ; they came to Iowa, and ar- 



rived in Marshalltown in July, 
1854, and engaged in the mercantile 
business, and was one of the earliest 
settlers, and is the only merchant in 
business now that was here then ; used 
to cart his goods from Iowa City, Mus- 
catine and Davenport ; they had but 
little demand for dry goods ; the wants 
of the people were confined to their 
needs ; he bought a lot and a log 
house for $1(10, and lived there happily 
and contentedly ; they have four chil- 
dren — Edward, Jr., Julius, Nellie and 
George ; they have lost one daughter 
— Mav Julia. 

WILSON, NELSON M., occulist 
and aurist ; born in Putnam Co., Ind., 
July 23, 1847, and removed to Illinois 
when 3 years of age, and received his 
education. Was in the army ; enlisted 
in the 137th 111. V. L, Co. I, and was 
slightly wounded at Memphis, Tenn. 
He studied his profession, and came to 
Marshalltown in 1875. He owns 160 
acres of laud, and has a house and lot 
here. He married Mrs. Phebe D. 
Dickey, from Ohio, June 11, 1876. 

Windish, J. D., farmer. 

Winibrener, J. H., harness maker. 

Witherspoon, J. K., horse doctor. 

Wooil, I., farmer. 

WOODBURY, F. J , of the First 
National Bank ; born in the State of 
New York, Oct. 28, 1833 ; lived there 
until he was 7 years of age, and removed 
with his parents to Illinois, and lived in 
Peoria, Schuyler and Kane Counties ; 
came to Iowa and to Marshalltown in 
1854. His father built the mill and he 
was engaged in running it; they were 
among the early settlers here. He was 
in the army in the 23d I. V. I. ; was in 
the battles of Port Gibson, Black River 
Bridge, siege of Vicksburg ; was slightly 
wounded at Black River Bridge. Re- 
turned here, and engaged in business. 
He owns the Woodbuiy Mills, and is 
Director in the First National Bank. 
Married Miss Martha Wallan, from 
Ohio, in 1856 ; they have three children 
— Frank, George and Georgiana ; lost 
one daughter — Ida B. 

WOODBURY, ORENELEAF 
jfl., HON., deceased ; born in Wash- 
ington, Vt., July 12, 1811 ; at the age 
of 3 years, his parents moved to 



MARSHALLTOWN AND LINN TOWNSHIP. 



579 



Salisbury, N. H., where he passed his 
boyhood and young manhood up to his 
18th year ; from there he went to Spen- 
cerport, N. Y., and engaged in tlie mer- 
cantile and grain business. Here, at 
age of 22, he was married to the wife 
with whom he lived for forty years. In 
the year 1840, having lost his store and 
stock of goods by fire, and being wholly 
without means, he resolved to push to 
to the West to retrieve his fortune ; he 
came to Peoria, 111., and with that as 
headquarters, operated in dift'erent ways 
aud places, sometimes in the building of 
mills, sometimes in agriculture ; in 1854, 
he removed to Marshalltown, then but a 
small collection of shanties, and giving 
no visible promise of the thriving city it has 
since become ; he at once began that en- 
ergetic career that so distinguished him, 
and which made him a leader of the peo- 
ple up to the time of his death. His first 
enterprise was to build the mill which 
bears his name, on the river north of 
the city ; this was the first flouring-mill 
in Central Iowa, and for a long time the 
only one this side of Oskaloosa and Ce- 
dar Rapids ; it gave Marshalltown its 
first item of commercial importance, and 
was the foundation of Mr. Woodbury's 
fortune as well ; he subsequently built 
two mills in Hardin Co., at Xenia 
and Alden. which enterprise had a 
great eifect upon the property of 
the country roundabout ; we next find 
him laying out Woodbury's Addi- 
tion to Marshalltown, a plat of forty 
acres, out of which, with his character- 
istic foresight, he sold lots at low 
prices in order that settlers might be in- 
duced to locate in the newly growing 
town ; he worked with all the determi- 
nation of his character for the location 
of the county seat at Marshalltown, and 
was a strong factor in securing it ; up to 
this time, railroads had made slow prog- 
ress from the Mississippi River west- 
ward ; to Mr. Woodbury, more than any 
other man, is due the transfer of the 
land grant from the Iowa Air Line to 
the Cedar Rapids & Missouri River 
Railroad Co. (now Chicago ct North- 
Western), in which he became Vice Pres- 
ident ; he spent several years of arduous 
labor in securing its early completion to 
this city, himself grading thirty miles of 



it ; the first National Bank of Marshall- 
town, for a long time the only bank in 
in Central Iowa, was founded by hini ; 
the woolen factory (Marshall Woolen 
Mills), a fine stone building, and fitted 
up with the most approved kinds of ma- 
chinery, was another of his enterprises, 
but it was unfortunately destroyed by 
fire ; he built a fine public hall, and in- 
deed, the monuments to his indefatigable 
activity and public spirit are everywhere to 
be seen in the city that accords to him the 
title of father to prosperity. In 1866, he 
was a leading candidate for Congress in 
the "old Sixth District." He was gen- 
erous to the public in all its eflforts, 
and equally so to the private citizen, 
who had occasion to lay claim to his 
sympathies. He was, at one period of 
his life, a member of the Congregational 
Church, and though not an habitual 
church-goer, testified, previous to his 
death, a faith in the merits of religion ; 
he was strictly temperate in all things, 
was genial in his intercourse with his 
friends, and stanch and true to all his 
relations ; about three years before his 
death, his health perceptibly failed ; he 
died on Monday, the 14th of April, 1873 ; 
his obsequies were held in Woodbury's 
Hall, on Wednesday, April 16th. Rev. 
Mr. Bray officiating ; the Masonic frater- 
nity, of which he was a member, took 
charge of the exercises, and he was laid 
to rest, honored and lamented by all. 

Woodring, N., teamster. 

Wood, N. W., lumber. 

Woods, W. W., marble man. 

Woodsworth, C. S., lumber. 

WOODWORTH, W. C, firm of 

Woodworth k Son, lumber dealers ; born 
in Seneca Co., N. Y., June 7, 1817 ; 
lived in the State of New York for forty 
years ; engaged in the mercantile and 
milling bu.siness ; came to Iowa in 1857, 
and located at Mt. Pleasant; in 1862, 
represented Henry Co. in the State Leg- 
islature; afterward, removed to Fort 
Madison, and came to Marshalltown in 
1866 ; went into the mercantile business ; 
he engaged in the lumber business with 
his son Aug. 28, 1871. He has just 
received the nomination for Supervisor 
of this county. Married Miss Ann E. 
Somers, from Susquehanna Co., Penn., 
May 27, 1840 ; they have two children 



580 



DIRECTORl OF MARSHALL COUNTY ; 



— Calvin S. and Charles E., and have 
lost two children — Mary S. and William 
W. 
WORLEY, NATHAN, firm of 
Nathan Worley & Sons ; born in Darke 
Co., Ohio, March 1, 1819 ; his flither, 
Nathan Worley, was born in 1792, and 
prepared himself for the ministry in the 
Christian Church ; he was admitted to 
the Conference in 1819, and continued 
a member of the same Conference and 
preached for fifty-two years. He mar- 
ried Miss Elizabeth Adams ; she was | 
born in 1794, in Cincinnati, and was the i 
first female born in that city, eighty- [ 
four years ago, which was then called I 
Fort Washington ; she is still living in 
Covington, Ohio ; her husband died in 
1871 ; they had four sons and two 
daughters. Their son Nathan, the sub- 
ject of this sketch, evinced a disposition 
for trading at a very early age, and com- 
menced buying and selling Feb. 8, 1827 ; 
he afterward removed to Dayton, and 
was engaged in the mercantile business 
there for ten years, and removed to 
Manheim, Penn., and engaged in the 



mercantile business, and was actively 
identified with the interests of the city 
and county for a quarter of a century ; 
he represented his district in the State 
Legislature, and held the office of Mayor 
of Manheim for three years ; also held 
other town and school offices. After 
continuing in business there for twenty- 
six and a half years, he came to Iowa 
and located in Marshalltown, and associ- 
ating his sons with him, he established 
the present hardware house of Nathan 
Worley & Sons ; he has been engaged 
in business for fitty-two years and longer 
than any merchant west of the Missis- 
sippi River ; he is also much interested 
in agricultural pursuits and owns a farm 
of 640 acres in Logan Tp. He married 
Miss Susan Arndt, from Manheim, 
Penn., in March, 1846 ; they have two 
sons and one daughter — John, Mary E. 
and Nathan. 

Wrigley, J. H., employe C. R. R. 

Wyllis, J. C, attorney. 

YOUNGERMAN, FRANK, employe 
C. R. R. 



LISCOMB TOWNSHIP. 



ALLARD, C. T., farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 
0. Lamoille. 

ALI.GOOD, H. C, dealer in hard- 
ware, stoves and tinware, Liscomb ; born 
in North Carolina in 1848 ; came to 
this county in 1 852. Holds the offices 
of Town Clerk and Secretary of the 
School Board. Owns eighty acres of 
land. He married Miss R. Steelsman 
in Nov., 1875 ; she was born in Ohio ; 
have one child — Clinton J. 

Allison, A., st^nck dealer, Liscomb. 

ARIflSTRONU, B. A., dealer in 
general niercliaiidise, Ijiscomb ; born in 
Jo Daviess Co., 111., in 1843; came to 
to this State in 1855, and to this county 
in 1863 ; has held the offices of Town 
Clerk and Postmaster eight years. He 
married Miss M. Howorth in 1866 ; she 
was born in Keokuk Co., Iowa ; have 
four children — Jesse L., Frank T., Leo- 
na C. and Nettie R. 

Armstrong, J. C, far. S. 7 ; P. 0. Albion. 



Arney, G. W.,far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Liscomb. 
Auringer, F. V., laborer, Liscomb. 
Auringer, J. A., laborer, Liscomb. 

BARBER, WILLIAM, lumber dealer, 
Liscomb. 

BATTIX, W., farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. 
Marshalltown ; born in Columbiana Co., 
Ohio, June 24, 1832 ; came to this State 
in Nov., 1856, and to this county in 
1857 ; owns 190 acres of land. He has 
held the offices of Assessor, School Di- 
rector, Supervisor and Judge of the 
County Court. He married Miss Eliza- 
beth B. Malmsberry Dec. 31, 1857; 
she was born in Washington Co., Ohio ; 
have eight children — Horace M., Isaac 
H., Sarah E., John W., Margaret L., 
James F.. Jennie M. and Cora M. 

BANH, HKXRY, farmer, Sec. 13 ; 
P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in West- 
moreland Co., Penn., Dec. 31, 1826 ; 
came to this county in 1855 ; owns 320 
acres of land. He has held the office 



LISCOMB TOWNSHIP. 



581 



Scliool Director. He married Mrs. 
Sarali J. Doty Dec. 25, 1877 ; she was 
born in Indiana ; he has three children by 
a former marriage — Mary A., Sebbens 
and Sherman F. Mrs. Bush has one 
child by a former marriage — Blanche E. 
Doty. 

Bush, L., far., S. 1(3 ; P. 0. Liscomb. 

BEATY, P. !>., farmer, Sec. 14 ; P. 
0. Liscomb; born in Knox Co., Ohio, 
in March, 183U ; came to this county in 
1854; owns 160 acres of land. Has 
held the offices of Town Trustee and 
School Director. He married Miss Ann 
Braddock in 1848 ; she was born in 
Knox Co., Ohio ; have one son — Silas 
M. He came to Towa by his own con- 
veyance, and for a table he took a part 
of his wagon box to make one and used 
rails to make his bedsteads. 

Becker, J. M., far., Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Lis- 
comb. 

Beeson, R. B., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Albion. 

Beeson, B. A., Marshalltown. 

BEEISOX, SAMUEL,, retired 
farmer, Liscomb ; born in Ohio in 1815 ; 
came to this State in 1854, and to this 
county in 1855 ; owns 200 acres of 
land. Has served as President of the 
Board of Supervisors, and of the School 
Board, and Justice of the Peace for 
many years. He married Miss Martha 
Smith in 1837 ; she was born in Beaver 
Co., Penn.; has ten children — Byron A. 
Sarah A., Wilson B., Annie E., Rachel 
A., Susan A., Chalkley M., Lewis J., 
Mary A., Laura V., Byron A. and Wil- 
son B. Enlisted in the service of his 
country in the late war ; the latter was 
taken prisoner and confined in Ander- 
sonville and at Florence and suffered all 
that man could suffer and live. 

Berry, J., far.. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Benford, S., Jr., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Albion. 

Boyd, W. D., farmer, Liscomb. 

Bueghly, D., far., S. 11 ; P. O. Liscomb. 

Butterbaugh, J. W., far., Sec. 13 ; P. 0. 
Liscomb. 

CAEHOUX, «. W., farmer, S. 14 ; 
P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in Bedford 
Co., Penn., in 1834 ; came to this 
couiity in 1864 ; owns 320 acres. Has 
served as School Director. He married 
Miss Martha JacoVjs in 1855 ; she was 
burn in Alleghany Co., Md.; has four 



children — Zilpha E., J. Scott, Albion 
B. and Ivy B.; lost one son — Will- 
iam H, 
CHADWICK, R., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. 
Liscomb. 

COUETER, SAMUEE, far., Sec. 
14; P. O. Liscomb; born in Mercer 
Co., Penn., Nov. 14, 1825; came to 
this county March 28, 1855 ; owns 240 
acres of land. He married Maria Bash 
June 13, 1848; she was born in West- 
moreland Co., Penn.; has eleven chil- 
dren — Francis M., Emily R., Priscilla 
Jerusha, Moses, Aaron, JuHa, Louisa, 
Uriah L., Florence and Laura M. 

Cross, C, laborer, Liscomb. 

DAWSON, GEORGE, retired farmer, 
S. 23 ; P. O Liscomb. 

BARIVER, J. H., minister and deal- 
er in general merchandise, Liscomb ; 
born in Ohio, in 1841 ; came to this 
county in March, 1878. He was li- 
censed to preach in 1862, and ordained 
in 1863. He married Miss M. Wood- 
row in 1861 ; she was born in Penn.syl- 
vania ; has seven children — Mary E., 
William H., Martha J., George W., Ida 
M., Charles S. and Baby. 

DETRICK, J. J., restaurant and 
confectionery, Liscomb ; born in Ohio 
in 1833; came to this county in 1855. 
He enlisted in the 13th Iowa V. I., and 
served until the regiment was mustered 
out, and was in the battles of Kenesaw 
Mountain, Atlanta and many others and 
in Sherman's march to the sea. He 
married Miss Sophronia Kellogg in 
1855 ; she was born in Ohio Doc. 26, 
1830 ; has seven children living — Het- 
tie J., born Feb. 0, 1856; Mary L., 
born Aug. 20, 1859; Sylvan E., born 
June 29, 1866 ; Leon 0., born Aug. 9, 
1869 ; Minnie E., born Feb. 6, 1872 ; 
Viola A., born Nov. 6, 1876; Freddie, 
born April 6,1878; lost three — Frankie, 
died Dee. 5, 1861 ; George W., died 
March 10, 1862; Jesse E., died June 
6, 1864. 

DINNEE, E., retired farmer, Liscomb ; 
born in Jefferson Co., Tenn., in 1821 ; 
he removed with his parents to White 
Co., 111., in 1834, and came to this coun- 
ty in 1852 ; spent two years in Califor- 
nia ; he owns 307 acres of land. He 
married Miss Eliza J. Cain in 1845; .she 
was born in White Co., 111., and died in 



582 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



1873; he ufterward married Harriet 
Houland in 1876 ; she was born in Ohio ; 
has seven children — John, Susan, Nancy, 
Greorge, William, Caroline and Mary. 
Dunn. W., carpenter, Liseomb. 

EARLEY, H, W., livery stable, Lis- 
eomb. 

Early, J., Sr., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Liseomb. 

Ernes, E. B., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Liseomb. 

EMERY, S. A., Postmaster, Jiis- 
comb ; born in Carroll, Chautauqua Co., 
N. Y., in 1840 ; came to this State in 
1869 ; hafi been engaged in general mer- 
chandising, and at present holds the 
office of Postmaster. He married Emily 
C. Martin in 1866 ; she was born in 
Allegheny Co., Penn.; has three children 
— Allen, Leroy and Mahlon. 

FOUCH, PETER, far. S. 11 ; P. 0. 
Liseomb. 

GARWOOl), G. W., farmer. Sec. 
24: ; P. O. Marshalltown ; born in Port- 
age Co., Ohio, in 1835 ; came to this 
county in April, 1868; owns 160 acres 
of land. Enlisted in the 12th 111. V. I. 
in the late war, and served three years 
and three months. He has held the of- 
fice of School Director and Justice of 
the Peace. He married Miss Susan 
Gould in 1869, she was born in New 
York ; has four children — Willie, Nor- 
ma, Harry and Baby. 

GEORGE, FRED., section boss, Lis- 
eomb. 

Gould, J. E., livery stable, Liseomb. 

Gray, R. B., carpenter, Liseomb. 

Green, Henry, lumber dealer. 

Green, H. M., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Liseomb. 

GRIFFITH, I. L-., farmer Sec. 20 ; 
P. 0. Albion; born in Washington Co., 
Penn., in 1820 ; came to this State in 
185-1, and to this county in 1855 ; owns 
160 acres of land. He married Mar- 
tha Grifiith in 1852 ; she was born in 
Ohio. 

HAUSER, JOHN, Sr., farmer, S. 17 ; 
P. 0. Liseomb. 
HAUSER, JOHN, JR., farmer, 
Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Albion ; born in Indi- 
ana in 1825 ; came to this county with 
his own team, and brought his milch 
cows with him ; he owns 686 acres of 
land all fenced. He married Miss Mary 
Arney in 1847 ; she was born in Indi- 
ana ; have eight children — George, 
Eliza, Sarah A., William, Wiley, Eu- 



dora, Lemert and Corena ; lost two — 
Luella and Caroline E. 

Herbert, W., billiard hall. 

HERRICK, W. H., raiser and dealer 
in thorough -bred Poland-China hogs ; 
P. 0. Liseomb ; was born in Brattle- 
boro. Vt., in 1816 ; he came to this 
county in 1869. (His grandfather was 
a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and 
his father a volunteer in the war of 
1812, and was one of the defenders at 
Sackett's Harbor.) He was four years 
Steward of the Poor Farm of Marshall Co., 
and when he assumed the office, it was 
run at a large expense to the county, 
and under his management it was made 
self supporting and a source of profit, 
besides large improvements in buildings,, 
fencing, and this, too, with double the 
number of inmates ; he one year sold 
forty-three hogs that averaged 518 lbs. ; 
he resigned his office greatly to the re- 
gret of the citizens and tax-payers of 
the county, and since that time has oc- 
cupied himself in raising thorough-bred 
Poland-China hogs, of which he 
always has a large stock of the choicest 
kind. He married Miss Amanda A, 
Burdick in 1843 ; she was born in Ver- 
mont, and died in April, 1860, leaving 
one child — Mary C. now the wife of 
Rev. Charles E. Hawkins, of Antwerp, 
N. Y. ; he afterward married Miss Al- 
thea Dewey in 1869 ; she was born in 
New York ; her father was also a soldier 
in the war of 1812. 

HICirCjrINS, J., farmer and stock 
raiser. Sec. 31, Felix Tp., Grundy Co. ; 
P. 0. Liseomb ; born in Henry Co., 
Ind., in 1833 ; he lived in Washington, 
and Mahaska counties this State, pre- 
vious to his removal to Hardin Co., 
where his father was the first settler ; he 
owns 551 acres of land, mostly in Mar- 
shall and Grundy Counties. He mar- 
ried Elizabeth J. Davis in 1857; she 
was born in Tennessee, and died on 
Dec. 6, 1871 ; he afterward married 
Ella Middletcn June 21, 1875 ; she was 
born in Owen Co., Ind. ; have nine 
children — Mary M., William A., Samuel 
M., Joseph L., Sarah A., Thomas F.,. 
James D., Jesse E. and Charles F. ; 
lost two. 

HOBSON, S. C, homoeopathic phy- 
sician, Liseomb ; born in Iowa in 1849 ; 



LISCOMB TOWNSHIP. 



58a 



came to this county in 1875 ; owns forty 
acres of land. He married Miss Clara M. 
Owens in 1877; she was born in Iowa. 

Hopkins, C. M., laborer, Liscomb. 

Howland, C. D., real estate dealer. 

JOHNSON, J., far., S. 16; P. 0. Lis- 
comb. 

KELLY, A., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Lis- 
comb. 

KOONTZ, EZRA, farmer. Sec. 21 ; 
P. 0. Albion ; born in Maryland in 
1831 ; came to this county July 10, 
1871; owns 160 acres of land; has 
served as president of the School Board 
and Director. He married Miss High- 
ley Shaw in 1854 ; she was born in 
Alleghany Co., Md. ; have ten children 
— Harry T., William F., Joseph M., 
Ezra E., Mary J., John S., Jacob C, 
George W., Exie L. and Charles F. 

KOOIVTZ, JOHN D., farmer. Sec. 
16; P. 0. Liscomb; born in Maryland 
in 1824: ; came to this county in June, 
1877; owns 160 acres of land. He 
married Cynthia Wright in 1869 ; she 
was born in Maryland ; have two chil- 
dren — Wilford C. and Edith, and one 
daughter by a previous marriage. 

LOUCKS, O., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Lis- 
comb. 

L-EFEVER, OSCAR T., farmer, 
Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Liscomb ; born in San- 
dusky Co., Ohio, in 1840 ; came to this 
county in May, 1876 ; owns 107 acres 
of land. He enlisted in the 9th Ohio 
V. C. in the late war, and served three 
years. He married Miss Platena Per- 
rin ; have three children — Roy, Blanche 
and Allie. 

LHAMOX, WIL.LIAM, farmer, 
Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Liscomb ; born in Knox 
Co., Ohio, in 1841 ; came to this county 
in 1874; owns 120 acres of land. He 
married Mary F. Hildebrand in 1865; 
she was born in Ohio ; have seven chil- 
dren — Horace P., John W., Lucy V., 
Mertie I, Eva M., Mary and Frances. 

LOUCKS, J. D., farmer. Sec. 3 ; P. 
0. Liscomb ; born in New York in 
1846; came to this county in 1855; 
owns eighty acres of land. He put up 
the first house in the village of Liscomb. 
Was Postmaster. He married Miss 
Anna Clark in 1871 ; she was born in 
Pennsylvania ; have one child — Anna 
May ; lost one son — Freddie. He en- 



listed in the 6th Iowa V. C. during the 
war, and served until the regiment was 
mustered out. 

Lowe. D. C, clerk, Liscomb. 

L.YBARGER, A., farmer, Sec. 10 ; 
P. 0. Liscomb; born in Pennsylvania 
in 1829 ; came to this county in 1854 ; 
owns eighty acres of land. Has served 
as Town Trustee. He married Rachel 
Spindler in 1852 ; she was born in Penn- 
sylvania ; have three children — Emily 
F., William R. and Charles J. 

McMAHON, A. W., farmer. Sec. 10 ; 
P. 0. Liscomb. 

McKIBBEX, JOHTlf, farmer. Sec. 
19; P. 0. Albion; born in Knox Co., 
Ohio, in 1837 ; came to this county in 
1860; owns 360 acres of land. Has 
held the office of Town Trustee. He 
was the first person to enlist in the late 
war, in this vicinity, and was rejected on 
account of the loss of a thumb. He 
married Miss Rebecca Dennis in 1866 ; 
she was born in Knox Co., Ohio ; have 
four children — Anna, Harlan, Mary El- 
len and DeLoss. 

Maulsby, L., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

MARTIN, W., banker and dealer in 
general merchandise, Liscomb ; born in 
Ohio in 1849 ; came to this State in 
1870. He married Miss Mary Butt in 
1871 ; she was born in Ohio ; have 
three children — Alice, Pearl, Farinda. 

MARSH, MII.TON, farmer and 
fruit grower, Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Albion ; 
born in Columbiana Co., Ohio, in 1809 ; 
came to this county in 1854; owns 
eighty acres of land, well improved and 
one of the most attractive places in the 
county ; the shade trees and groves are 
all of his own planting, and have at- 
tained a most remarkable growth since 
planted ; he has the largest vineyard in 
the county. Has held the office of 
School Director. He married EHza 
Griffith in 1833 ; she was born in Wash- 
ington Co., Penn.; have two children — 
Orlando R. and Joel L. 

MARSH, ORI. AXDO R., farmer. 
Sec. 20; P. 0. Albion; born in Wash- 
ington Co., Penn., in 1838 ; came to 
this county in 1854. He married Miss 
Julia A. Clark in 1860 ; she was born 
in Indiana ; have three children — Eli 
A., Elmer J. and Llewellyn G. 



584 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



MEIiICK, R. W., farmer and stock 
rai.ser, Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Liscomb ; born in 
Knox Co., Ohio, in February, 1837 ; 
came to this State in 1868, and to this 
county in 1871 ; owns 198 acres of 
land. He married Miss S. E. Dennis 
in 1862; she was born in Ohio ; has 
three children — George E., Woodward 
D. and Hattie V. 

MEYERS, ISAAC, farmer, Sec. 1 ; 
P. 0. Liscomb ; born in East Tennessee 
in 1819 ; came to this county in 1849, 
but came to the State in 1848 ; he owns 
320 acres of land. Has held offices of 
Town Trustee. School Director and Jus- 
tice of the Peace. He married Miss 
Catharine Trease in 1841 ; she was born 
in Tennessee ; has nine children — James, 
Jesse, Thomas, Samuel, David, Nelson, 
Caroline M., Nervesta C. and Sarah A. 

JIEYERS, J. C, grocer, Liscomb ; 
born in Tennessee in 1842 ; came to 
this county in 1849 ; he broke a portion 
of the prairie where Marshalltown now 
stands. Has held offices of Town Clerk, 
City Councilman, and is Mayor of the 
city. He enlisted in the Iowa V. I., 
and served three years and ten months, 
and was in all of the battles in which 
the regiment was engaged. He married 
Miss Mary C. Gateley in 1866 ; she 
was born in Iowa ; has five children — 
Ida B., Eva v., Nettie M., William R. 
and Frank I. 

Miller, Gustave, Liscomb. 

Miller, H. A., lab., Liscomb. 

MOFFATT, FRED P., druggist 
and dealer in paints, oils, glass and 
druggists' sundries, Liscomb ; born in 
New York in 1849 ; came to this county 
in 1869. He married Miss Jennie 
Swearingen in 1870; she was born in 
Indiana; has three children — Mildred 
J., Bruce F. and Cady J. 

Morgan. H., lab., Liscomb. 

^f ELSON, HANS, coal dealer, Lis- 

_L^ comb. 

NEFF, H. O., farmer, S. 20 ; P. 0. 
Albion ; born in Champaign Co., Ohio, 
in 1S34 ; came to this county Oct. 9, 
1850 ; owns ninety-seven acres of land 
in this county and 120 acres in Guthrie 
County ; has held office of Assessor and 
School Director. He married Miss 
Nancy Arney June 7, 1861 ; she was 
born in Owen Co., Ind.; has two adopt- 



ed children — Cary H. and Rosetta W. 
Nickle, Geo., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Liscomb. 
►AGE, WM., lab., Liscomb. 



P 



PATTOX, T. W., blacksmith, Lis- 
comb ; born in Indiana in 1839 ; came 
to this county in 1854. Has held office 
of School Director. He married Miss 
Harriet J. Price in 1867 ; she was born 
in Iowa ; has two children — Nettie and 
Frank. He served in the 46th Ind. V. 
I., and in the Artillery service, four 
years in the late war. 

Parnell, D. T., lab., Liscomb. 

PERRIN, E., former, S. 21 ; P. 0. 
Albion ; born in Luzerne Co., Penn., in 
1832 ; came to this State in 1859 ; 
owns 400 acres. He married Miss Mary 
Winter in 1855 ; she was born in Stark 
Co., 111. 

Presler, L. M., carpenter, Liscomb. 

PRICE, LARKED, farmer, S. 23 ; 
P. 0. Liscomb ; born in Franklin Co., 
Va., in 1819 ; came to this county Nov. 
20, 1853; previous to his coming to 
Iowa he lived in Mississippi and emi- 
grated to Jo Daviess Co., 111., in 1858, 
and from Mercer Co., 111., in 1850, he 
went overland to California, where he 
remained three years. Has held office 
of School Director and Assessor. Owns 
221 acres of land. He married Miss 
Sarah A. Dawson in 1844 ; she was 
born in Crawford Co., Ind.; has seven 
children — Harriet J., Sarah E., Larkin 
F., Luella, William H., Roena and Le 
Roy ; lost two — Isaac T. and Clara J. 

RALLS, J. L.,far., S. 2; P. O. Lis- 
comb. 

Ralls, N. F., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Liscomb. 

Rolston, I. B., grain dealer, Liscomb. 

llolston, S. H., far., S. 12 ; P. O. Liscomb. 

ROSEWKRAXTZ, A. J., former. 
Sec. 3 ; P. O. Liscomb ; born in Orange 
Co., N. Y., in 1828 ; came to this State 
in 1868, and to this county in April, 
1875 ; owns 200 acres of land. He 
married Mary Shannon in 1875 ; she 
was born in Knox Co., Ohio; have five 
children — William, Jacob, Horace Henry 
and Laura. 

QCOTT, A. P., wagon maker, Liscomb. 

Shaler, S. C, far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Liscomb. 
Shepherd, J. T., far., S. 24; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 



LISCOMB TOWNSHIP. 



585 



Spear, W., butclier, Liscomb. 

Specht, J., far., S. 13; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Specht, N., far., S. 13; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Stahl, J., laborer, Liscomb. 

Stiano;, R., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Liscomb. 

Stark^ J. D., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Liscomb. 

Strong, W., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Liscomb. 

TAPPS, F., farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. 
Marshalltown ; born in Germany in 
1823 ; came to America in 1855, and 
to this county in 1867 ; owns 160 acres 
of land. He married Rosa Brobst in 
1835 ; she was born in Germany ; have 
seven children — August Carrie, Henry, 
Mena, William, Frederick and John. 
He enlisted in the 47th Wis. V. I., in 
the late war, and served until the regi- 
ment was mustered out. 
THATCHER, J., far., S. 12; P. 0. 
Liscomb. 

Thurber, A. E., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Liscomb. 

Trease, E. H., carpenter, Liscomb. 

Trease, J. P., carpenter, Liscomb. 

Tripp, David, lumber dealer, Liscomb. 

TRIPP, J. W., retired farmer, Lis- 
comb ; born in Onondaga Co., N. Y., 
Nov. 19, 1824; came to this county 
in May, 1855 ; owns forty acres of 
land. He was one of the four that 
brought the first printing press in Mar- 
shall Co., and with Thomas J. Wilson 
as editor, published at Albion the Iowa 
Central Journal; this paper became 
what is now the Marshall Times. He 
has held the office of Justice of the 
Peace, and laid out the town of Lis- 
comb. He married Mrs. Betsey Suss- 
milch in 1873 ; she was born in New 
York ; has one adopted son — Charles. 
Mrs. Tripp has five children by former 
maiTiage — Charles F., Hattie W., 
Henry G., Alice C. and Frederick M. 
Sussmilch. 

Tripp, R. 0., restaurant, Liscomb. 

T"T PDYKE. MARTIN C. far., S. 6 ; 
U p. 0. Liscomb. 

IXERY, X., far., S. 24; P. O. 
Liscomi) , born in Greene Co., Penn., 
in 1837; he came to this county Nov. 
4. 1854 ; owns 40 acres of land. Has 
served as President and Secretary of 
the School Board. He married Miss 
0. E. Mitchell Nov. 12, 1803; she 
was born in New York : have four chil- 



dren — Eugene, John L., Annettie A. 
and Arthur J. His father brought the 
first threshing machine and separator 
into the county. 

YAN PELT, A., ftirmer, Sec. 4 ; P. 
0. Edenville. 
Vanslyke, J. V., far., S. 9; P. 0. Liscomb. 
TT/ALDOW GEORGE W., Bangor. 

Waldon, L., far., S. 10 ; P. O. Albion. 
Walter, J, W., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 
Weatherly, Geo., far., Liscomb. 
Weatherly, J. Cal., far.. Sec. 

WEATHERIiY, TIMOTHl , 

far.,S. 13; P. O. Liscomb ; born in Indi- 
ana in 1829 ; came to this county in 
1852 ; owns 174 acres. He married 
Catharine Hauser in 1852 ; she was 
born in Indiana ; have eight children — 
Melissa, David, George, Ada, John, 
Foster, Sarah and Eliza ; lostt hree. 

WHISfERY, J. S., far., S. 22 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown ; born in Columbiana 
Co., Ohio, in 1839 ; came to this county 
in Oct., 1866 ; owns 110 acres of land. 
Has held the office of Town Trustee. 
He enlisted in the 104th Ohio V. I. in 
the late war, and served three years. 
He married Caroline Bennett in 1866 ; 
she was born in the same county ; have 
two children — Elizabeth M. and Martha 
I. ; lost two sons. 

WHITACRE, E. D., physician, 
Liscomb ; born in Lycoming Co., Penn., 
in 1842; came to this State in 1852, 
and to this county in 1873. Has prac- 
ticed medicine ten years. He married 
Miss Eliza Hauser in 1871; she was 
born in this county; has one child — 
Edwin H. 

Whitehead, B., mason, Liscomb. 

Willetts, J., coal and lime dealer, Liscomb. 

Williams, Alfred, farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. 
Marshall. 

Williams, E. N., farmer, Sec. 23 ; P. 0. 
Marshall. 

WILLIAMS, F. H., farmer. Sec. 
7 ; P. 0. Albion ; born in Rutland Co., 
Vt., in 1840 ; came to this county in 
1864 ; owns sixty acres ; has held office 
of Town Clerk. He married Josie L. 
Bruce in 1 863 ; she was born in Essex 
Co., N. t^ ; has one child— Guy T. 

Williams, S. H.. farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. 
Marshall. 



586 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



WIL.SOX, H. H., farmer, Sec. 1 ; 
P. 0. Liscomb ; born in Belmont Co., 
Ohio, in 1829 ; came to this county 
June 27, 1863 ; owns 175 acres ; has 
served as Town Trustee and President 
of the School Board. He married Miss 
Phebe Van Voorhisin September, 1850; 



she was born in Crawford Co., Ohio; 
has five children — Albin L., Martha H., 
Charles V., Mary E. and William I. 

Windish, J. D., for, S. 1 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Winter, S. A., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Liscomb. 

Withey, N. 0., shoemaker, Liscomb. 



EDEN TOWNSHIP. 



BAIER, JOHN, far., S. 26; P. 0. 
Edenville. 

BAKER, JOSEPH, firmer, Sec. 
27 ; P. O. Edenville ; born Oct. 20, 
1830, in Muskingum Co., Ohio ; in 
1855, came to Scott Co., Iowa, then 
to Louisa Co., then to Wisconsin ; 
in 1855, went to California ; in 186-1, re- 
turned to Scott Co.; in 1865, came to 
Marshall Co., Iowa; in 1877, came to 
his present farm ; owns 440 acres of 
land, valued at $30 per acre. Married 
Mary Tiffin Nov. 6, 3 864; she was 
born July 18, 1846, in Ohio; had 
seven children, five living — William D., 
Clara J., Maryetta, George E. and Sam- 
uel H. 

BAKER, STEWARD, farmer, S. 
28 ; P. 0. Edenville ; born April 5, 
1836, in Knox Co., Ohio; in 1855, 
came to Cedar Co., Iowa ; in 1856, re- 
moved to Marshall Co., Iowa; in 1866, 
came to his present farm ; owns 120 
acres of land, valued at $25 per acre. 
Married Mary Beal, Feb. 10, 1858 ; she 
was born Dec. 5, 1832, in Beaver Co., 
Penn.; they have four children — Nellie, 
Loe, Dot and Bub. Enlisted in Co. K, 
13th I. V. I., in 1864; served to the end 
of the war. Is Secretary of the School 
Board and Township Trustee. 

Ball, B. F., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Edenville. 

Barber, J., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

Barkhurst, J., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Edenville. 

Beltz, H. C, far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Edenville. 

BARTI.ETT, EMILY T., 
MRS., daughter of Joseph Weeks 
and widow of Zenas L. Bartlett, S. 20 ; 
P. O. Edenville ; he was born April 3, 
1820, in Soniers, Conn. Enlisted in 
1861, in Co. H, 13th L V. I., and died 
in Jackson, Tenn., Aug. 31, 1861, for 
which she receives a pension from the 



government of $8.00 per month. She 
was born Feb. 7, 1817, in New Hamp- 
shire; they removed to Marshall Co., 
Iowa, in 1856 ; had three children, two 
living— Charles H. and Flora L. (now 
JMrs. Jas. B. Vanpelt, ), with whom she 
now lives. 

BEAR, JOHX, farmer, S. 21 ; P. 0. 
Edenville ; born Jan. 25, 1821, in Baden, 
Germany; in 1846, came to Pennsylva- 
nia ; in 1847, removed to Ohio ; then to 
Richmond, Ind.; in 1851, returned to 
Philadelphia ; in 1853, removed to New 
York ; in 1861, traveled with the Amer- 
ican Circus for six months ; then re- 
turned to New York; in 1862, removed 
to Hilton Head, S. C; in 1865, returned 
to New York ; then went to Germany ; 
the same year came to Bucks Co., Penn.; 
in 1866, came to his present farm. 
Married Lizzie Bechtel in July 1868 ; 
she was born in 1835, in Germany ; has 
four children, three living — John, David, 
Daniel and John. 

BLINK, JOSEPH, farmer, S. 22 ; 
P. 0. Edenville ; born March 29, 1834, 
in Germany ; in 1 852, came to De Kalb 
Co., 111.; in 1860, came to Eden Tp.; 
owns 550 acres of land, valued at $35 
per acre. Married Margaret Halter Feb. 
18, 1858 ; she was born July 15, 1836, 
in France ; they have nine children — 
George, Rosa, Lewis, Anna, Albert, Leo- 
pold, Clara, Martin and Ida. Is School 
Director and Road Supervisor. Mem- 
bers of the Catholic Church. 

BREUXIG, JOSEPH, farmer, S. 
21, P. O, Edenville; born Feb. 2, 1827, 
in Baden, Germany ; in 1851, came to 
Chicago ; in 1857, removed to De Kalb 
Co., 111.; in 1860, came to his present 
farm ; owns 495 acres of land, valued at 
$30 per acre. Married Catharine Blink 



EDEN TOWNSHIP. 



587 



Oct. 7, 1852; she was born April 27, 

1830, in Baden, Grermany; they have 
eight children — Clara, Lena, Henry, 
John and Lizzie ftwins), Maggie, Jacob 
and Lucy. Is School Treasurer and 
Director. Are members of the Catholic 
Church. 

Burger, J. H., blacksmith, Edenville. 

C APRON, N., for., S. 16 ; P. 0. Eden- 
ville. 

Casey, M., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Edenville. 

€H AMBERL. AIN, D. P., farmer. 
Sec. 36 ; P. 0. State Centre ; owns 
eighty acres of land, valued at $25 per 
acre; born Jan. 16, 1825, in Livingston 
Co., N. Y.; in 1836, came to Washte- 
naw Co., Mich.; in 1841, came to Dex- 
ter, Mich. ; in 1852, went to California ; 
in 1856, returned to Dexter, Mich. ; in 
1858, came to Kalamazoo Co. ; in 1867, 
removed to Marshall Co., Iowa ; in 1870, 
came to his present farm. He married 
Elizabeth R. Dustin Jan. 24, 1863 ; she 
was born March 18, 1841, in Wheelock 
Co., Vt. ; have five children — Estella 
J., Byron P., Albert F., George M. and 
William H. Are members of the Church 
of God. 

CHAPMAN, JAMES, farmer. Sec. 
33 ; P. 0. Edenville ; born April 5, 

1831, in England ; in 1835, came to 
New York ; in 1 849, came to Janes- 
ville. Wis. ; in 1851, came to Kalama- 
zoo, Mich.; in 1852, removed to White 
Pigeon, Mich. ; in 1853, came to Val- 
paraiso, Ind. ; in 1856, removed to 
Shelby Co., 111. In 1861, enlisted in 
Co. F, 54th 111. V. I., and served until 
March 1, 1865; he then returned to 
Valparaiso, Ind. ; in 1868, came to Chi- 
cago, and in 1870, removed to Marshall 
Co., Iowa, and to his present farm in 
1871 ; owns 160 acres of land. Mar- 
ried S. E. Garis June 19, 1854 ; she 
was born Sept. 29, 1837, in Ashtabula 
Co., Ohio ; have six children, five of 
whom are living — James L., Minnie M. 
L., Willie R., Harry J. and Irene A. ; 
lost Lee in 1874, aged five months and 
seventeen days. He is Township As- 
sessor. 

CHESHIRE, ALBERT, farmer. 
Sec. 16; P. 0. Edenville; born March 
16, 1839, in Franklin Co., Ohio; in 
1841, came to Ogle Co., 111., with his 
parents ; in 1848, returned to Ohio ; in 



1860, returned to Ogle Co. ; in 1866, 
removed to his present farm ; owns 120 
acres of land, valued at S25 per acre. 
Married Elizabeth Graham in 1861 ; she 
was born Feb. 12, 1841, and died May 

I, 1873; has three children, two of 
whom are living — Ida M. and Charles 
A. ; second marriage to Salinda J. 
Chamberlin Dec. 24, 1873 ; she was 
born May 29, 1848, in New Hampshire ; 
have one child, born June 11, 1878. 

Clark, M., far., S. 22; P. 0. Edenville. 
Cole, R., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Edenville. 
Conkle, G., retired, Edenville. 
Cunningham, D. C, for., S. 7; P. 0. 
Edenville. 

DATJGHERTY, J., carpenter, Eden- 
ville. 
DAHLAM HENRY, former. Sec. 
35 ; P. 0. State Center ; born March 
13, 1813, in Bavaria, Germany ; in 1852, 
came to New York ; then to Freeport, 
111. ; in 1869, came to his present farm ; 
owes 160 acres of land, valued at $25 
per acre. Married Susanna Wogt June 
7, 1842 ; she was born March 12, 1823, 
in Bavaria, Germany ; have three chil- 
dren — Catherine, Elizabeth and Abra- 
ham. Are members of the Lutheran 
Church. 

ELDER, D. A., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. 
Edenville. 
Estabrook, far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Eden- 
ville. 
FIELD, F., for., S. 19 ; P. 0. Eden- 
ville. 
FILER, ALBERT, former ; P. 
Edenville ; was born in Canada May 5 
1827. Married Miss Barbara Steven 
son in Fulton Co., 111., Dec. 11, 1853 
she was born in Ohio June 29, 1839 
they moved to this county in 1866 
their children are John S., born Sept 

II, 1854 ; Mary C, born June 23 
1857 ; she married D. T. Hall June 
28, 1875 ; Charles Henry, born Feb. 
16, 1858 ; Franklin, born Dec. 22, 

• 1859: Marsiaret Anna, born May 12, 

1863; George, born Oct. 8, 1864; 

James Albert, born July 16, 1869. Mr. 

Filer owns eighty acres of land. He is 

a Republican in politics. 
Flora, J. W., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Edenville. 
Fowler, F., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Edenville. 
Fox, J. D., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Edenville. 
Frances, J., for., S. 16 ; P. 0. Edenville. 



588 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



aARIS, JOSEPH, carpenter, Eden- 
ville. 
Gauch, A., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Edenville. 
Girton, W. S.,f\ir., S. 1 ; P. 0. Edenville. 
GOODMAN, JONEPH, farmer, 
See. 22 ; P. Edenville ; burn Jan. 6, 

1827, in Baden, Germany; in 1848, 
came to Philadelphia ; in 1850, removed 
to Chicago ; in 1863, came to his pres- 
ent farm ; owns 455 acres, valued at 825 
per acre. Married Clara Blink in April, 
1853; she was born in August, 1828, in 
Baden, Germany ; had ten children, six 
living — Catharine, John W., Joseph C, 
Mary M., Charles A. and Elizabeth C. 
Has been School Director three years 
and Secretary of the School Board two 
years. 

li^RlJBER, JOSEPH, farmer, Sec. 
2G ; P. 0. Edenville ; born March 22, 

1828, in Baden Germany; in 1852, 
came to New York ; the same year, re- 
moved to Canada; in 1853, came to 
Chicago; in 1869, came to Marshall Co., 
Iowa; in 1873, removed to his present 
farm ; owns eighty acres, valued at §35 
per acre. Married Catharine Briunig 
Aug. 15, 1855; she was born in 1829 
in Baden, Germany ; have four children- 
Catharine, Maggie, Mary and Josephine. 
Are members of the Catholic Church. 

CtJUL.de, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 35; 
P. 0- State Centre ; born July 1 5, 1827, 
in Wurtemberg, Germany ; in 1854, 
came to New York ; thence went to New 
Orleans; in 1855, came to Chicago; 
then removed to Be Kalb Co., III.; in 
1860, came to Marshall Co., Iowa; in 
1869, removed to his present farm ; 
owns 340 acres, valued at S35 per acre. 
Married Magdalina Blink March 29, 
1858; she was born June 28, 1839, in 
Baden, Germany ; have six children — 
Mary E., Clara C, Emma C, Frank L., 
Henry J. and George E. Are members 
of the Catholic Church. 

HALE, J. F., farmer. Sec. 23 ; P. 0. 
Edenville. 
HAIXES, XATHAX, former, Sec. 
9; P. 0. Edenville; born Aug. 15, 
1834, in La Porte Co., Ind.; in June, 
1863, removed to Black Hawk Co., Iowa ; 
the same year, came to Marshall Co., 
Iowa; owns 120 acres of land, valued 
at S50 per acre. Married Lydia A. 
Beese March 4, 1863 ; she was born 



July 8, 1841, in Stark Co., Ohio ; have 
four children — Eliza L., Mary E., De'la 
F. and Leonora A. Mrs. H. is a mem- 
ber of the M. E. Church. 

HAINES, WILLIAM A., farm 
er, Sec. — ; P. 0. Edenville ; born Feb. 
26, 1826, in Greene Co., Ohio ; in 1830, 
came to La Porte Co., Ind., with his 
parents ; in 1863, came to Marshall Co., 
Iowa ; he owns twenty-eight acres of 
land and four lots and house in Eden- 
ville. Married Martha Makimson May 
29, 1862; she was born March 24, 
1826, in Tuscarawas Co., Ohio. 

Halter, L.. far., S. 13 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

HARMON, J. A., former. Sec. 16; 
P. 0. Edenville; born Oct. 6, 1831, in 
Richmond, Ind. ; in 1832, came to 
Tazewell Co., 111., with his parents, then 
came to Kendall Co., then to De Kalb 
Co., and in 1852, went to California ; in 
1856, came to Marshall Co., Iowa ; he 
owns 160 acres of land, valued at 840 
per acre. Married Miriam Hummel 
Oct. 8, 1860 ; she was born Jan. 10, 
1840, in De Kalb Co., 111. ; have two 
children — Alfred L. and Henry E. Mr. 
H. has held about all the township offices. 

Haver, W., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Edenville. 

Huges, T. J., laborer, Edenville. 

Hyatt, B., for., S. 3 ; P. 0. Edenville. 

JOHNSON, J. W., former. Sec. 

O 34 ; P. 0. Edenville ; born July 14, 
1822, in Jennings Co., Ind. ; in 1837, 
came to Camden Co., Mo. ; in 1836, 
came to Marshall Co., Iowa ; owns 240 
acres, valued at $30 per acre. Married 
Sarah E. Fraseur in February, 1 852 ; 
she was born in April, 1836, in Cedar 
Co., Iowa ; she is a daughter of Benja- 
min Fraseur, of Cedar Co., who died in 
1876, aged 80 years ; have five chil- 
dren — Dora, William, Benjamin, George 
and Dollie. 

KAISER, CHARLES, far., S. 35; 
P. 0. Edenville. 

Kesler, M., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Edenville. 

Kelly, G. W., for., S. 7 ; P. 0. Edenville. 

Kelly, H. F., for., S. 7 ; P. 0. Edenville. 

KENNEDY, JAMES, farmer. Sec. 
33 ; P. 0. Edenville ; born Sept. 10, 
1830, in Ireland ; in 1843, came to 
Canada; in 1851, came to Watertown, 
N. Y. ; then returned to Canada ; in 
1865, removed to Chicago; in 1872, 
came to his present farm ; owns eighty 



EDEN TOAVNSHIP. 



589 



acres, valued at $20 per acre. Married 
Mary A. McMahan Feb. 22, 1858 ; she 
was born Feb. 21, 1841, in Canada; 
have seven children — David J., James 
A., William D., George H., Alice M., 
Frank and Martha J. 
Kirkpatrick, T. A., S. 9 ; P. 0. Edenville. 

LEOFFLER, F., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. 
Edenville. 
LACEY, JOSEPH, retired, Eden- 
ville ; born April 15, 180(1, in New 
York ; when an infant he came with his 
parents to Fairfield Co., Conn ; in 1859, 
came to Marshall Co., Iowa ; in 18G5, 
came to their present home ; they own 
IS-! acres, also their honse and store and 
eight lots in Edenville. Mai-ried Mrs. 
M^ary Swartout, daughter of George 
Monlux, July 20, 1865 ; she was born 
Jan. 20, 1825, in Washington Co., 
Ohio ; she has five children by a former 
marriage — Pamilia F., Edgar P., Mel- 
vin L.^ Charles B. and Azro N. Swar- 
tout. Mr. Swartout enlisted in 1862, 
in Co. K, 23d Iowa V. I., and died 
Aug. IT, 1863, of a disease contracted 
in the army. Aaron A., enlisted in 
March, 1864, in the 32d Iowa V. L, 
died March 13, 1864. Mr. Lacy has 
been three years Postmaster. Are mem- 
bers of the M. E. Church. 

Luing, A., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Edenville. 

^/TcCLOSKY, M., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. 

_iVJL Edenville. 

Dakin, Mack, far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Edenville. 

Mead. E., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Edenville. 

MEYER, AGGE €., farmer, S. 
36; P. 0. State Centre; owns 160 
acres, valued at $25 per acre ; born Dec. 
15, 1844, in Hanover, Germany ; in 
1856, came to New York ; in 1857, he 
came to Freeport, 111 ; in 1869, he 
came to Eden Tp. Married Catharine 
Dahlem Jan. 15, 1867 ; she was born 
Oct. 25, 1844, in Bavaria, Germany; 
had seven children, five living — Henry, 
Bettie, Susan, Johanna and William. 
]Mr. Meyer is School Trustee and Di- 
rector. Are members of the German 
Reformed Church. 

MEYER, REINHARD, farmer, 
Sec. 26 ; P. O. State Centre ; was 
born March 3, 1840, in Germany; 
in 1857, he came to New York, 
then to Stephenson County, 111.; 
in 1877, he came to his present fivrm ; 



owns 160 acres, valued at S30 per acre. 
His father was born in Germany in 
1800, and died in Stephenson Co., 111., 
in 1865 ; his mother was born in 1812, 
and lives in Stephenson Co., 111. 

"VTASON, G. L., far., S. 12; P. 0. 

IN Edenville. 

Nason, W., far., S. 12: P. 0. Edenville. 

OGAX, GEORGE, Edenville; 
born Jan. 5, 1839, in Greene Co., 
Ohio ; in 1849, came to Bureau Co. 111.; 
in 1866, came to Marshall Co., Iowa; 
in 1872, removed to his present home; 
he owns a house and four lots in Eden- 
ville. Married Mary E. Vauthrin Dec. 
25, 1869 ; she was born in 1852 in Illi- 
nois ; have three children — Carrie E., 
Neva J. and Ira C. Mr. Ogan has 
been Constable. 

PARSONS, E. H., farmer, S. 29 ; P. 
• 0. Edenville. 

Pierpont, E., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Edenville. 

Pyle, Wm., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Edenville. 

-QHODES, ANTHONY, far., S. 9; 

JL\ p. 0. Edenville. 

Rhodes, J. D., far., Sec. 20; P. 0. Eden- 
ville. 

RHODES, J. M., far., S. 16; P. 
0. Edenville ; born Aug. 10, 1838, i;) 
De Kalb Co., Ill; in 1853, he came to 
Marshall Co., and removed to his pre.s- 
tnt farm in 1860; own 360 acres, val- 
ued at $30 per acre. Married Sarah ]M. 
Price Nov. 24, 1859 ; she was born May 
24, 1841, in De Kalb Co., Ill; have five 
children— Myra J., Carl B., Ethel L., 
CharUe P. and Ivan B. Has been a 
member of the Board of County Super- 
visors. ^ 

Roberts, J. T., far., S. 36; P. 0. State 

SAUNDERS, F. A., far., S. 33; P. 0. 
Edenville. 
SAXAUER, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 
15 ; P. 0. State Centre; born Jan. 1^0, 
1823, in Baden, Germany; in 1851, he 
came to Chicago ; in 1863, came to his 
present farm; owns 190 acres, valued 
at $30 per acre. Married Barbara 
Fisher in August, 1853 ; she was born 
in 1826, in France; died Feb. 25, 1868; 
had three children— John, William and 
Anna. Second marriage to Mary Myers 
Aug. 7, 1868 ; she was born in 1836, in 
Prussia, Ger.; have three children — Han- 
nah, Fred A. and Mary. Mrs. S. has 



590 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



S. 25; P. 0. State 



Sees. 3 and 4 ; P. 0. 



one daughter by a former marriage — 
Louisa. 

Schultz, J. D., far. 
Centre. 

Scobben, R. E., far. 
Edenville. 

SHRYOCK, GEORGE, farmer, 
Sec. 11; P. 0. Edenville ; born Aug. 
13, 1831, in Noblesville, Ind.; in 1863, 
came to Edenville, Iowa ; two yeans later 
he removed to Sec. 12 ; in 187-4, came 
to his present section ; owns 160 acres 
of land, valued at S25 per acre. ^larried 
Theodocia Holmes in April, 1856 ; she 
was born in May, 1840, in Hamilton 
Co., Ind.; had nine children, six living 
— Blanche, Ollie, Charlie, Bertha, Lulu 
and Lester. Are members of the M. E. 
Church. 

Somers, S. far., S. 17 ; P. 0. 

Sterner, C, far., S. 23 ; P.O. 

Stinbon, G. A., far., S. 29 ; 
ville. 

Stoltz, M., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. 

rpHORN, D. S., blacksmith, Edenville. 

THOMAS, L.. W., physician and 
surgeon, Edenville ; born Sept. 5,1845, 
in McHenry Co., 111.; in 1871, came to 
his present home ; he owns a house and 
lot in Edenville ; he commenced the 
^tudy of medicine in 1868, and graduated 
in the Spring of 1871, and has followed 



Edenville. 
Edenville. 
P. 0. Eden- 

Edenville. 



his profession since then. Married Alice 
I. Conkle May 27, 1877; she was born 
Mav 27, 1861, in Marshall Co., Iowa. 
Tuffree. J., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Edenville. 

VANDYKE, a. W., farmer, S. 3 ; P. 
0. Edenville. 
Van Pelt, J. B., far., S. 20 ; P.O. Edenville. 
Yanthrin, S., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Edenville. 

WADE, J. W., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. 
Edenville. 

Watts, J., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Edenville. 

Watts, T., far., S. 2 ; Edenville. 

Webster, L. A., carpenter, Edenville. 

Weeks, D., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Edenville. 

WHITE, ALFRED, firm of A. 
White ct Bro., general merchandise, 
Edenville ; born Feb. 20, 1837, in Law- 
rence Co., Ohio ; in 1849, came to Jones 
Co., Iowa; in 1856, removed to Davis 
Co., Mo.; in 1866, came to Jasper Co., 
Iowa; in 1873, removed to Edenville. 
Married Elizabeth Trussel June 20, 
1861 ; she was born Sept. 9, 1840, in 
Indiana ; have five children — Ada M., 
Mary E., John X., Yiola Y. and Alma 
R. Mr. W. is Postmaster. Is a mem- 
ber of the Latter Day Saints, and is an 
Elder of their Society. 

White, H., far., S. 14 : P. 0. EdenvUle. 

Willson, Thomas, carpenter, Edenville. 

YAOER, JOHN, farmer, S. 26 ; P. 
0. Edenville. 




LE GRAND TOWNSHIP. 



591 



LE GRAND TOWNSHIP. 



ADAIR, JAMES, laborer; P. O. Le 
Graud. 

Albrioht, G., for.; P. 0. Quarry. 

AI.OIAN, JESSE, far., Sec. 9; P. 
0. Le Grand ; owns eighty acres of land, 
valued at $50 per acre ; born April 8, 
1822, in Columbiana Co.. Ohio ; his 
parents moved into Stark Co., in 1825 ; 
he came from there to Iowa in 1850 ; 
stopped at Iowa City until the Spring of 
1852; came to Le Grand Tp. and set- 
tled on Sec. 13. The town of Le Grand 
was laid out that year partly on his fa- 
ther's land; there were then about a half 
dozen families in this township. Maren 
go, in Iowa Co., was their nearest post 
office, twenty-three miles distant, and 
only an occasional settler. Married Es- 
ther W. Haines Nov. 2, 1848, in Ohio ; 
she was born March 17, 1825 ; they 
have three children — Leanna J., Sarah 
M. and Chakley W., all of whom are 
still at home. Members of Friends' 
Church ; Republican. 

Allman, John, retired farmer, Sec. 13. 

ARXOL.D, RICHARD, Le Grand, 
dealer in fancy groceries, fruits, house 
plants, etc.; also express agent and Nota- 
ry Public, which position he has held for 
twelve yeai-s ; was born in Wood Co., 
West Va., Aug. 31, 1822; his parents 
moved to Washington Co., Ohio, when 
he was about 1 year old. Came to Linn 
Co., Iowa, in the Fall of 1856, and to 
Marshall Co. in 1858; settled in Mari- 
etta ; came to Le Grand in 1864, where 
he has since resided. Was married to 
Elizabeth Kesler Sept. 10, 1845 ; she 
died March 22, 1857, leaving husband 
and four children to mourn her loss — 
William K., AlonzoB., Levi G. and Rox- 
ena ; again married Catharine Glass- 
have, by whom he has five chil- 
dren — Jacob B., George, Ora M., and 
Oscar ; lost one, Elizabeth. Mr. Ar- 
nold is a member of the Order of A., F. 
k A. M. Republican. 

Arnold, Joseph, stoiu' mason. Le Grand. 

AVSTIX, THOMAS D., farmer, 
and proprietor of Spring Valley Farm, S. 
7 ; P. O. Marshalltown ; owns 360 acres 
of land, valued at S45 per acre; born 
Jan. 14, 1810, in Davie Co., N. C; re- 



mained there until Dec, 1830, when he 
moved to Cliutcm Co., Ohio, where he 
followed farming and carpenter and 
joiner work to some extent; came from 
thereto this county in the Fall of 1864, 
and on to his present fiirm in the Spring 
of 1865. He was married to Mary J. 
Austin in March, 1833, in Ohio ; she 
was born June 29, 1809, in Charleston, 
West Va., have five children living — 
Samuel J., Alexander M., Elsworth S., 
Lydia E. and Mary E. ; lost four — Will- 
iam F., Isabel A., Melinda E., Thomas 
J. Mr. Austin has been a member of 
the M. E. Church since 1832, and for 
many years has been a local minister in 
the Church ; Republican. 

B AIR, ALBERT, lightning rod dealer. 
Le Grand. 

BAER, JOHX C, farmer, S. 33 ; 
P. 0. Dillon ; owns 220 acres of land, 
valued at $30 per acre ; born Oct. 28, 
1815, in Bavaria, Germany; he learned 
the carpenter and joiner's trade in Ger- 
riany; he came to the United States in 
1839, and settled in Alleghany Co,, 
Md. ; worked at his trade there until 
1853, when he came to Iowa City, Iowa, 
where he continued working at his trade 
until he came to this county in 1869. 
and settled on his present farm. Married 
Anna Weigle in Iowa City, June 20. 
1843 ; she was born in Gei-many Oct. 
14, 1823 ; have twelve children living — 
Henry, George, Ann, Maggie, Barbara, 
Frederick, Hannah, Louisa, John, Kate.' 
William and Mary ; lost two — Lena and 
Mary. Members of the Lutheran Church; 
Democrat. 

Barker, Abel, carpenter, Le Grand. 

Banash, Jas., laborer. Quarry. 

Barton, S., laborer ; P. 0. Le Grand. 

Bean, J. L., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Le Grand. 

Reede, J., far. ; P. 0. Le Grand. 

BKl^EHICT, W.tJ., dealer in dry 
goods and general merchandise ; also, 
one of the proprietors of the Le Grand 
Mills, and dealer in real estate, lime, etc., 
Le Grand ; born in Monroe Co., Ohio, 
Jan. 10, 1833; came from there to 
this county in the Spring of 1857 ; has 
followed farming, stock and real estate 
business up to 1867, when he com- 

3 



592 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



menced the dry goods business. Mar- 
ried C. A. Youngs Oct. 6, 1859, in 
this county ; was born May 6, 1844, in 
Miami Co., Ohio; have four children — 
Wilford W., Susie L., Aretta M. and 
Charles V. Mr. Benedict has been one 
of the leading business men of Le 
Grand, which has been of great advan- 
tage to the town as well as of profit to 
himself. Republican. 
BENJAMIN, DWICJHT, far. 
Sec. 12; P. 0. Le Grand ; owns a 
farm of eighty acres, valued at $4,200 ; 
born Jan. 8, 1821, in Cortland Co., N. 
Y. ; he was left without a mother at the 
age of 1 1 years ; his father moved into 
Steuben Co. in 1848, and remained 
there three years ; afterward, he went to 
California, where he remained about two 
years, and then came to Whiteside 
County, Illinois ; was there about seven 
years; he then came to Lyons, Iowa, 
where he remained eight years ; he 
then came to this county, where he now 
lives. He was married to Lydia A. 
Head Feb. 15, 1845; she was born 
March 10, 1822, in Madison Co., N. 
Y. ; have one daughter — Carrie V., born 
Jan. 16, 18t!l. Baptist ; Republican 
in politics. 
Bentley, J. A., brick maker, Le Grand. 
Blodget, C. A., dealer in drugs, Le Grand. 
Boorash, J., lab.; P. 0. Quarry. 
Brand. A., far., S. 31 ; P. O. Dillon. 
Brand, G., far., S. HO ; P. 0. Dillon. 
BRATT, C. C, farmer, stock and 
real estate dealer ; P. O. Quarry ; owns 
320 acres of land in this county and 500 
in Tama Co. ; born June 23, 1825, in 
Genesee Co., N. Y. ; came from there to 
Iowa in the Spring of 1859, and settled 
in Tama Co., and from there to this 
county, in December, 1872. Married 
Miss Ada Peterson, of Kendall Co., 111., 
May 23, 1848; she was born Sept. 27, 
1828, in Genesee Co., N. Y. ; have four 
children living — Albert P., born Feb. 
25, 1849; Alice E., born March 1, 
1852; John F., born Dec. 11, 1858, 
and Mary A., burn July 15, 1806 ; lost 
one — Elida A. Mr. Bratt and wife are 
members of the Free- Will Baptist 
Church ; Republican. 
BRI^KEKHOFF, €. F., farmer. 
Sec. 18; P. 0. Marshalltown ; owns 
120 acres of land, valued at $40 per 



acre ; born Nov. 14, 1829, in Adams 
Co., Penn. ; went from there to Lee Co., 
111., in the Spring of 1850 ; followed car- 
penter and joiner business, with the ex- 
ception of the time he was in the service 
of his country. Enlisted Aug. 12, 1862, 
in Co. G, 75th 111. V. I., and was mus- 
tered out July 3, 1865 ; was in the bat- 
tle of Perry ville, Ky., where he was 
wounded ; was also at the battle of Stone 
River, Tenn. Married Alice Van 
Vranken March 23, 1869 ; she was born 
May 23, 1847, in Onondaga Co., N. Y.; 
have three children — Ida A., Gertrude 
E. and George. Member of the Pres- 
byterian Church ; Republican. 

Brucklacker, M., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Dillon. 

Brunig, C, far.. S. 27 ; P. 0. Dillon. 

CHAMBERS, J. N., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. 
Marshalltown. 

Chambers, J. H. C, far., S. 5 ; P. 0. 
Marslialltown. 

Chinburg, C. J., merchant, Dillon. 

CHIKN, JOHN H., farmer and 
breeder of Poland-China hogs, fancy 
poultry, etc., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town ; owns eighty acres of land, valued 
at $50 per acre ; born Sept. 14, 1845, in 
Davie Co., N. C, where he remained till 
after the war. He espoused the cause of 
the Confederates, and enHsted in 1861, 
in Co. C. of the 17th Va. Cavalry; was 
in thirty-two battles and skirmishes ; 
was slightly wounded at the battle of 
Monocacy, Md. ; was taken prisoner by 
Custer's command at the battle of Laura 
Valley, Va. ; was released after seven 
months' imprisonment at Point Lookout. 
Followed merchandising two years after 
the war closed ; came to this county in 
1868. Married Lydia E. Austin Nov. 
25, 1869 ; she was born Feb. 15, 1846, 
in Ohio ; have five children living — 
Maximilian F., Minnie B., Nellie M., 
Harry E. and Charles C. Mr. and Mrs. 
Chinii are members of the M. E. Church. 

CHILSOX, W. H., dealer in hard- 
ware, tinware, agricultural implements, 
in partnership with a Mr. Thompson, 
Le Grand ; was born July 23, 1836, in 
Columbiana Co., Ohio ; parents moved 
to Stark Co. when he was about 1 year 
old : they subsequently moved to Tus- 
carawas Co., and to Defiance Co., and 
to De Kalb Co., Ind., in 1856. Was 
married there to Frances A. Martin 



LE GRAND TOWNSHIP. 



593 



May 6, 1860; she was bovn in 1842, in 
Huron Co., Ohio ; have six children — 
Cora, Jennie, Carlton, Eva, Arthur B. 
and Bertha. Mr. Chilson commenced 
the hardware business here in 1870. Is 
a member of the Christian Church ; Re- 
publican. 

€L.IFFORI>, JOHX G., farmer, 
also stone and brick mason. Sec. 5, P. 0. 
Marshalltown ; owns 458 acres of land, 
valued at $35 per acre ; born Dec. 1, 
1833, in Gloucestershire, England; came 
with his parents to the United States in 
1851, and settled at .Dixon, 111., where 
he remained till he came to this county, 
in March, 1854; stopped at Marshall- 
town, and followed his trade till about 
two years ago, when he came on to his 
present farm. He was married to Flor- 
ence G. Barden Dec. 10, 186G, in this 
county ; she was born June 22, 1848, 
in Tioga Co., N. Y.; have five children 
living — Albert, Charles, Ernest, Edwin 
and Harry ; lost one — Eugene. In poli- 
tics, Independent. 

CO ATE, A. M., Quarry ; dealer in 
grain, agricultural implements, coal, etc.; 
is also Justice of the Peace, which office 
he has held for eight y^ars ; born Oct. 
14, 1839, in Miami Co., Ohio; came to 
Iowa Co,, Iowa, with his parents in 
1853, and from there to this county in 
1859. Was married to Alice Jones 
Sept. 29, 1861 ; she was born in Miami 
Co., Ohio, in 1842, and died July 27, 
1868. He was again married to Lavina 
Bacon, Nov. 27, 1870 ; she was born in 
April, 1845, in Lycoming Co., Penn.; 
have four children — Lora M., by first 
wife, and Cresswell A., Albertus B. and 
Harriet l>y second wife. Member of 
the Christian Church ; Republican. 

Coate, D. A., pun)p dealer. Quarry. 

Coate, E., carpenter and joiner, Quarry. 

Coate, S. T., minister of Christian Church, 
Quarry. 

COPPOCK, A. B., farmer. Sec. 
17 ; owns 137 acres of land, valued 
at $30 per acre; born Dec. 11, 1852, in 
Miami Co., Ohio ; his parents came to 
this county in 1855, and settled on the 
farm where they still live, on Sec. 16. 
Mr. Coppock married Miss L. C. Mote, 
daughter of S. T. Mote, of this town- 
ship, Feb. 18, 1875, and came on to his 
present farm the same year ; she was 



born July 14, 1855, in Ohio ; have 
three children — Warner H., Ray E. and 
Omar. Republican. 
COPPOCK, C. D., farmer. Sec. 16 ; 
P. (). Quarry; owns 345 acres of land, 
valued at $35 per acre ; born Nov. IS, 
1825, in Miami Co., Ohio ; came from 
there to Iowa in the Fall of 1854 ; set- 
tled near the town of Le Grand ; came 
on to his present farm in the Spring of 
1860. Married Mary Yount Oct. 14, 

1849, in Ohio ; she was born July 31, 
1827, in Miami Co., Ohio ; have two 
children — Newlin H., born April 13, 

1850, and Alden B., Dec. 11, 1851. 
Mr. Coppock is a stanch Republican. 

Coppock, Ephriara, weaver, Quarry. 
Coppock, Newlin, stock dealer, Dillon. 
Craig, T. P., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Le Grand. 
Craig. W.W., far., S. 25 ; P. Le Grand. 

DODGE, E. M., farmer. Sec. 22 ; P. 
0. Le Grand. 
Doty, David, cattle herder; P. 0. Le Grand. 
Dougherty, David, far.; P. 0. Quarry. 
Dougherty, Jas. L., far.; P.O. Quarry. 
Drury, Isaiah, far., S. 3; P. 0. Quarry. 
Duncan, S. A., laborer ; P. 0. Le Grand. 

EHLERS, HENRY, farmer. Sec. 34 ; 
P. 0. Dillon. 
Elfick, John, shoemaker, Dillon. 
Emery, J. B., wagon maker, Le Grand. 
Enje, Jorgen, far. ; P. O. Dillon. 
Erick.son, John, farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. O, 
Dillon. 

FARQUHAR, WILLIAM, carpenter 
and joiner, Le Grand. 

FARCillH AR, BEX J AMIN F., 

dealer in furniture, glass, picture frames, 
undertaker, Le Grand; born Oct. •!, 
1849, in Jefferson Co., Ohio; parents 
moved to this county in 1854, and set- 
tled in this township, where they still 
reside. Mr. Farqubar was married to 
Miss Samantha L. Hammond April 9, 
1874 ; she was born in Jefferson Co., 
Ohio. Mr. F. has been in business 
here since the Fall of 1874. Members 
of the Friends' Church ; Republican. 
FARQl'HAR, C. C, Le Grand; 
dealer in real estate, also breeder of 
fiincy breeds of poultry; born Jan. 19, 
1845, in Jefierson Co., Ohio ; came with 
parents to this county in 1854; it was 
then but sparsely settled. Married 
Rachel G. Hammond Aug. 18, 1870; 
she was born in Jefferson Co.. Ohio. 



594 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



March 4, 1840. They are members of 
the B'riends' Cliurch ; Republiciiu. 

Fay, John, laborer, DiHon. 

FII^HER, JOSEPH C, dealer 
in drugs and medicines, also agent for 
Singer Sewing Machine, Le Grand ; wa.s 
born Aug. 19, 1848, in London, En- 
gland ; came to the United States in 
18G9 ; remained at Brooklyn, N. Y., 
until 1870, when he came to this 
county ; stopped in Marshall a short 
time; followed farming Summers and 
teaching Winters, till he commenced his 
present business here in 1877. Is a 
member of the Episcopal Church ; Re- 
publican. 

Foot, P., far. ; A. 0. Dillon. 

Foot; E. E., far.. S. 28: P. 0. Dillon. 

FORREY, DAVID B., farmer, 
Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Timber Creek ; owns 
127 acres of land valued at $40 per 
acre ; born Jan. 29, 1833, in Coshocton 
Co., Ohio ; parents moved from there 
to Henry Co.. Ind., in 1838, and to 
Putnam Co. in 1853, and from there to 
this county in the Spring of 1860. At 
his country's call, he enlisted in Com- 
pany H, 13th Iowa V. I., in Oct., 
1861, and served during the war nearly 
four years ; he participated in the bat- 
tles of Shiloh, siege of Vicksburg, and 
was also with Sherman's army on his 
march to the sea ; also at the battle and 
surrender of Johnston's army. Married 
Mary J. Chambers March 24, 1864 ; 
she was born Oct. 10, 1842, in Pennsyl- 
vania ; have seven children — Nancy M., 
Wilmer H., Charlotte E., Martha J., 
Heber B., Trecy B. and Davie S. Mr. 
'Forrey came on his present farm in 
1874. Is a member of the M. E. 
Church ; Republican. 

Fortner. H., minister, Le Grand. 

Fortneri J. F., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Le 
Grand. 

FUI.L.ER, STEPHEN H., far.. 
Sec. 32 ; P. O. Dillon; owns 160 acres 
of land, valued at $3U per acre ; born 
Oct. 24, 1827, in Mason Co.,Ky., where 
he remained until he came to this 
county in the Fall of 1855, and settled 
in Jefferson Tp., and from there to his 
present farm in 1865. Married Miss 
Lutitia Robison April 14, 1847 ; she 
was born April 23, 1826 ; have three 
children— William M., born Feb. 10, 



1848 ; Henry A., born Sept. 23, 1850, 

and Mary L., born in Dec, 1854. Mr. 

Fuller is a member of the Christian 

Church ; Democrat. 
Fuller, H. A., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Dillon. 
r^ ARLICK, J., lab., Le Grand. 

Garey, G. W., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Giftbrd, W. B., far.; P. 0. Le Grand. 

Gimrie, C, far., S. 24; P. 0. Le Grand. 

Giard, R., lab. ; P. 0. Le Grand. 

Greener, J., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Dillon. 

GRECrtr, R. B., dealer in dry goods 
and general merchandise, Quarry ; born 
March 29, 1853, in Connecticut. His 
father, William Gregg, was R. R. con- 
tractor for several years, which, of 
course, caused him to remain but a 
short time at one place ; he finally set- 
tled in York Co., Maine, in 1860, where 
still resides. R. B. Gregg came to this 
station in May, 1877, and soon after 
commenced his present business. Re- 
publican. 

Gummert, A., far., S. 32; P. Dillon. 

Gummert, P.,far.,S. 32; P.O.Dillon. 

Gummert, Wm., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Quarry. 

HALL, HENRY, H., far., Sec. 6 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown. 

Halverson, J., lar., S. 23 ; P. 0. Dillon. 

HAMMOND, A. L., farmer; P. 0. 
Le Grand ; owns a farm of 314 acres, 
valued at $30 per acre : born Nov. 4, 
1838, in Jefferson Co., Ohio ; emigrated 
to this county in 1862 ; came on to his 
present farm in 1868. Married Caroline 
Hirst Sept. 6, 1868 ; she was born March 
17, 1844, in Belmont Co., Ohio; have 
four children — Mary, born Nov. 5. 
1869 ; Edna 0., Nov. 5. 1871 ; Edwin 
R.. Nov. 4, 1873 ; Arthur H., May 21, 
1877. Is a member of the Friends' 
Church; Republican. 

Hammond, Ben]., retired far., Le Grand. 

HAMMOND, (tJEOR<j}E, farmer 
and breeder of thorough-bred stock, Sec. 
13; P. 0. LeGrand; owns 1,072 acres 
of land, valued at $35 per acre ; born 
Feb. 29, 1828, in Jefferson Co., Ohio; 
came from there to this county in the 
Spring of 1852 ; remained that Sum- 
mer, and returned to Ohio and spent the 
Winter, and returned the following year 
to Le Grand, purchased a steam saw- 
mill in company with his brother, which 



LE GRAND TOWNSHIP. 



595 



they ran for eight years ; for the last 
sixteen years he has devoted his time to 
farming, feeding and shi})ping stock. 
Married Jane Leach Aug. U, 1857, in 
this county; she was born Sept. 11, 
1831, in Columbiana Co., Ohio; have four 
children living — Frank, Alden, Ross and 
Henry W.; lost one — Mary R. Mrs. 
Hammond is a member of the Friends' 
Church ; Republican. 

HAMjJlOXD, HIRAM, one of 

proprietors of the Le Grand Mills ; born 
Feb. 20, 183*2, in Jefterson Co., Ohio ; 
came with his parents to this county in 
1854 ; settled one and a half miles west 
from Le Grand, and exchanged that for 
his present home on Sec. 1, in 1876, 
where he has forty acres, valued at $40 
per acre ; he also owns, in company with 
Mr. W. G. Benedict, 640 acres of land, 
valued at $40 per acre, including mills. 
Was married to Anna Foglesong Aug. 
30, 1856, in this county ; she was born 
in 1834 in Darke Co., Ohio ; have six 
children — Margaret E., Louis A., Mary 
E., Sarah A., Nettie and Charles. Is a 
member of the Friends' Church ; Re- 
publican. 

Hammer, L.,far., S. 14; P. 0. Le Grand. 

Hanegan, A. D., far., S. 24; P. 0. Le 
Grand. 

Hanegan, W. B., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Dillon. 

HANEGAN, WM., farmer, and 
agent for the United States Organ, 
manufactured in Cleveland, Ohio, Sec. 
20 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; he owns 129 
acres of land, valued at $35 per acre ; he 
was born Aug. 27, 1831, in Columbiana 
Co. Ohio; went from there to Stark Co., 
where he remained till the Spring of 
1857, when he came to Iowa, and stopped 
in Marshalltown till the Fall of 1860 ; 
he then moved on to a farm near where 
he now lives. Married Mary Pierson 
March 15, 1852, in Ohio; she was born 
Feb. 6, 1833, in Stark Co., Ohio ; have 
four children — Marshall P., Wilber B., 
Elmer E. and Frank R. Mr. Hanegan 
is a member of the M. E. Church, and 
a Republican. 

HANKS, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 27 ; 
P. 0. Dillon ; owns a farm of eighty 
acres, valued at $50 per acre ; born Sept. 
8, 1827, in JliamiCo., Ohio ; came from 
there to Iowa in 1851 ; settled in Henry 
Co. ; came from there to this county in 



1863, and on to his present farm in 1869- 
He is serving the people ot his township 
as Justice of the Peace. Married Eliza 
De Witt Dec. 28, 1856, in Henry Co., 
Iowa; she was born March 16. 1829, in 
Prince Edwards Co., Canada West ; have 
no children. Republican. 

Harding, R., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Dillon. 

Harrison, E. H., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Le 
Grand. 

HASKIN, CALEB A., farmer. 
Sec. 32 ; P. O. Dillon ; owns 316 acres 
of land, valued at $30 per acre ; he was 
born Nov. 16, 1825, in Addison Co., 
Vt. ; his parents movi'd to Monroe Co., 
N. Y., in 1834, and in 1 840, he came to 
La Grange Co., Ind., where he remained 
about two years ; then went to Elkhart 
Co., and was married there to Rebecca 
Lacey May 27, 1849 ; she was born 
Feb.'l2, 1830, in Ohio. He came out 
to this county in 1853, and entered his 
land where he now lives, and moved his 
family out in 1855 ; he left his farm in 
the Fall of 1870 and moved to Griunell, 
and returned in the Spring of 1876. 
Have four children — Albert R.. Anna 
C, Melissa J., Hattie M. ; Albert R. is 
acting as one of the professors in East- 
man's College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and 
Anna C.'s husband, Adam Grimes, is 
Professor of Mathematics in Amity Col- 
lege, Page Co., Iowa ; Melissa J. mar- 
ried Charles F. Ricker, of Grinnell. Mr. 
Hasken is a member of the Baptist 
Church, and is a Republican. 

Harris, G., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Dillon. 

Hart, H. H., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Quarrv. 

Hayworth. D. M.,far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Quarry. 

HEALD, SIWWELIi, dealer in 
grain, lumber and coal, Le Grand ; born 
Aug. 3, 1825, in Columbiana Co., Ohio; 
moved to Knox Co. in the Fall of 1850, 
and to Morrow Co. in 1853, and from 
there to this county in 1858: settled 
near Le Grand ; remained there about 
eight years, then moved to Poweshiek 
Co., at Searboro, on the Central Road ; 
operated in the grain and lumber busi- 
ness ; returned to Le Grand in January, 
1876, where he is following the same 
business. Married Mary Hickien March 
19, 1846 ; she died Nov. 15, 1848 ; was 
again marrit'd, to Harriet McGrew, Dec. 
5, 1850 ; she was born Nov. 15, 1820; 
has four children by second wife — Will- 



596 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY; 



iam H., Abner J., Martha E. and Sina 
F. Member of the Friends' Church ; 
Republican. 

Henderson, John, far., S. 26. 

Hendorf, F., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Dillon. 

HOOVER, SOLOIIOX Y., 

farmer, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Quarry ; owns 
97^ acres of land, valued at $45 per 
acre; born Sept. 19, 1825, in Miami 
Co., Ohio ; came from there to this 
county in 1856, and settled on his 
farm. Was married to Margaret S. 
Mote Nov. 24, 1853, in Ohio ; she was 
born July 14, 1830; they have five 
living children — Lucy A., William B., 
Delilah S., Mary A.. Louis C; lost four 
— Olive E., Loren, Elijah and Edith. 
Is a member of the Friends' Church ; 
Republican. 

Hulin, 0., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Dillon. 

HUJ^EBOE, MATHIAS H., 
farmer, Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Dillon ; owns 
eighty acres of land, valued at $35 per 
acre; born Feb. 15, 1828, in Stavanger, 
Norway, where he lived till he came to 
the United States in 1864, and settled 
in Marshall Co., Iowa. He was married 
in Norway to Helga Olsdatter in Oct., 

1851 ; she was born in Norway in Oct., 

1852 ; have four children — Matthias, 
Helga, Bertha and Thea. Mr. Huse- 
boe is a member of the Society of 
Friends : Republican. 

INGEBRETSON, OLE, farmer, Sec. 
26 ; P. 0. Le Grand. 
INMAX, DAVID, farmer, Sec. 
16; P.O. Quarry; owns eighty acres 
of land, valued at $50 per acre ; was 
born Sept 8, 1836, in Miami Co., Ohio ; 
emigrated to Le Grand in this county 
in the Fall of 1853. Enlisted in the 
service of his country in Sept., 1862, 
taking his faithful dog Doc with him, 
which continued with the regiment ( Co. 
K, of the 23d I. V. I), till the close of 
the war, and returned home with his 
master, and died at home Dec. 14, 
1875. Mr. Inman participated in the 
battle of Port Gibson, where he was 
sliglitly wounded in the head by two 
balls ; was taken to the hospital and his 
faithful dog went with him ; after his 
recovery he participated in the battle of 
Black River Bridge, Milliken's Bend, 
siege of Vicksburg and Mobile, Ala. 
Man-ied Phoebe Richards Sept. 21, 



1855, in this county ; she was born in 
Ohio Jan. 29, 1830 ; have no children 
living ; lost one son ; have a niece, his 
wife's sister's child, who they are rais- 
ing ; her namt; his Phoebe M. Hayes. 
Mr. Inman and wife are members of the 
Christian Church ; Republican. 

Inman, S., far., S. 24; P. 0. Le Grand. 

Ives, E. W., far.; P. 0. Quarry. 

yOHNSON, P.. far.; P. 0. Quarry. 

JONES, BARCLAY^ farmer and 
minister of th,e Gospel, Sec. 10 ; P. O. 
Quarry ; owns a farm of 124 acres, 
valued at $6,000 ; born May 15, 1844, 
in Cass Co., Ind. ; he went with his 
parents to Howard Co., in 1854; at- 
tended the Friends' Seminary at Adrian, 
Mich., in 1867 ; returned to Hamilton 
Co., Ind., and married Rhoda Kendall, 
July 7, 1870 ; she was born Sept. 30, 
1848, in same county ; came to Iowa 
in 1871, and settled on the farm ad- 
joining their present home ; have two 
children — Henry 0. and Clinton H. 
Mr. Jones has been acting as a Recorded 
Minister in the Friends' Church for six 
years ; Republican. 

JONES, PHILEMON, farmer, S. 
10 ; P. O. Quarry ; born May 12, 1830, 
in Miami Co., Ohio ; came from there 
to this county in June, 1857 ; the county 
was then very sparsely settled. He mar- 
ried Esther Coate March 20, 1850; she 
was born Feb. 8, 1829, in Miami Co., 
Ohio ; have two children — Mary and 
Mattie ; both of them are married ; has 
a small boy whom he is raising, named 
Oren N. Coate. Mr. Jones has served 
his county as Supervisor one tei'm. Is 
a member of the Friends' Church. Re- 
publican. Owns a farm of seventy. five 
acres, valued at $4,500. 
TT^NOX, A., far., S. 16; P. 0. Dillon. 

KEEN, G. W., farmer. Sec. 23 ; P. 
0. Le Grand; owns 320 acres of land, 
valued at $50 per acre ; born Jan. 12, 
1821, in Baltimore Co., Md. ; followed 
raising vegetables for the city market ; 
came from there to this county in 1872, 
and settled on his present farm. Mar- 
ried Eliza M. Smardin Feb. 19, 1846 ; 
she was born Sept. 16, 1824, in Devon- 
shire, England ; have seven children 
living — Charlotte E., Nicholas 0., Wm. 



LE GRAND TOWNSHIP. 



597 



G., Cora E., Alice G., Winfield S. 
and Edith J. ; lost four children — Ros- 
alie, Henry C, Edward R. and Mary J. 
Mr. Keen and fiimily are members of 
the Episcoi)al Church ; Republican. 

Kouchy, H., lab. ; P. 0. Quarry. 

Krouse, F., far. ; P. 0. Dillon. 

Kubik, J., lab. ; P. 0. Quarry. 

LEACH, C. N., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Le 
Grand. 

LEECH, SAMUEI. Y., former, 
Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Le Grand ; owns eighty 
acres of land, valued at $35 per acre ; 
he was born Dec. 29, 1836, in Colum- 
biana Co., Ohio ; came to Iowa in the 
Fall of 1855 ; stopped in Iowa City a 
short time, and then went to Cedar Co., 
in Springdale Tp. ; remained about 
eighteen months, and then came to Le 
Grand, in this county, in 1857 ; re- 
mained there uutil 1863; he went to 
Tama Co., and from there he came onto 
his present farm in 1865. He is at 
present Township Assessor, and is serv- 
ing his second term of office. He mar- 
ried Anna E. Trahen Jan. 1, 1860 ; she 
was born Sept. 16, 1838, in Knox Co., 
Ohio ; have five children — Willis E., 
Louis, Cornelius, Norman D. and one 
an infant not named. Mr. Leech is a 
member of the Friends' Church, and is 
a strong Republican. 

Lentz, H.,far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Dillon. 

Lippencott, S. C. fur., S. 15; P. 0. 
Quarry. 

MASTERSON, J. W., far., S. 5 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown. 
McCOOL., RILEY, dealer in light- 
ning rods, pumps, etc., Le Grand ; born 
Nov. 22, 1823, in Miami Co., Ohio; 
followed the mercantile business in the 
town of Laura of said county, from 1849 
to 1857, then came to this county, and 
settled in Le Grand ; commenced the 
mercantile business the same year, and 
was burned out Dec. 11, 1858 ; loss, 
about $3,000 ; no insurance; he again 
rallied and commenced business in 
1 86-4 ; continued only about a year, 
when he sold out, and has since followed 
his present business. Married Mary A. 
Waymire Nov. 3, 1842 ; she was born 
Dec. 22, 1825, in Montgomery Co., 
Ohio ; have one daughter — Sarah A. ; 
lost two sons — Thomas and Henry W. ; 
the latter died in the service of his 



country , was in the 4-l:th Iowa V. I. 
Is a member of the Christian Church ; 
Republican. 

Mc€ORI>, ROBERT C, farmer, 
Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; owns 245 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre ; 
born June 16, 1830, in Washtenaw Co., 
Mich.; his parents moved to Steuben 
Co., Ind., in 1839, and in 1847, he went 
to Erie Co., Ohio, where he made his 
home till 1854, when he returned to 
Steuben Co., Ind., in the Fall, and the 
following Spring, went to Fillmore Co., 
Minn., near Spring Valley ; came from 
there to this county in 1874. Married 
Julia A. Ham Aug. 20, 1856, in Min- 
nesota ; she was born March 4, 1835, in 
New York ; have four children living — 
Henry A., William D., Delbert H. and 
George B., lost three — Julia K., Rosa 
B. and John A. Mr. McCord enlisted 
in 1864 in Co. I, 11th Minn. Reg., and 
was in the service eleven months. Is a 
member of the M. E. Church; Demo- 
crat. 

McGREW, D. D., farmer, Sec. 12; 
makes a specialty of small fruits, straw- 
berries, etc.; owns 212 acres of land, 
valued at $10,000 ; was born Oct. 3, 
1824, in Jefferson Co., Ohio ; moved to 
Knox Co. in 1848, and from there to 
this county in the Spring of 1856 ; set- 
tled in this township ; entered from 
Government the northeast quarter of 
Sec. 36, which he still owns. Married 
Deborah Hammond March 9, 1848, in 
Jefferson Co., Ohio; she was born Dec. 
20, 1829, died Oct. 13, 1859, in Iowa ; 
was again married to Alpha Pierson 
Jan. 23, 1861 ; she was born Dec. 15, 
1839, in Miami Co., Ohio ; have nine 
children, four by first wife — Benjamin 
H. and Jacob B. are livhig, Anderson 
H. and Harriet C. are dead ; by second 
wife, iMargaret H., Henry f}. and Sarah 
E. are living, Mary E. and Martha A. 
are dead. Mr. McGrew and family are 
members of the Friends' Church ; Re- 
publican. 

McGREW, F. B., Postmaster, Jus- 
tice of the Pi'ace and dealer in grocer- 
ies, etc., Le Grand ; born in Jefferson 
Co., Ohio, April 8. 1832 ; at the age of 
16, he left there with his parents, and 
moved to Knox Co., Ohio ; remained 
there till 1856. when he came with 



598 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY : 



three of his brothers to this county, and 
settled in this township ; followed farm- 
ing till 1877, when he eame into town 
to follow his present business. Married 
Mary Traher April 6, 1854, in Kent 
Co., Ohio; she was born in the same 
county Aug. 24,1835; have six chil- 
dren living — William T., Martha, Sam- 
uel, Jacob B., Mary L. and Susan L. 
Mr. McGrew is a member of the 
Friends' Church ; Republican. 

McXAJIARA, JOHW, former and 
stock raiser. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Dillon; 
owns 230 acres of land, valued at $40 
per acre; born July 4, 1832, in County 
Clare, Ireland ; came to the United States 
in 1851, and settled in Baltimore Co., 
Md.; followed gardening and raising 
vegetables for the city market ; came 
from there to this county in 1876 ; set- 
tled on his present farm. Married Jo- 
hana Hayes June 29,1856, in Maryland ; 
she was born Feb. 6, 1838, in County 
Cork, Ireland ; have nine children liv- 
ing — James P., John H., Mary C, 
Michael, George, Ada, Ella, Frank and 
Leo; lost four — Daniel, Leon, William 
S. and Edward J. Is a member of the 
Catholic Church ; Democrat. 

Masterson, J. W., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 
<y-/ Melt^'edt, K., far.. S. 25 ; P. 0. Le Grand. 

Mercer, J. R., fiir., S. 12 ; P. 0. Le Grand. 

Merritt, G., attorney at law. 

Michener, J. C, physician and surgeon, 
Le Grand. 

MOORK, JOSEPH, far., S. 17 ; 
P. O. Marshalltown ; owns eighty acres 
of land, valued at $50 per acre ; born 
Nov. 22, 1810, in Westmoreland Co., 
Penn. ; he went to Trumbull Co., Ohio, 
in 1825, and lived at his brother's two 
years, then returned to Pennsylvania 
and learned the tanner and currier's 
trade ; was there about three years ; 
then went to New Lisbon, Columbiana 
Co., Ohio, and subsequently went to 
Hanover, Salem and Clarkson, inthesame 
county ; at the latter place, set up business 
on his own account; came from thereto 
this county in September, 1874. Married 
MaryHeacock in Ohio, March 4, 1840 ; 
she was born in 1810 in Ohio; have three 
children living — Jennie, Louis L. and 
Leech ; lost two — James and Hannah. 
Democrat. 



More. H. G., laborer, Quarry. 

Morrison, Perry, blacksmith, Le Grand. 

Morse, L., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

MOTE, E. A., attorney, Le Grand ; 
dealer in real estate with W. G. Bene- 
dict; born Feb. 16, 1839, in Miami 
Co., Ohio, and emigrated from there to 
this county in 1865, and settled in Le 
Grand, where he still lives ; he has fol- 
lowed the dry goods business in this 
town for several years and sold to W. 
G. Benedict, in the Spring of 1870. 
He was married to Emma L. Loof bou- 
row, of this county ; she was born March 
13, 1851, in Knox Co., Ohio; have 
one son — Walter L.; he was born Dec. 
6, 1868. Mr. Mote has held the office 
Justice of the Peace four years. He is 
also a member of the Friends' Church 
and a Republican. 

Mote, J. J., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Quarry. 

MOTE, SAMUEI. I., far., S. 14 ; 
P. 0. Quarry; owns a farm of 184 
acres, valued at $40 per acre ; born 
Sept. 25, 1826, in Miami Co., Ohio. 
Was married there to Anna M. Macey 
May 11, 1853; she was born in Au- 
gust, 1835, in same county ; came from 
there to his present farm in this county 
in 1865 ; has ten children living — Lydia 
C, Rhoda M., Louis K., Mary M., 
John F., Luella E., Laura A., Bessie 
E., Arthur S. and Edward A. ; have lost 
one — Ada J. Mr. Mote has served as 
one of the County Commissioners seven 
years, which indicated that his services 
were appreciated by his constituents. 
Member of the Friends' church. Rep. 

MYERS, D. li., dealer in lumber, 
lath, shingles and (-oal for Woodward 
& Son, of Marshall ; Dillon ; born 
Feb. 19, 1840, in Adams Co., Penn.; 
came from there to Marshalltown, of this 
county in 18^2, and to Dillon in June, 
1876. Was married to Miss Sarah Mil- 
ler Dec. 4. 1862; she was born June 
13, 1842, in Pennsylvania ; they have 
five children — Elmer, Hiram, Ida, Min- 
nie and Addie ; Republican. 

nVTKISSE, A. F., far., S. 33 ; P. O. 

JJN Dillon. 

NARBER, SIMOIV D. S., farm 
er, S. 80 ; Dillon ; owns eight acres of 
land, valued at $40 per acre; born March 
13, 1848, in Lycoming Co., Penn.; 
his mother died when he was only thir- 



LE GRAND TOWNSHIP. 



599 



teen days old ; his father again married, 
and came to Iowa in 1857, stopping a 
short time in Stephenson Co., III., visit- 
ing friends ; he came into Benton Co., 
where he remained but a short time, 
and then started for Missouri, but did not 
like the outlook there, and returned to 
Iowa and stopped in Tama Co., until he 
came into Marshall Co., in 1859; Mr. 
Narber came on to his present farm in 
the Fall of 1870. Was married to Bar- 
bara A. Smith Aug. 12, 1871 ; she was 
born Aug. 3, 18-17, in Union Co., Ohio ; 
they have two children — Frank A., 
born Aug. 24, 1873 ; Nellie M., born Dec. 
13, 1876. Mrs. Narber is a member of 
the M. E. Church. 

NARBER, PETER, farmer, S. 35 ; 
P. 0. Dillon; owns 160 acres of land 
where he lives, valued at $40 per acre, 
and 160 acres in Vienna Tp. of this 
county ; he was born Sept. 7, 1822, in 
Lycoming Co., Penn., where he lived 
until the Spring of 1857, when he came 
to Iowa, and stopped in Benton Co. a 
short time, then went to Missouri, but 
never unloaded his goods, but returned 
and stopped in Tama Co., and remained 
until he bought his present farm in Mar- 
shall Co., in 1859. Married Catharine 
Dewalt Nov. 12, 1843, in Pennsylva- 
nia, she died March 26, 1848 ; he again 
married to Sarah A. Whetland Jan. 9, 
1849 ; she was born July 24, 1831 ; 
have seven children — Simon S. D., by 
first wife, and by second wife — Will- 
iam E., Amelia, Hannah M., Sarah J., 
Robert E. and Peter B. Republican. 

Naylor, W. H., small fruit grower, P. 0. 
Le Grand. 

OLESON. J. B., farmer, S. 26 ; P. 0. 
Dillon. 

O^IER, CLARENCE II., book- 
keeper and accountant, resides in Balti- 
more, Md.; born May 14, 1856, in Bal- 
timore, Md., where his father still re- 
sides ; he is stopping this Summer with 
his uncle, (jr. W. Keen. Republican. 

Oleson, J. B., far., S. 26; P. 0. Dillon. 

Oleson, J. F., farmer ; P. 0. Dillon. 

Oleson, 0. B., far.. S. 28 ; P. 0. Dillon. 

OLESON, SOREN. farmer. Sec. 
26 ; P. 0. Le Grand ; owns eighty acres 
of land, valued at $40 per acre ; he was 
born Feb. 23, 1827, in Stavanger, Nor- 
way ; came from there to Manitowoc, 



Wis., in the Fall of 1854, and the fol- 
lowing Spring, went to Lee Co., Iowa ; 
remained until the next Fall, when he 
went to Salem, Henry Co. He was 
married to Anna C. Ravenoa Sejit. 22, 
1858 ; she was born in Norway March 
31, 1842; they have three children — 
Obadiah, born July 1, 1859 ; Julia A., 
born March 5, 1861 ; Christopher, born 
Oct. 22, 1862 ; lost one. He was the 
first Norwegian who settled in Le Grand 
Tp.; he first settled near Quarry Station, 
where he lived about five years, and 
then came on his present farm. He 
was the first clerk of the Society of Friends 
organized in his neighborhood. Mr. 
Oleson's mother is 80 years old. and 
is living with him, his father having 
died several years ago. Member of 
Friends' Church ; Republican. 

O'Neal, Charles, brick layer, Le Grand. 

Oneal, J., far. and brick layer, Le Grand. 

PEARSON, DANIEL, far., S. 11; P. 
0. Le Grand. 

Pearson, James, clerk, Le Grand. 

Pease, S., far., S. 17 ; P. O. Marshalltown. 

Pemberton, D.. carp, and joiner, Dillon. 

Pemberton, E.^ far., S. 21"; P. 0. Dillmi. 

Pest, F., far., S. 30; P. O. Dillon. 

Peterson, A., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Dillon. 

PHILLIPS, C. A., Postmaster and 
dealer in dry goods, drugs, groceries, etc., 
Quarry ; born in 1822, in Tompkins Co., 
N. y. ; parents afterward lived in Os- 
wego and Onondaga Counties ; he went 
to Marquette Co., Wis., in 1846 ; re- 
mained there till 1852, when he went to 
Oregon via overland route ; spent fifteen 
years there and in the Territories adjoin- 
ing; returned to New York in 1867, 
and the following year came to this 
county ; commenced business here in the 
Spring of 1868. Married Mrs. C. A. 
Gaylord in May of the same year : she 
was born in Connecticut. 

Plummer, A. A., far.. S. 16 ; P. 0. Quarry. 

PLUMMER, MARY S., farming, 
Sec. 15 ; P. O. Quarry ; owns 160 acres 
of land, valued at $50 jier acre ; her 
maiden name was Forquhar ; she was 
born in 1818, in Jefferson Co., Ohio, 
and was married to Joseph Plummer, of 
the same county, Dec. 31, 1837; he 
was born in Maryland in 1801. Moved 
to this county in the Spring of 1855, 
and settled on present farm the same 



600 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



Fall. Mr. Pluminer died Jan. 10, 
1870, leaving his wife and six children 
to mourn his loss ; the children are Liz- 
zie, William, Susan, Hannah M., Joseph 
and John ; the last two are with their 
mother; Joseph has attended the 
Friends' Academy, at Le Grand, for the 
last two years, and expects to receive his 
diploma in a few days, that will admit 
him to the Sophomore Class at the Uni- 
versity of Iowa City. Mrs. Plummer 
and family are members of the Friends' 
Church. 

PLOIMER, THOMAS, far , and 
stock raiser, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Quarry ; 
owns 374 acres of land, valued at $35 
per acre; born in Nov., 1802, in Fred- 
erick Co., Md. ; parents moved from 
there, when he was about 8 years old, to 
JeflPerson Co., Ohio; in 1837, he went 
to Lee Co., 111., and was married while 
there to Miss Emma Thummel Feb. 9, 
1840 ; she was born July 2, 1822, in 
Germany ; have six children living — 
Anthony, Marion, John, Joseph, Thos. 
and Hollen ; lost three children — Au- 
iTusta, Mary and Susannah. Democrat. 

Porchet, S. A., far., S. 32; P. 0. Dillon. 

REITERMAN, C, physician, surgeon 
and druggist, Le Grand. 
RALLI^, JOSEPH, far., Sec. 21 ; P. 
0. Dillon ; owns 195 acres of land, valued 
at ^35 per acre ; born Aug. 26, 1829, 
in Logan Co., Ky. ; parents moved to 
Whiteside Co., 111., when he was about 1 
year old ; at the age of 17, he went to 
Pike Co., 111., and remained there until 
1848, then came to Jefferson Co., Iowa ; 
that Summer, he was in the employ of 
the Government, surveying in Madison 
and Dallas Counties ; afterward, lived 
in Mahaska and Wapello Counties until 
he came to this county in 1850, and 
look a claim near where Marshalltown is 
now ; afterward sold it, and purchased 
his present farm in 1852 ; the county 
was then a wild waste, only an occa- 
sional settler being near the timber and 
streams ; he had to go forty miles to 
mill. The first court of the county was 
iield at his brother's house, near where 
Marshalltown now is, in 1850 or 1851. 
Married Fanny E. Walker Dec. 30, 
1852, in Van Buren Co., Iowa; she was 
born in Kentucky Sept. 6, 1834; have 
five children living — William A., Belle 



E., Mellville S., Nora A. and Fanny B.; 
lost one child — Arthur D. Mr. Ralls 
lived at Marshalltown from 1871 until 
1876 ; he then returned to his farm. 
Greenbacker. 

RESL.EY, JOHX, physician and 
surgeon ; also, dealer in drugs and med- 
icines, Le Grand ; born in Knox Co., 
Ohio, May 12, 1818. His father, Jacob 
Resley, settled in that county in 1815, 
and was among the earliest settlers. At 
the age of 1 6 , he went to Granville 
College, of Licking Co., where he re- 
mained four years, laboring to pay his 
board, tuition, etc. ; returned home and 
remained with his father two years, and 
then commenced the study of medicine 
under Dr. John W. Russell, of Mt. 
Vernon, Ohio ; continued three years, 
and then attended the Medical College 
at Cincinnati, Ohio, where he graduated 
in 1844 ; commenced the practice of 
medicine in his native county, and con- 
tinued two years ; then went to Morrow 
Co., where he remained until the Fallot 
1865, when he came to this county. He 
was surgeon for two years in the 94th 
Ohio V. I. ; he also had charge of 1st 
Division Hospital, at Camp Douglas, 
Chicago, in 1864-5. Married S. R. 
Brown Aug. 4, 1846 ; she was born in 
Boston, Mass. ; have one daughter liv- 
ing — Ella A. R. ; lost three children, 
one an infant; John C was drowned 
and Jaco B. died at San Gabriel, Cal. 
Mr. Resley owns 100 acres of land in 
this county and 350 in Dunn County, 
Wisconsin. Is a member of the M. E. 
Church ; Independent in politics. 

RICHARDS, ELI, farmer, S. 24 ; 
P. 0. Le Grand ; owns eighty-five acres 
of land valued at $50 per acre ; born 
Sept. 9, 1833, in Columbiana Co., Ohio; 
came to this county in 1 854 ; stopped 
with his brother-in-law, E. Blendon, in 
this township ; there were but very few 
settlers between Le Grand and Grinnell. 
He assisted in laying the road between 
Le Grand and Grinnell ; purchased his 
present farm in 1857. Married Mary 
Adair Nov. 13, 1855 ; she was born 
March 28, 1838, and died Sept. 23, 
1875. Again married Sarah Ferguson 
March 19, 1876 ; she was born April 
30, 1835. His first wife was insane 
four years before she died ; had three 



LE GRAND TOWNSHIP. 



601 



children by first wife- Rebecca J. and 
Frank ; lost one child — Harvey. Mem- 
bers of the Christian Church ; Re- 
publican. 

Richards, J., far., S. 24; P. 0. Le Grand. 

Rosdale, S. T., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Dillon. 

ROUP, T. R., farmer, Sec. 7 ; P. 0. 
Marshalltown ; owns 1222 acres of land, 
valued at $45 per acre ; born April 20, 
1835, in Livingston Co., N. Y.; in 1839, 
parents moved to Crawford Co., Penn., 
where he remained until 1857, when he 
came to Allamakee Co., Iowa, where he 
followed harness making ; was also one 
of the proprietors in running a stage line, 
till the Spring of 1871, when he came 
on his present farm in Marshall Co. He 
was married to Amelia Isted March 20, 
1861; she died Dec. 10, 1869; was 
again married to Susan Dickinson Dec. 
26, 1870 ; she was born in Chittenden 
Co., Vt.; has three children by first 
wife — Jolin, Charles and Emma, and 
have adopted a daughter of his wife's 
sister. Mr. Roup is a member of the 
M. E. Church. 

RUBENBArER, JOHN, farmer, 
Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Dillon ; owns 343 acres 
of land, valued at $30 per acre ; he was 
born June 18, 1824, in Bavaria, Ger- 
man. As was the rule at that time, he 
was compelled to serve in the army for 
six years after he was 21 years old, which 
he did in the 1st Regt. of Light Cavalry. 
He came to the United States in 1854, 
and settled at Batavia, 111., and the 
following year, 1855, came to Iowa and 
purchased a part of his present farm in 
Marshall Co. He was married to Miss 
T. T. Mayo in the Fall of 1855; 
she was born March 21, 1833, in Ger- 
many ; have eight living children — 
Lena, Rudolf, Walpa, John, Melinda, 
Kate, Martin and George ; lost two — 
Anna and William. Members of the 
Catholic Church ; Independent. 

Russell W., grain dealer, Dillon. 
H'OTT. LUTHER. 



s* 



SALISBURY, ROSCOE A., 

dealer in dry goods and genteral mer- ! 
chandise, Dillon ; born July 13, 1855, | 
in Winona Co., Minn ; parents left there 
when he was in his infancy, and came to 
La Motte, Jackson Co., Iowa, where they > 
remained about six years, when they ; 



removed to Lyons, Iowa, remaining 
there one a half years, then he 
came to Chelsea, in Tama Co.; re- 
mained there about one and a half 
years, when they came to Le Grand 
in this county, where they still live. 
Mr. Salisbury spent two years in Daven- 
port, Iowa — one year in the dry goods 
busmess with W. H. & C. T. Webb, 
and one year in the grain business with 
J. R. Graham ; commenced business in 
Dillon in May of this year. Republican. 

SAWYER, THORE O., farmer 
Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Le Grand ; owns 280 
acres of land in this county and 160 
acres in Tama Co.; born Jan. 7, 1818, 
in Stavanger, Norway; came to the 
United States in 1846, and settled in 
La Salle, 111.; came to this county in 
June, 1869. Married Melinda Johnson 
in Norway March, 1843 ; she died in 
Dec, 1862, in La Salle Co., Ill ; he 
was married to Anna Anderson in 
July, 1864 ; have had nine children by 
first wife — Ole, Martin, Enos, Mary, 
Benjamin, Caroline, Charlotte and Jen- 
nie ; deceased, Thomas ; by second wife, 
one — Abel. Mr. Sawyer and wife are 
members of the Friends' Church ; Re- 
publican. 

SHARP, JOSEPH, retired farmer, 
Quarry ; born Dec. 25, 1802, in Phila- 
delphia, Penn ; his mother died when he 
was about 4 years old, and his father 
when he was about 12 years of age ; 
went to Baltimore when he was 16, and 
learned the shoemaker's trade, and re- 
mained there till he was nearly 30 years 
old. Married Ann Armstrong, daugh- 
ter of Rev. John Armstrong, of the ^L 
E. Church, in Baltimore, in 1821 ; she 
died in this county Aug. 8, 1876. He 
moved from Baltimore to Rose Hill, 
Darke Co., Ohio, about 1831 or 1832, 
and followed the boot and shoo business 
till he came to this county in 1865 ; 
stopped at Le Grand about a year, then 
purchased a farm in Timber Creek Tp., 
where he remained until 1873, when he 
sold out and came to Quarry. Has but 
two children living — Eleanor and 
Joseph ; lost six — John W., Francis, 
Caroline, Ann, Elbert and Celestia A. 
Mr. Sharp has been a member of the 
M. E. Church since 1820; Repub- 
lican. 



602 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



SHARP, L.. B., Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Le 
Grand ; farming and stock raising ; a 
specialty made in Percheron horses ; 
born May 29, 1835, in York Co., Penn. ; 
parents moved to 3Iorrow Co., Ohio, in 
1841, where he remained till he came 
to this county in 1871. Married Re- 
becca A. Milligan Jan. 28, 1858; she 
was born Jan. 14, 1839, in Columbiana 
Co.. Ohio ; have four children living — 
Hannah I., Sam'l L., Edward H. and 
Mary A. ; lost one — Jessie. Owns 245 
acres of land, valuod at $50 per acre. 
Member of the Friends' Church. 

Sh rp, Thomas, miller in Le Grand Mills. 

Sinkins, A. S., Le Grand. 

Sinkins, H., miller, Le Grand. 

Sink, A., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Le Grand. 

Snider, R. A., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Le Grand. 

Stangeland, T. K., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Le 
Grand. 

Sanders, J., small fruit grower, Le Grand. 

Summers, W. H., far., S. 7 ; P.O. Marshall- 
town. 
THOMPSON, B.. farmer, Sec. 36; P. 
0. Gillman. 

THOMPSON, CHARI.es C., 
dealer in hardware and agricultural im- 
plements with W. H. Chilson, Le Grand; 
born March 23, 1845 iu Merrimac Co., 
N. H. ; parents moved to Muscatine 
Co., Iowa, in 1856 ; he moved to Benton 
Co. in 1869, and from there to this 
county in 1877, and has followed ship- 
ping stock and the hardware business 
ever since. Was married to Miss Nancy 
McGrew Oct. 23, 1867, in Muscatine 
Co. ; she was born Jan. 23, 1846, in 
Westmoreland Co., Penn. ; have one 
son— William B., born May 16, 1871. 
Member of Friends' Church ; Repub- 
lican. 

Thompson, W. O., tar.; S. 11 ; P. 0. Le 
Grand. 

Tjossem, P., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Dillon. 

tOWNSElVD, ASA M., farmer. 
Sec. 13 ; P. O. Le Grand ; owns forty-six 
acres of land, valued at $100 per acre; 
born Aug. 10, 1824 in Knox Co., Ohio. 
Married Elizabeth (}. Wood of Morrow 
Co., Ohio, Oct. 28, 1846 ; she was born 
July 4, 1822, in same county. Came 
from Ohio to this county in Summer of 
1871 ; settled in Le Grand, and followed 
the grain and lumber business the first 
five years ; was also engaged in the hard- 



ware business with W". H. Chilson two 
years ; has been on his present farm two 
years ; have three children living — Clay- 
ton W., Mary E. and Henry H. ; lost 
one — Lydia W., died Sept. 1, 1864, aged 
1 1 years. Member of Friends' Church ; 
Republican. 

Tostenson, 0., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Dillon. 

Turner, J. B., far., Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

"YTICE, H. M., laborer, Quarry. 

VOGEI., WIIiLIAM, farmer and 
and proprietor of one of the quarries ; 
also lime burning ; owns 300 acres of 
land, valued at $40 per acre ; born June 
25, 1830, in Magdeburg, Prussia; 
came to the United States in 1855, and 
settled on his present farm. Married 
Frederica Mushaka Feb. 2, 1855 ; she 
was born Jan. 3, 1831 ; have five chil- 
dren — William, Bertha, Matilda, Henry 
and Louisa. Are members of the Chris- 
tian Church ; Democrat. 

VOORHIES, R. M., proprietor of 
Summit House, Le Grand ; born July 
8, 1826, in New York City; parents 
moved from there to Knox Co., Ohio, in 
1838, and remained there about one 
year, when they removed to Morrow 
Co., he remaining with an uncle at Mt. 
Vernon, where he learned the hatter's 
trade, and from 1849 till 1853, traveled 
and sold goods at wholesale. Was 
married to Sarah A. Lewis, of Mt. 
Vernon, Sept. 3, 1850; she was born 
April 6,1826, in Uniontown, Penn. ; 
in Spring of 1853, started with his 
family fur the West ; arrived in Tama 
Co. in July of that year, and settled 
near Butlerville, near the west line of 
the county ; sold his farm in 1864, and 
built a hotel at Le Grand Station ; re- 
mained there about five years, when he 
moved it to the town of Le Grand, in 
Marshall Co. Have three children liv- 
ing — Susan C, Frank L. and Sarah B.; 
lost one — Katie L. Republican. 

WEAVER, JONATHAN, black- 
smith, Dillon. 
WEAVER, JOHX, far., S. 9 ; P. 
0. Quarry ; owns 120 acres of land, 
valued at $35 per acre ; born Dec. 4, 
1810, in Northampton Co., Penn., he 
learned the shoemaker's trade in early 
life ; after he was 21, he worked in dif- 



LE GRAND TOWNSHIP 



603 



fereut cities in Pennsylvania for about 
seven years, them came to Fort Wayne, 
Tnd., where he remained six or seven 
years, then followed jour, work in dif- 
ferent parts of the State until 1851 ; lie 
came to Iowa and stopped in Franklin 
Co., most of the time till he came to 
Le Grand, in this county, in 1858 ; fol- 
lowed his trade there a few years, then 
purchased his present farm. Mr. W. 
has never been married. Democrat. 

II'EBB, M. A., for.; p. 0. Le Grand ; 
owns 127 acres of land, valued at $50 
per acre; born Feb. 19, 1822, in Co- 
lumbiana Co., Ohio ; read law with H. 
Ambler, an attorney of Salem, for three 
years, and was admitted to the bar ; came 
to Iowa in the Spring of 1851, and set- 
on his present farm ; part of the town 
of Le Grand was laid oft' on it in 1852 ; 
there were no settlers within sixteen 
miles south from Le Grand ; their near- 
est market was Iowa City. Married C. 
M. Voorhies Sept. 27, 1854 ; she was 
born Aug. 19, 1833, in New York 
City ; have six children living — Eliz- 
abeth E., Susan, William W., Anna, 
Carrie, Harry M. ; lost two — Mary and 
Nettie. Renublican. 

Welker, J. B.,Var.,S. 11 ; P. O. Le Grand. 

Welker, W. A., carp, and joiner, Le Grand. 

WENDT, AUGUST, farmer; P. 
0. Dillon ; owns a farm of 240 acres 
of land, the greater part of the town of 
Dillon being on his land ; he values his 
land at about S80 per acre ; was born 
May 3, 1830 in the town of Dalena, 
Province of Saxony, in Prussia ; came 
fi-om there to the United States in 1858, 
and settled at Le Grand, Iowa, and fol- 
lowed blacksmithing at Le Grand and 
Toledo, and after he came to his present 
farm, in 1863, for some time ; the town 
of Dillon was laid out in 1876. Married 
Julia Meuw iu April, 1859 ; she was 
born in Holland July 2'J, 1837 ; have 
ten children — Caroline, William, Henry, 
Emma, Ellen, Flora, Augustus, Frank, 
Mary and Johanas. Member of the 
Evangelical Lutheran Church ; Repub- 

WHITE, ABRAM, dealer in gro- 
ceries, glassware, etc., Le Grand ; born 
Dec. 18, 1819, in Harrison Co.,Ind,;at 
the age of 15 his parents moved to Bal- 
lard Co., Ky. ; three years after, they 



returned to Indiana, Crawford Co. ; went 
to Boonville, Cooper Co., Mo., in 1840 : 
clerked in a wholesale and retail dry 
goods and grocery store for one Alfred 
Simmons two years ; then came to Van 
Buren Co., Iowa. Wa.s married while 
there to Mary E. Reed Nov. 2, 1849 ; 
she was born Dec. 12, 1832, in Ohio. 
Mr. White went to California via over- 
land route in 1852 ; followed mining and 
ranching till the Fall of 1854, when he 
returned to Van Bui'en Co. ; about one 
year thereafter went to Appanoose Co.. 
and remained there till the Fall of 1862, 
when he came to this county ; subse- 
quently purchased a farm in Howard 
Tp., Tama Co. ; left his farm there and 
came to Le Grand in January, 1878. 
Mr. White has four children living — 
Richard J., Louisa, Joel and LeRoy ; 
lost three — Martha, Eva and an infant. 
Is a member of the Disciple Church ; Re- 
publican. 

WHITE, JOHN R., PROF., 
Principal of the Friends" Academy, Le 
Grand; was born April 22, 1850. in 
North Carolina ; at the age of 4 years, 
his parents moved to Henry Co., Ind. ; 
he was subsequently educated at Earl- 
ham College, in Wayne Co., where he 
graduated in 1874, and in the Fall of 
the same year, came to Le Grand and 
took charge of the Friends' Academy 
here, where he now is. Was married to 
Mary Willits, daughter of Ami Willits, 
Aug. 26, 1875 ; she was born in Ohio 
Aug. 26, 1850 ; have one son — Ever- 
ette A. 

WILDER, W. O., farmer and stock 
raiser. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; 
owns 268 acres of land, valued at §40 
per acre; born March 21, 1826, in Coos 
Co., N. H. ; parents moved to Geauga 
Co., Ohio, in 1836, and from there to 
Knox Co., 111., in 1839. Mr. Wilder 
was one of the company that the Oat- 
man family were in that started for Cal- 
ifornia hi June, 1850, to go via over- 
land through New Mexico ; the Oatman 
family left the party the following Feb- 
ruary to go through alone, and Mr. Oat- 
man and wife and five children were 
murdered by Apache Indian.s on the 
head waters of the Gila River; two 
daughters were taken captives, and one 
son, Lorenzo D., who was left for dead 



604 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



but came to, and was rescued ; one of 
the (laughters was rescued after five 
years of captivity, and the other died 
while with the Indians. Mr. Wilder 
got through to California in the Summer 
of 1851 ; remained there six years; re- 
turned to Knox Co., 111., in the Spring 
of 1856, and in the Fall, he came to this 
county. He was married to Betsey 
Aldrich Dec. 5, 1847, by whom he had 
two children — Joseph H. and Francis 
W. ; was again married, to J. L. Dun- 
can, July 6, 1859, in Illinois; she was 
born Feb. 14, 1838, in Ohio. Repub- 
lican. 

Willits, A., stock dealer and groceries, Le 
Grand. 

WII.I.IAMS, JACOB, farmer. 
See. 28 ; P. 0. Dillon; owns 158 acres 
of land, valued at $50 per acre ; about 
two acres of the town of Dillon is off 
irom his farm ; born Feb. 11, 1831, in 
Whiteside Co., 111.; came from there to 
this county in the Fall of 1 868, and settled 
on his present farm. Married H. Rawls 
Oct. 19, 1853, in Illinois ; she was born 
July 31, 1836, in Whiteside Co., 111.; have 
six children living, lost one — Robert W., 
born Dec. 17, 1854 : Susan A., July 10, 
1857 ; Henry L., Jan. 29, 1860 ; Sarah 
B., April 21, 1862; Charles M., Sept. 
6, 1864 ; George A., July 24, 1867 ; 
Laura M. B., Jan. 13, 1870 ; George A. 
died Nov. 17, 1868. Member of the 
Baptist Church ; Democrat. 

Willits, Ezra, far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Le Grand. 

WILLITS, JOEL, farmer and 
carpenter. Sec. 13; P. 0. Le Grand; 
owns forty-seven acres of land, valued 
at $5,000 ; born Dec. 26, 1828, in Knox 
Co., Ohio ; came from there to this 
county in 1855 ; subsequently returned 
to Ohio, and spent three years there and 
in Indiana ; finally concluded that Iowa 
was preferable, and, in 1861, returned, 



and has remained ever since. Married 
Mary Hammond Dec. 26, 1860 ; she 
was born Sept. 6,1826, in Jefferson Co., 
Ohio. Mr. Willits belongs to the So- 
ciety of Friends. He was drafted in 
the Fall of 1864, but on account of be- 
ing among the non-combatants, got off 
by paying $300. Republican. 

Wintron, Peter, laborer, Le Grand. 

Wolkin, G. G.,far., S. 34 : P. O.Dillon. 

WOLKEN, GEORGE R., farm 
er, Sec. 34; P. 0. Dillon; owns 400 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre ; 
born Oct. 31, 1821, in Hanover, Ger- 
many ; came to the United States in 
1846, and settled in Terre Haute, 
Ind. ; remained about a year and a 
half, and removed to Batavia, Kane Co., 
111.; remained there about six years; 
then came to Iowa, and settled on his 
present farm in this county. He was 
married to Anna Rabel m Illinois in the 
Spring of 1850 ; she was born in Ger- 
many in 1825, and died in this county 
in Oct., 1876 ; have eight children liv- 
ing — George, Rolf, Hiram, Diederick, 
John, Christine, Fanny and Anna ; lost 
two — Henry and an infant not named. 
Members of the Lutheran Church ; Re- 
publican. 

WOEKEX, HEXRY R., farmer, 
Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Dillon ; owns 284 acres 
of land, valued at $30 per acre ; born 
Oct. 18, 1836, in Hanover, Germany, 
where he lived until 1857, when he came 
to the United States, and settled in this 
county on his present farm. Married 
Cassa Mayo, of this county, March 12, 
1860 ; she was born in Germany June 
14, 1841 ; have eight children — Rolf, 
Diederick, George, John, Henry, Jacob, 
Harry and Herman, and are raising his 
wife's sister's child. Members of the 
Lutheran Church ; Republican. 

Wright, Thomas, far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Quarry. 



STATE CENTRE TOWNSHIP. 



605 



STATE CENTRE TOWNSHIP. 



ALLISON, JAMES, uttorney ; 
resides in State Centre ; born June 25, 
1835, in Ashtabula Co., Ohio ; when an 
infant he came with his parents to 
Rochester, N.Y.; in 1855, came to Kane 
Co., 111. ; in 1870, came to State Centre, 
Iowa ; was admitted to the bar at Aurora, 
111., in 1859, and has followed his pro- 
fession ever since; he owns 160 acres of 
land in Sec. 3. Married Sophia A. Park- 
hurst June 6, 1862 ; she was born in 
1838, in Kendall Co., 111. ; have two 
children — Mary and James. 

BAETHE, A., far.. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 
Bail, A., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. State Centre. 
Banks, D. J., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. State Centre. 
BARNES, n, J., firm of Barnes & 
Barr, harness and saddlery, State Cen- 
tre ; born Feb. 19, 1835, in New York ; 
in 1857, came to Bureau Co., Ill ; in 
1868, removed to Marshall Co., Iowa ; 
in 1873, came to State Centre, and 
worked for C. M. Davenport at the har- 
ness trade ; April 24, .1877, commenced 
his present business. Married W. A. 
Brasted Dec. 31, 1856; she was born 
Nov. 18, 1834, in Allegany Co., N. Y. ; 
have one child — George Z. Enlisted 
in 1862, in Co. A, 65th I. V. I. ; served 
about five months, and was discharged on 
account of a wound received at Martins- 
burg, Va. 

Bassett, Gr. W., minister, State Centre. 

BELL., ROBERT, farmer, Sec. 15 ; 
P. 0. State Centre ; born Jan. 4, 1834, 
in Canada ; in 1856, came to Ogle Co., 
111. ; in 1864, removed to Marshall Co., 
Iowa ; in 1866, came to his present farm ; 
owns 160 acres of land, valued at $45 
per acre. Married Miss L. Vance March 
7, 1871 ; she was born in 1844, in 
Canada. 

Benner, H., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

Berry, B. N., far., S. 25 ; P.O. State Centre. 

Berry, E., far., S. 25 ; P. O. State Centre. 

Berry, J., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

Binson, A., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

Blakely, D., minister, State Centre. 

BRAOBLRY, M. B., IIRS., 

daughter of Isaac Proctor ; widow of 
Josiah Bradbury, Sec. 15 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. He was born May 6, 1809, in 



Stark, Maine, died Oct. 22, 1863, iti 
Lee Co., 111. ; she was born Jan. 4, 1S18, 
in Oxford Co., Maine ; in 1854, came to 
Lee Co., 111. ; in 1864, removed to State 
Centre, Iowa ; owns 100 acres of land, 
valued at $80 per acre. She was married 
July 12, 1840, in Franklin Co., Maine ; 
had eleven children, ten living — N. B., 
J. K., J. C, Mary P., E. L., E. C, C. 
H., L. G , W. A. and F. E. Mr. B. 
enlisted in 1861, in Co. F, 34th 111. 
V. I. ; served to close of the war.. Mr. 
B. enlisted in 1862 ; served about 
one year ; was discharged on account of 
sickness. Member of the Presbyterian 
Church. 

Brewer, J. A., carpenter. State Centre. 

Brimhall S. M., drugs, State Centre. 

Brooks, Justin, teamster. State Centre. 

Brown, L., farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

Bulkley, F. D., minister. State Centre. 

Buck, D. H., harness. State Centre. 

BUCK, MARCUS A., firmer, S. 
24; P. 0. State Centre ; born April 16. 
1828, in Windsor Co., Vt. ; in 1863, 
came to Ogle Co., Ill ; in 1865, came to 
Marshall Co., Iowa; in 1866, removed 
to his present farm , owns 320 acres of 
land, valued at $30 per acre. Married 
Lucia M. Wilkins in 1851 ; she was born 
in 1832, in Windsor Co., Vt. ; they have 
eight children — Carroll C, Everett, 
Mary, Coridon, Ralph, Myrta, Maggie 
and Harry. Is School Trustee. 

BULLOCK, R. R., firm of Bullock 
& Welty, livery, sale and feed stables, 
State Centre; born Jan. 13, 1819, in 
Genesee Co., N. Y.; in 1840, came to 
Kendall Co., 111.; in 1855, came to State 
Centre Tp. ; he owns a house and lot in 
town, also eighty acres of land in this 
township. Married Rebecca Barns Nov. 
20, 1849, in La Salle Co., 111.; she was 
born in 1826, in Erie Co., Penn.; have 
four children — Franklin, Henry, Lillie 
and William. Is Street Commissioner ; 
he has held most of the town offices. 

Bullock, William, laborer. State Centre. 

CARPKNTER, J. B., live stock. State 
Centre. 
Carpenter, Wallace, live stock dealer. State 
Centre. 



me 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



CHAMBEKLAIX, D., far , S 15; 

P. 0. State Centre ; born Feb. 7, 1840, 
in Washtenaw Co., Mich.; in 1866, came 
to his present farm ; owns 425 acres, val- 
ued at $40 per acre. Married Miss R. 
Easton Feb. 18, 1860 ; she was born 
Dec. 15, 1838, in Washtenaw Co., 
Mich.; they have three children — Urvil- 
la, Louis and Myrtia. Are members of 
the Presbyterian Church. 

Clark, L. L., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

Colson, H., far., S. 22; P. 0. State Centre. 

COPE, R. L.., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. State 
Centre ; burn April 25, 1834, in Colum- 
biana Co., Ohio ; in 1858, went to Stark 
Co., Ohio ; in 1868, removed to his pres- 
ent farm ; owns 100 acres of land, val- 
ued at $35 per acre. Married Anna G. 
Glosser April 22, 1858 ; she was born 
July 29, 1840, in Columbiana Co., Ohio; 
have four children — Willis H., born 
Sept. 5, 1859 ; Myria F., born Jan. 12, 
1863; George L., born Nov. 12, 1867; 
Amy B., born March 2, 1876. En- 
listed in 1864, in Co. H, 162d Ohio V. 
I.; served about four months. He has 
been School Director four years. 

COIRTRIGHT, JNO., retired; 
residence State Centre ; born Jan. 1, 
1841, in Harrison Co., Ohio ; in 1863 
came to Marshall Co., Iowa, remained 
about four months, then returned to 
Ohio ; June 12, 1874, removed to 
State Centre ; owns house and lot in 
the city. Married Angeline Scott, Aug. 
15, 1861 ; she was born June 24, 
1843, in Jefferson Co., Ohio; have one 
child— Olive, born Aug. 15, 1863. 
Enlisted in 1864 in Co. C, 157th Ohio 
Inf, and served about three weeks. 
Members of the Presbyterian Church. 

COWAN, JAIIE!^ F., night po- 
liceman. State Centre ; born Nov 15, 
1849, in Canada ; in 1852, came to War- 
ren Co., 111.; in 1868, came to State 
Centre ; he owns about four acres of 
land inside of the corporation. His father 
died Jan. 24, 1877, aged 57 ; his mother 
is now about 62 years old, and lives 
with him ; has one brother and sister 
living in State Centre. Are members of 
the M. E. Church. 

Cowan, R., teamster. State Ciuitre. 

Cross, J. H., laborer, State Centre. 

Cutler, B., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

Cutler, J. B., steam grist mill, State Centre. 



CUTLER, J. O., miller. State Cen- 
tre ; born Jan. 8, 1833, in Canada; in 
1845, came to Stephenson Co., 111.; in 
1870, removed to State Centre. Mar- 
ried Clara E. Bulkley Nov. 28, 1855 ; 
she was born in 1835, in New York ; 
have one child — Frederick A., and an 
adopted son — Chester F. Cutler, now 
agent for N. W. R. R.. at Lowdon, Ce- 
dar Co., Iowa. Is Chief Engineer of the 
Fire Department. His wife's parents 
reside with him. Are members of the 
M. E. Church. 

DAVENPORT, C. W., meat market. 
State Centre. 

Davenport, H. B., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

Demange, P. L., boot and shoe dealer. 
State Centre. 

Demange, P. S., laborer, State Centre. 

DEMIXG, J. R., Postmaster, State 
Centre;, born Jan. 14, 1826, in Berk- 
shire Co., Mass ; in 1863, came to De 
Kalb Co., Ill; in 1864, removed to State 
Centre, Iowa, and commenced stock 
raising ; continued in this business about 
two years, then was employed by J. W. 
Tuthill in the lumber business, which 
position he held till 1873, when he re- 
ceived his appointment as Postmaster. 
Married Sarah E. Jones Nov. 7, 1848 ; 
she was born Nov. 14, 1825, in Berk- 
shire Co., Mass. ; have one child — Katie 
E. Mr. D. has been four years Town 
Trustee. 

Derwer, F., laborer. State Centre. 

Dobbin, A., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

DOBBIN, J. W., banker ; born in 
Greenwich, Washington Co., N. Y., 
April 24, 1832 ; lived on a farm in that 
county until 1853 ; fi'om that time until 
September, 1854, he worked at the car- 
penter's trade in the same county ; Sep- 
tember, 1854, he removed to Sandwich, 
111.; resided there until Jan. 1, 1865 ; 
Jan. 1, 1865, he came to State Centre ; 
engaged in mercantile business and deal- 
ing in lumber and agricultural imple- 
ments until the Fall of 1868, when he 
engaged in the lumber trade exclusively ; 
in April, 1869, he commenced the bank- 
ing business, and has continued it ever 
since. He has been Alderman, Corpo- 
ration Treasurer, and has held various 
other offices since he came here. He 
owns 200 acres of land in Sec. 21, 160 






'^ MC-e 



ED. & PUB. STATE CENTRE ENTERPRISE 
STATE CENTRE 



STATE CENTRE TOWNSHIP. 



607 



acres in Sec. 16, and thirty acres within 
the corporation limits — all in this town- 
ship. Mr. Dobbin married Julia A. 
Fuller Sept. 11, 18H1 ; she was born in 
Carlton, Orleans Co., N. Y., Feb. 4, 
1835; they have tour children — Ward 
F., born in Sandwich, 111., July 26, 
1862 ; Fred Lee, born at State Centre 
June 29, 1866 ; Alice E., born at State 
Centre Feb. 9, 1868, and Walter R., 
born July 27, 1872. Mrs. Dobbin is a 
member of the Presbyterian Church, 
being one of the original members of the 
Church of this place. 

DUDLEY^ J., retired. State Centre ; 
born Feb. 25, 1818, in Steuben Co., N. 
Y. ; in 1840, came to Dixon, 111. ; in 
1864, removed to Eden Tp , and bought 
240 acres in State Centre Tp. ; he owns 
two lots and house in the city, also one- 
fourth interest in a farm of 600 acres in 
State Centre. Married Susan A. Hutton 
in October, 1844 ; she was born in 
Pennsylvania in 18125 ; have two children 
— Clarence and John. Are members of 
the Presbyterian Church. 

DUDLEY, SARAH, MRS., 
daughter of Thomas Bunker, widow of 
J. D. Dudley, State Centre ; he was 
born Dec. 1, 1830, in Bath, N. Y. ; died 
Feb. 6, 1867 ; in 1831, he came to 
Michigan ; in 1857, removed to Illinois ; 
in 1862, came to Marshall Co., Iowa; 
in 1864, removed to their present home ; 
they own 130 acres ; thirty acres of this 
is inside the corporation ; she was born 
June 29, 1831, in Livingston Co., N. 
Y. Was married May 21, 1852, in 
Ann Arbor, Mich. ; had three children, 
two living — Thomas J., aged 19, and 
Clara E., aged 16 ; lost George E. Jan. 
6, 1870, aged 15. Mr. D. was Justice 
of the Peace and County Clerk in Dex- 
ter, Mich. Members of the Presby- 
terian Church. 

Dupree, H., painter. State Centre. 

EWIXG, JOHN C, farmer. Sec. 
33 ; P. 0. State Center ; born Feb. 
12, 1848, in Putnam Co., Ohio; in 
1854, came to Illinois ; in 1856, came 
to Story Co., Iowa ; in 1861, removed 
to Marshall Co., Iowa; in 1871, came 
to his present farm; owns 100 acres, 
valued at S30 per acre. Married Jose- 
phine Devine Oct. 4, 1866 ; she was 
born Aug. 11, 1845, in Macomb Co., 



Mich. Mr. E. was Township Assessor 
in 1877. 

F AIRHEAD, J. S., grocer. State Cen- 
tre. 

Fairman, Jas., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

Ferris, H., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

FERGUSOX, ROBERT, farmer 
Sec. 23 ; P. 0. State Centre ; born in 
Jan., 1844, in JeiFerson Co., Ohio ; in 
in 1867, came to his present farm ; owns 
320 acres, valued at $30 per acre. Mar- 
ried Miss Mary M. Nichols in June, 
1871 ; she was born in 1848, in Wash- 
ington Co., Penn.; had four children, 
three living — Howard E., Mary and an 
infant. 

Ferrin, P. E., far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

Fish, C. H., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. State Centre 

Fish, J., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

FISH, THOMAS, farmer, Sec. 2; 
P. 0. State Centre ; born Feb. 19, 1836, 
in England ; in 1862, came to Canada ; 
in 1864, removed to Marshall Co., Iowa; 
in 1868, came to their present farm ; he 
and his brother John own 104 acres, 
valued at $25 per acre. His father was 
born in 1810, and died in 1847. His 
mother was born in 1811, and died in 
1861, in England. They have one sis- 
ter, now living in England. 

Fisher, Jacob, blacksmith. State Centre. 

Fitch, D. H., carpenter. State Centre. 

Foft, J., far., S. 26; P. 0. State Centre. 

Ficken, G., ftir., S. 27 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

Frohwein, L., saloon, State Centre. 

QIRTON, PEARCE, farmer. Sec. 34 ; 
P. 0. State Centre. 

GOODRICH, L.. B., farmer. Sec 
11 ; P. 0. State Centre; born Dec. 10, 
1851, in Lorain Co., Ohio; in 1870, 
came to State Centre, Iowa, and first en- 
gaged in the grocery business ; in 1876, 
came to his present farm ; owns eighty 
acres of land ; also works 560 acres, 
owned by his father-in-law. Married 
Laura Smith Sept 18, 1875 ; she wa.s 
born Feb. 12, 1858, in Willow Creek, 
111.; have one child — Nellie M., born 
Oct. 12, 1877. Has been Constable and 
member of the Council. 

Gulic, I., furniture, State Centre. 

Gutekunst, J., stock dealer, State Centre. 

TTALE, JAMES, laborer, State Centre. 



608 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



HAMMOND, W. H., attorney, 
State Centre; born May 17, 1845, in 
Jefferson Co., Oiiio ; in 1861, he came 
Indiana ; the following year, removed to 
Marshall Co., Iowa ; was admitted to 
the bar at Marshalltown, Iowa, in 1875, 
and practiced there during 1876 ; on 
January 1, 1877, came to State Centre, 
and continued his profession. Married 
Mary M. Jones Feb., 1863; she was 
born Jan. 17,1846, in Miami Co., Ohio. 

Hansen, C, mason. State Centre. 

HARMON, A. W., farmer, Sec. 
29 ; P. 0. State Centre ; born May 8, 
1841, in De Kalb Co., 111.; March 6, , 
1878, came to his present farm ; owns 
245 acres, valued at $30 per acre. Mar- 
ried Ida Z. Rose Nov. 5, 1861 ; she 
was born May 24, 1843, in Otsego Co., 
N. Y.; have three children — Elsworth 
W., Luella A. and John A. Mrs. H. is 
a member of the Baptist Church. 

Harrandorf, Fred., far., S. 31 ; P.O. State 
Centre. ' 

Hart, J. S., farmer, State Centre. 

Hatten, A., laborer, State Centre. 

HAYNE, F. A., fimner. Sec. 14; 
P. 0. State Centre ; born June 6, 1820, 
in Jefferson Co., Ohio ; in 1868, he 
came to his present farm ; owns 200 
acres, valued at $30 per acre. Married 
Aribella Hayne in 1846 ; she was 
born March 25, 1827, in Jefferson Co., 
Ohio ; had eight children ; seven living 
— James, Caroline, Kate, Frank, David. 
Grant and Phebe Belle. Members 
of the Methodist Church. 

Henshaw, W. N., furniture. State Centre. 

HOLLY, S. M., farmer, Sec. 24 ; 
P. 0. State Centre; born May 22, 
1831, in Genesee Co.. N. Y.; in 1855, 
came to Whiteside Co., 111.; in 1868, 
came to his present farm; owns 100 
acres, valued at $45 per acre. Married 
Phebe A. Stone Dec. 12, 1855 ; she 
was born in 1838, in Madison Co., N. 
Y.; have five children — Charlie 0., 
Frank G., Clarence, Clara and Beuna- 
vista. Has been Road Superintendent. 
Is elder of the Seventh-Day Advent 
Church. 

Hoppes, Samuel, butcher. State Centre. 

Howell, G. W., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

Hornier, Sam'l, far., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 



Hoskyu, Joseph, clerk. State Centre. 

Hunt, 0. G., druggist, State Centre. 

Hutton, N., far., S. 22; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

TACOBSON, J., cooper. State 

t) Centre; born Feb. 22, 1842, in Norway; 
in 1856, he came to Chicago; in 1867, 
he removed to Rochelle, 111.; in 1870, 
he came to State Centre ; he owns three 
lots and house and his shop in the city. 
Married Rebecca Koons in Nov., 1863 ; 
she was born Nov. 30, 1848, in Ohio; 
had six children ; five living — Jesse, 
Anna, Grace, Daisic and Minnie. In 

1865, he went to Nashville, Tenn., and 
worked for the Government as carpen- 
ter ; in 1874, he visited his parents iu 
Norway, and returned here the same 
year. 

JAROL.EMAN, JOHN, farmer, 
Sec. 33 ; P. 0. State Centre ; born 
Nov. 13, 1819, in Huron Co., Ohio ; in 
1821, came to Cayuga Co., N. Y., with 
his mother ; in 1825, removed to Genesee 
Co., N. Y.; in 1838, came to Ontario 
Co., N. Y.; in 1855, removed to Mar- 
shall Co., Iowa ; in 1857, settled on his 
present farm ; owns 800 acres of land, 
valued at $30 per acre. Married Pliebe 
Kelly in 1851 ; she was born in 1831 in 
in New York, died in 1853 ; had one 
child — Phebe J. Second marriage to 
Susan A.Devine in 1855 ; she was born 
in 1833 in New York ; have three chil- 
dren — Charles M., Norma E. and John 
L. Has been County Supervisor. 

KEUXECKE, HENRY, firm of 

Keunecke & Scott, hardware and agricul- 
tural implements, State Centre ; born 
Nov. 23,1 684, in Braunshweig,Geruiany ; 
in 1865, came to De Kalb Co.. 111.; ii> 

1866, removed to State Center ; in 1867, 
returned to De Kalb Co., 111.; in 1870, 
removed to Aurora, 111., and in 1871, 
returned to State Centre ; first followed 
the carpenter trade; in 1872, opened a 
billiard and beer saloon, and continued 
this business till 1876, when he com- 
menced his present business. Married 
Paulina Keucher June 21, 1874; she 
wus born Dec. 27, 1857, in Wurtemberg, 
Germany ; have two children — Rosilia 
and Paulina. 

Kennev, M. M., laborer, State Centre. 
KI^»ER, J. W., farmer, Sees. 28 and 
29 ; P. O. State Centre ; born Nov. 3, 



STATE CENTRE TOWNSHIP. 



609 



1831, iu Perry Co., Ponn.; in 1833, 
came with his parents to Ohio ; in 184'4, 
came to Bureau Co., 111.; in 18G4, came 
to Jasper Co., Iowa ; in 1875, came to 
his present farm ; owns 210 acres, val- 
ued at S40 per acre. Married Miss N. 
Skape in 1853 ; she was born in 1829, 
and died in 1855 ; second marriage to 
Sarah J. Hancher July 26, 1857 ; she 
was born Oct. 3, 1837, in Harrison Co., 
Ohio ; have eight children — Ida A., 
Angenette, Frank A., Hattie N., Will- 
iam S., Cora E., Jennie F. and Laura 
J. Are members of the Christian 
Church. 
T ABER, L., laborer. State Centre. 

Lander, Joseph, tailor. State Centre. 
Laplant, C. T., laborer, State Centre. 
Lapland, J. L., far., Sec. 35 ; P. 0. State 

Centre. 
Laplant, J. L.. far., S. 20 ; P. 0. State 

Centre. 
Lay, J. H., grain. State Centre. 
Letturnee, Joseph, laborer, State Centre. 
Lodge, John, wagon mfg., State Centre. 
Love, C. B., farmer. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. State 

Centre. 
Lubkert, Henry, laborer. State Centre. 

McCAIN, H., farmer. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. 
State Centre. 

McCarty, M. P., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

McCarty, P., far.; State Centre. 

McXARY, JOHK, farmer, Sec. 23 ; 
P. 0. State Centre; born Feb. 16, 1832, 
in Jefferson Co., Ohio; in 1856, came 
to Marshall Co., Iowa ; in 1858, removed 
to his present farm, which he entered 
from the Government in 1854 ; owns 
240 acres, valued at $40 per acre ; also 
one-fourth interest in a farm of 600 acres 
in this township. Married Sarah J. 
Hass Jan., 1856 ; she was born in 1831, 
in Ohio, died in 1862 ; have four chil- 
dren — William A., Anna E., John A. 
and Jane Isbell. Second marriage to 
Margaret J. Taggart April, 1865 ; she 
was born in 1838 in Harrison Co., Ohio ; 
have six children — Ida May, Margaret 
C, Laura M., Robert J., Hubert L. and 
Flora. 

MAXWARIXG, AI.BERT, 
former; P.O. State Center; born Aug. 12, 
1826, in Chenango Co., N. Y. ; in 1855, 
came to Marshall Co., Iowa; owns fifty- 



five acres in Sec. 10, part of which is 
inside the corporation ; he also owns 200 
acres in Washington Township. Mar- 
ried Euphemia M. Welsh March 25, 
1857 ; she was born Nov. 7, 1829, in 
New Jersey ; have four children — David 
S., Charlie R., George A. and Milton A. 

Mank, A. L., boots and shoes. State Centre. 

Martin, D. B., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. State Cen 
tre. 

MEXDENHAL.!., JAMES, far , 
Sec. 32 ; P. 0. State Centre ; born Dec. 
25, 1826, in Muskingum Co., Ohio; in 
1832, came to Shelby Co., Ind. ; in 
1844, came to La Salle Co., Ill ; in 1853, 
removed to his present farm, which he en- 
tered from the Government in '54 ; owns 
180 acres of land, valued at $30 per acre. 
Married Geraldine Parsons Nov, 22, 
1855 ; she was born July 27, 1836, in 
Randolph Co., Va ; had eight children 
— Alice G., born Aug. 31, 1856, died 
June 5, 1857 ; Thomas B., born April 
24, 1858; J. W., Sept. 21, 1859; 
Charles W., Aug. 27, 1861 ; S. H., 
Dec, 29, 1865; Susan B., Oct. 30, 
1867 ; Grace M., Oct. 10, 1870, and 
Mary E., Jan. 22, 1875. 

MERRIIilv, J. W., editor and pub- 
lisher State Centre Enterprise. 

Miller, A. H., far., S. 25 ; P. O. State Cen- 
tre. 

Miller, H. A., for., S. 15 ; P. 0. State Cen- 
tre. 

Miller, J. A., far., S. 25 ; P. O. State Cen- 
tre. 

Mitten, G., mason, State Centre. 

Morgan, S. W., grocer, State Centre. 

Mosher, T., laborer. State Centre. 

Munson, F. S., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. State Cen- 
tre. 
\TEWTON, SETH, farmer. Sec. 27 ; 

JLM P. 0. State Centre. 

Nichols, J. H., grain. State Centre. 

Nichols, P. P., carpenter. State Centre. 

Nichols, S. J., grain. State Centre. 

Niles, N. L., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. State Cen- 

Noble, W. J., far. ; P. 0. State Centre. 
Noonan. Morris, laborer. State Centre. 
I ARROTT, J.W., livery, State Centre. 



P 



Phelps, B.,far., S. 20; P. 0. State Centre. 
Price, Cliarles, carpenter. State Centre. 

EEAD, L. J., meat market. State 
Centre. 



610 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



Renssner, Charles F. C, boots and shoes, 
State Centre. 

Rhinaker, — , far, S. 5 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

Rhoads. H., far., S. 14; P. 0. State Centre. 

RHODES, C. B., capitalist, State 
Centre; born May 12, 1811, in Cham- 
pain Co., Ohio; in 1830, came to 
Tazewell Co., 111.; in 1853 came to Eden 
Township, Iowa, and settled on Sec. 9 ; 
he owns in that township 337 acres, 
valued at $50 per acre, and 160 acres 
in Sec. 20, State Centre Township, 
Viilued at SI 5 per acre. Married Sarah 
Harmon Jan. 1, 1833; she was born in 
1809, in North Carolina; had three 
children; two living — Anthony and 
John N. C; lost James W. in infancy. 
Mr. R. has been Justice of the Peace 
and member of the County Board. 

Rhode, Ernest, tailor, State Centre. 

Rhohr, John B., gardener. State Centre. 

Richards, A., painter. State Centre. 

Richards, C R., carpenter. State Centre. 

Richardson, D. W., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. 
State Centre. 

Richmand, J., far., S. 20; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

Richardson, Martin, far., S. 34 ; P. 0. 
State Centre. 

Richards, William, carpenter. State Centre. 

ROBB, HARRISON, firm of 
Ewing & Robl), groceries and queens- 
ware. State Centre ; born Jan. 26, 
1826, in Monroe Co., N. Y.; in 1844, 
he came to De Kalb Co., 111.; in 1853, 
he removed to Marshall County, 
Iowa ; then entered 280 acres of land 
in Sec. 32. Married Hester, daughter 
of Dr. Arnold, of Sandwich, 111., May 
16, 1854; she was born in 1832, in 
Ohio ; have four children — Eva, Mary 
D., Fremont and William. Mr. R. is 
Mayor; was elected in 1877. 

ROBERTS, lOARSHAEIi, 

far., S. 6 ; P. 0. State- Centre; born 
March 12, 1847, in Mercer Co., 111.; 
in 1867, he came to his present farm ; 
owns 200 acres, valued at $30 per acre. 
Married Mary Benner Sept. 7, 1873; 
she was born in 1854 in Pennsylvania. 
Mr. R. enlisted March 10, 1865, in Co. 
G, 58th 111. V. I., and served to the 
close of the war; was in the battle of 
Mobile, Ala., Spanish Fort and Fort 
Blakely. He has been School Director 
and Road Supervisor. 



Rogers, George, hardware. State Centre. 

SARGEANT, WILLIAM, laborer, 
State Centre. 
Sargent, W. A., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. State 

I AVI fyp 

SCHIEL.IXG, JOSEPH, firm of 

Schilling, Rogers & Co., hardware and 
farming machinery. State Center ; born 
Nov. 14, 1839, in Prussia, Germany; 
in 1853, came to De Kalb Co., 111.; in 
Feb., 1875, came to State Centre, and 
commenced his present business. Mar- 
ried Minnie Hennis May 24, 1862 ; she 
was born in 1841 in Wenzen, Germany ; 
have seven children — Edward, George, 
Mary, Louisa, Wesie, Mandie and Jo- 
seph. Enlisted in 1861, as a musician 
in the 44th 111. Y. I., and served nine 
months. Was a member of the Com- 
mon Council in 1877. Mrs. S. is a 
member of the Lutheran Church. 

Scott, E., hardware. State Centre. 

Schylar J., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

Serine, W. G. ,flir., S. 28; P.O. State Centre. 

SHIELDS, J. B., farmer. Sec. 4 ; 
P. 0. State Center ; born Sept. 15, 1836, 
in Harrison Co., Ind.; in 1850, came to 
Fidton Co., 111.; in 1867, removed to 
Jasper Co., Iowa; in 1877, came to his 
present farm ; he and D. J. Moyer own 
160 acres of land, valued at $50 per 
acre. Married Sarah J. McCumber 
April 21, 1859 ; she was born Nov. 22, 
1837, in Fulton Co., 111.; have nine 
children — Mary E., Samantha J., Sada 
M., Charles L., William S., Clara, Er- 
nest R., Fred M. and Arthur. Enlisted 
in 1862 in Co. H, 85th 111. V. I.; served 
to the end of the . war. Mrs. S. is a 
member of the Methodist Church. 

SHIPMAN, y. J., COL,., dealer 
in agricultural implements ; born near 
Oak Orchard Harbor, Orleans Co., N. 
Y. ; came to State Centre Jan. 1, 1865 ; 
he was associated with J. W. Dobbin in 
mercantile, lumber and agricultural im- 
plement business until November, 1868 ; 
since then, he has carried on the same 
business until 1876, when he disposed 
of his mercantile business ; still carries 
on agricultural implement business ; he 
spends considerable time in Florida, but 
he employs men to conduct his business 
here during his absence. The Colonel 
was in the Army of the Potomac several 
years during the late rebellion ; was 



STATE CENTRE TOWNSHIP. 



611 



Captain of New York Sharpshooters ; 
for taliant conduct, he was promoted to 
Lieutenant Colonel. 
SHOPPE, AUGrST, farmer, Sec. 
16 ; P. 0. State Centre; born Dec. 25, 
1843, in Germany; in 1868, came to 
his present farm; owns 160 acres of 
hind, valued at $50 per acre. Married 
Fredereke Henneus in July, 1868 ; she 
was born in 1846 in Germany ; had six 
children, three living — William, Henry 
and Ada. Are members of the Presby- 
terian Church. 
Smith, W. L., capitalist. State Centre. 
Snyder, D. C, mason. State Centre. 
Snyder, E. P., restaurant. State Centre. 
J«JNYDER, WIJLLIAM, gardener, 
State Centre; born Sept. 18, 1811. in 
Montgomery Co., N. Y.; in 1857, came 
to Sandwich, 111 , and laid the first side- 
walk and graded the first street in Sand- 
wich ; was Street Commissioner seven 
years out of ten years he lived there ; 
in 1867, came to Marshall Co.; in 1873, 
removed to his present home ; he owns 
one and three-fourths acres of land, with 
two houses in the city. Married Rachel 
Forncrook March 3, 1848 ; she was born 
in Aug., 1819, in Montgomery Co., N. 
Y. He has two sons by a former mar- 
riage — E. P. and D. C. E. P. enlisted 
in 1862, and served to the end of the 
war. Mr. S. has been Street Commis- 
sioner and City Marshal here. Are 
members of the Presbyterian Church. 
Starr, S. J., blacksmith. State Centre. 
STIPP, W, H,, grain, coal and seeds, 
also proprietor of Stipp's Hotel, State 
Centre ; born June 15, 1842, in Waynes- 
ville, 111.; in April, 1866, came to State 
Centre ; first engaged as bookkeeper 
for Carpenter Bros. & Co.; in 1869, 
commenced his present business. Mar- 
ried H. E. Culver Dee. 8, 1869; she 
was born Nov. 27, 1846, in Kendall Co., 
111.; have one child — Harley H., born 
Feb. 25, 1872. Enlisted April 18, 
1861, in Co. C, 10th 111. V- I., and 
served to the close of the war. 
Stone, H. C, retired. State Centre. 
Stoudt, A. F., far., S. 19; P. 0. State 

Centre. 
Stoudt, Joseph, laborer. State Centre. 
SWIFT, JOSEPH, surveyor and 
civil engineer; State Centre, born Aug. 
24, 1819, in Lorain Co., Ohio ; in 1877, 



T 



came to State Centre ; he owns 240 acres 
of land, in Minerva Tp., and sixteen acres 
with his residence at State Centre. 
Married Electa Phillips Elder Feb. 22, 
1844 ; she was born Nov. 20, 1819, in 
Oneida Co., N. Y.; have two children — 
Ephraim G. and Ella M. Are members 
of the Presbyterian Church. 
ISDALE, J. W., laborer. State Centre. 



Thompson, E. P., far., S 9 ; P. 0. State 

Centre. 
Tummel, F. G., clothino-, State Centre. 
TEEGAROEX, SOLOMOX, 

farmer. Sec, 1 ; P. O. State Centre ; 
born July 27, 1817, in Greene Co., 
Penn.; in 1827, came to Columbiana 
Co., Ohio; in 1855, came to Indiana ; 
in 1866, came to Cedar Co., Iowa ; in 
1872, removed to his present farm ; 
owns 110 acres of land, valued at $25 
per acre. Married Elizabeth Grant May 
30, 1844; she was born Sept. 8, 1824, 
died May 31, 1855 ; had four children 
— David, William A., Sarah and Mary 
J.; second marriage to Mary Hole, Jan. 
1, 1858; shewas^born March 28, 1813, 
in Columbiana Co., Ohio. 

TURNER, E. H., farmer, Sec. 2 ; 
P. 0. State Centre ; born March 10, 
1828, in New York ; in 1852, came to 
Champaign Co., 111. ; in 1858, came to 
Eden Tp., Iowa ; in 1867, removed to 
State Centre Tp.; owns 105 acres of land, 
valued at $35 per acre. Married I^liza 
A. Smith Feb. 3, 1859 ; she was born 
March 9, 1841, in Champaign Co., III.; 
had seven children, five living — John 
Edward, Mary E., Charlotte E., Ella 
E., and William R. 

TUTHIL-L, JOHX W., lumber. 
State Centre; born July 6, 1846, in 
Chenango Co., N. Y.; in 1854, came to 
Luzerne Co., Penn.; Nov. 28, 1856, he 
came to Clinton, Iowa ; in Mai'ch, 1862, 
removed to Chicago and was employed 
in the L^nion National Bank, as book- 
keeper, until 1865, when he returned to 
Clinton, Iowa, and was employed by 
Lamb & Son, lumber dealers ; held this 
position until June, 1869, when he came 
to State Centre, and then commenced 
his present business. Married Jennie 
Buck Sept. 21, 1868 ; she was born 
May 10. 1847, in Columbus, Ohio ; have 
three children — Arthur W., George B. 



G12 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



and Chancy L. Was elected in March, 
1872, School Treasurer, and still holds 
this position. 

YANCE, WILLIAM, farmer, Sec. 
27 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

Vader, D., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

VALIANT, C. F., barber. State 
Centre; born Aug. 31, 1851, on the 
Island of Sicily, Italy ; in Sept., 18G7, 
came to Chicago; in 1870, traveled 
South, through the Winter, and re- 
turned to Chicago in the Spring of 
1871 ; in Oct., 1871, left Chicago for 
St. Louis, Memphis, Little Rock, New 
Orleans, Mobile, Florida and Texas ; in 
the Spring of 1872, came to Marshall- 
town, Iowa ; Aug. 16, 1874, came to 
State Centre ; he owns a house and two 
lots in the city, also his shop. Married 
Nettie Greenfield Dee. 18, 1876 ; she 
was born in 1857, in Eden Tp. They 
are members of the Presbyterian Church. 

Vanosdall, I., far., S. 35; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

Vanosdell, J., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

YA]NPELT, v., farmer. Sec. 28; 
P. 0. State Centre; born Dec. 7, 1820, 
in Warren Co., Ohio ; in 1827, he came 
to Shelby Co., Ind.; in 1843, removed 
to De Kalb Co., 111.; in 1854, came to 
Marshall Co., Iowa ; in 1855, removed 
to his present farm ; owns 175 acres, 
valued at $40 per acre. Married 
Martha Mendenhall April 19, 1840 ; 
she was born July 28, 1824, in Mus- 
kingum Co., Ohio; have nine children — 
T. J., Aaron, Newton, James, Elizabeth, 
F. D., Geraldine, George Irvin, Emma 
A. Mr. Van P. served nine months till 
the close of the war. T. J. enlisted in 
'61 in Co. H, 13th I. Y. I. ; served 
three years, and was honorably dis- 
charged. Mrs. Van P.'s parents live 
witli them ; her father was born May 
0. 1797 ; her mother was born Oct. 
25, 1771 ; both born in Virginia. 

Viles, A. H.. far., Sec 29; P. O. State 

YOHH WILLI A]H, farmer, S. 10 ; 
P. O. State Centre ; born Aug. 10, 
1 838, in Germany ; in 1860, he came to 
Grant Co., Wis.; in 1863, came to 
Stephenson (^o.. 111.; in 1868, removed 
to State Centre, Iowa ; owns 250 acres, 
valued ;it 825 per acre. Mairied Louisa 



Lange Sept. 9, 1864 ; she was born 
Aug. 30, 1845, in Germany; have 
three children — Emma, Albert and 
George. 
Voss. Wm. H., wagon mfg., State Centre. 

WARD, P. W., blacksmith. State 
Centre. 

WALLACE, J. C, farmer, Sec. 
29 ; P. 0. State Centre ; born March 
12, 1845, in Columbiana Co., Ohio; 
May 15, 1869, he came to his present 
farm ; owns 200 acres. His father, Wm. 
Wallace, lives in Columbiana Co., Ohio, 
aged about 64 years. Enlisted in 1863 
in Co. F, 143d 0. V. I.; served about 
four months and was honorably dis- 
charged. His mother was born in 
Chester Co., Penn., March, 1823, and 
died in 1847 in Columbiana Co., Ohio. 

WALKER, CHAS. F., farmer, 
S. 35; P. 0. State Centre ; born Aug. 15, 
1835, in Somerset Co.; Penn.; in 1856, 
he came to Lee Co., 111.; in 1872, he 
came to Ogle Co., 111.; in 1877, came 
to his present farm ; owns 160 acres, 
valued at $35 per acre. Married Mary 
J. Thomas April 8, 1868 ; she was 
born in 1844 in Adams Co., Penn ; 
have six children — Lester, Millie, Alice, 
Susan, Charles and Lulu. Members 
of the German Baptist Church. 

WALKER, FRAIVK, attorney, 
State Centre ; he was born Jan. 
24, 1840, in Crawford Co., Penn., 
in 1843, he came to La Salle 
Co., 111., with his parents ; in 1866, he 
removed to State Centre, Iowa ; he built 
the first hardware store in State Centre. 
Has been Justice of the Peace about six 
years ; connnenced the practice of law 
in 1876. Married L. J. Weeks March 
7, 1861 ; she was born in 1838 in Illi- 
nois ; have three children — Grant, 
Hellcn and Harry. Enlisted in 1861 
in Co. H, 10th 111. V. I., and served 
about three months. 

WALKER, WASHINCiTON, 
Justice of the Peace and dealer in live 
stock. State Centre ; born June 16, 
1813, in Erie Co., Penn.; in 1833, he 
came to Buffalo, N. Y.; in 1842, he 
came to La Salle Co., 111.; in 1866, he 
removed to State Centre ; owns house 
and lot in the city. Married Anna 
Warren in 1837 ; she was born in Aug., 
1815, in Rochester, N. Y.; had seven 



STATE CENTRE TOWNSHIP. 



613 



children; five living — Sarah A., Frank, 
Cassie, Warren and Henrietta. Warren 
enlisted in the l(l5th 111. V. I., and 
served about one year. Mr. W. was 
the first Mayor of State Centre ; he 
filled this position two terms. 

Watson, Wm.. far., S. 22; P. O. State 
Ceutri'. 

WIESE, HEXRY W., general 
merchandise, State Centre ; born Sept. 
6, 1887, in Germany; in 18G4, he came 
to Davenport, Iowa ; in 1865, he com- 
menced peddling with horse and wagon; 
afterward drove two horses and wagon ; 
his route was from Davenport to Clinton 
and Lyons and other points in that 
vicinity. He bought forty acres of land 
in 18()7 in Crawford Co., Iowa, for which 
he paid $435; in 1868, he also bought 
eighty acres for $560 ; this land he has 
since sold ; he owns his store and lot. 
His father was born in 1803, and lives 
in Germany. He has one brother, who 
lives with his father. 

WEI.TY, JOHX P., firm of Bul- 
lock & Welty, livery, sale and feed 
stables, State Centre ; born Jan. 25, 
1848, in Lycoming Co., Penn ; in 1856, 
came to Bureau Co., 111. ; in 1869, re- 
moved to State Centre, Iowa ; he owns 
one-half interest in theu- livery, and 
house and lot in the city. Married Cor- 
nelia Epperson Feb. 25, 1864 ; she was 
born Nov. 14, 1846, in Bureau Co., 111., 
and died April 9, 1875 ; have three 
children — Lillie L., born June 26, 1866 ; 
Nellie, Dec. 20, 1868, and Boy, March 
30, 1875. Second marriage to Phebe 
Gregory Feb. 17, 1876 ; she was born 
June 22, 1850, in Woodstock, Ohio ; 
have one child — Emily C., born Nov. 
29, 1876. 

WEST, B. S., firm of West & 
Shearer, general hardware, State Centre ; 
born Dec. 22, 1840, in Columbiana Co., 
Ohio ; in 1846, came to Henry Co., Ind.; 
in 1871, came to State Centre, and com- 
menced the hardware business with A. 
M. Freelove ; continued it about two 
years, then continued the business on 
his own account for about two years ; 
then two years firm of West & Boss ; in 
1878, commenced the firm of West & 
Shearer. Married Emma Williams April 
22, 1876 ; she was born in 1853, in 
Brooklyn, N. Y. ; have one child — 



Lulu May, born in 1877. Enlisted in 
1861, in Co. E, 8th Ind. V. I.; served 
three years, and was honorably dis- 
charged. 

WHITEHIl^L, W. H., far , Sec. 
12 ; P. 0. State Centre; born in Cale- 
donia Co., Vt., in 1841 ; located in this 
county in 1868. Married Miss Maggie 
J. Gibson in 1869 ; she was born in the 
same county in Vermont in 1840 ; have 
four children — Nelson M., born Oct. 1, 
1870 ; William J., Dec. 25, 1873 ; Ben- 
jamin C, March 5, 1875; Anna B., 
June 29, 1877. Mrs. W. is a Baptist. 
He is a Bepublican and President of the 
School Board. He, with his brother, 
owns 240 acres of land, worth $40 per 
acre. He enlisted in the 10th Vt .V. I., 
Co. A, in 1862 ; mustered out July 2, 
1865 ; was with Sheridan all his ser- 
vice. 

WHITSOX, O. J., firm of J. W. 
Dobbin & Co., bankers, State Centre; 
born Sept. 24, ] 847, in Uniontown, 
Penn. ; in 1853, came with his parents 
to Cedar Co., Iowa ; in 1867, removed to 
State Centre, Iowa. Married Julia A. 
Lay Dec. 16, 1868 ; she was born Jan. 
13,1847, in Illinois. 

Wilkins, W. H., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

Williams, J. L., painter, State Centre. 

WINSLOW, CHARLES, carpen 
ter. State Centre ; born Nov. 13, 1844, in 
Merrimack Co., N. H. ; in 1 865, came to 
Marshalltown, Iowa ; in 1867. removed to 
State Centre. He owns house and three 
lots in the city, also one-half interest in 
the store occupied by Henshaw & Gulic. 
Married Lizzie Van Pelt Oct., 1869 ; 
she was born Oct, 3, 1853, in Indiana ; 
have one adopted boy — John Doyle. 

Woits, A., laborer. State Centre. 

WOOD,C. K., retired, State Centre ; 
born March 27, 1827, in Providence, R. 
I.; in 1847, came to Erie Co., Penn.; 
in 1851, came to Winneshiek Co., Iowa; 
in 1868, removed to Manshall Co., Iowa ; 
owns 170 acres of land in Eden Tp., 
also his residence in State Centre. Mar- 
ried S. L. Howard, daughter of Dolpha 
Howard, Nov. 18, 1849 ; she was born 
Nov. 7, 1827, in Chautauqua Co., N. 
Y. ; have six children — William W., 
born Oct. 6. 1850 ; Sarah A., Feb. 7, 
1853; C. A., Oct. 23, 1854; F. A., 



614 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



Dec. L'4, 1858 ; C. E., Dec. 15, 1865, 

and Ida, July 9, 1866. 
Woolston, F. A., restaurant, State Centre. 
Woolston, J. S., far., S. 83 ; P. 0. State 

Centre. 
Woodard, C. H., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. State 

Centre. 



ZIMMERMAN, CHARLES, saloon, 
State Centre. 
Zwilling, D., general merchandise, State 

Centre. 
Zwilling, Henry, general merchandise, 
State Centre. 



GREEN CASTLE TOWNSHIP. 



ACKLEY, WILLIAM, far., S. 15 ; 
P. 0. Gilman. 

Adkins, Wm., far. ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Alden, C. E., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

AliEXAlVDER, HENRY, pro- 
prietor of Gilman House, Gilman ; born 
May 12, 1826, in JeflFerson (^o., N. Y. ; 
his father's name was Solomon, and died 
when he was about 4 years old. At the 
age of 15, he went on board a whaling 
vessel from Provincetown, near Boston, 
which was out nine months ; then went 
on board a merchant vessel which run 
between New York and Liverpool, and 
was on merchant vessels till his last trip 
on the ocean, which was on a whaling 
voyage ; he returned to his native county 
in January, 1848, having been on the 
ocean five years. The following March 
28, 1848, he was married to a Miss 
Julia Hubbard, of the same county, 
where she was born Jan. 29. 1830 ; soon 
after their marriage, he moved to Sack- 
ett'a Harbor, on Lake Ontario, as Captain 
of a vessel, and continued on the lake 
till 1857, when he moved to Dodge Co., 
Wis. ; leaving his family in Dodge Co., 
he again went on the lake, most of the 
time as Captain of a vessel, till 1868; 
he then came to Marshall Co. and set- 
tled on a farm near where the town of 
Gilman now is ; after the town was laid 
out, in 1871, he came into town and 
built the first hotel, and built some other 
buildings ; he came into his present ho- 
tel in 1875, which is a fine building, and 
is considered one of the best run hotels 
on the Central Road. Have two chil- 
dren living — Alice and Efiy ; lost one — 
Augusta ; Alice married Byron Ohl 
Aug. 11, 1874. 

Altic, D., far., S. 17; P. O. Gilman. 

Andrews, R., carp, and joiner, Gilman. 



ARCHERD, R. H., dealer in real 
estate, and Mayor and Justice of the 
Peace, Gilman ; born April 30, 1822, in 
Clermont Co., Ohio, Ulysses S. Grant 
being born three days previous in the 
same township ; came from there to Jef- 
ferson Tp., of this county, in the Spring 
of 1864, where he served as Justice of 
the Peace a little over ten years ; came 
to Gilman in 1876. Was elected Justice 
the following Fall, and Mayor of the 
town in March, 1878. Was married to 
Nancy R. Simmons Oct. 19, 1841, in 
Ohio ; she was born Oct. 3, 1823, in the 
same State, and died in this county Jan. 
27, 1867 ; was again married, to Mary 
E. Merwin, March 25, 1869, of Black 
Hawk Co. ; she was born Oct. 10, 1837, 
in Pennsylvania ; have nine children hv- 
ing — seven by first wife and two by sec- 
ond — John T., James B., Lavanda R., 
Leonard S., Russell H., Essie A., Elmer 
E. and Mabel, and Sidney H. Member 
of the M. E. Church; Republican. 

Aslacksen, A., for. ; P. 0. Gilman. 

BARKER, W. H., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. 
Gilman. 
BEAL.E, DENNIS, dealer in grain 
and live stock, etc., Gilman ; he was born 
Oct. 9, 1838, in Somerset Co., Penn., 
whereheremainedtillthe Spring of 1861, 
when he came to Dixon, 111. At his 
country's call, in 1861, he joined Capt. 
Bowen's independent battalion, which was 
attached to the lOth Missouri Cavalry in 
1863 ; was in the battle of Pea Ridge, 
Ark., as also several skirmishes; was 
mustered out Oct. 26, 1864, at St. 
Louis, Mo. He then returned to Illinois 
for a short time ; then went to visit his 
native county in Pennsylvania, and while 
there, married Miss Catherine Walker, 
Jan. 5, 1865 ; she was born in the same 



GREEN CASTLE TOWNSHIP. 



615 



county Oct. 1, 1842. Soon after his 
marriage he came to Montour, Tama 
Co., Iowa, wliere lie engaged in the grain 
and stock business ; his wife died there 
Jan. 29, 1871. In July, 1875, he came 
to Gilman and engaged in his present 
business in company with his brother, 
L. G. Beale. H.c was again married, to 
Mrs. Lovina Wetmore, of Canfield, Ma- 
honing Co., Ohio, Aug. 22, 1877; her 
maiden name was Patterson ; she was 
born Fob. 6, 1839, in Trumbull Co., 
Ohio ; she has one daughter by her first 
husband ; her name is Flora. Mr. Beale 
is a member of the Congregational 
Church ; Republican. 

Beale, L. G., grain and stock dealer, Gil- 
man. 

BEXDER, J0H:N, farmer, Sec. 15; 
P. 0. Gilman ; owns 320 acres of land, 
valued at $-10 per acre ; born Nov. 12, 
1831, in Germany ; came from there to 
Marshall Co., 111., in 1852, and from 
there to this county in 1859, and fol- 
lowed railroading till 1861, then came on 
to his present farm. Married Anna 
Zabel Oct. 28, 1854, in Illinois; she 
was born July 12, 1826, in Germany ; 
have four children living — William, Ju- 
lia, Joseph and Henry ; lost four — John, 
Charles, Peter and Anna. Members of 
the Catholic Church ; Democrat. 

Bennett, L. M., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Bethel, C, far., S. 27; P. 0. Gilman. 

Brown, Jas., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Bryngelson, M., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. GUman. 

Bryngelson, Ole, Jr., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. 
Gilman. 

Bryngelson, Ole, Sr., far., S. 12; P. 0. 
Gilman. 

Burtch, B. W., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Button, Neils, far.; P. 0. Gilman. 

CABELL, A. L., farmer, Sec. 7 ; P. 
Gilman. 
CARXEY, J., real estate dealer. No- 
tary Public and insurance agent, Gil- 
man ; born Oct. 10. 1836, in Essex Co., 
Mass.; parents went to Lawrence when 
he was very small, and, in 1851 , to Pitts- 
burgh, Penn. His father W3s a con- 
tractor on the P., Ft. W. & C. R. R. 
In the Fall of 1854,came to Poweshiek 
Co., Iowa; the ensuing Spring, he en- 
tered the Iowa College at Grinnell, where 
he remained till the Spring of 1861, 
when, at his country's call, he enlisted 



in Co. E, of the 4th Iowa V. C; soon 
after he was promoted to the office of 
Regimental Commis.sary Sergeant, which 
position he held until he was mustered 
out Aug. 25, 1865. He then returntid 
home ; soon after engaged in the book 
and stationery business, which he con- 
tinued for four years ; then went into 
the hardware business, which he followed 
till 1875 ; he then came to Gilman, and 
commenced his present business. He 
was elected the first Mayor of the town, 
and was re-elected the second time. He 
married Mi.ss Lizzy M. Bliss Aug. 26, 
1868, in Poweshiek Co.; she was born in 
1848 in Springfield, Mass., and died in 
Gilman Dec. 30, 1875. Member of the 
Congregational Church ; Republican. 

Clark, A., far., S. 10; P. 0. Gilman. 

COLEBURN, WILL.IAM,farmer 
and stock raiser, Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Gil- 
man ; owns 323 acres of land, valued at 
$35 per acre; he was born Feb. 18, 
1827, in Derbyshire, England ; came 
from there to Blair Co., Penn., in May, 
1853, and to Bureau Co., 111., in the 
Spring of 1567, where he lived until 
the Spring of 1875 ; then came to this 
county, and settled on his present farm. 
He was married to Jane F. Seurr July 
16, 1858, in Illinois ; she was born 
Nov. 29, 1829, in Guernsey Co., Ohio ; 
have three children — Emma F., born 
July 11, 1861 ; Charles ^Y., Jan (>, 
1864; Susan A., July 22, 1866. Mem- 
ber of the M. E. Church ; Republican. 

COOPER, 1>. E., farmer. Sec. 20 ; 
P. 0. Gilman ; owns eighty acres of 
land, valued at $40 per acre; he was 
born April 12. 1825. in Pulaski Co., 
Ky.; came with his parents to Owen Co., 
Ind., in 1830 ; remained there until the 
Summer of 1847, and then came to Jas- 
per Co., Iowa, and the following March 
came into Marshall Co., and made claims 
on Timber Creek (what is now known 
as Timber Creek Tp.) ; the country was 
then a wild waste ; there were onl}* eight 
families, including his, in the county ; 
the first election in the county was held 
in the Fall of 1848 ; J. M. Ferguson 
was elected Justice of the Peace, and 
Mr. D. E. Cooper, Constable, but for 
election purposes, they were attached to 
Jasper Co., Iowa ; the Fall of 1849 was 
the first election for county officers f jr 



€16 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



Marshall Co.; Joshua Kemp was elected 
Probate Judge; J. M. Ferguson, Sheriff; 
D. E. Cooper, Clerk, and Joseph Coop- 
er and William Ralls, Commissioners, and 
they appointed William Smith as their 
Clerk; D. E. Cooper issued the 
first marriage license in Marshall Co., 
to Almyron Geir and a Miss Ballard ; 
shortly after, he resigned, and William 
Smith was appointed County Clerk, and 
issued the second marriage license in the 
county to D. E. Cooper and Martha A. 
Smith, who were married June 16, 1850, 
by A. J.Smith, J. P. His wife was born 
A) ril 21 , 1833, in Ohio ; they have 
eight children living — Mary J., Louisa 
a", Sarah E., Martha E., Ida A., Net- 
tie E., Eva L. and Edward W.; lost 
two — Mahala A. and Clara A. Mr. 
Cooper came on his present farm in 1871. 
Members of the Christian Church ; Re- 
publican. 

■Cooper, I., far.; P. 0. Gilman. 

€rosby, S. D., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Oilman. 

tlXXIXGHAM, EPHRAIM, 
dealer in dry goods and general merchan- 
dise, Grilman ; he was born March 6, 
1852, in Juniata Co., Penn., where he 
resided until he came to this county in 
the Spring of 1875, and settled in Gil- 
man the following Fall ; engaged in the 
grocery and boot and shoe business with 
his present partner, Mr. Hartman, and 
in the Fall of 1877, added dry goods to 
their stock. Mr. Cunningham was mar- 
ried to Miss Jennie Horton, daughter of 
W. S. Horton, of Gilman, Dec. 27, 
1877 ; she was born in 18(i0 in Massa- 
chusetts. Republican. 

DAVIS, N. M., retired farmer ; P. O. 
Gilman. 

]>oolittle, S., merchant, Gilman. 

Drew, S. B., harness maker, Gilman. 

Dwight, F. E.. far., S. 22 ; P. 0. (Oilman. 

Dwitiht. S.. for., H. 4 ; P. 0. Dillon. 

ERICKSON, ERICK, far., S. 6 ; P. 
0. Dillon. 
F ANTON, A. D., farmer, S. 30 ; P. 
0. Gilman. 
Fanton, Clark, far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Gilman. 
Fanton. E. W., teamster, Gilman. 
Fish, E. R., lumber dealer, Gilman. 
F O R B U S H, W. D., dealer in 
gi'oceries, boots, shoes, queensware, etc., 
Gilman ; born July 27, 1836, in Chau- 
tauqua Co., N. Y.; followed the grocery 



business at Sinclairville in his native 
county from 1864 to 1869 ; then came 
to this county and settled in Jefferson 
Township on a farm, which he still owns ; 
he followed the poultry and game busi- 
ness four winters of the time that he 
lived on his farm, and in 1876, he 
rented his farm, and came to Gilman 
and engaged in his present business. 
He served in Co. F of the 154tli N. Y. 
V. I.; served nine months. Married 
Cornelia Young of same county Dec. 2, 
1856; she was born July 12, 1840; 
have two children — Mary, born April 
2, 1860 ; George W., born June 18, 
1864. Republican. 

Fuller, W. M., far. S. 5; P. 0. Gilman. 

r^ OSHON, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 8 ; P. 

\jr 0. Gilman. 

GR£GG, H. H., dealer in dry 
goods and general merchandi»e, 
Gilman ; born March 28, 1846, in Lou- 
don Co., Va. He espoused the cause of 
the Confederates, and served as courier 
for Gen. Robert E. Lee nearly three 
years ; then enlisted in Co. D, of the 
35th Battalion Va. Vols.; served under 
Col. Mosby. After the war closed he 
followed clerking in the dry goods busi- 
ness five or six years ; then came tt> 
Gilman, in 1872, where he continued 
the same business until he commenced 
business for himself in the present 
year. He was elected Recorder of the 
town, which office he has filled ever 
since. He was married to Miss Dora 
Ellis Sept. 17, 1874 ; she was born 
May 2, 1856, in Onondaga Co., N. Y.; 
they have one son — Harry S., born Aug. 
16, 1877. Independent in politics. 

Gressman, G. R., liveryman, Gilman. 

HALL, M. D., far.. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. 
Gilman. 

Hamilton.W. M., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Harton, Jas., retired farmer, Gilman. 

Hartman, James A., dry goods merchant, 
Gilman 

Hartman, Peter, ret. far., Gilman. 

HEAD, H. W., farmer, P. O. 
Dillon ; owns 160 acres of land, valued 
at $40 per acre ; he was born March 6, 
1833, in Madison Co., N. Y.; removed 
from there to Whiteside Co., 111., in 
1851 ; remained there till the Spring 
of 1869, then came to Marshall Co., 
Iowa ; stopped in Le Grand Township a 



GREEN CASTLE TOWNSHIP. 



617 



year and a half ; then came on to his 
present farm in Grreen Castle Township. 
Married Arminda VVorley March 6, 
1856, in Illinois ; she was born July 21, 
1836, in New York : have four living chil- 
dren — ]^ardon,bornin April, 1856; Wil- 
liam F., born in April, 1860 ; Henry W., 
born in January, 1863 ; Corey A., born 
in Dec. 1868. Independent in politics. 

HE«GEM, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 
14; P. 0. (jrilman ; owns eighty acres 
of land, valued at $30 per acre ; born 
in 1849 near Stavanger, Norway ; emi- 
grated from there to Iowa in 1859 ; 
stopped a couple of months in Henry Co.; 
then came to Le Grand Township in 
this county, and from there on his 
present farm in 1873. Married Regina 
Shelly July 19, 1873 ; she was born 
in Sept., 1859, in Norway ; they have 
one daughter, an infant. Republican. 

Herring, A. D., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Hicks, A B., carp, and joiner, Gilman. 

Hill, Ole, far. ; P. 0. Gilman. 

HILI^ABECK, DAVID I., far., 

S. 20 ; P. 0. Gilman ; owns a farm of 
eighty acres of land, valued at $40 per 
acre; was born Jan. 27, 1846, in Owen 
Co., Ind. ; emigrated from there with 
his father, Wm. Hilsabeck, to this 
county in the Fall of 1852, when they 
settled in Timber Creek Tp. ; came to 
his present farm in 1871. Married Car- 
oline E. Williams July 25, 1871 ; she 
was born June 25, 1849, in Pennsylva- 
nia ; have three children — Alfred R., 
born July 5, 1872; Bertha M., born 
June 25, 1875, and an infant, born 
June 6, 1878. Member of Christian 
Church ; Democrat; 

HILI^ABECK, DAVID, farmer, 
Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Gilman ; owns 160 
acres of land, valued at $50 per acre ; 
born Oct. 14, 1850, in Owen Co., Ind., 
and emigrated to Iowa with his father, 
Elias Hilsabeck, in the Fall of 1852 ; 
settled in the northwest part of this Tj). 
He married Mary J. Boyles Dec. 29, 
1870, in this county ; she was born 
July 6, 1852, in Indiana ; have adopted 
son — Oliver T., who was born Dec. 6, 
1876. Democrat. 

HILSABECK, ELIAS, ftmuer ; 
P. 0. Timber Creek; owns 520 acres of 
land, valued at $40 per acre ; born Feb. 
23, 1815, in Stokes Co., N. C. ; in the 



Fall of 1835, emigrated to Owen Co., 
Ind., where he remained until the Sjtring 
of 1849 ; moved to Greene Co.. where 
he remained until the Fall of 1852, 
when he came to Marshall Co. ; arriveii 
on his present farm Nov. 27, 1852, the 
snow being two feet deep on the level ; 
his nearest trading point was Newton, 
Jasper Co., and Iowa City his nearest 
grist-mill, a distance of eighty miles. 
The following year, a man of the name 
of Rice started a store in Marsh all town. 
Mr. Hilsabeck, by close application to 
his business, economy and frug-ality, has 
accumulated a competence of this world's 
goods suflBciont ti) procure for him the 
comforts of life in his declining years, 
besides giving those of his children who 
are away for themselves a good start in 
the world. He was married to Miss 
Saluda Rickabaugh June 27, 1841, in 
Indiana ; she was born March 10, 1821 ; 
have ten children living — Martha E. 
and Mary E. were born Oct. 31, 1843 ; 
Martin, born Aug. 21, 1845 ; Matilda 
C, Dec. 2. 1847 ; Susannah E.. Feb. 
24, 1849 ; David, Oct. 14, 1850 ; John, 
March 12, 1852; Sarah I., June 21, 
1860; Lydia T., June 2, 1864, and 
Emma R., Dec. 9, 1865 ; lost five chil- 
dren — Francis, Rebecca A., Permelia 
A., Saluda E. and Eliza J. Mr. Hilsa- 
beck has served as Count}' Supervisor 
two terms. Member of A., F. & A. M. 
Democrat. 

HILSABECK, JOHN, farmer; 
P. 0. Gilman ; owns 160 acres of land, 
valued at $50 per acre ; born March 
12, 1852, in Greene Co., Ind.; came 
with his father, Elias Hilsabeck, to 
Marshall Co. in the Fall of 1852, and 
settled in northwest part of this Tp.. 
where he still resides. Married Carrie 
Hoes Feb. 11, 1875 ; she was born 
June 7, 1856, in this county ; have had 
one child — Nellie A., born Oct. 26. 
1876, and died Feb. 20, 1877. Came to 
his present farm in the Spring of 1875. 
Is a member of the Christian Church ; 
Democrat. 

Hilsabeck, Martin, far . S. 7 ; P. 0. Timber 
Creek. 

HOES, E. H., farmer,_Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
Timber Crock ; owns 405 acres of land, 
valued at $45 per acre ; he was born 
Feb. 1, 1825, in Ontario Co., N. Y.;, 



618 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



his parents moved into Yutes Co. in 
1830, where he remained till he came 
to this county in the Spring of 1854 ; 
lived at Marshalltown till the Spring of 
1861, when he moved into Timber Creek 
Township, and remained till the Spring 
of 1864, when he came on to his present 
farm. Maifried Emily Brown July 30, 
1855, in Yates Co., N. Y. ; she was 
born Nov. 21, 1834, in New York; 
have eight children — Carrie S., born 
June 7, 1856 ; Frank H., born Feb. 
24, 1859; Lewis L., born Jan. 8, 
1862; William, born March 5, 1864; 
Freddie, born Sept. 17, 1861; Belle, 
born Feb. 2, 1870; Trudie, born 
Sept. 27, 1873; Dilla, born Sept. 23, 
1875; Republican. 
HORTON, W. H., retired farmer, 
P. 0. Gilman ; born Aug. 16, 1829, in 
Amherst, Nova Scotia, where he lived 
till 1850, when he went to California, 
where he followed mining and stock 
dealing till 1864, then returned to New 
York City, where he remained only 
about three months ; he came to 
Bureau Co., 111.; remained there about 
ten years ; then came to Gilman of this 
county; purchased a farm of 160 acres 
about two miles from town, also his 
residence in town. 3Iarried Mary A. 
Cole, of New York City, S^>pt. 27, 1850 ; 
she was born Feb. 9, 1833, in New 
Brunswick ; have three children living 
— Jennie B., Hattie and Lilly ; lost 
one — Walter B. Members of the M. 
E. Church ; Republican. 
HOSKY'X, ED., editor and propri- 
etor of the Gilman Despatch, Gilman ; 
born Sept. 19, 1846, in Berkshire, Eng.; 
came with parents to Milwaukee, Wis., 
in the Fall of 1851, and the following i 
Spring went to Waukesha Co.. where | 
he remained till the Fall of 1857. then 
went to Adams Co., and from there to 
Lodi, Columbia Co., in 1866, where his ; 
parents remained four years, the first | 
year of which he attended the High 
School in Lodi, and the remaining three 
years the State University at Madison, 
Wis., at the close of which they all came 
to State Centre of this county, where his 
parents still reside. He taught school ' 
the following Winter and Summer, and 
in the Fall of 1871, entered the Upper | 
Iowa Conference of the M. E. Church, j 



he having previously joined the Church 
in 1863. He was first stationed at 
Blairstown one year ; next at Rockwell ; 
at close of second year was ordained 
Deacon ; he was next stationed at 
Fredericksburg, Chickasaw Co., where 
he remained two years ; was then or- 
dained Elder ; his next appointment 
was in Gilman, in the Fall of 1865 ; 
he preached two years ; in the Spring 
of 1877, he purchased the oflfice of the 
Gilman Record of S. W. Grove, which 
he changed to the Gilman Despatch, 
which he is still running Was married 
to Miss Martha P. Price, of State Centre, 
Nov. 20, 1871 ; she was born Feb. 13, 
1848, near Somonauk, 111 ; have two 
children — Albert E. and Frederick B. 

INGERSOLL, A. G., farmer. Sec. 27 ; 
P. 0. Gilman. 
Inman, B., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Gilman. 
"T ACKSON, L., farmer ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Johnson, A. W., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Johnson, Engelbright, far., S. 11 ; P. 0. 
Gilman. 

Johnson, Isaac, far., S. 7 ; P. O. Gilman. 

JOHXJ!iON, J. C, photographer, 
Gilman ; he was born Nov. 15, 1854, 
in Urbana, 111. ; parents moved from 
there to this county, when he was about 
1 year old, and purchased a farm about 
two and a half miles west from where 
Gilman is now ; they rented the farm, 
and moved into Gilman in the Fall of 
1871. His father died in June, 1876 ; 
his mother is still living here, witli 
whom he makes bis home. He com- 
menced learning the photograph busi- 
ness in 1874, and has .spent one year in 
St. Louis and one year in Philadelphia 
at the same business, since when he has 
had the advantage of the best skilled 
instruction ; Republican. 

JONKS, H. H., farmer and breeder 
of thoroughbred stock, Sec. 9 ; P. (). 
Gilman; owns 412 acres of land, valued 
at S35 per acre ; he was born Januaiy 
29, 1826, in North Wales; emigrated 
from there to Oneida Co., N. Y., 
in June, 1841, where he remained until 
the Spring of 1854 ; then moved to Del- 
aware Co., Ohio, and in the Spring of 
1855, came to Marshall Co., Iowa, and 
settled on his present farm. Married 
Eleanor Williams in 1854 ; she was 



GREEN CASTLE TOWNSHIP. 



619 



born in Dec, 1835, in Wales ; they have 
seven children — Mary J., born Aug. 16, 
1855; Hugh B., born Aug. 3, 1857; 
Margaret A., born March 19, 18 — ; 
John B., born March 20, 18—; Emma 
A., born March 24, 1865 ; Lauretta B., 
born July 25, 1870; Myrtie, born in 
June, 1875. Republican. 

JOIVES, JOHN P., S. 12 ; P.O. Gil- 
man ; owns 320 acres, valued at $30 per 
acre; born April 19, 1824, in North 
Wales ; emigrated from there to Oneida 
Co., N. Y., in the Spring of 1850, and 
from there to Marshall Co., in the Spring 
ef 1855, and came on his present farm 
in 1858. Married Sarah Thomas March 
22, 1850 ; she was born May 9, 1839, 
in New York ; they have six children 
living — John W., born April 20, 1857 ; 
Sarah J., born Dec. 27, 1858; Charles 
T., born Nov. 1, 1861 ; Joseph A., born 
April 27, 1863 ; Rosella M., born Sept. 
15, 1867 ; George W., born March 22, 
1869 ; lost three — Joshua T., Sherman 
U. and Prussia A. Republican. 

JOXES, WILLIAM H., propr. of 
wagon and blacksmith shop, Gilman ; he 
was born April 14, 1849, in Ogle Co., 
111.; his mother died in 1858, and his 
lather, John Jones, still lives there ; he 
left Ogle Co. in 1875, and came to Dres- 
den, Poweshiek Co., and from there to 
Gilman in 1876, and commenced the 
business he is still following. Democrat. 

LOHR, JACOB, farmer. Sec. 34 ; P. 
0. Gilman. 

LACEY, J. D., retired farmer; P. 
0. Gilman ; born March 26, 1813, in 
Fairfield Co., Conn.; learned the black- 
smith's trade at Danbury, which busi- 
ness he followed until he came to Wil- 
ton, Muscatine Co., Iowa, in 1857, 
where he continued most of the time 
until he came to this county in Aug., 
1866 ; he purchased a farm of 160 acres, 
southeast of town one mile, which he 
sold and moved into Gilman in 1876. 
He married jNIary Barnes, Nov. 
24, 1835, in Connecticut ; she was born 
May 13, 1816, in Connecticut ; have no 
children. Members of the M. E. 
Church ; Republican. 

Ludlow, L. R., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Lutes, J., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

^/TcPHERSON, A., bridge builder, 

±VL Gilman. 



McDANIEL, BARKLEY, far , 

Sec. 28 ; P. O. Gilman ; he was born 
March (), 1836, in Bedford Co., Penn.; 
came from there to Rock Island Co., 
111., in July, 1860 ; remained there un- 
til the Spring of 1866, and then came to 
Marshall Co., Iowa, and settled on his 
present farm of 120 acres, which is now 
valued at $40 per acre. Married INIary 
Sparks May 30, 1859, in Pennsylvania ; 
she was born Oct. 14, 1837 ; have one 
daughter — Amelia, born Aug. 29, 1861, 
in Illinois. Republican. 

McDANIEL., I>ABfIEL, farmer. 
Sec. 28; P. 0. Gilman; owns 120 
acres of land, valued at $40 per acre ; 
was born April 24, 1842, in Bedford 
Co.. Penn. ; came to Mercer Co., 111., in 
the- Fall of 1860, and in the Winter of 
1862, returned to Pennsylvania, and en- 
listed in his country's service in June, 
1862, for nine months, in Company C, 
of the 133d Penn. V. I. ; at the expi- 
ration of that time, he re-enlisted in 
Company K, of the 112th Penn. V. I. ; 
participated in the battles of Antietam, 
Fredericksburg and many others near 
Washington and Richmond ; was capt- 
ured at the battle of Cold Harbor by 
Gen. Lee, and taken to Richmond, and 
from there was taken to Andersonville 
June 15, where he was kept until the 
29th of September, 1864, where he suf- 
fered all the horrors of that loathsome 
and detestable pen, which are almost be- 
yond the power of speech to express ; 
he was then taken to Macon, Ga., and 
subsequently taken to Savannah ; thence 
to Blackshire Prison, and lastly, to Flor- 
ence, South Carolina, where he received 
still poorer fare than at Andersonville ; 
he was next taken to Goldsboro, North 
Carolina, and was there paroled and 
sent to Wilmington, Delaware ; was 
mustered out of the United States serv- 
ice July 25, 1865 ; returned home and 
married Elizabeth Wineguard Feb. 7, 
1867, in Illinois ; she was born in June, 
1848 ; they then came to Marshall Co., 
Iowa, in 1867, and settled on his pres- 
ent farm ; have fuur children living — 
Susan M., Ida M., Laura A. and George 
R. ; lost two children — James W. and 
an infant. Republican. 

aicNEEL, J. S., retired tarmer ; 
P. 0. Gilman ; owns a farm of 240 



620 



DIRECTOM OF MARSHALL COUNTY : 



acres of land, two miles east of Gilman, 
in Tama Co., valued at $40 per acre ; 
he was born Aug. 31, 1837, in Blair 
Co., Penn. ; emigrated with his parents 
to Lee Co., 111., in 1848, where he re- 
mained until 1869, when he came to 
Iowa, and purchased the farm he still 
owns ; rented his farm and moved into 
Gihnan in the Spring of 1875. Mar- 
ried Mary Ramsey Nov. 28, 1859, in 
Illinois; she was born May 24, 1838, 
in Blair Co., Penn. ; have three chil- 
dren — Alice, Willie and Belle. Mem- 
bers of the Congregational Church ; Re- 
publican. 

MAIXETT, I. «., farmer ; P. 0. 
Gilman ; owns a farm of eighty acres, 
one mile cast of Gilman, but lives in 
in Gilman ; he was born April 8,. 1839, 
in Chemung Co.. N. Y., and emigrated 
with his parents to Linn Co., Iowa, in 
the Fall of 1849, and the following 
Spring, to Rock Island Co., 111. He 
enlisted in Aug., 1862, in Company B, 
of the 126th 111. V. I. ; was mustered 
out at Pine Bluff, Arkansas, in 1865 ; 
he was in the battle at the siege of 
Vicksburg, besides several other minor 
battles. Came to Marshall Co. in the 
Fall of 1866, and purchased his present 
farm. Married Annie Winn June 27, 
1866, in Illinois; she was born July 9, 
1848, in Indiana. Member of Congre- 
gational Church ; Republican. 

Medhus, G., far. ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Medhus, Ole, far. ; P. 0. Gilman 

Minnehan, M., far., g. 18 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Mooney, T., for., S. 30 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Morehead, A. W., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Gil- 
man. 

MlINDHEl^fK, H. W., dealer in 
agricultural implements, Moline wagons; 
Gilman; born Feb. 10, 1843, in 
Montgomery Co., Ohio. Enlisted in 
the service of his country Aug. 1, 
1862, in Co. B, of the 93d Ohio V. I.; 
participated in the battles of Stone 
River, Mission Ridge and Buzzards' 
Roost in Georgia ; in the latter place he 
lost his left leg, for which disalnlity he 
was discharged Yi'h. 28, 1865. After 
the war, he engaged in the cabinet busi- 
ness iintil he came to this township in 
1870 ; he then settled on a farm, where 
he remained until 1873 ; he came to 
Gilman and commenced his present 



business. He was elected Justice of the 
Peace in 1872, which office he still fills. 
Married Louisa Frazee Feb. 19, 1867, 
in Ohio ; she was born in November, 
1845 ; have three children living — Ce- 
cellia A.. Lulu L., and Glendora ; lost 
one, William A. Republican. 

O 'CON NELL, PAT., farmer, Sec. 29 ; 
P. 0. Gilman. 
Oleson, I., farmer; P. 0. Gilman. 
Oleson, J., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Gilman. 
Oleson, T., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Gilman. 
O'Neal, D. W., butcher, Gilman. 

PATTERSON. A. W., dealer in agri- 
cultural implements, Gilman. 

PARISH, SPEXCER, farmer, S. 
25 ; P. 0. Gilman; owns 160 acres of 
land, valued at $50 per acre ; he was 
born March 3, 1826, in Hampshire Co., 
Mass. ; he emigrated to Portage Co., 
Ohio, in 1848, and in the Spring of 
1867, went to Warren, Trumbull Co., 
where he followed foundry facing and 
roofing, and subsequently went to New 
Lisbon, Columbiana Co., and engaged in 
the manufacture of hydraulic cement ; 
came from there to this county in the 
Spring of 1877, and settled where 
he now lives. He was married to 
Deborah Parker, March 4, 1851, in 
Ohio ; she was born in 1 833, in New 
York; she died in Aug., 1868 ; he was 
again married to Ellen F. Frissell June 
7. 1870 ; she was born July 7, 1843. in 
Massachusetts ; has three children by 
first wife — Addie B., Abbie J. and 
Charles P., and one by his second wife 
— Robert S.; lost one — Emily. Mem- 
bers of the Congregational Church ; Re- 
publican. 

Patterson, J., ret. far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Patterson, W. J., dealer in agricultural im- 
plements, Gilman. 

Paulson, L., far.; P. 0. Gilman. 

Pence, A. J., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Pence, G., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Pierson, E.,far., S. 10; P. 0. Gilman. 

PINKERTON, C. W., undertaker 
and dealer in furniture, Gilman ; he was 
born Sept. 12, 1848, in Merrimack Co., 
N. H. ; went with parents to Fond du 
Lac Co., Wis., in 1856, where he re- 
mained till 1872; he then came to this 
township and purchased 120 acres of 
land which he still owns ; he followed 
farming till the Fall of 1874, then came 



GREEN CASTLE TOVViNSIIIP. 



621 



into Gilman and commenced his present 
business. He was married to Emma 
Riley Dec. 22, 1869, in Wisconsin; she 
was born in May, 1848, in the same 
State ; have three children — Alice, Jay 
and Lynn. Republican. 

POTTER, E. E., homoeopathic phy- 
sician and surgeon ; owns fifty-five acres 
of land adjoining the corporation of Gil- 
man, valued at $80 per acre, upon 
which he lives; he was born April 27, 
1823, in Erie Co., N. Y. ; emigrated 
with parents to Ashtabula Co., Ohio, in 
1839, and in 1850, he moved to Knox 
Co., 111., and to Henry Co. in 1855, and 
from there to Marengo, Iowa, in 1865, 
and in the Spring of 1866, came to Gil- 
man, where he now lives. He com- 
menced the study of medicine under 
Dr. Horace Eaton in Ashtabula Co., 
Ohio, and continued for three years, and 
subsequently attended lectui-es at the 
Kingsville Medical Institute; he subse- 
quently studied the hom(3eopathic system 
of medicine, and introduced it in his 
practice, which system he deems the 
best. He was married to Miss Thankful 
Rickard, of Ashtabula Co., Dec. 31, 
1843 ; she was born Nov. 16, 1822, in 
the same county ; have five children 
living — Orange A., Albert C, Caroline 
C., Laurens E. and Horace E. His 
oldest son. Orange E., enlisted Feb. 14, 
1864. in Co. D of the 83d Regt. I. V. 
I., and was transferred to the 61st Regt., 
and was mustered out Sept. 25, 1865 ; 
returned home and was married to 
Sarah E. IngersoU Dec. 14, 1868. Mr, 
Potter is Independent in politics. 

Powers, W., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Timber Creek. 

"DEAD, J., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Renner, V. W., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Reierson, R., farmer; P. 0. Gilman. 

Ricketts, J. B., ret. far. ; P. O. Gilman. 

Ricketts, S. S., far. ; P. 0. Gilman. 

RICkCit, W. B., proprietor of steam 
flouring-uiill, Gilman ; born April 25, 
1846, in Scott Co., Iowa; came from 
there to this county in the Spring of 
1873, and purchased the mill he now owns, 
it then being located on Timber Creek, 
in Le Grand Tp. ; in 1875, he removed it 
to its present location in Gilman. He 
was married to Miss Mary Austin, of 
this county, Sept. 5, 1877 ; she was 



born in February, 1853, in Clinton Co., 
Ohio. Republican. 

Roark, A., far. ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Roff, J., & Brother, fars., S. 14; P. (). 
Gilman. 

Rockhiil, E. E.,far., S. 25 ; P. O. Gilman. 

O AWYER, OLE T., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. 

lO Gilman. 

Scurr, J. B., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

SCURR, J. H., farmer. Sec. 26 ; P. 
O. Gilman ; owns a farm of thirty-six 
acres about three miles west of Gilman, 
and 114 acres where he lives, adjoining 
the town plat ; born in Belmont Co., 
Ohio, July 4, 1835 ; parents moved to 
Guernsey Co. in 1837, and emigrated 
from there to Bureau Co., 111., in 1854, 
and from there he came to this county 
in Feb., 1868. Married Susan Stevens 
Oct. 18, 1859, in Ilhnois ; she was born 
Oct. 4, 1834, in Belmont Co., Ohio ; 
have two children — Ida F., born July 
27, 1860, and Joseph H., March 7, 
1875. Republican. 

Seager, C. H., banker, Gilman. 

SEAGER, L. Cjt., banking and ex- 
change business, Gilman ; he was born 
Aug. 25, 1846, in Onondaga Co., N. Y.; 
he attended school at the Pompey Acad- 
emy, near Syracuse, fi'om the time he 
was 9 years old till he was 18 years old ; 
then came with parents to Marshalltown, 
of this county, which was the Spring 
of 1864; soon after arriving there, he 
engaged as clerk in the County Record- 
er's ofiice, and subsecjuently in the Treas- 
urer's and Clerk's offices till 1867 ; he 
then engaged as clerk in the First Na- 
tional Bank at Marshalltown, where he 
remained till the S])ring of 1872 ; he 
then came to Gilman and bought out 
H. C. Rice in the dry goods and general 
merchandise business, which he contin- 
ued till the Fall of 1877, when he, in 
company with his brother, C. H. Seager, 
purchased the banking business of Hen- 
riquis &, Rice, which they still continue. 
Mr. Seager was married to Miss Susan A. 
Butler Jan. 22, 1867 ; she was born in 
1846 in New York, and died Sept. 4, 
1871. He was again married to Miss 
E. L. Sparks Aug. 5, 1872; .she was 
born Jan. 3, 1851, in Ma.ssachu.setts ; 
have two children by second wife — 
George L. and Mary G. Member of 
the Episcopal Church. 



622 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



Seager, J. H., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Seavers, J., restaurant and saloon, Gil- 
man. 

SEBRING, JOHX, farmer, Sec. 
27 ; P. O. Gilmau ; owns eighty acres 
of land, valued at $40 jter acre ; he was 
born April 1-i, 1835, in Allen Co., Tnd., 
where he remained till 1865 ; he then 
moved to Dallas Co., Iowa, and remained 
in that county till the Fall of 1874, 
when he purchased his present farm in 
Marshall Co. He was married to Re- 
becca Rockhill March 28, 1861, in In- 
diana; she was born Oct. 27, 1840, in 
the same State ; have two children liv- 
ing — Ida L. and Hattie F.; lost two — 
Melissa A. and an infant. Democrat. 

Sharp, J. A., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Le Grand. 

SHAW, CYRIJS H., druggist and 
Express Company Superintendent, Gil- 
man ; he was born Nov. 15, 1833, in 
Standish,Me.; he received a liberal edu- 
cation ; attended theStandish Academy, 
also several others, and lastly Yarmouth 
Academy, preparatory to entering Bow- 
doin College at Brunswick, which he en- 
tered in 1857 and spent one year ; then 
followed teaching till 1861, when he 
came to Jasper Co., Iowa, and stopped 
at Newton and taught there one year; 
then came to Marshalltown, this county ; 
taught school there a couple of terms ; 
then was deputy in County Treasurer's 
office, and was appointed County Super- 
intendent in 1863, to fill a vacancy. In 
the the Spring of 1864, raised a com- 
pany of volunteers fur the United States 
.service, which were known as Co. G, 
44th Iowa V. I.; he was mustered out 
in Oct., 1864, and returned to Marshall- 
town. He was elected to the office of 
County Superintendent in the Fall of 
1863, and re-elected in the Fall of 
1865, and was again elected in 1869 and 
1871. He came to Gilman in the 
Spring of 1874, and engaged in the 
drug business with Dr. W. J. Ward, to 
whom he sold his interest in the Fall of 
1877. Married Marcia Griffin, of Port- 
land, Me., Jan. 1, 1861, and she died 
July 27, 1864, while at her father's in 
Maine, on a visit ; had two children by 
first wife — Starr C. and Carr L ; the 
first died at the age of 1 1 months, and 
the other is with his grandfather. He 
was again married to Susan Deeter Dec. 



23,1877 ; she was born March 19, 1844, 
in Miami Co., Ohio. Republican. 

Simcox, J. D., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

ISKINNER, H. J., butcher, Gilman ; 
born May 9, 1850, in Cook Co., 111. ; 
parents moved to Kendall Co. in 1854, 
where he remained till Feb. 29, 1864, 
when he enlisted in Co. I, of the 2d 
regiment of Illinois Artillery, being a 
little less than 14 years old ; was in the 
service till January, 1865 ; participated 
in the battles of Tunnel Hill, Tenn., 
Buzzard Roost, Ga., Atlanta, etc. ; was 
with Sherman in his march to the sea. 
At the close of the war, returned home 
and went into Minnesota, Minneapolis, 
Sauk Center and several other places ; 
was there about two years, then returned 
to Kendall Co. and followed farming and 
butchering for three years ; then moved 
to Clayton Co., Iowa, where he followed 
butchering and buying stock till he 
came to Gilman, in 1875, and com- 
menced his present business. He was 
elected Captain of the military company 
recently formed in Gilman. He. was 
married to Rosa Bennett Oct. 11, 1869, 
in Illinois ; she was born in 1853, and 
died May 28, 1872 ; was again married, 
to Emily D. Collar, Dec. 20, 1874, in 
Clayton Co., Iowa ; she was born in the 
same county April 15, 1858; have one 
son — John H. — by first wife, and two 
sons by second wife — William N. and 
Fred W. Member of A., F. & A. M. 
Republican. 

Smith, R. S., dealer in millinery and fancy 
goods, Gilman. 

Sparks, L. B., far.,S. 25 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Speas, N., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Strand, G., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Sutherland, H., hardware dealer, Gilman. 

Sutton, R., dry goods merchant, Gilman. 

TALBOTT, MARCUS, far., S. 31 ; P. 
0. Gilman. 

Thompson, H., far. ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Thompson, J., far., S. 12 : P. 0. Gilman. 

Thomp.soii, N., far. ; P. 0. Gilman. 

TJOSSEM, O. P., farmer ; P. 0. 
Gilman ; owns eighty acres of land, val- 
ued at $35 per acre ; born March 3, 
1844, near Stavanger, Norway; emi- 
grated from there to Le Grand, Mar- 
shall Co.. Iowa, in June, 1864, and came 
from there into this township in July, 
1869. Married Julia Norland, of Ben. 



GREEN CASTLE TOWNSHIP. 



623 



ton Co., Iowa, June 8, 1869 ; she was 
born April 4:, 1851, in Norway; have 
five children — Anton, John, Simon, 
Pauline and Matilda. Independent in 
politics. 

Tjossem, Thomas, farmer ; P. O. Gilman. 

Turner, H. S., liveryman, Gilman. 

Turner, J. K., far.,S. 7 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

YAN ALLEN, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 
18; P. 0. Gilman. 
Van Ocker, M., Gilman. 

WHITEHEAD, C, farmer, S. — ; 
P. 0. Gilman. 

WAGGOXER, C. W., dealer in 
flour, grain and coal, Gilman ; he was 
born Sept. 11, 1832, in Union Co., 
Peon.; he came with parents to Ogle 
Co., 111., in the spring of 1848, and 
from there to Jo Daviess Co., in 1853, 
and in 1856, to Dakota Co., Minn., 
where he remained till 1857 ; then re- 
turned to Jo Daviess Co. ; in thi' Fall 
of 1860, he moved to Independence, 
Buchanan Co., Iowa, and on the 12th 
of July, 1861, he enlisted in Co. E, 5th 
I. .V. I. ; was appointed Regimental 
Quatermaster of the regiment in 1862, 
which position he held until he was 
mustered out in Sept.. 1864. After return- 
from the army, he married Fannie 
Gilman, of Dubuque, Oct. 25, 1864 ; 
she was born in Maine in 1833 ; came 
to Monticello, Jones Co., the same 
Fall, and his wife died there the 25th 
of August following, 1865 ; he re- 
mained there till July, 1871, then came 
to Marshalltown of this county, and 
the following year commenced his 
present business in Gilman. He was 
married the second time to Maria 
Hughes, of Watertown, Wis., Oct. 19, 
1871; she was born Sept. 12,1848; 
has two children by second wife — Bessie 
and Lucille ; lost one — Fannie. Re- 
publican. 

WARD, W. J., Dr., physician and 
surgeon and dealer in drugs and medi- 
cines, Gilman ; born Dec. 5, 1845, in 
Canada West ; came from there to this 
county in the Spring of 1865, and set- 
tled on a farm in this township, where 
he remained three years ; he then com- 
menced the study <jf medicine with Dr. 
J. Resley, of Le Grand, where he re- 
mained two years ; he then went to the 
Homeopathic Medical College at St. 



Louis, where he graduated Feb. 27, 
1876 ; commenced the drug business in 
this town with Capt. C. H. Shaw, and 
in the Fall of 1877, purchased his 
interest in the store. He married 
Nellie Vosburg, of Tama Co., Jan. 8, 
1878 ; she was born in March, 1857, 
in Massachusetts. Republican. 

WAUFLE, A. 31., dealer in stock '. 
Clydesdale and N<:)rman horses ;i 
specialty ; P. 0. Gilman ; he was born 
Oct. 2, 1839, in Montgomery Co., N. 
Y.; emigrated with parents to Rock 
Co., Wis., in the Spring or 1851, and 
came from there to Sheridan Township. 
Poweshiek Co., Iowa, in 1868, and from 
thereto Gilman, in March, 1878; he 
owns twenty acres adjoining the corpo- 
ration, valued at^2,50U. He was mar- 
ried in Wisconsin to Ellen Airis ; she 
was born in 1839 in New York ; have 
three children — May, Grace and 
Jennie. Republican. 

WEAVERLING, WILLIAM, 

farmer; P. 0. Gilman; owns eighty 
acres of land, valued at $50 per acre ; 
he was born Feb. 8. 1834, in Bedford 
Co., Penn.; in the Fall of I860, he 
came to Rock Island Co., 111., and on 
the 23d of Sept., 1861, he enlisted in 
Co. H, 45th Regt. 111. V. I., for three 
years, and re enlisted as veteran in 
same company and regiment in 1863 ; 
at close of war, was mustered out July, 
1865. Returned to Illinois a short time, 
then went to Pennsylvania and wa.'« 
married to Rachel Veacli Oct. 12, 
1865 ; she was born March 2, 1837, in 
Pennsylvania ; the following Feb., 1866, 
came to this county, and purchased the 
farm he still owns ; have five children — 
Anna, Jessie, William, George and 
Myrtle. Members of the Congrega- 
tional Church ; Republican. 

Whittle, R.. far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Williams, B., ret. far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Gil- 
man. 

Winge, M. K., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

WILLIAMS, T. J., farmer. Sec. 
28 ; P. O. Gilman ; owns 120 acres of 
land, valued at $4(» per acre ; he was 
born Jan. 16, 1841, in Westmoreland 
Co., Penn. ; emigrated with his parents 
to Scott Co., Iowa, in 1850, where they 
remained until 1858; then moved to 
Whiteside Co., 111. ; while there, he en- 
5 



624 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



listed in a company of Indiana Rangers 
under Captain Graham July 21, 1861, 
and the August following, were attached 
to the 13th Mo. V. I., and at the battle 
of Lexington, Mo., were taken prison- 
ers and paroled ; he again enlisted Jan. 
21, 1862, in McClellan's Dragoons, and 
subsequently transferred to the 12th 
111. Cav., Company I ; he was promoted 
to First Sergeant in 1863, and was mus- 
tered out as such Jan. 1, 1865. He then 
returned home, and came to this county 
in the Spring of 1865, and settled on 
his present farm in the Spring of 1865. 
Married Esther Johnson Nov. 8, 1868; 
she was born Sept. 18, 1850, in Wis- 
consin ; have one child living — Frank 
L., born March 10, 1874 ; lost two — 
Willie and Lyle. Republican. 

Wolcott, E. R., merchant, Gilman. 

WOOD, J AHEIS R., railroad ticket 
and express agent, Gilman ; he was 
born Sept. 7, 1844, in Amherst, Mass.; 
the following year, 1845, his father, 
Samuel Wood, moved to Northampton, 
the same State, and died in November 
of the same year ; the following year, 
his mother moved to Pittstield, the same 
State, and soon after married Chauncey 
Clark, a dry goods merchant, who 
moved to New York City in 1851. and 
his mother died there in Nov., 1854; 
soon after his mother's death, he went 
to Saybrook, Conn., and attended school 
until he came Polo, 111., in 1858, and 
in March, 1859, went to Earlville, Del- 
aware Co., Iowa, which he made his 
home most of the time for about four 
years ; then went to Waterloo, Iowa, 
which he also made his home for four 
or five years, one Winter of the term 
spent in Sioux City ; commenced in 
the employ of the Central Iowa R. R. 
Co., at Eldora, in 1869, and subse- 
quently, at Steamboat Rock until Jan., 
1871 ; he came to Gilman as the first 
agent at this station, which he has held 



up to this date. He was married to 
Hattie Riley Feb. 16, 1875 ; she was 
born in March, 1855, in Wisconsin; 
have one child — Eva M. Member of 
the M. E. Church ; Republican. 

YOUNGS, FRAl^K T., Post 
master, Gilman ; he wa.sborn Feb. 9, 
1846, in Miami Co., Ohio; emigrated 
with his parents to this county in 1855, 
and settled in Le Grand Tp., where his 
father died in 1864. At his country's 
call, he enlisted in Company B, of the 
2d Iowa Cav., July 6, 1863, and was 
mustered out at Selma, Ala., in Oct., 
1865 ; he participated in the battles of 
Nashville, Selma, CofFeeville and Jack- 
son, Miss. At the close of the war, he 
returned to this county. Was married 
to S. A. Conway, of Le Grand, Jan. 12, 
1868 ; she was born in Ohio in 1848 ; 
have two children — Claude C. and Carl 
H. In the Spring of 1870, moved to 
Madison Co., where he remained until 
the Fall of 1871 ; then came to Gilman. 
Was appointed Postma.ster Feb. 9, 1876 ; 
Republican. 
YOUNG, MILTON, dealer in hard- 
ware and agricultural implements, Gil- 
man ; he was born Nov. 7, 1830, in On- 
ondaga Co., N. Y. ; at the age of 19, 
commenced learning the tinner's trade, 
and subsequently, worked in R. R. ma- 
chine shops, at Dunkirk, for two years ; 
came fi-om there to Marshalltown in the 
Spring of 1865 ; remained about two 
years and a half, then went to Kansas, 
and remained about a year ; then re- 
turned to this county and followed farm- 
ing until the Fall of 1876 ; he then 
came to Gilman, and commenced his 
present business. He was married to 
Martha E. Crowder May 18, 1856, in 
this county; she was born in Sept., 
1837, in Illinois; have six children — 
Elmer, Frank, Myron E., Monroe, Lula 
and George ; lost two children — Belle 
and Andrew T. Republican in politics. 



VIENNA TOWNSHIP. 



625 



VIENNA TOWNSHIP. 



BALLENTINE, JOHN, far., 8. 25 , 
P. 0. Marshalltown. 

Bare, J., far., S. 15 ; P. O. Vienna. 

Barger. J., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Vienna. 

Beitehley, C, far., S. 36; P. 0. Green 
Mountain. 

Benson, C. A., far., S. 12 ; P. O. Badger 
Hill. 

BII^BEE, ALBKRT, farmer. Sec. 
27 ; P. O. Marshalltown ; owns 240 
acres ot land, valued at $6,000 ; born in 
Windsor Co., Vt., Oct. 26, 1829 ; when 
8 years old, he moved with his parents 
to Orleans Co., and remained until 
1862, when he moved to this county, 
and settled in Marion Tp., but the next 
year moved to this township, and settled 
where he now lives. Married Harriet 
Goodwin in Derby, Orleans Co., March 
11, 1852; she was born in Caledonia 
Co., Vt., March 1, 1834; their children 
are Willis A. born March 11, 1854; 
Albert A., born March 13, 1857 ; 
Homer R., born April 14, 1860 ; King 
L., born Jan. 3, 1864 ; Katie D., born 
Oct. 9, 1865 ; Warren G., born Dec. 2, 
1873. He is a Republican and Uni- 

VPTS Jllisf 

Blow, J. P., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Vienna. 

BOVEE, W. W., farmer, Sec. 35 ; 
P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in Caledonia 
Co., Vt., Nov. 18, 1827 ; when,the gold 
excitement in California was at fever 
heat in 1851, he went to the Pacific 
Slope in search of the dust, but not be- 
ing satisfied in California, in 1853, he 
went to Australia, where, in 1 857, he 
was married to Johanna Hussey, who is 
a native of Ireland ; they remained in 
Australia until 1865, and there their 
three oldest living children were born — 
William F., Henry M., and Elizabeth 
M ; they then returned to the States, 
and settled in this county, where their 
youngest child, Ernest A. was born ; 
their son Charles E., born in Australia, 
aged 16 years, was killed in the Spring 
of 1877, by being thrown from a horse. 
Mr. B. is a Republican and Congrega- 
tionalist. 

Bowles, J., far.,S. 21 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

BREITHArPT, C. F., retired, 
Sec. 12 ; P. O. Badger Hill, Tama Co., 



Iowa ; Itorn in Germany, March 31, 
1819; came to America in 184(t, set- 
tling in Maryland, where he stayed ten 
years, and came to Iowa, first settling 
in Muscatine ; from there he went to 
Cedar Co., thence to Linn Co., and to 
this county in 1865 ; at that time, owing 
to the excessive demand for building 
material, caused by the heavy tide of 
emigration, Mr. B. could not obtain 
lumber and nails at Marshalltown, with 
which to build his house, and was com- 
pelled to bring the same from Lisbon, 
Linn Co.; Mr. B. has hauled flour from 
Lisbon, over these prairies, to Western 
settlements, when there was not a house 
for thirty miles ; now not a section is va- 
cant. Married in Frederick City, Md., 
to Wilhelmina Sauermann ; she was a 
native of Germany, and died Feb. 3, 
1877 ; has four children — Charles, Ann 
Louisa, Henry and William. 

Brock, J. K., far., S. 33 ; P. O. Green 
Mountain. 

Brown, H. R., far., S. 32; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

Buchanan, J., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. (ireen 
Mountain. 

CAHILL, THOMAS, far., S. 31 ; P. 
O. Marshalltown. 

CASE, F. O., farmer. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. 
Vienna ; owns eighty acres, valued at 
$2,000; bjrn in Wyandot Co., Ohio, 
July 2, 1847. Enlisted in the 63d Ohio 
V. I., Co. K, in April, 1865 ; was hon- 
orably discharged in June of the same 
year. Married Lydia Foucht Jan. 8, 
1872 ; she was born in Perry Co., Ohio, 
June 13, 1849 ; they have two children 
— Pliny W., born in Wyandot Co. April 
15, 1874, and an infant, not named, 
born in this county March 24, 1878. 
Mr. C. bought this farm in 1872, but 
did not move to it till the Spring of 
1877. He is a member of the M. E. 
Church, and Mrs. Case of the Reformed 
Church. 

COBER, JONATHAN, farmer 
Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; owns 
320 acres, valued at $1(1,000 ; born in 
Somerset Co., Penn., Oct. 18, 1824. 
Married Miss Sally Fritz April 20, 
1845 ; she was born in the same county 



626 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY : 



Feb. 3, 1829, and died Nov. 10, 1857 ; 
their children are Aaron, Tracy, Hester 
A. and Francis ; married again. Miss 
Phebe Coleman, July 18, 1858; she 
was also born in the same county, July 
LP, 1827 ; their children are Sarah, 
Henry, Joseph and Peter. Moved to 
this county in March, 1870, having pur- 
chased his farm the year previous ; he 
at once moved to this township, the first 
year living just across the road from 
where he now resides, but soon moved 
to his present residence. Is a Repub- 
lican and member of the German Baptist 
Church. 

Coftman, A., far., S. 23; P.O. Marshalltown. 

Conger, W. P., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

Crambie, A. H., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Vienna. 

CRAMER, C^ARARDUS J., 

farmer. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; 
owns, with his father, 160 acres, valued 
at $5,000 ; born in Saratoga Co., N. Y., 
Aug. 7, 1854 ; came to this county in 
1877, settling where he now lives. 
Married Matilda Barker, of Saratoga Co., 
Jan. 2, 1878. Principal product of his 
farm is corn, wheat and oats. 

Crater, G. W., for., S. 29; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

DOWLER, EDWARD, far., S. 15; 
P. 0. Marshalltown. 

DWINEL.L, MARTIN, farmer, 
Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; owns 200 
acres, valued at $7,000 ; burn in Rut- 
land Co., Vt., Dec. 24, 1835 ; when 4 
years of age, came with his parents to 
St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., and remained 
till 1850, when he came- to Carroll Co., 
111. ; lived there till 1805, when he came 
to this county and settled where he now 
lives. Married, in Carroll Co., 111., 
Adeline Simmons, Aug. 4, 1856; she 
was born in Canada March 22, 1836 ; 
came to America with pai'ents when 
about 4 years old, and to Carroll Co. 
about 1855 ; their children are J. Luella, 
born April 18, 1858; Ida L., Oct. 12, 
1860; J. Leonard, Feb. 8, 1867, and 
Mary W., Sept. 30, 1869. Is in politics 
a Republican. 

ECKELS, ROBERT, far., S. 19; P. 
O. Marshalltown. 
Elder, (>., far., S. 8; P. 0. Marshalltown. 
ERTEIi, JACOB, ftirmer, Sec. 10 ; 
P. 0. Vienna; owns 139 acres, valued 



at S4,500 ; born in Warren Co., Ohio, 
March 7, 1829 ; movt!d to Vermilion 
Co., 111., in 1862, and remained till 
1864, when he moved to this county, 
settling where he now lives. Married 
Dorcas Dittle in Ohio March 17, 1853; 
she was also born in Warren Co. May 
26, 1833 ; their children are Addie 
(deceased), Franklin (deceased), Ella, 
Wesley, Joseph, John, William (de- 
ceased), Alice and Ivan. Is in politics 
a Republican. 
EVANS, M. V. B., farmer. Sec. 27 ; 
P. 0. Marshalltown ; owns 160 acres, 
valued at $5,000; born in Brown Co., 
Ohio, Oct. 24, 183S; moved to Knox 
Co., 111.. 1853, where he remained till 

1862, and came to this county, settling 
in Marietta Tp. Enlisted Aug. 11, 

1863, in the 8th Iowa Cav., Co. I ; was 
taken prisoner at Newnan, Ga., July 30, 
1864; was exchanged in March, 1865, 
and honarably discharged May 29 of the 
same year ; he at once returned and set- 
tled in Vitnna Tp., where he has since 
resided. Married Mary A. Cleaver 
Oct. 21, 1868 ; she was born in Colum- 
biana Co , Ohio ; they have two children 
living and one deceased — Maud L., 
Gracie I., and Earle H (deceased). Mr. 
E. now holds the ofiice of Township 
Clerk. Is a Republican in politics. 

a LASS, B. F., far., S. 10; P. O. 
Vienna. 
GliASS, JACOB ( deceased) ; born 
Dec. 27, 1809. Married Miss Betsy 
Lenhart Feb. 16, 1829; she was born 
in Union Co., Penn., July 20, 1811 ; 
they moved to Kendall Co., 111., in 
1847, and in August, 1855, came to 
this county, settling where Mrs Glass 
still resides, on Sec. 10. Mr. G. was 
one of the prominent men of this town- 
ship, but ended his useful life Feb. 17, 
1877, in his 68th year; his death was 
caused by a stroke of paralysis ; he 
being almost the first settler in this 
township, had a great many hardships 
and privations to endure, not the least 
among which was the loss, the year after 
his arrival, of all but five or six, of a 
fine herd of fifty cattle brought from 
Illinois. Mr. G.'s children are Catha- 
rine, Sarah J., John H., Benjamin F., 
Jacob L. and George B. The latter 
was born in Kendall Co., 111., Dec. 13, 



VIENNA TOWNSHIP. 



627 



1852. He married Anabel Dowler Oct. 
11, 1877 ; she was born in Scott Co., 
Iowa, Nov. 18, 1802 ; he resides with 
his mother. John Glass, who was the 
tather of Jacob Glass (deceased), died 
Feb. 27, 1811, aged 27 years 7 mos. 
and 22 days. His widow married Geo. 
Barger; she died Oct. 22, 1831, aged -11 
years 9 mos. and 5 days. Mr. Glass' 
only sister, Mrs. Peggy Hendricks, died 
in Fond du Lac, Wis., in September, 
1877, aged 70 years. The Glass estate 
in Vienna Tp. consists of 400 acres, 
worth SI 5,000. 

«I.ASS, JOHN H., farmer, Sec. 
10; P. 0. Vienna; owns eighty acres, 
valued at $8,200 ; born in Perry Co., 
Penn., Oct. 18, 1840 ; came to Kendall 
Co., 111., with parents in 1847, and to 
this county in 1855. Married Ellen 
Conrad Sept. 17, 1865 ; she was born in 
Harrison Co., Ind., Nov. 24, 1846 ; 
their children are Charles E., Leonard 
C, Dora M. and Nettie E. Is in poli- 
tics a Democrat. 

GL.ASS, J. L., farmer, Sec. 10 ; P. 
0. Vienna; owns 160 acres in Sec. 1, 
and eighty acres in Sec. 10 ; born in 
Perry Co., Penn., Aug. 22, 1845 ; came 
to Kendall Co., 111., with parents in 
1847, and to this county in 1855. Mar- 
ried Margaret McCall Feb. 22, 1870 ; 
she was born in New York ; they have 
three children — Ella, Annie E. and 
Lewis A. Is in politics a Democrat. 

Gray, A. H., far.. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Green 
Mountain. 

HAMM, LEWIS, far.. Sec. 32 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown. 

Havens, Josephus, far.. Sec. 7 ; P.O.Vienna. 

HIE DEM AX, OEOKGE, farmer. 
Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; owns 
eighty acres, valued at $2,000; born in 
Prussia Dec. 12, 1852 ; came to Amer- 
ica with his parents in 1855, they set- 
tling in New York State, but moved to 
Boone Co., 111., in 1857, and to this 
county in 1873, settling where he now 
lives. Mamed Miss Augusta Hurtzell 
April 16, 1872 ; she is also a native of 
Prussia; their children are AVilliam, 
George and an infant not named. In 
politics, a Rei»ublifan. 

HIL.L.V AI.BERT F., far, S. 26; 
P. 0. Green Mountain; owns 200 
acres, valued at $6,000 ; born in Cale- 



donia Co., Vt., Dec. 18, 1837 ; came to 
this county in June, 1861, settling in 
Marion Township, and on his present 
farm in 1863, which farm he purchased 
of Charles Gibson at S2.75 per acre, at 
that time a trackless prairie, and two 
miles to the nearest neighbor ; com- 
menced breaking ground with an ox 
team, which he used for a number of 
years ; his nearest shipping point at that 
time was Marengo, fifty miles distant ; 
he commenced life on this farm, living 
in a covered wagon ; he has now a tine 
residence, stable and outbuildings, cot^t- 
ing at least $3,000. He married Ellen 
M. Daniels in Marshalltown, April 30, 
1863; she was also born in Caledonia 
Co. ; their children are Erwin, Eugene, 
Ralph and Emma. He is a Republican 
and Congregationalist. 

HILL, E. X., farmer. See. 22 ; P. 0. 
Marshalltown; owns 160 acres, valued 
at $5,000; born in Caledonia Co., Vt., 
March 11, 1830 ; went to California by 
way of the Isthmus, in 1851 ; remaineil 
till 1855 ; engaged in mining most of 
the time ; then returned to Vermont, 
and, in the Spring of 1856, moved to 
Rock Co., Wis., where, in 1863, he 
married Sarah E. Saxton, a native of 
Allegany Co., N. Y.; in the Fall of 
1866, he moved to this county, settling 
in this township ; their children are 
Arthur H., Leslie E. and Horace S. 
Is a Republican and Congregationalist. 

Hillery, Jerry, far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Hilty, Geo., far., S. 29; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Hooper, John, for., S. 35 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

TRVINE, JAMES, tarmer, S. 28; P. 
I 0. Marshalltown. 

JACKSON, A. J., farmer, Sec. 21 ; 
P. O. Marshalltown. 

James, J. T., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

John.son, Chas., far.. S. 21 ; P. O.Vienna. 

JOKES, JOHX, farmer. Sec. 34; 
P. 0. Green Mountain ; owns 100 acres 
valued at $3,000 ; born in Rochester, 
Windsor Co., Vt., Nov. 3, 1809. Mar- 
ried Thirza Austin Oct. 14, 1834, and 
immediately moved to Summit Co., Ohio, 
and remained till 1848. when he moved 
to Janesville, Rock Co., Wis.; in 1866, 



628 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



he moved to this county, settling where 
he now lives ; Mrs. Jones was born in 
same town as her husband, Jan. 21, 
1813; they have three children living — 
Ellen M. (now Mrs. L. Norris), Edwin 
R. (^Clerk of the Court, resides in Mar- 
shalltown ), and Lois A. (now Mrs. B. A. 
Williams) ; their children deceased are 
Joseph A., who was a member of the 
22d Wis. V. I., Co. E, and died at 
Nicholasville, Ky., of typhoid pneumo- 
nia, Dec. 26, 1862, aged 18 years ; 
Chas. A., died Nov. 30, 1862, in his 
13th year, and Theresa, wife ot S. R. 
McLerran, died Dec. 7, 1873, aged 20 
years. Mr. Jones is a Republican and 
Congregationalist. 

KISER, FRED., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. 
Marshalltown. 
Keefer, J. F., far., Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 
Klein, G. J., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Vienna. 

LANDSBERG, G. E., far., S. 7 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown. 

Lane, A., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

I.AWREXCE, E. Y., physician 
and surgeon, 8ec. 13 ; P. 0. Badger 
Hill, Tama Co.; owns eighty acres, val- 
ued at $2,500 ; born in Wayne Co., 
Ohio, Aug. 25, 1831 ; moved with his 
parents to Wood Co., when 2 years old; 
remained twelve years and moved to 
Steuben Co., Ind.: remained six years and 
moved to Jo Daviess Co., 111.; remained 
about four years and moved to Fayette 
Co., Iowa ; remained but a short time 
and returned to Illinois, settling in Ogle 
Co., and there enlisted in the 34th 111. 
V. I., Co. H, in the Fall of 1861 ; par- 
ticipated in the battles of Pittsburg 
Landing, Shiloh and Stone River ; at 
Shiloh was wounded in the thigh, and at 
Stone River was severely wounded and 
crippled for life ; was honorably dis- 
charged for disability, on account of 
wounds, in May, 1863, and returned to 
Ogle Co., III., and commenced the study 
of medicine with Frazey & Lawrence, 
of Forreston, 111., attended lectures at 
Chicago Medical College and graduated 
in the Winter of 1866 and '67, and came 
to this County, Nov., 1868, where he 
has since resided. Married Alice Money 
at Wolf Grove, Grundy Co., June 5, 
1870 ; she was born in Milton, Berkshire 
Co., England, Nov. 26, 1848; came with 



parents to America in 1850, they settling 
near Cleveland, Ohio ; her mother died 
the next year ; her father resides in 
Beaman, Grundy Co. Mr. and Mrs. 
L. have one daughter — Floy, born Jan. 
8, 1872. They are members of the 
United Brethren Church, and Mr. L. is 
a Republican. 

Loverirl, A. R., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Vienna. 

L.OVERIN, RICHARD, farmer, 
Sec. 10; P.O.Vienna; owns 280 acres, 
valued at $8,500 ; born in Sullivan Co., 
N. H., Nov. 17, 1824; came to Mc- 
Henry Co., 111., in March, 1857, and to 
this county in June, 1865 ; settling on 
Sec. 4, this township. Married Har- 
riet Newell July 28. 1843 ; she was 
also born in Sullivan Co., N. H.; their 
children are Edwin C, Alvin R. and 
Sarah A. (twins), and Melissa. Is a 
Republican, and member of the M. E. 
Church. 

McLAIN, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 14 ; 
P. 0. Vienna. 

McKerrel, J., far.,S. 27 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

MACRII.L., JOEl., former. Sec. 
31 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; owns 175 
acres, valued at $6,000 ; born in Ash- 
land Co., Ohio, Sept. 7, 1824 ; moved to 
Licking Co., Ohio, with parents when 
about 6 years old ; in 1839, moved to 
Lawrence Co., 111., where his father 
died, and, in 1841, he returned to Ash- 
land Co., where, on July 3, 1851, he 
married Sarah A. Richey, who is a 
native of Columbiana Co., Ohio ; in 
1853, he moved to Williams Co., Ohio, 
and, in 1854, to this county, settling in 
Marion Tp., and moved to his present 
farm in the Spring of 1856. His chil- 
dren are John F., David W., Louisa C, 
Angeline, William R. ( deceased ), Edwin 
L., Addie M., Emma J., Mary A., Alva 
A., Charles I), (deceased), and Fannie 
A. Is a Republican and member of the 
M. E. Church. 

Maulesby. E. T., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Beaman. 

Maynard, C. G., far., S. 6; P. 0. Beaman. 

Maynard, E., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Beaman. 

Miller, A. M. T., tar., S. 29 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

9IIL.L.ER, JAMEI^ A., farmer, 
Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Vienna ; born in Herki- 
mer Co., N. Y., July 31, 1821 ; came t<i 
La Salle Co., 111., in 1844; remained 



VIENNA TOWNSHIP. 



629 



till 18(52, and moved to this county and 
to this farm in 1867 ; owns forty acres, 
worth $2,UII0. Married Mary Hoxit- in 
Palermo, N. Y., Oct. 26, 1841 ; she 
was born in Oswego Co., N. Y., in Au- 
gust, 1822 ; they have two children — 
Henry and Dora. Is a Republican and 
Methodist. 

MIIiHOLLAND, J. D., farmer. 
Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Spring Creek, Tama 
Co. ; owns 160 acres, valued at $6,000 ; 
born in Franklin Co., Ind., Dec. 4, 
1819 ; moved to this county in May, 
1856, settling where he now lives ; he is 
one of the old settlers of this township ; 
when he settled here, Iowa City was the 
nearest railroad station ; seventy-five 
miles distant, where he now lives, was a 
bleak, unbroken prairie ; now railroads 
cross his county in every direction ; the 
wild prairie has been transformed into 
well-tilled farms, dotted with beautiful 
groves and elegant farm houses. He 
married Henrietta Randall in Butler 
Co., Ohio, Dec. 25, 1850 ; she was born 
in Caledonia Co., Vt., July 31, 1824; 
they have three children living and one 
deceased — Serena E., born in Franklin 
Co., Ind., June 22, 1852; Florella E., 
born in the same county May 16, 1854, 
died Dec. 4, 1877 ; Frank W., born in 
this county Dec. 29, 1856 ; Willie H., 
also born in this county Oct. 2, 1862. Is 
a Republican, and member of the Chris- 
tian Church. 

Monlux, G. W., far., S. 4 ; P. O. Beaman. 

"A. riCHOLS, B. K., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. 

_L 1 Green Mountain. 

Nichols, F., far., S. 28; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Nichols, J., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

PIERCE, S. W., farmer. Sec. 35 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown. 

Pettycrew, Jas. E., far., Sec. 18; P. 0. 
Marshalltown. 

PIERCE, D. W., farmer, See. 35 ; 
P. 0. Marshalltown ; owns 230 acres, 
valued at $10,000; principal products, 
corn, wheat and oats ; has on his farm 
about forty head of cattle, ten horses, 
and raises annually about 125 hogs 
hogs ; when he came to this farm in 
1864, it was a wild prairie, and not a 
building on it ; there is now a fine 
orchard of 300 apple trees of the best 
varieties, a grove, principally of maple, 



covering seven acres, near the house on 
the west side, and containing about 
20,000 trees, which Mr. P. raised from 
the seed since coming here ; he has a 
good dwelling house and a substantial 
barn 24x38, 1(5 feet posts. Mr. P. 
makes a specialty of poultry raising, 
having this year upward of 300 
chickens, all Brahmas and beautiful 
birds ; he has the finest poultry yard 
and house the writer has seen in this 
county ; Mr. P. was born in Erie Co., 
N. Y., Dec. 8, 1829; moved to Ogle 
Co., 111., in 1854, and remained till 
1864, when he moved to his present 
residence. Married Adeline Stedman at 
Mt. Carroll, 111., Aug. 13, 1861 ; she 
was born in Lima, Washtenaw Co., 
Mich., March 19, 1840; moved with 
her parents to Stephenson Co., 111., when 
she was about 6 weeks old, and to Savanna, 
Carroll Co. when about 6 years old, where 
her parents still reside ; their children 
are Hattie M., Jennie W. and Lester 
P. He is a Republican, and, with Mrs. 
P., members of the M. E. Church. 

REED, NELSON, farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown. 

RAXDAIiL, I. W., farmer. Sec. 19 ; 
P. O. Marshalltown ; owns 265 acres, 
valued at $7,800; born in Niagara Co., 
N. Y., May 28, 1823; moved to Rock 
Co., Wis., in 1840, and to this county 
in 1865, settling where he now lives. 
Married Emily Bruce in Rock Co., 
Wis., in December, 1847 ; she was 
born in Allegany Co., N. Y.; their 
children are Rozina A. (now Mrs. 
Cleaver), born in Dec, 1848 ; Addie 
W., born in March, 1850; Dora E. 
(now Mrs. Stewart), born in Aug., 
1851 ; Susan A. (now Mrs. Eckles), 
born in March, 1853 ; Charles, born in 
Oct. 1854; Minnie, born in Sept.. 
1859, and Perry, born in May, 1861. 
He is a Republican and a Congrega- 
tioualist. Mrs. R. is a member of the 
Baptist Church. 

Reed, W. S.. far., Sec. 19; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

RICHEV, SAMUEL, farmer, S. 
31; P.O. Marshalltown; owns 114 J 
acres, valued at $4,500 ; born in Colum- 
biana Co., Ohio, Sept. 1, 1824; moved 
to Richland Co. with his parents in 
April, 1833; moved to Iowa in 1854, 



630 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



living the first Winter in Marion Tp. in 
this county, and in May, 1855, moved 
to where he now lives. Married Octavia 
Owens in April, 1849 ; she was a native 
of Pennsylvania; died April 2, 1876, 
aged 51 years; their children are 
David N., Morris B., John W. and 
Delia J. He is a Republican and a 
member of the Methodist (Miurch. 

RITCHIE, WILLIAM, farmer, 
Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; owns 
eighty acres, valued at $3,000 ; born 
in Scotland Feb. 27, 1816 ; came to 
America in 18-12 ; settling in Delaware 
Co., N. Y., where he remained till 
1858, and then moved to Polo, Ogle 
Co., 111., and to Carroll Co., in 1862, 
where the family lived three years, and re- 
turned to New York, but did not remain 
long ; after moving back and forth 
several times, they finally, in the 
Fall of 1867, moved to this county, 
settling in Vienna Tp., where he has 
since resided. He married Margaret 
Jamieson in Dec, 1836; she is also a 
native of Scotland ; their children are 
Jennette, David (deceased) ; Margaret 
A., Robert A., William J., Mary E.; 
their son David was a soldier in the 
92d 111. V. I., Co. C ; he died at Lex- 
ington, Ky., March 12, 1863, aged 
23 years. Mr. R. is a Republican and 
a member of the United Presbyterian 
Church. 

ROCKHIL.L., £., farmer, Sec. 6; 
P. 0. Beaman, Grundy Co.; born in 
Stark Co., Ohio. Dec. 28, 1835 ; moved 
to Marshall Co., Ind., with parents in 
1838, where he remained until 1855, 
and moved to thi.s county, first settling 
in Liberty Tp.; in 1872, he moved to 
Hardin Co., where he stayed three 
years ; returned to Liberty Tp., and in 
1876, moved to his present farm of 200 
acres, which is valued at $7,000 ; this 
land was entered by a man named Fisher, 
who sold to a man whose name is not 
known, and from whom Henry Butter 
purchased and sold to Mr. Rockhill. 
Mr. R. married Margaret M. Wilson, 
who is a native of Ohio ; their children 
are Harlow, Oscar, Robert A. (deceased) 
and John D. 

RO|fi$EXBKR<,}FK, W,S., farmer, 
Sec. 13; P. O. Marshalltown; is the 
son of G. N. and S. Rosenberger, and 



was born in Seneca Co., Ohio, Dec. 25, 
1 852 ; came to this county with his par- 
ents in 1855, they settling where he 
now lives. Married Miss M. J. Rickey, 
in Marshalltown, in Aug., 1871 ; she 
was born in Jasper Co., Iowa ; they 
have three children — Lula B., Ralph B. 
and Susie L. In politics. Republican. 

Russie, Charles, far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

Russie, D., Sr.,far., S. 22 ; P. 0. A^ienua. 

Russie, F., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

SANFORD, J. M., farmer. Sec. 35 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown. 

Sellers, G., far., S. 30 ; P. O. Marshalltown. 

2§iHELDON, JOHX, farmer. Sec. 
16; P. 0. Vienna; owns eighty acres 
of land, valued at $3,000 ; born in 
Rome, Oneida, Co., N. Y., Dec. 31, 
1818 ; was engaged in carriage making 
at Delta. N. Y., for a number of years, 
at times employing as high as fifteen 
men, but gave up the business, and in 
1854, moved to McHenry Co., 111. 
Enlisted in Feb., 1864, in the 153d 111. 
V. I., Co. A ; was honorably discharged 
Sept. 15, 1864, and returned to McHenry 
Co., where he remained until 1867, and 
moved to this countj', first settling on 
Sec. 5, this township ; moved to his 
present farm this Spring (1878). Mar- 
ried Rosanna H. Hawley, of Rome, N. 
Y., Dec. 31, 1840 ; she was born June 
27, 1818; their children are William 
A., Samuel H. and Frances (now Mrs. 
Loverin). Mr, S. has held the ofiice of 
Justice of the Peace for four years ; is 
a Republican and member of the M. 
E. Church. 

SHELDON, WILLIAM A., 

farmer. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Vienna ; owns 
eighty acres of land, valued at $2,500 ; 
born in Rome, Oneida Co., N. Y.,Feb., 
26, 1845 ; moved to McHenry Co., 111. 
with parents in 1855 ; from whence he 
enlisted Aug. 7, 1861, in Co. H, 8th 
111. V. C; went through the war under 
Gens. Sumner, Stoneman, Buford, Kil- 
patrick, Sheridan and others ; his regi- 
ment has a record of over one hundred 
engagements ; was twice taken prisoner, 
first at the battle of Antietam, after 
having his horse shot under him, but es- 
caped in a few hours and returned to 
his command, and again at Fredericks- 
burg ; was exchanged at City Point, and 



VIENNA TOWNSHIP. 



631 



honorably discharged at Benton Bar- 
racks, Mo., in July, 1865. Married 
Sarah Loverin March 11, 186G ; she 
was born at Lebanon, N. H., July 22, 
1849 ; they have three sons — John B., 
Harry L. and Frank C. Is a Repub- 
lican, and member of the M. E. Church. 

Shupp, C, far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

ISIMMONS, PHILIP, farmer, Sec. 
21; P. 0. Marshalltown ; owns 240 
acres, valued at $7,200 ; born in Cana- 
da July 22, 1839 ; came to Niagara 
Co., N. Y., with his parents while in 
infancy; remained till 1854, and moved 
to Kalamazoo Co., Mich., where he lived 
five years, then moved to Carroll Co., 
111.,, where he remained till the Spring 
of 18(55, when he moved to this county 
and settled on his present farm. Mar- 
ried Lizzie R. Nicholson Jan. 1, 1868; 
she was born in Cedar Co., Iowa, March 
9, 1850 ; came with parents to this 
county in 1852, they settling in 
Marion Tp. Mr. Simmons' children 
are— William E., born Oct. 26, 1868 ; 
Lewis M., Jan. 20, 1871 ; Estella, May 
16, 1874; Alma, March 30, 1876, and 
Jesse M., June 22, 1877. Is in poli- 
tics a Republican. 

Simpson, Thomas, farmer. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. 
Marshalltown. 

Somers, Milo, former, Sec. 28 ; P. 0. 

, ^Marshalltown. 

Stewart, A. M., farmer, Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
Marshalltown. 

STEWART, AL,VA T., farmer, 
Sec. 30; P. 0. Marshalltown; owns 
255 acres, valued at $7,500 ; born in 
Cortland Co., N. Y., May 7, 1843; 
came with parents to Dixon, Lee Co., 
111., in 1856, and Aug. 19, 1861, en- 
listed in the 34th 111. Vol. Inf , Co. D ; 
participated in the battles of Shiloh, 
Bentonville, Resaca, Liberty Gap and 
many others ; was wounded three times, 
once at the battle of Shiloh and twice 
at Liberty Gap ; Wiis honorably dis- 
charged in July, 1865, and returned to 
Dixon, 111. He came to this county in 
1866, settling in Marion Tp., but the 
next year moved to where he now lives. 
Married Dora Randall, who is a native 
of Rock Co., Wis. ; they have two 
children — William and Charles. Is in 
politics a Republican. 



Stover, E., far., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Strain, James E., farmer. Sec. 4 ; P. (). 
Beaman. 

YOORHEES, GEORGE, farmer, 
Sec. 15 ; P. O. Vienna, 
WALLACE, F., farmer, Sec. 11 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown. 

WALTER, <,}EOROE, farmer, S. 
3 ; P.O. Beaman, Grundy Co.; owns 300 
acres, valued at $10,000; born in Baden, 
Germany, Jan. 1, 1819 ; came to Amer- 
ica in 1837, settling in Warren Co., 
Ohio, where he remained until 1855, 
when he moved to this county, and set- 
tled where he now lives. His farm was 
entered by John Karl, from whom Mr. 
Walter purchased it when he arrived ; 
after staying on his farm a year, he 
moved to Marshalltown, and engaged ia 
business for seven years ; then returned 
to his farm, where he has since resided. 
Married Elizabeth Little in 1843 ; she 
was born in AVarren Co. , Ohio ; their 
children are Elizabeth, Mary, John, 
Caroline, Emma, Frank, George, Charles, 
Albert and Warren. Is a member of 
the Methodist Church. 

WEATHERLY A. C, farmer 
and Postmaster, Sec. 16 : P. 0. Vienna ; 
in Owen Co., Ind., March 19, 1847 ; 
came to this county in the Fall of 1867, 
settling in Iowa Tp. Enlisted in the 
25th Ind. V. I., Company F, July 4, 
1863 ; participated in many battles, and 
was with Sherman on his march to the 
sea ; was at the grand review at 
Washington, and honorably discharged 
at Indianapolis, Ind.. July 27, 1865. 
Married Eva Lowe .March 8, 1867, who 
died May 27, 1874. Married again 
Mrs. Rachel Patterson, daughter of 
Samuel Beesou, Aug 15, 1875; has 
three children — John F., Emma A. and 
Rosetta ; the last two are adopted. Mrs. 
W.'s children by her former marriage 
are Jesse J., Samuel B. and Emeline F. 
Republican in politics. 

Weeks, H., far., S. 32; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Wescott, E., far., S. 1 ; P. O. Badger 
Hill. 

Wescott, S., far., S. 12 ; P. O. Badger 
Hill. 

Wilbur, J. W., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 



t)32 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



WIL.L.IA9IS, B. A., farmer, Sec. 
3-i ; P. 0. Green Mountain; owns 120 
acres of land, valued at $3,500 ; born 
in Oswego Co., N. Y., Jan. 10, 1833 ; 
moved to Cayuga Co. with his parents 
when 6 years old, and to Rock Co., 
Wis., in May, 1852. Enlisted in the 
3d Wis. Cav., Company E ; was en- 
gaged in the battle of Prairie Grove and 
many others ; was honorably discharged 
Feb. 14, 1865, and returned to Wiscon- 
sin. Married Lois A. Jones Jan. 10, 
1866; she is a native of Summit Co., 
Ohio ; they have two children — Charles 
J. and Edwin P. Mr. W. came to this 
county in 1866, settling in this town- 
ship, where he has since resided. Is a 
Republican and a Congregationalist. 

WIL,I^IAMS, M. E., farmer, S_. 34 ; 
P. 0. Green Mountain; owns eighty 



acres of land, valued at $2,000 ; born in 
Cayuga Co., N. Y., in Sept., 1844 ; ho 
came to Rock Co., Wis., in 1852, and 
there enlisted in the 43d Wis. V. I., 
Company A, in Aug., 1864; was in 
several engagements, and honorably dis- 
charged June 24, 1865, and returned 
to Rock Co., Wis., and remained there 
until 1870, when he moved to this 
county, settling in Vienna Tp., where 
he has since resided. Is a Republican 
and Congregationalist. 
Wolf, C, far., S. 23; P. 0. Vienna. 

YETLEY, J., far., S. 36; P. 0. 
Green Mountain. 
Yetley, C, far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 
Zink, C, far., S. 25; P. 0. Green 
Mountain. 



TIMBER CREEK TOWNSHIP. 



ALEXANDER, WM., laborer, Sec. 
36 ; P. 0. Timber Creek. 
Anson, H., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

BAKER, ENOS, carpenter, Sec. 2 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown. 

Baker, W., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

Baxter, James, far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Timber 
Creek. 

BURGER, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 20; 
P. O. Marshalltown ; born in Alsace, 
Prussia, Sept. 6, 1817; came to this 
country in 1836, and located in Canada, 
where he lived for thirty-one years, en- 
gaged in farming ; came to this county 
in 1867. Married Miss Margaret Nye ; 
they have ten children, mostly located 
near him. Owns eighty- four acres of 
land, valued at $25 per acre. 

Birks, J. T., far., S. 13 ; P.O. Marshalltown. 

BIRKS, DAVID, farmer. Sec. 24 ; 
P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in Tennessee 
Jan. 15, 1813 ; moved to Logan Co., 
111., with parents when very young, 
and afterward, to Sangamon Co., where 
he lived about thirty years ; has always 
been engaged in farming, and now owns 
497 acres, valued at $15,000; came to 
this county in the Spring of 1852, and 
located where he now lives, being about 
200 01 300 yards south of where Ft. 



Robinson, of early days, used to stand. 
Mr. B. has been married twice, his first 
wife being Miss Phebe Turner, whom 
he mai'ried June 27, 1835 ; they had 
twelve children ; Mrs. B. died Nov. 26, 
1862, and Nov. 24, 1863, he married 
Mrs. Sarah Garrett ; they have two chil- 
dien. Mr. Birks has always been a 
strong Democrat. 

Blake, E., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

Burns, D., far., S. 16; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

CAMPBELL, J. F., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. 
Marshalltown. 

CARHODY, PETER, farmer, Sec. 
35 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in Clare 
Co., Ireland, Oct. 28, 1813; came to 
America in 1849, and in 1856, came to 
this county ; has always been engaged in 
farming. Married Miss Bridget Flan- 
agan July 27, 1836 ; they have twelve 
children living — Michael, John, James, 
Bridget, Peter, Thomas, Maggie, Will- 
iam, Mary, Sarah, Ellen and Ida. Mrs. 
Carniody died March 1, 1865. Mr. C. 
and family arc; membcTs of the Roman 
Catholic Church ; has always been a 
Democrat. Owns eighty acres of land, 
valued at $2,500. 

Chapman, W. T., far., S. 17 ; P. O. Mar- 
shalltown. 



TIMBER CREEK TOWNSHIP. 



633 



Chase, S. P., far.; S. 11 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

CHILSON, II. J., farmer, Sec. 8 ; 
P. O. Marshalltown ; born in Manches- 
ter, Ohio, Jan. 22, 1845 ; moved to 
New Philadelphia with his parents, 
when 2 years of age ; when 9 years old 
he went to Defiance Co., and afterward 
to De Kalb Co., Ind.. where he enlisted 
in Co. F, 129th Ind. V. I., and served 
about thirty-two months ; was at the 
-seige of Atlanta, and about all the bat- 
tles fought by the army of the Cumber- 
land. Came to this county in the Fall 
of 186(3. Has been married twice ; 
first wife was Miss Belle Chrispin, whom 
he married Sept. 1, 1868 ; they had one 
child — George Clyde ; second wife was 
Miss Elizabeth Hudson, whom he mar- 
ried Sept. 1, 1873 ; they have two chil- 
dren— Addie B. and Elbert. Mr. C. 
and wife are members of the Christian 
Church ; he is a Republican. Owns 
sixty acres of land valued at $1,800. 

Clark, P. J., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Clark, S. E., fiir.. Sec. 6; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Clark, W. H., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

COOPER, J. F. M., farmer, Sec. 
o5 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in Owen 
Co., Ind., Nov. 2, 1831 ; lived there till 
1847, when with his parents, he moved 
to Jasper Co., Iowa, and in April of the 
next year, came to this county and lo- 
cated where he now lives ; his father, 
Joseph Cooper, bought the first Gov- 
ernment land purchased in the county ; 
it being the southeast quarter of Sec. 
26, in this township ; he carried the 
money, mostly silver, to Iowa City, in a 
meal bag, and on horseback ; they en- 
dured many privations at that time ; the 
nearest mill was about sixty miles dis- 
tant, and at Newton their nearest phy- 
sician. On the 15th of September, 
1853, Mr. C. and Miss Elizabeth D. 
Alexander were united in marriage ; they 
have no children, save two whom they 
adopted. Mr. and Mrs. C. are members 
(if the Baptist Church : he has always 
been a Democrat. Owns 160 acres of 
land, valued at $5,000. 

CRABTREE. JAMES, farmer, 
Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in 



Clark Co., Ohio, Jan. 16, 1830 ; moved 
to Edgar Co., 111., in 1852, and engaged 
in farming and droving; moved to this 
county in the Fall of 1867. Married 
Miss Amanda Mo.s8 April 11, 1851 ; 
their children are Arthur, Alexander, 
John H., Dora B., Bruce, Justin R., 
Addie, Ettie May and Orie A. Mr C. 
is now extensively engaged dn raising 
stock; has 175 head of cattle, twenty 
horses and about 150 hogs ; owns 420 
acres of land, valued at $17,000. Po- 
litically a Republican. 

Crabtree, John, retired, S. 21 ; P. O. Mar- 
shalltown. 
.Crawford, J. B., far., S. 30; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

CRONKLETON, T. C, farmer. 
Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in 
Delaware Co., Ohio, Jan. 11, 1831 ; 
lived there until about 24 years old ; en- 
gaged in farming and teaching, working ' 
on a farm in the Summer and teaching 
school Winters, and by prudence and 
economy saved enough to enable him 
to come to this county and buy 240 
acres of land from the Government, 
which he did in April, 1855 ; bought 
a yoke of cattle, built a little shanty 
and went to work ; he was at that 
time the only man on the prairie ; he 
now owns 620 acres of land, valued at 
$15,500 ; is extensively engaged in 
raising stock, and also has a fine orchard 
of 800 trees, from 7 to 13 years old, all 
in fine condition. Mr. C. lived alone 
for five years after coming here, part of 
the time baching it. Married Miss 
Mary M. Parks April 2, 1863 ; their 
children are Mary G., born July 29, 
1868 ; Lamattie V., Dec. 17, 1870 ; 
Frank, Sept. 4, 1874, and .\gne,s J., 
April 15, 1877. Mrs. C. is a member 
of the Baptist Church ; Mr. C. is an 
active Republican. Has been Township 
Clerk for ten years, Trustee, and held 
other offices in the town.ship. 

DENNIS, H. A., far., S. 20; P. O. 
Marshalltown. 
DAYTON, J. I.., farmer. Sec. 27 ; 
P. O. Marshalltown ; born in Delaware 
Co., N. Y., March 5, 1838 ; moved to 
Bureau Co., 111., with parentis when 2 
years old ; lived there until 1867 ; en- 
gaged in farming when he came to this 
count v. Enlisted in Co. E, 33d 111. V. 



634 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



I., from Bureau Co , Aug. 8, 1861, for 
three years ; was in the West and South- 
west Department, re-enlisting at the ex- 
piration of the term, and served till the 
close of the war; was in the siege of 
Vicksburg, Port Gibson, Champion 
Hills, Magnolia Hills, Black River and 
all the principal battles of that Depart- 
ment, and came out without a wound. 
Married Jane E. Crane Oct. 23, 1866 ; 
their children are Lydia L., Chauncey 
L., Fanny L. and Ezra T. Has always 
been a Republican, and now holds the 
office of Constable. Owns 120 acres of 
land, valued at $25 per acre. 

DEWEY, A. D., farmer. Sec. 8 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown ; born in La Fayette 
Co., Wis., Aug. 12, 1857 ; camt? to this 
county with his parents when about 4 
years old, and has since made this his 
home. Married Miss Etta Brooks July 
4, 1877 ; they have one child — Loren W. 
Mr. D. is a Republican. Owns sixty 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre. 

DEWEY, THOS. D., farmer, Sec. 
8 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in Roch- 
ester, N. Y., March 7, 1842 ; at the age 
of 15, he traveled for a firm in the 
nursery business. Enlisted in Co. B, 
108th N. Y. V. I., July 26, 1862, for 
three years, but was honorably dis- 
charged Jan. 27, 1863, for disability ; 
came to this county in March, 1863, 
and shortly after moved to Hardin Co., 
but remained there only a few months, 
when he returned to this county, and 
locating in Marshalltown, started a pump 
factory, a business which he followed a 
few years ; now owns sixty acres of land, 
valued at $6,000, on which there is a 
very fine stone quarry. Married Miss 
Mary H. Curtis Aug. 5, 1862; they 
have five children — EvaM., born March 
4, 1864; Minnie A., born July 15, 
1867 ; Abbie M., born Sept. 12, 1870 ; 
Mabel C, born Feb. 14, 1872; Harry 
C, born Oct. 20, 1874. Mr. Dewey is 
a Republican, and now holds the office 
of Justice of the Peace. 

Dewoody, W., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

DICKINSON, R. M., farmer, Sec. 
11 ; P. O. Marshalltown ; born in Cam- 
bridge, Vt., Jan. 16, 1824, where he 
lived till 1866, when he moved to Clay- 
ton Co., Iowa, but soon after came to 



this county and bought the farm where 
he now lives ; has always been engaged 
in farming and dairying. Married Miss 
Hannah Pelton Oct. 25, 1853 ; she was 
born July 3, 1835 ; their children are 
Aimer B., born May 23, 1855; Or- 
lando H., born June 18, 1857; Floretta 
A., born Sept. 11, 1860 ; Charlotte M., 
born March 23, 1863, and Bessie Bell, 
born March 3, 1874. They attend the 
Baptist Church, of which Mrs. D. is a 
member. Owns 120 acres of land, val- 
. ued at $6,000. 

DOBSON, W., farmer. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. 
Marshalltown ; born in Madison Co., 
Ind., July 7, 1843; when 9 years old, 
went to Tama Co., Iowa. Enlisted Aug. 
17, 1862, in Co. E, 24th I. V. I, and 
served till the close of the war ; was in 
sixteen different battles, and in one of 
them rChampion Hills) was fired upon 
by two companies of rebels and nine 
bullets pierced his clothing, but only cue 
scratched him, and that slightly ; was 
taken prisoner, and lay twenty days in 
Libby Prison. Married Miss Gr. M. 
Van Vranken March 14, 1868 ; they 
have one child — Adelbert W., born 
Feb. 6, 1874. Mr. D. and wife are 
members of the Presbyterian Church at 
Marshalltown ; Republican, and holds 
the office of School Director. Owns 
120 acres of land, valued at $4,800. 

Dresback, W. H., fiir., S. 22 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

Dunham, Sylvanus, fruit and vegetable 
preserver, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

FERGUSON, J. J., far., S. 25 ; P. O. 
Timber Creek. 

Fessenden, John, far., S. 20; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

FINDERIS, JAUEI^, farmer. Sec. 
34 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in Jasper 
Co., Iowa, April 19, 1848 ; his fiither 
moved from Logan Co., 111., in 1847. to 
this county, and settled on Sec. 24, but 
moved to Jasper Co. in the Fall of the 
same year ; returned to this county in 
the Spring of 1850, and located where 
Mr. Birks now lives ; afterward sold 
him the farm ; in 1856, returned to Jas- 
per Co., and in 1863, to this county 
again; in 1868, moved to Gentry Co., 
Mo. Mr. F. returned to this county in 
the Autumn of 1875, and has made this 
his home since. Married Miss Susan- 



TIMBER CREEK TOWNSHIP. 



685 



nah E. Hilsabeck Jan. 1, 1868; their 
children are Charles A., Oliver A., 
Lloyd E., Oscar R. and baby not named. 
He is a Democrat politically. Owns 
eighty acres of land, valued at $2,50(1. 

Foulk, A. J., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Froeble, C.,far.,S. 38 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

Framh, J. W., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

r^ OURLEY, JAMES, far., S. 11 ; P. 

VJT 0. Mar.shalltown. 

Graham, Thomas, far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

ILKER^^ON, ROBERT, tarm- 
er, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; burn in 
Caledonia Co., Vt., Jan. 28, 1806, and 
lived there till 1865, when he moved to 
this county ; has always been engaged in 
farming and dairying. Married Miss 
Mary Brock Feb. 2, 1832 ; she was born 
May 16, 1812; they have one child — 
Sarah J., born Jan. 6, 1837, now the 
wife of A. M. Miller, who lives with 
them, and owns a farm just south. Mr. 
and Mrs. G. are members of the United 
Presbyterian Church, in which he is 
Elder ; was formerly a Whig, but since 
1856 has been a Republican. He owns 
eighty-four acres of land, valued at $80 
per acre. 

Griffith, H. C, far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

HALL, A. A., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

HlL.|i$ABE€K, WM. H., farmer, 
Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in 
Stokes Co., N. C, March 27, 1820; 
when about 14 years old, went to Owen 
Co., Ind., with his parents, and lived 
there eighteen years, engaged in farm- 
ing"; came to this county in the Fall of 
1852, and located in this township, 
which he has since made his home. 
Married Miss Matilda R. Spears Jan. 4, 
1842 ; she was born in Indiana Sept. 9, 
1822 ; their children are Elwin M., Da- 
vid I., Saluda C, John W.. Solomon P., 
Isaac E., William F., Elvira M.. Matilda 
J., Elkanah H. and Ardelia E. Mr. 
and Mrs. H. and several of the children 
are members of the Christian Church ; 
politically, he is a Democrat. Owns 175 
acres of land in this county, valued at 
$7,900, and 338 acres in Crawford Co., 
valued at $5,000. 



Haskel, Fred., far., S. 22; P.O. Marshall- 
town. 

Hayne, D. W., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Hilsabeck, Elvin M., far., S. 25; P. O. 
Marshalltown. 

Hinman, S. H., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Hogel, E. R., far., S. 34; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Hooren, F. M., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Timber 
Creek. 

Hughes,Wm. H., far., S. 9 ; P.O. Marshall- 
town. 

HULL., H. H., farmer, S. 23 ; P. 0. 
Marshalltown ; born in Mercer Co., 
Penn., Aug. 18, 1828; lived there 
until 22 years old, when he moved to 
Fayette Co., Iowa, and settled near 
West Union, being one of the early 
settlers of that county ; helped to raise 
the first mill in the county ; lived there 
till 1866, except two years spent in 
Minnesota, when he came to this 
county. Married Miss Phebe Wilson 
Nov. 8, 1849 ; they have sis children 
living — Enos M., Henry S., Katy, 
Nevada, Jerome H. and Seymour H. 
Mr. H. and family attend the M. E. 
Church. He is (juite extensively en- 
gaged in raising bees and fruit ; owns 
62-2 acres of land, valued at $40 per 
acre. Has always been a Democrat, and 
holds the office of Township Trustee. 
Mr. H. has within four rods of his 
house a spring of cold crystal water 
that continually flows a stream as large 
as a man's arm ; it is one of the finest 
locations for a trout pond in the State of 
Iowa. 

HIIRLBIJT, E., farmer, S. 15; P. 
0. Marshalltown ; he was born iu Coos 
Co., N. H., May 6, 1824; lived there 
till 1840, when, with his parents, he 
came to Peoria Co., 111.; in 1853, he 
came to this county, and located where 
he now lives ; but since that time he 
has spent about seven years in Illinois ; 
when he first came here, he engaged in 
teaming, hauling flour from Iowa City 
and Cedar Rapids; now he has a fine 
property, owning 230 acres of land, 
valued at $11,500. He married Miss 
Rebecca Hulsizer Aug. 20, 1843 ; they 
have three children — Hubbard, Rosina 
and Susan E. Mr. H. is a Republican. 



636 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



Hurlbut, H., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
tiiwn. 

JAMES, J. A., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

KEOPER, L.,far.,8. 11 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

Kesterven, C. E., far., S. 34; P. O. Mar- 
shalltown. 

Kunkle, K., fiir., S. 31 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 
LACKEY, W., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Tim- 
ber Creek. 

Lampman, C, far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Lemon, A. R., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

LangloflP. A., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Lincoln, L., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Livingston, M. C. far., S. 6; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

Liston, J., for.; S. 23; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

I.Ot NSBERRY, H. W., farmer, 
Sec. 11; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in 
Richland Co., Ohio, March 14, 1844 ; 
lived there six years, and in Lorain Co. 
two years ; came to this county in 
March, 1876 ; has always been engaged 
in farming. Married Miss Agnes Gourley 
Nov. 22, 1872; they have three chil- 
dren—Claud C, born Aug. 30, 1873 ; 
Harold C, June 14, 1874, and James 
C, Sept. 2. 1876. Mrs. L. is a mem- 
ber of the M. E. Church. Mr. L. has 
always been a Republican. Rents of 
his father-in-law. 

McCORD, H. T., far., S. 13; P. 
Marshalltown. 

Masterson, A. B., far., S. 14; P. O. Mar- 
shalltown. 

Milhiser, J., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Mll.LHISER, JOHN, farmer, S. 
30 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in Wur- 
tcmberg, Germany, Jan. 3, 1 808 ; when 
about 9 years of age, his parents took 
passage at Amsterdam for America, but 
the winds being contrary, they were 
driven high up in the North Sea, all the 
masts carried away, and they were at 
the mercy of the waves ; they finally 
got into the port of Bergen, Norway, 
where they wintered, and the next Sum- 
mer, after harvest, chartered a vessel to 



go to Philadelphia, on condition that the 
passengers be sold for the passage. His 
parents and sister were accordingly sold 
to serve four years each, and he to serve 
until he was 21 years old ; he was in 
charge of a Quaker, and worked on a 
farm. When the time was up, he went 
to Ohio, where his parents had previously 
moved, but having forgotten his native 
tongue, was unable to converse with 
them, and had to again learn the Ger- 
man language. The next Spring, he re- 
turned to Pennsylvania, and during the 
five years following, made three trips to 
Ohio, and returned, but finally located in 
Ohio. Was married Feb. 6, 1840, to 
Margaret Raub, who was born in Ohio; 
they have five children living — Wm. B., 
Henry R.. Christian C, Malinda H.and 
John L. Mr. M. and wife are members 
of the Evangelical Association. In 1856. 
they moved to Mercer Co.,' Penn., and 
remained until 1870, when they came 
to this county. The children are all well 
located near him. Owns 210 acres of 
land, valued at $6,300. 

Milhiser, W. B. far., S. 29 ; P. O. Mar- 
shalltown. 

Miller, A. M., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Moler, H., far., S. 10; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

MOXOHON, WILLIAM, far, 
S. 35 ; P. 0. Marshalltown, born in Ma 
son Co., Ky., Feb. 11, 1825 ; lived there 
until 40 years of age, engaged in farm- 
ing, tobacco and wheat raising, exten- 
sively ; was in the hotel business two 
years ; came to this county in March, 
1865, and located where he now lives, 
it being the first land entered in the 
county. Married Miss Nancy J. Owens 
Oct. 16, 1845 ; their children are Sarah 
F., Louisa A., Catharine C, John O., 
Ira E. and Robert E. Mr. and Mrs. 
M. are members of the Christian Church, 
in which he is Deacon ; Democrat. 
Owns 340 acres of land, valued at $16,- 
()()(► ; is quite extensively engaged in 
raising stock. 

Mulligan, E., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Mulligan, W., far., S. 18; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 
OWENS, W. W. far., S. 36 ; P. 0. 
Timber Creek. 



TIMBER CREEK TOWNSHIP. 



637 



OVIATT, E. L<., farmer, Sec. 14 ; 
P. 0. Marshalltdwn ; born in Trumbull 
Co., Ohio, April 20, 1828 ; the early 
part of his life he spent there, engaged 
in forming and dairying; came to this 
county in Dec, 1854, and located in 
Marshalltown, but afterward moved to 
his present farm. Mr. 0. has been 
married twice ; his first wife was Miss 
Betsy F. Sharon, whom he married 
Nov. 7, 1850, she died Nov. 20, 1857, 
on Dec. 28, 1858, he married Miss Re- 
becca W. Hoftman ; they have two chil- 
dren — Lydia L., born March 15, 1860, 
and William L., born Feb. 18, 1867. 
Mr. Oviatt and wife are members of the 
M. E. Church in Marshalltown. He 
enlisted in Co. D, 5th [. V. I., and 
served three years and six months, but 
one year was spent in Belle Island and 
Andersonville prisons, where he suf- 
fered so much from exposure and star- 
vation that he never fully recovered his 
health. Has always been a Republican. 
Has held various offices in the township. 
Owns sixty acres of land, valued at $3,- 
600. 

PRICE, A. T., far., Sec. 2 ; P. 0. 
Marshalltown. 
REIBER, JOHN A., farmer, S. 19 ; 
P. 0. Marshalltown. 

RAHX, JACOB O., farmer, Sec. 
31 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; he was born 
in Franklin Co., Penn., May 15, 1845; 
moved to Carroll Co., 111., with his 
parents when quite young, and lived 
there till 1867, when he came to this 
county. He enlisted in Co. B, 71st I. 
V. I., for three months, and after serv- 
ing his time, re-enlisted in Co. C, 8th 
I. V. I., and served till the close of 
the war ; was in the Eastern Department 
mostly. Married Miss Virginia Rogers 
Oct. 17, 1873; they have one child — 
Martha S. He is a Republican. Owns 
eighty acres of land, valued at $2,000. 

Richars, 0., far., S. 23 ; P. O. Marshall- 
town. 

ROGERS, FRANCIS, farmer, S. 
11 ; P. O. Marshalltown; born in Erie 
Co., Ohio, Jan. 24, 1842; when 12 
years old, his parents came to this 
county, and he has since made it his 
home. Enlisted in Co. K, 23d I. V.I., 
and served three years ; was in the 
battles of Port Gibson, Champion Hills, 



and Black River. January 28, 1866, 
he married Miss Mary E. Rogers ; their 
children are Cyrus, born Oct. 2!», 
1866 ; Ceres, born Sept. 13, 1870, and 
Cressie, born April 26, 1875. Mr. R. 
has always been a Republican. Owns 
eighty acres, valued at $4,000. 

ROGERS, JOHN, farmer, S. 11 ; 
P. O. 3Iarshalltown ; born in Erie 
Co., Ohio, July 30, 1836, and when 18 
years of age came to this county, which 
he has since made his home, with the 
exception of three years spent in Cali- 
fornia. Married Miss Susannah Myers 
Nov. 24, 1867 ; they have two children 
— Marriam L., born Dec. 13, 1869 ; 
Giles 0., born March 28, 1873. Mr. 
R. is a Republican politically. Owns 
eishty acres of land, valued at $3,500. 

ROGERS, REUBEN H., farmer. 
Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in 
Saratoga Co., N. Y., March 29, 1801 : 
spent his early days in that county, and 
lived in the State till 29 years of age, 
when he moved to Erie Co., Ohio, and 
engaged in farming, which he always 
followed. In 1854, he came to tlm 
county, and located where he now lives. 
Dec. 30, 1824, he married Miss Sallie 
Kipp, who was born in New York Nov. 
13, 1808; they have five children living 
— Betsey, John, Francis, Ellen and 
Ralph ; several of them are pleasantly 
located near him. Mr. R. was formerly 
a Democrat, but has been a Republican 
since the organization of the party. 
Owns 114 acres of land, valued at $40 
per acre. 

Rose, Henry J., farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. O. 
Marshalltown. 

SHETTLER, J. K. P., far., S. 29 ; P. 
O. Marshalltown. 
SCOTT, WM., farmer. Sec. 13 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown ; born in Scotland, and 
when quite young emigrated to Oneida 
Co., N. Y., with his parents; moved to 
Kendall Co., Ill, when about 15 years 
old; in the Spring of 1855, came to 
this county and located on his present 
farm, which now comprises 350 acres, 
valued at $15,800. Married Miss Jane 
Jenkins Oct. 6, 1852 ; she was burn in 
New York ; they have nine children — 
William Walter, born Dec. 15, 1853; 
Franklin W., born July 23, 1855; 
Samuel 0., born March 5, 1857 ; George 



€38 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



E., born April 6, 1859 ; Sarah B., born 
Dec. 23, 18G0; Mary E., born April 
12, 1863; Alice J., born June 23, 
1865; Charles H., born July 1, 1867; 
Rosetta, born Sept. 3. 1869. Mr. Scott 
is a Republican. 

^HERMAIV, C. W., farmer, Sec. 4 ; 
P. (3. Marshalltown ; born in Addison 
Co., Vt., Aug. 23, 1823 ; lived there 
till 1866, when he moved to this county 
and located in Marshalltown ; when in 
Vermont, he was engaged in farming and 
speculating ; his father built the first 
steamboat on Lake Champlain ; when he 
first came to this county he bought and 
kept for three years the hotel known as 
the Marshall House, which stood where 
the City Bank now stands ; he now 
owns 107 acres of land, valued at $50 
per acre. Married Miss Laura Taylor 
May 1, 1864; they have one child — 
Daisy, born Dec. 2, 1871. Mr. S. and 
family attend the Congregational Church 
in Marshalltown ; Republican in politics. 

SlUTH, ANDREW J., farmer, 
Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Timber Creek ; born in 
Harrison Co., Ohio, Nov. 1, 1819; re- 
ceived his education in the primitive log 
school house of those days. Emigrated 
to Coshocton Co., Ohio, when in his 
16th year, where he resided four years ; 
thence he removed to Owen Co., tnd., in 
October, 1838; in 1840, he cast his 
first vote for President Wm. H. Harri- 
son. Was married Oct. 13, 1842, to 
Miss Mahala A. Cooper, daughter of 
Joseph Cooper, who emigrated from 
Pulaski Co., Ky., to Owen Co., Ind., in 
1829 ; she was born Nov. 22, 1826. In 
August, 1847, Mr. S., with Joseph 
Cooper, Joseph M. Ferguson, W. C. 
Smith and Blakeley Brush, emigrated to 
Jasper Co., Iowa, and in April, 1848, J. 
Cooper, J. M. Ferguson, W. C. S'liith 
and B. Brush removed with their fami- 
lies to this township, and in the Spring 
of 1849, Mr. S. followed them and 
located where he now lives ; they have 
had eight children, .six of whom are liv- 
ing—James M., born Feb. 5, 1844; 
David W.,born March 12, 1846; John 
W., born Feb. 18, 1848; Joseph W., 
born Sept. 21, 1849; William F., born 
Sept. 16, 1851 ; Nelson J., born March 
8, 1854 ; Amanda E., born July 2, 
1856; Andrew J., born March 23, 



1860. John W. died Oct. 10, 1851. 
James M. enlisted in Co. H, 13th I. V. 
I., was ordered to Benton Barracks, in 
St. Louis, in November ; he took the 
measles and died Dec. 23, 1861. Mr. 
S. was the first contractor in this county 
to carry the mails ; the route was from 
Timber Creek to Newton and back once 
a week ; the salary was the proceeds of 
the office, about $1.25 per quarter; has 
held the office of Postmaster. David 
Cooper was the first Constable elected in 
the county, and Mr. S. was next elected 
for 01 e year, and at the close of the 
term was elected Justice of the Peace 
for one ^J^ear ; bound the first couple in 
the bonds of matrimony in this county 
— Almerian Gear to Miss Ballard, 
daughter of Phillip Ballard, now living- 
near Albion. Mr. Smith was a Whig in 
early days, but since the organization of 
the Republican party, has voted with 
them. Owns 190 acres of land, valued 
at $6,000. 

Small, A., far., S. 3 ; P. O. Marshalltown. 

SMITH, B. F., farmer, Sec. 13 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown ; born in Coshocton 
Co., Ohio, July 14, 1837 ; lived there 
two years, and in Owen Co., Ind., until 
1848, when, with his parents, he came 
to this county and located on Timber 
Creek, his father being one of the first 
men who settled iu the county ; he was 
one of the occupants of Ft. Robinson, 
which his father helped to build and oc- 
cupy during the excitement caused by 
the Indians coming in here in large 
numbers and arming and drilling ; he 
attended the first school taught in this 
county, his brother, now Judge W. C. 
Smith, of Albion, being the teach- 
er. Married Miss Nancy J. Ralls 
June 10, 1860 ; they have had 
five children, but have lost them 
them all. Mr. Smith spent two years, 
from 1863 to 1865, in Idaho and Mon- 
tana. Is a Democrat in politics. Owns 
eighty acres of land, valued at $4,000. 

Smith, C, far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

Smith, J., far., S. 9 ; P. O. Marshalltown. 

Snow, G., tar., S. 12 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

Snyder, J., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

STACY, O., farmer, Sec. 29 ; P. O. 
Marshalltown ; born in Mahoning Co., 
Ohio, Oct. 14, 1846; moved to Mercer 
Co., Penn., when about 16 years old; 



TIMBER CREEK TOWNSHIP. 



639 



lived there three years, and in the 
Spring of 1868, moved to this county 
and engaged in farming, which he has 
always followed. Has always been a 
Republican, and is now Treasurer of 
School District. Owns 100 acres of 
land, valued at $30 per acre. 

Stacy, W. H., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Stewart, G., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

Stone, H. M., far., S. 6 ; P. O. Marshall- 
town. 

Stunbarger, C. M., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 
TRAVIS, GEORGE, far., S. 16 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown. 

TOWlfER, ArSTIlV, farmer. Sec. 
27 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in Brad- 
ford Co., Peun., March 17, 1832 ; lived 
there till 20 years old, engaged in farm- 
ing and lumbei'ing ; he then traveled 
very extensively throughout the Western 
States and Territories ; was with Gen. 
Johnson in his expedition against the 
Mormons ; he finally settled in Ogle Co., 
111., and married Miss Elizabeth B. 
Bullis Sept. 15, 1860, and May 17, 
1861, he enlisted in Co. D, 39th 111. V. 
I., and served till September, 1863, 
•when he resigned on account of ill 
health ; was promoted to First Lieuten- 
ant, and served in the Eastern Depart- 
ment nearly all the time ; was in the 
battles of Winchester, Port Republic, 
Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Seven Pines, 
Antietam, South Mountain, and the 
seven days' fight before Richmond. Mr. 
T. and wife are members of the Evan- 
gelical Association ; he is a Republican, 
and has held about every township 
ofiice ; has been Justice of the Peace 
twelve years. Owns ninety-three acres 
of land, valued at $40 per acre. 

TRAVIS, AI.FRED, farmer, Sec. 
15; P. 0. Marshalltown; born in Erie 
Co., Ohio, Dec. 1, 1849 ; came to Mar- 
shalltown when 9 years old, and located 
with his parents one mile west of the 
city ; has made this county his home 
ever since. Married Miss Margaret B. 
McMullin Jan. 12, 1875 ; she is a mem- 
ber of the M. E. Church. Mr. T. has 
always been a Republican. Owns eighty- 
five acres of land in Worth Co., Mo., 
valued at $2,0(»0, but cultivates the 
place owned by his mother-in-law. 



WALTERS, WILLIAM, far., Sec. 
19 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

Weber, J., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Weeks, J., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

WEIR, JAMES L., farmer, Sec. 
31 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in 
Dutchess Co., N. Y., Oct. 10, 1841, and 
when about 8 years old, moved to Cook 
Co., 111., and in 1856, to Dane Co., Wis.; 
remained there fourteen years, engaged 
in farming, except one year in the army. 
Enlisted in Aug., 1864, in Co. B, 42d 
Wis. V. I., and served one year. Came 
to this county in Nov., 1868. Married 
Miss Hattie K. Howe Aug. 31, 1871 ; 
they have two children — Loretta May, 
born July 8, 1872, and Melvin W., Feb. 
16, 1876. Mrs. W. is a member of the 
Evangelical Methodist Church ; he is a 
Republican. Owns 160 acres of land, 
valued at $4,000. 

Wilkie, J. C, far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Wessel, G., far., S. 30; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Wilbur, A. A., far., S. 5; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

William, W. J., far , S. 29 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

WILSON, H. CLAY, farmer. Sec. 
15 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in Lewis 
Co., Ky., Jan. 12, 1837 ; when about 
15 years of age, he moved to Adams 
Co., Ohio, and in 1856, came to this 
county and located in Timber Creek ; 
has been engaged in raising and handling 
fine stock, more particularly hogs ; owns 
eighty acres of land, valued at $35 per 
acre. Mr. W. enlisted in Co. K, 23d 
I. V. I., in Aug., 1862, and served till 
the close of the war ; was First Lieu- 
tenant for the last two years of his serv- 
ice. Married Miss Jennie Heinsdon 
March 25, 1868 ; they are members of 
the Congregational. Church in Marshall- 
town. Mr. W. is a RepubHcan, and 
has held the office of Township Assessor 
six or seven terms. Owns eighty acres 
of land, valued at $35 per acre. 

Winters, P. J., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

Wright, M., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

YEAMANS, N. F., farmer, Sec. 14; 
P. 0. Marshalltown. 

6 



640 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY; 



MINERVA TOWNSHIP. 



ALEXANDER, CHARLES, farmer, 
Sec. 19; P. 0. State Centre. 

AKSELME, JOSEPH, far., Sec. 
19 ; P. 0. State Centre ; born Jan. 6, 
1829, in France ; in 1844, came to 
New Orleans, then to St. Louis; in 1845, 
removed to La Salle Co., 111.; in 1854, 
came to Minerva Tp.; owns 330 acres, 
valued at S25 per acre. Married Mary 
Rohrr June 1, 1856 ; she was born 
July 30, 1835, in France; have seven 
children — Margaret, Joseph, Mary, Sa- 
lina, Rosella, John and Albert. Has 
been School Director. Are members of 
the CatholicChurch. 

Armbaecht, I^ouis, far., S. 20 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

BAUER, ALBERT, far., Sec. 19 ; P. 
0. State Centre. 

BABCOCK, A. C, capitalist. Sec. 
29 : P. 0. State Centre ; born March, 
1828, in Yates Co., N. Y.; in 1846, 
came to Canton, 111., and still resides 
there ; he owns about 2,000 acres of land 
in Marshall Co., Iowa. Married Mar- 
garet A. Bidamon, daughter of Christian 
Bidamon, of Canton, 111. ; they have 
seven children — Mary V., C. Don, Clara 
L., Frank C, Maggie, Sheldon S. and 
Wm. Pitt. 

BA1>KR, DAXIKI., far.. Sec. 27; 
P. 0. State Centre; born Feb. 1, 1833, 
in Wurtemberg, Germany; in 1850, 
came to Racine, Wis.; in 1855, came to 
De Kalb Co., 111.; the same year, re- 
turned to Germany ; then came to Illi- 
nois ; Sept. 8, 1865, came to his pres- 
ent farm ; owns 265 acres, valued at 
$40 per acre. Married Johanna Nei- 
meyer Dec. 1, 1855 ; she was born 
Feb. 7, 1838, in Hanover, Germany, 
and died Sept. 9, 1877 ; had six chil- 
dren, five livings-Maria, Fred., Ida, 
George and Welbert ; lost Edward in 
1877, aged 11 years. Has been School 
Director. Are members of Lutheran 
Church. 

Blackburn, David, far., S. 15; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

Blackburn, Thos., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. State 

Blank, R., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Minerva. 
Bode, H., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. State Centre. 



Borton, J., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Minerva. 

Bryant, J. P., far.. Sec. 16 : P. 0. State 
Centre. 

BRYAIVT, RICHARD, far , Sec. 
4 ; P. 0. Minerva ; born Sept. 10, 1820, 
in Lewis Co., Ky.; in 1856, came to 
Marshall Co., Iowa, and to his present 
farm; owns 156 acres, valued at S30 
per acre. Married Jane Spence Jan. 
23, 1841 ; she was born in December, 
1820, ih Lewis Co., Ky.; have three 
children — Mary M., Nancy A. and Job a 
A. Are members of the Christian 
Church. 

Busse, H., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

r^HAMBERLAIN, ASA R., far., S. 

V_7 35 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

Chinlsud, A., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Minerva. 

Churchhill, S. W., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

CliEMONS, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 
12; P. O. Minerva; born April 28, 
1856, in Minerva Tp. ; removed to his 
present farm in 1877; owns 160 acres 
of land, valued at $25 per acre. Mar- 
ried Clara Antes Sept. 30, 1877 ; she 
was born Feb 4, 1856, in Oneida Co., 
N. Y. ; her parents live in Liberty Tp. 

CLEMOKS, WILLIAM M., far., 

Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Minerva ; born June 21, 
1815, in Bourbon Co., Ky. ; in 1817, 
came with his parents to Jeiferson Co., 
Ind. ; in 1825, came to Decatur Co., 
Ind. ; in 1854, came to Marshall Co., 
Iowa ; owns 656 acres of land, valued at 
$25 per acre. Married Nancy Elder 
Jan. 16, 1840 ; she was born July 7, 
1820, in Washington Co., Ky. ; had 
twelve children, nine living — Mary S., 
Sarah A., Nancy J., Emma E., Maria 
E., Wm. J., John A., Harvey P. and 
Abraham L. Has been Postmaster for 
four years ; has been Justice of the 
Peace, and is Township Clerk and Treas- 
urer, and is Sub- School Director. Mem- 
bers of the Christian Church. 

Tj"^LEY, J., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. State 
Pj Centre. 

EADIiER, JOH]^, farmer. Sec. 20 ; 
P. 0. State Centre; born Sept. 12, 
1840, in Germany ; in 1870, came to 
Minerva Tp.; owns 100 acres of land, 
valued at $30 per acre. Married Evena. 



MINERVA TOWNSHIP. 



641 



Eckhart Au^-. 27, 1875; she was born 
in Kondall Co., III., in 185-1 ; have three 
children — Anna, Mary and William. 
Members of Lutheran Church. 

ECKHART, AUGUST, far , S. 
27 ; P. O. State Centre ; born Aug. 19, 
1819, in Hanover, Germany; in 1850, 
came to Kendall Co., 111. ; in 1855, he 
came to Minerva Tp. ; in 1868, removed 
to his present flirm ; owns 346 acres of 
land, valued at $40 per acre. Married 
Mena Neimeyer in Sept., 1853 ; she 
was born in Feb., 1827, in Hanover, 
Germany ; had ten children, nine living 
— Irwena, Caroline, Mary, Hannah, 
Elizabeth, August, Emma, Louis and 
Eddy; Henry died in 1877, aged 10 
years. Was nine years a soldier in Ger- 
many. He is School Director. Mem- 
bers of Lutheran Church. 
ipORBES, T. J., farmer. Sec. 35 ; 
' P. 0. State Center; born March 18, 
1830, in Madison Co., N. Y. ; 1862, came 
to Ionia Co., Mich. ; in 1865, came to 
Marshall Co., Iowa; in 1873, removed 
to his present farm ; owns eighty acres 
of land, valued at $40 per acre. Mar- 
ried Kate Peckham Oct. 20, 1861 ; she 
was born Dec. 16, 1832, in Oneida Co., 
N. y. ; they have one child — Nettie. 

r^ AUNT, S., far., S. 4; P. O.Minerva. 

Gerke, Wm., far., J. 23; P. 0. State 

Centre. 
German. A., far., S. 17; P. 0. State 

GREWELU, A. B., farmer, Sec 2 ; 
P. 0. Minerva; born April 17, 1841, 
in Harrison Co., Ohio , in 1859, came 
to Hardin Co., Iowa ; in 1860, came to 
Washington Tp., and in 1866, removed 
to Minerva Tp. ; owns sixty-four acres 
of land, valued at $30 per acre. Married 
Maria E. Clemons Oct. 18, 1868; she 
was born Oct. 15, 1850, in Indiana; 
have four children — Carrie, Frank, John 
and Harry. Enlisted in 1862 in 2iid 
Iowa V. I., Company K, and served to 
the close of the war. 

GRE WEUIi, B. F., farmer. Sec. 24 ; 
P. O. Minerva; born July 26, 1848, in 
Coshocton Co., Ohio; in 1859, came to 
Hardin Co., Iowa; in 1860, came to 
Minerva Tp. ; March 1, 1877, removed 
to his present farm ; owns 156 acres of 
land, valued at $25 per acre. Married 



Alma J. Evans Feb. 9, 1873 ; she was 
born June 19, 1854, in Decatur Co., 
Ind. 

HAMLETON, I. P. & E., farmers, S. 
1 ; P. 0. Minerva. 

Heartwig, L., far.. See. 17 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

HELIX, NICOLAS, farmer. Sec. 
15 ; P. O. State Centre ; born June 18, 
1821, in France; in 1853, came to Illi- 
nois ; in 1857, came to Marshall Co., 
owns 160 acres of land, valued at $20 
per acre. Married Mrs. Mary J. Mar- 
tin March, 1853 ; she was born April 1, 
1814, in France ; they have two chil- 
dren — Edward and Emeline; Mrs. H. 
has one child by a former marriage — 
Mary (now Mrs. Miller), living in Ore- 
gon. 

Hennes, L., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

HILL, ABRAHAH, farmer. Sec. 
1 ; P. 0. Minerva; born Feb. 20, 1832, 
in Westmoreland Co., Penn. ; in 1853, 
he came to Cedar Co., Iowa; in 1856, 
he removed to Marshall Co.; rents 100 
acres of land from W. M. Clemons. He 
married Nancy Spence Aug. 15, 1864; 
she was born Sept. 10, 1845, in Ken- 
tucky ; they have three children — Otho 
W., Thomas J. and Blanche ; he has one 
son by a former marriage — William A. 
Has been Justice of the Peace and Con- 
stable ; is School Director. Members of 
M. E. Church. 

Hillemann, F. J., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

Hillemann, F., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

Hillemann, H., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

Hockett, S., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Minerva. 

y XOLE DUE, WILLIAM, farm 

JL er, Sec. 12; P. 0. Minerva; owns 
223 acres of land, valued at $25 per 
acre; born Sept. 27, 1827, in Columbi- 
ana Co., Ohio; in 1855, came to Mar- 
shall Co., Iowa. Married Phebe J. 
King in April, 1849 ; she was born in 
March, 1829, in Columbiana Co., Ohio; 
had seven children, six living — Harry 
R., Osborn C, William, Frank K., El- 
wood C. B. and Louis M.; lost Lot in 
1861, aged 20 months. Has been Jus- 
tice of the Peace, Township Clerk, and 
Assistant Secretary of the School Board. 



642 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



JOHNSON, JOHN, far.. Sec. U ; P. 
0. State Centre. 

KEOPLE. G. C, far., Sec. 5; P. 0. 
Minerva. 

KAISER, GEORGE, farmer, S. 
1?>; P. 0. State Centre ; born Nov. 13, 
1835, in Holstein, Germany ; in 1856, 
came to Davenport, Iowa ; in 1868, came 
to his present farm ; owns 245 acres of 
land, valued at §30 per acre. Married 
Anna Freese Feb. 22, 1860 ; she was 
born Dec. 29, 1839, in Prussia, Ger- 
many ; they have seven children — Ju- 
lius, William, Alvena, Emma, Anna, 
Henry G. and George W.; John C. died 
in infancy. Are members of the Lu- 
theran Church. 

KERSTEN, A. W., farmer, Sec. 
34 ; P. 0. State Centre ; born Dec. 14, 
1849, in Machtlas, Germany ; June 21, 
1868, came to Lee Co., 111.; Feb. 20, 
1870, came to State Centre, Iowa ; they 
own 162 acres of land, valued at $30 
per acre. Married Mrs. Sophia Ahrens 
May 23, 1878 ; she was born April 2, 
1854, in Germany. Are members of 
the Lutheran Church. 

Kloke, D., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

Kreople, M., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Minerva. 

Kreople, P., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Minerva. 

Kuhlemann, Henry, far., Sec. 20 ; P. 0. 
State Centre. 

LAPLANT, DAVID, far., Sec. 13; 
P. 0. Minerva. 
Leipheit, Wm., far.. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

MAPLE, WILLIAM, far., S. 3 ; P. 
0. Minerva. 

McDANIEI., WII.LIAM, black- 
smith and Postmaster, Minerva ; born 
April 29, 1854, in Bennington, 111.; the 
same year, came with his parents to 
Marshalltown, Iowa; March 1, 1878, 
came to Minerva. Married Fannie 
Rood May 26, 1875 ; she was born in 
Illinois ; have one child — Delia, born 
May 19, 1877. 

HAGEE, GEORGE W., far., S. 

3 ; P. 0. Minerva; born May 20, 1833, 
in Henry Co., Ky.; in 1835, came to 
Indiana with his parents ; in 1855, came 
to his present farm ; owns 409 acres, 
valued at $35 per acre. Married Belle 
Dorton March 6, 1859 ; she was born 
Dec. 13, 1838, in Union Co.; Ind.; had 
six children, four living — George W.. 



Ada A., Cora B. and John H.; WiUie 
died April 11, 1861, aged 1 mo.; Lo- 
rella, died Oct. 29, 1863, aged 20 mos. 
Has been Assessor and Township Col- 
lector. Are members of the Disciple 
Church. 

IIOORE, GEORGE R., for , Sec 

12 ; P. 0. Albian ; born July 10, 1835, 
in Columbiana Co., Ohio ; in 1865, 
came to Marshall Co., Iowa; in 1867, 
came to present farm ; owns 140 acres,val- 
ued at $30 per acre. Married Sarah J. 
McMillan Sept. 7, 1865 ; she was born 
Jan. 17, 1837, in Pennsylvania; have 
six children — Anna M., Eli H., Byron 
B., Arthur E., Virgil and Ira. Enlisted 
in 1862, Co. C, 104th Ohio V. I., and 
served three years, to the end of the 
war. 

Mooney, S., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Minerva. 

MOSER, JOSHUA, for., S. 4; P. 
0. Minerva ; born Sept. 17, 1843, in 
Summit Co., Ohio ; in 1872, came to 
Marshall Co., Iowa ; in 1875, removed 
to his present farm ; owns ninety-six 
acres, valued at $25 per acre. Mai-ried 
Malinda Rishel Nov. 8, 1863; she was 
born Oct. 13, 1845, in Northampton 
Co., Penn.; have seven children — Emma 
R., born April 26, 1864; Clara L., 
Sept. 24, 1865 ; Charlie F., Aug. 24, 
1867; Jennie L., Oct. 11, 1871 ; El- 
mer E., Oct. 13, 1873 ; William E., 
Oct. 20, 1875 ; Bertha A., Jan. 31, 
1878. Are members of the Lutheran 
Church. 

Mosher, P., S. 4 ; P. 0. Minerva. 

Mulloy, M.,far.,S. 30; P.O. State Centre. 

Mushik, M., Sr., far., S. 7; P. 0. Minerva. 

T^TEWLAND, ABRAHAM, far., Sec. 

_LN 9 ; P. 0. Minerva. 

Niedert, C, far., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

Niemeier, Frederick, farmer, S. 27 ; P. 0. 
State Centre. 

Nolte, G., far., S. 33; P. 0. State Centre. 

OEHLSEN, HENRY, farmer. Sec. 22; 
P. O. State Centre. 
OL.TSON, FRED, farmer. Sec. 27. 
P. 0. State Centre ; born Oct. 12, 1845, 
in Brunswick, Germany ; in 1854, came 
to Kendall Co., 111. ; in 1861, came to 
Marshall Co., Iowa ; in 1868, removed 
to his present farm ; owns 248 acres, 
valued at $30 per acre. Married Adal- 
ade Wantz Oct. 17, 1868 ; she was born 



MINERVA TOWNSHIP. 



G43 



Aug. 12, 1854, in La Salle Co., 111. ; 
have six children — Anna, Laura, Fred- 
ericka, Emma, Louisa and Amelia. 
Members of the Lutheran Church. 

PALMER, A. J., farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 
O. Minerva. 
Phantz, Henry, farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. 

State Centre. 
PECKHAM, HIRAM, farmer, 

Sec. 35 ; P. 0. State Centre ; born 

March 7, 1820, in Oneida Co., N. Y. ; 

in 1855, came to Marshall Co., Iowa; 

July 4, 1874, removed to Minerva Tp. ; 

ovpns sixty acres, valued at $40 per acre ; 

His mother lives in Oneida Co., N. Y., 

aged about 87 years. 

RIEMENSCHNEIDER, L., far., Sec. 
■ 28 ; P. 0. State Centre. 
Riese, M., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. State Centre. 
Rumsey, Theodore, far., S. 25 ; P. 0. 
State Centre. 

SAWER, WILLIAM H., farmer. Sec. 
35 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

SCHAPER, AUOrST, farmer. 
Sec. 16; P. 0. State Centre; born 
May 13, 1844, in Brunswick, Germany; 
in 1855, came to Canada; in 1859, 
came to Illinois ; in 1861, came to Mar- 
shall Co., Iowa; in 1868, came to his 
present farm ; owns 260 acres of land. 
Married Miss Barbara German Oct. 28, 
1868 ; she was born in August, 1843 ; 
have four children — August, Henry, 
Christ and William ; she has three chil- 
dren by a former marriage — Josephine, 
Mary and George. Are members of 
the Lutheran Church. 

Schaper, Henry, farmer, Sec. 13 ; P. 0. 
State Centre. 

Schaper, Henry, far., S. 17 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

Schuler, Christ, far., S. 25 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

Sedgwick, W. H. H., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. 
State Centre. 

Lee, David, far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Minerva. 

^ilMITIl, HENRY L.., farmer, Sec. 
14 ; P. 0. State Centre ; born May 4, 
1837, in Brunswick, Germany ; in 1856 
came to Kendall Co., III.; in 1861, en- 
listed in Co. E, 36th 111. Inf ; served 
about three years and was discharged on 
account of a wound received at the 
battle of Chickamauga ; in 1864, came to 
Marshall Co., Iowa ; owns 480 acres, 
valued at $25 per acre. Married Eliza 



Bode May 25, 1864 ; she was born in 
1841 in Germany ; had six children, 
five living — Louis, Henry, Mary, Mena 
and William ; lost Eliza iu 1873, aged 
1 year. Is Township Assessor. Are 
members of Lutheran Church. 

Spence, J., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

Standen, J., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Minerva. 

Stellert, G., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

Stewart, J., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

Stough, W., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Minerva. 

Strohmeier, Wm., far., S. 35; P. 0. State 
Center. 

SWIFT, E. C}., farmer, Sec. 34; P. 
0. State Centre; born, Dec. 9, 1844, in 
Lorain Co., Ohio ; in 1866, came to 
Illinois ; in 1868, returned to Ohio ; in 
1869, removed to Marshall Co.; in 1874, 
came to his present farm ; owns 220 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre. 
Married Charlotte J. Goodrich July 
23, 1867 ; she was born May 7, 1847, 
in Lorain Co., Ohio ; have one child — 
Theodore T., born Dec. 20, 1872. Are 
members of the Presbyterian Church. 

a^AGETOFF, BENNET, farmer. Sec. 
. 10 ; P. 0. Minerva. 

Thompson, Robt., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. State 
Center. 

THOMPSON, WIIiLIAM, farm- 
er. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. State Centre ; born 
in 1807 in Ireland ; in 1832, came to 
Providence, R. I.; in 1857, came to Bel- 
videre, 111.; in 1867, removed to his 
present farm ; owns 160 acres of land, 
valued at $35 per acre. Married Eliza- 
beth A. Nelson July 4, 1837 ; she was 
born in 1817 in Ireland ; had eleven 
children, five living — Sarah J., Mary 
E., Ella, William S. and Maggie E. Are 
members of the United Presbyterian 
Church. 

Tiepermann, Wm., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

Tuttle, E., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

UHDE, WILLIAM, farmer. Sec. 27 ; 
P. 0. State Centre. 
VAN METRE, I. T., farmer, 
Sec. 8 ; P. 0. State Centre ; born 
Nov. 11, 1822, in Berkeley Co., Va.; in 
1825, came with his parents to Fairfield 
Co., Ohio ; in 1855, came to Linn Co., 
Iowa; in 1856, removed to Benton Co.; 
in 1870, came to his present farm ; owns 
162 acres of land, valued at $30 per 
acre. Married Mary Blair March 16, 



644 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



1876; she was born Jan. 13, 1845, in 
Johnson Co., Iowa; have one child — 
Hattie ; he has five children by a former 
marriage — John, Fred, Will, Nettie 
May and Charles. Are members of the 
Christian Church. 

WARNER, 0. W., farmer, Sec. 2 ; 
P. 0. State Centre. 
WAXTZ, E., farmer, Sec. 14 ; P. 0. 
State Centre ; born June 15, 1832, in 
France ; in 1843, came to New York 
City ; then to Chicago ; in 1847, re- 



turned to Now York ; in 1 856, came to 
Minerva Tp.; owns 240 acres of land, 
valued at $25 per acre. Married Mary 
J. Bryant July 4, 1861 ; she was born 
in 1836 in Kentucky ; have three chil- 
dren — Rosa, Robert E. Lee and Sher- 
man. Members of the M. E. Church. 

Wantz, G., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

Wenre, U.,far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Minerva. 

Wohlert, Sec. 36 ; P. 0. State Centre. 

Worceter, D., flir., S. 2 ; P. 0. Minerva. 



BANGOR TOWNSHIP. 



ADAMS, M. H., farmer, Sec. 17 ; P. 
0. Bangor. 
Adams, Wm., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Bangor. 
Albright. F., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Bangor. 
Albright, 0., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Bangor. 
Allen, Zimri, far., S. 28 ; P. O. Albion. 
Arney, Z. R., far., S. 34; P. O. Albion. 

BENTLP:Y, J. J., farmer, S. 3; P. 0. 
Stanford. 

Bunch, B. F., fiir., S. 3 ; P. 0. Liscomb. 

Barton, S., blacksmith, Bangor. 

BENTL,EY% CHARI.es, farmer, 
Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Stanford ; owns 187^ 
acres of laud, valued at $30 per acre ; 
born in Berkshire Co., Mass., in 1819 ; 
came to Iowa in 1853, and settled on 
his present farm. Married Cordelia 
Baker in 1844 ; she was born in Catta- 
raugus Co., N. Y., in 1829 ; they have 
seven children — Mary J. (now Mrs. 
Moore), Peter J. L., Joseph M., George 
E., David W., Rebecca J., Clara L. 
Are members of Methodist Church ; 
Republican. 

Bentley, C, far., S. 3 ; P. O. Stanford. 

Bentley, E. B., for., S. 3 ; P. 0. Stanford. 

BE1VTL.EY, S. T., far., Sec. 3 ; P. 
0. Union, Hardin Co. ; owns 195 acres of 
land, valued at $30 per acre ; born in 
Berkshire Co., Mass., in 1822 ; came to 
Ii (wa in 1 854, and settled on j)resent farm. 
Married E. M. Smith in 1841 ; she was 
born in Berkshire Co, Mass., in 1818 ; 
have one child — Florence, born in 1845 
(now Mrs. Adams ) ; lost two — George 
and Edward. Are members of Metho- 
dist Church. Mr. B. was a member of 
the Board of Supervisors four years. 



and Justice of the Peace six years. 
Republican. 
Bishop, D. G., far., S. 33 ; P. O. Albion. 

CHARTER, P. C, farmer, Sec. 4 ; P. 0. 
J Stanford. 

CAREY, ZEXAS, physician and 
surgeon, Bangor ; born in Highland Co., 
Ohio, in 1833 ; came to Iowa in 1869. 
Married Margaret A. Hunt in 1859; 
she was born in Henry Co., Ind., in 
1836 ; have five children — Elizabeth, 
Ethel, Anna, Minnie and Boy. Are 
members of the Friends' Church : Re- 
publican. 

Carter, W. H., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Bangor. 

Climer, John, shoemaker, Bangor. 

Coate, Jesse, far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Bangor. 

Cook, Ira, far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Bangor. 

Cox, David, far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Stanford. 

Cox, Jesse, far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Stanford. 

DAVIS, ALFRED, farmer. Sec. 7 ; 
P. 0. Bangor. 
Davis, Chas., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Bangor. 
Day, Ed., tar., S. 19 ; P. 0. Banuor. 
Denny. Wm., far., S. 18; P. 0. Bangor. 

EVERIST, B. F. C, farmer. Sec. 31 ; 
V. (). Bangor. 

EVER1^>T, j. C, farmer. Sec. 32 ; 
P. O. Albion ; owns 160 acres of land, 
valued at $30 per acre ; born in Hart- 
ford Co., Md., in 1826; came to Iowa 
in 1856, and settled on his present farm. 
Married Elizabeth A. Perry; she was 
born in England ; have four children — 
William M., Ann L., Bertie E. and Guy 
W. Democrat. 

ESTEP, JACOB, former, Sec. 4; 
P. O. Union ; owns 320 acres of land, 



BANGOR TOWNSHIP. 



645 



valued at $30 per acre ; born in Colum- 
biania Co., Ohio, in 181G; came to 
Iowa in 1853. Married Mary J. Thomp- 
son in 1843 ; she was born in Virginia in 
1823; have two children — James K. 
and William Henry. Are members of 
the M. E. Church. Has held the offices 
of Trustee and Justice of the Peace. 
Republican. 

GADE, CHARLES, miller, Sec. 21 ; 
P. 0. Bangor. 

■GARWOOD, CYRIJS, Sec. 32; 
P. 0. Albion ; owns eighty acres of 
land, valued at $-10 per acre; born in 
Columbiana Co., Ohio, in 1845 ; came to 
Iowa in 1858, and settled on present 
farm with parents. Married Maggie 
Middleton in 1871 ; she was born in 
Greene Co., Ohio, in 1851 ; have two 
children — Charlie and Daisey. Enlisted 
in Co. I, 8th I. V. Cav. in 1863; dis- 
charged in 1865. Republican. 

Gordon, L. B., far.. S. 9 ; P. 0. Stanford. 

GREEN, JOEL, Sec. 17; P. 0. 
Bangor ; owns ninety-eight acres of 
land, valued at $30 per acre; born in 
Clinton Co., Ohio, in 1824; came to 
Iowa in 1859, and settled in Bangor 
Tp. Married Elizabeth Schooley in 
1848; she was born in Virginia in 
1827 ; have four children — MeUssa, 
Albert, Elwood, Willis. Are mem- 
bers of the Friends' Church ; Repub 
lican. 

GREEX, MAHLON, Sec. 8 ; P. 0. 
Bangor; owns 195 acres of land, valued 
at $50 per acre; born in Chnton Co., 
Ohio, in 1828 ; came to Iowa in 1859. 
Married Libbie W. Lundy in 1852 ; 
she was born in Clinton Co., Ohio, in 
1833; have three children — Malvin H., 
Anna R., Levi R. Are members of 
the Friends' Church ; Republican. 

HALL, D. F., far., S. 33; P. 0. Al- 
bion. 

HALL, EDWARD, Sec. 32 ; P. 0. 
Albion; owns 100 acres of land, valued 
at $4,000 ; born in Bergen Co., N. J., 
in 1848 ; came to Iowa in 1864. Mar- 
ried Amelia S. Phelps in 1868 ; she 
was born in Crawford Co., Penn., in 
1847 ; have one child — Henry L., born 
in 1871. Are members of the M. E. 
Church ; Republican. 

Hall, Peter, far., S. 33; P. O. Albion. 

Harrold, I., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Bangor. 



HILL, I. T., proprietor of Stanford 
Nursery, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Stanford ; owns 
eighty acres of land, valued at $30 per 
acre; born in Randolph Co., Ind., in 
1835 ; came to Iowa in 1859, and set- 
tled on present farm. Married Martha 
Lancaster in 1861 ; she was born in 
Jackson Co., Mich., in 1842. Are 
members of the Friends' Church. 

Hockett, I., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Bangor. 

Hodgins, A., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Bangor. 

Hodgson, A., far., S. 19; P. 0. Bangor. 

HOLDER, G. P., Sec. 19 ; P. 0. 
Bangor ; owns 105 acres of land, valued 
at $30 per acre ; born in Lancaster Co., 
Penn., in 1836 ; came to Iowa in 1848, 
and settled on his present farm. In 1865, 
married Margaret Davis ; she was born 
in Henry Co., Ind., in 1839 ; they have 
six children — Rosa Ellen, Elihu F., 
William A., Flora E., Ada M., Lindley 
N. Are members of the Friends' 
Church ; Republican. 

Holiday. W., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Albion. 

HOWARD, J. R., Sec. 17 ; P. 0. 
Bangor ; owns thirty-six acres of land, 
valued at $3,000 ; born in Jeiferson Co., 
Ohio, in 1814 ; came to Iowa in 1853, 
and settled in Johnson Co., and removed 
to Marshall Co. in 1855, and settled in 
Liberty Tp. Married Tabitha Coving- 
ton in 1839 ; she was born in Harrison 
Co., Ohio, in 1818 ; they have six chil- 
dren — Harry J., Henry C, Asa W., 
Edwin, Oliver G. and Hannah, Mrs. 
Howard is a member of the Friends' 
Church. Mr. H. was a member of the 
Board of Supervisors four years ; has 
held the offices of Clerk, Trustee and 
Justice. Republican. 

Humphries, W. B., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Stan- 
ford. 

JACKSON, ABRAM, far., S. 8 ; P. 0. 
Bangor. 

Jackson, J. T., farmer ; P. 0. Bangor. 

JESSIJP, ELAM, Sec. 21 ; P. O. 
Bangor ; owns 530 acres of land, valued 
at $35 per acre ; born in North Caroli- 
na in 1818; came to Iowa in 1850, 
and settled on his present farm 
in 1852: Married Anna Hobson in 
1845 ; she was born in North Carolina 
in 1824, and died in 1859 ; had four 
children — Rachel, deceased ; JuHa A., 
Jessie, deceased ; and John ; married 
again to Anna Larrowe in 1360 ; she 



646 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



was born in North Carolina in 1830 ; 
they have six children — Susanna, Elihu, 
Samuel, Stephen, Isom P. and Mary. 
Are members of the Friends' Church ; 
Republican. 

Jessup, J. M., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Bangor. 

JOHWSOX, C. C, school teacher, 
Bangor; born in Hamilton Co., Ind., in 
1841 ; came to Iowa in 1870, and set- 
tled in Bangor. Married Lydia M. 
Kinzer in 1872 ; she was born in How- 
ard Co., Ind., in 1850 ; they have two 
children — Bertha J. and Mary C. Mr. 
J. is Justice ol' the Peace. Are members 
of the Christian Church. 

KINDLEY, C W., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. 
Bangor. 
KIRK, NATHAN, far., Sec. 18 ; 
P. 0. Bangor ; owns 220 acres of land, 
valued at S-tO per acre ; born in Clin- 
ton Co., Ohio, in 1832, and came to 
Iowa in 186G, and settled on his present 
farm. Married Abigail Whinnery in 
1853 ; she was born in Columbiana 
Co., Ohio, in 1829 ; have four children 
— Willis, Joseph, Edwin, Mahlon. Are 
members of Friends' Church ; Repub- 
lican. 
LOIJNSBERY, N. L.., farmer, 
Sec. 7; P. 0. Bangor ; owns eighty- 
five acres, valued at $40 per acre ; born 
in Trumbull Co., Ohio, in 183G ; came 
to Iowa in 1856. Married Sarah J. 
Kinzer in 1861 ; she was born in Indi- 
ana in 1838 ; have one child by adop- 
tion — Roscoe R.; have lost one — Wil- 
lard J. His wife is a member of the 
Friends' Church ; Republican. 1 

McKINNON, AUGUST, far., S. 29 ; 
P. 0. Bangor. | 

McCKACKEN, WII^LrlAM, 

far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Bangor ; owns eighty 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre ; 
born in Ireland in 1823 ; came to 
America in 1 846, and settled in A^irginia ; 
removed to this county in 1865. Mar- 
ried Lucy Hawthorne in 1860 ; she was 
born in Pennsylvania in 1840 ; have 
four children — John R., William J., 
Mary J. and Anna B. Members of M. 
E. Church ; Democrat. 

McKinnon, L., Sr., far., Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 
Bangor. 

McKinnon, L., Jr., far., Sec. 30 ; P. O. 
Bangor. 

Marshall, C, far., Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Union. 



MASON, A., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Bangor ; 
owns 120 acres of land, valued at S25 
per acre ; born in Darke Co., Ohio, in 
1833 ; came to Iowa in 1863, and set- 
led in Bangor Tp.; removed to his pres- 
ent farm in 1864. Married Margaret 
Hill in 1857 ; she was born in Randolph 
Co., Ind.; have five children — Eva, Ida, 
Ira, Inda, Alva. Are members of the 
Disciple Church. Mr. M. has held the 
oflBce of Justice four years and Con.sta- 
ble three years. Republican. 

MIDDLETON, B. M., far., S. 2!) ; 
p. O. Albion ; owns 200 acres of land, 
valued at $30 per acre ; born in Berke- 
ley Co., Va., in 1825 ; came to Iowa in 
1856, and settled in Marietta Tp.; re- 
moved to his present farm in 1877. 
Married Mary A. Keiter in 1846 ; she 
was born in Hampshire Co., Va., in 
1828 ; have seven children — Amanda 
Martin L., Margaret A., Jennie L., 
Adda I., Ella J. and Frederick K. 
Republican. 

Miller, D., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Bangor. 

MILLER, S. M., farmer. Sec. 30 ; 
P. 0. Bangor ; owns ninety-six acres of 
land, valued at $30 per acre ; born in 
Morgan Co., 111., in 1836 ; came to Iowa 
in 1853, and settled in Bangor Tp. 
Married Elizabeth Hockett in 1862 ; she 
was born in Henry Co., Iowa, in 1841 ; 
have two children — Rose Ella and Delia 
H. Are members of the M. E. Church. 

Miller, W. T., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Bangor. 

Mills, Joseph & Mary, farmers, Sec. 32 ; 
P.O. Albion. 

MILLS, J. W., Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Al- 
bion ; owns 320 acres of land, valued at 
$30 per acre ; born in Coshocton Co., 
Ohio, in 1830 ; came to Iowa in 1857, 
and settled in Marietta ; removed to hia 
present farm in 1864. Married Mary 
F. Everist in 1857 ; she was born in 
Maryland in 1830 ; have seven children 
— E. F., Susie A., Perry, Minnie B., 
James Q., I^dy D. and Emma. Are 
members of the M. E. Church ; Demo- 
crat. 

MOORE, WM. n.. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. 
Stanford ; owns 160 acres of land, valued 
at $40 per acre ; born in Jackson Co., 
Ind., in 1822 ; came to Iowa in 1864, 
and settled on his present farm. Mar- 
ried L. White in 1846 ; she was born in 
North Carolina in 1829 ; have seven. 



BANGOR TOWNSHIP. 



647 



children — Margaret, Thomas J., Eliza 
J., Charles H., Alvira, William and 
Marietta. Are members of the Friends' 
Church ; Republican. 

Moorman, T., far.,S. Ki; P. O. Bansor. 

Moran, J. F., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Bangor. 

PICKERING, WILLIAM R., far., S. 
17 ; P. 0. Bangor. 
PERRY, WM., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Ban- 
gor ; owns 160 acres of land, valued at 
$35 per acre ; born in England in 1812 ; 
came to America in 1855 ; settled 
on present farm in 1865. Married 
Mary Southern in 1844 ; she was born 
in England in 1821 ; have seven children 
— Peter, Elizabeth, Jane, Ellen, Charlie, 
Luna and Minnie. 

RATCLIFF, ISAAC, far., S. 21 ; P. 
0. Bangor. 

RUDDICK, ABSII.LETT, Sec 
33 ; P. 0. Albion ; owns 200 acres, val- 
ued at $S0 per acre ; born in Bartholo- 
mew Co., Ind., in 1824 ; came to Iowa 
in 1856, and settled on present farm. 
Married to Wm. C Ruddick in 1843 ; 
he was born in Jackson Co., Ind., in 
1821, and died in 1871 ; have three 
children — William P., Isaac and Jessie 
Francis. Are members of the Friends' 
Church. 

Russell, C, far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Bangor. 

Ryon, D., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Albion. 

S' PAKE, H., far., S. 5; P. 0. Stan- 
ford. 

Spurcjeon, J., for., S. 20 ; P. 0. Bangor. 

STAXFIELD, S. V., Sec. 9^; P. 
0. Bangor ; owns 145 acres of land, val- 
ued at $30 per acre ; born in Greene 
Co., Tenn., in 1820, and came to Iowa 
in 1858, and settled in Linn Co. ; re- 
moved to his present farm in 1868. He 
married Sarah Baldwin in 1843 ; she 
was born in Wayne Co., Ind., in 1824 ; 
have seven children — Levi, Isaac, 
Henry, Eunice, Elizabeth, Thomas, 
Victor and Grant. Are members of the 
U. B. Church ; Republican. 

Stone, C. W., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Liscomb, 

TADLOCK, T., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Ban- 
gor. 
Tally, R. C, far., S. 15; P. 0. Liscomb. 
TETER, GEORGE, Postmaster 
and dealer in general merchandise, Ban- 
gor ; born in Ross Co., Ohio, in 1845 ; 



came to Iowa in 1874, and engaged in 
his present business. Married Mary A. 
Passwatcr, in 1869; she was born in 
Hamilton Co., Ind., in 1850 ; have three 
childnm — E. Thomas, Lora and Carrie. 
Are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. 
T. enlisted in Company B, 136th Indi- 
ana V. I., in 1864, and was discharged 
in 1864. Republican. 

Thompson, J., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Lis- 
comb. 

TURXER, THOMAS B., Sec. 
19; P. O. Bangor; owns 120 acres of 
land, valued at $30 per acre ; born in 
Rensselaer Co., N. Y., in 1829 ; came 
to Iowa in 1864, and settled on his pres- 
ent farm. Married Mary Rinehart in 
1864; she was born in Virginia in 
1839; have three children — Myrtie, 
Samuel and Bertie. Enlisted in Com- 
pany F, 84th Illinois V. I., in 1862, 
and was discharged in 1863. Is a Dem- 

WEATHERLY, D. E., far., S. 15 ; 
P. 0. Liscomb. 

Weaver, J. & J., fars.. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Lis- 
comb. 

Whinery, A., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Stanford. 

Whinery, Ezra, far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Bangor. 

Whinery, S., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Albion. 

Whitaker, A.W., far.. S. 28 ; P.O. Bangor. 

Whitaker, J. E., far.; P. 0. Albion. 

White, G. B., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Stanford. 

WILIilTS, J. e. v., dealer in 
drugs and medicines, Bangor ; born in 
Howard Co., Ind., in 1852; came to 
Iowa in 1855, and settled with parents 
in Bangor Tp.; engaged in his present 
business in 1877. Republican. 

WiUits, L., druggist, Bangor. 

Wilson, Dan., far., S.22; P. 0. Liscomb. 

Wilson, H. G., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Bangor. 

WOOTOX, ISOM P., Sec 7 ; P. 
0. Bangor; owns 134 acres of land, 
valued $30 per acre ; born in Preble 
Co., Ohio, in 1836 ; came to Iowa in 
1855, and settled in Bangor ; removed 
to his present farm in 1866. Married 
Margery Kinzer in 1860 ; she was 
born in Hendricks Co., Ind., in 1835 ; 
have two children, by adoption — Waldo 
E. and Mary H. Mr. Wooton is a 
minister in the Society of Friends ; Re- 
publican. 



648 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



TAYLOR TOWNSHIP. 



A KEN, G.W., farmer. 

Al.LEX, GEORGE W., farmer, 
Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in 
Tuscarawas Co., Ohio, in 184:-4; his 
father, George Allen, was born in Penn- 
sylvania ; was taken to Ohio when quite 
young. He married Eleanor Taylor, a 
native of Virginia ; she now resides in 
this township ; the father died in Seneca 
Cii.. Ohio, where the family resided a 
short time previous to their coming to 
this county, which they did in 1855, 
thus being amongst the first to settle in 
this township. Mr. G. W. A., the sub- 
ject of this sketch, married Rachel 
E. Hubbard in thi.s county in 1874 ; she 
was born in Champaign Co., 111., in the 
year of 1 853 ; they have two children 
living — Horace, born in this township in 
1876, and Rolla, born in the year 1877 ; 
lost one child — Frederick. Mr. Allen 
owns 130 acres of land. Is Republican 
in politics. 

Andrews, J., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Andrews, W., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Axtell, M. M., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

BEESON, W. B., farmer, Sec. 14 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown. 
BARNES, M. E., farmer. Sec. 35 ; 
P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in Sangamon 
Co., 111., in 1838 ; when a child, he 
moved with his parents to Lee Co., 111.; 
here he remained until the breaking-out 
of the rebellion. He then enlisted in Co. 
D, 34th 111. V. I.; served four years, 
and was honorably discharged July 17, 
1865 ; he was in many severe engage- 
ments, among them being the battles of 
Shiloh, Corinth, Battle Creek, Louis- 
ville, Perryville, Chickamauga, Mission 
Ridge, Lookout Mountain, siege of 
Knoxville ; served as veteran ; returned 
home on thirty days' furlough, at the 
end of which time he returned and 
joined his regiment, and went through 
the Atlanta campaign and siege of that 
place and the battles of Savannah, Ben- 
tonvilleand Raleigh; previous to being in 
the latter named battles, he was in the 



battle of Jonesboro. The war being over 
and peace restored, he returned to his 
home in Lee Co., 111., and married Miss 
Lucy Bixby Aug. 10, 1865; she was 
born in Steuben Co., N. Y., June 6, 
1843 ; they have had five children — 
Wallace H.,born April 28, 1866 ; Alice 
May, born July 8, 1868, died May 2, 
1870; Herbert S., born Dec. 25, 1869, 
died March 25, 1870; George G., born 
Sept. 27, 1871 ; Robert R., born Sept. 
24, 1875. Mr. Barnes is a stanch Re- 
publican. Has held various local oflices. 
Owns 240 acres of land. He and family 
are members of the M. E. Church. He 
had one brother in the army, Henry ; 
he enlisted in Co. D, 34th 111. V. I.; he 
died in the service during the Atlanta 
campaign, and sleeps in Southern soil. 

BEE BE, HENRY, farmer and 
stock raiser. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town ; born in Addison Co., Vt., Aug. 
15, 1823; in 1851, hearing the glowing 
reports of the gold fields of California, 
he crossed the plains to that land of 
gold ; his success being indifiierent, he 
remained only about one year. He mar- 
ried Miss Adeline Curtis in Addison Co., 
Vt.; she was born in New Hampshire ; 
they settled in Clinton Co., this State, 
in 1853, being amongst the first to set- 

' tie in that county ; at that time the 
ground on which the city of Clinton is • 
now located was a cornfield ; they have 
three children — George Henry (married 
Miss L. Reed ; they reside in Marshall- 
town), Fred W. and Edwin J. Mr. 
Beebe owns 160 acres of land; he also 
owns city property in Marshalltown to 
the value of $5,000. He and family 
are members of the Congregational 
Church ; he is a stanch Republican, 
and has always been opposed to slavery. 
Previous to moving to this county, they 
lived in Cedar Rapids eight years ; they 
moved to this county from Cedar Rapids 
in 1875 ; lived in Marshalltown one 
year ; then moved on his present farm, 
which is nicely located and finely im- 
proved. 

BellefiuUe, P., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town) 

Brown, C, far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 



TAYLOR TOWNSHIP. 



649 



Brown, D., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

Brown, J. W., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

Brown, John, far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Brown. L., for., S. 12 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

Bowen, S.,far., S. 36; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

Brown, T., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

CARNAHAN, DAVID, far., S. 1 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown. 
Catlitt, T., lab., Marshalltown. 

DAY, JA3IES A., far., S 12; P. 0. 
Marshalltown. 
DEKT, THORXTON, farmer. Sec. 

2 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; Mr. Dent was 
born in this township Dec. 11, 1856. 
He married Miss Mary Ellsbury in this 
township Dec. 13, 1877 ; she was born 
in Rock Island Co., 111., Dec. 30, 1858. 
They own fifty-six acres of land. Thorn- 
ton Dent's father, Robert Dent, was a 
native of England ; he was brought to 
this country by his parents when he was 

3 years of age ; he came to this county 
in 1855, and married Miss M. J. Hub- 
bard ; she was a native of Ohio. During 
the war of the rebellion, he enlisted in 
an Iowa regiment, and defended the flag 
of his country in many severe engage- 
ments ; he was killed in battle at Milli- 
ken's Bend, and sleeps in a soldier's 
grave, one of the many that gave up 
their lives freely that the Union might 
be preserved. Mr. T. Dent is an earnest 
Republican, in the fullest sense of the 
word. 

ICKSON, JOHX, former and 
stock raiser. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Albion ; was 
born in Greene Co., Penn., in 1819. 
He married Miss Catherine Ann Boy- 
den in his native county ; she was also a 
native of Greene Co. ; they moved to 
this county in 1856 ; they have nine 
children — Minerva Ann (she married 
W. R. Brush ; they reside in Marshall- 
town ), Mary Elizabeth (she married N. 
Z. Cozens ; they reside in Colorado), 
Martha C. fshe married T. J. Cornell ; 
they live on Sec. 27, this township), 
Vernissa Jane ( she married H. A. Ernes ; 
they reside on Sec. 27, this township), 
James Henderson, William H. (he mar- 
ried Miss Ella Troughman ; he is a mer- 
chant in Albion), John Westley, Hattie 
F. F. I. I. E. A. A. and Melzar Monro. 
Mr. Dickson and family are members of 



the Presbyterian Church ; politically, 
Mr. Dickson has been a Republican 
since the organization of that party. He 
is one of the pioneers of Iowa, and has 
grown with the growth of the State, as 
the improvements on his farm bear tes- 
timony of; in the door-yard stands a 
cotton-wood tree that ho set out the first 
year he came here ; at present writing it 
measures 9 ft. 2' in. in circumference. 

DILLER, SAMUEL. B., farmer. 
Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Albion ; born in Cum- 
berland Co., Penn., Nov. 5, 1819. Mar- 
ried Miss Elizabeth Kritzer in Clear- 
field Co., Penn., in 1851 ; she was born 
in Clinton Co., Penn., in 1833; they 
moved to this county in 1857 ; lived in 
Albion one year, and then moved on their 
present farm ; they have two children 
living — Alfred C. (he married Miss 
Marietta Lane ; they reside in Liscomb 
Tp. ) ; Mary M. ; lost two — George M. 
and John S. Mr. Diller and family are 
members of the M. E. Church. He 
owns 120 acres of land, and is a Repub- 
lican in politics. 

Draper, N. P., far. ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

Durocher, 0., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 
EAMES, H. A., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Al- 
bion. 

Eckles, C, far., S. 1 ; P. O. Marshall- 
town. 

EHLE, A. D,, farm and dairy, Sec. 
3 ; P. O. Marshalltown ; was born in 
Montgomery Co., N. Y., April 14, 
1839." Married Miss Martha Fox in 
Schoharie Co., N. Y., Oct 24, 1866 ; 
they have one child^Harry, born in 
Schoharie Co. Sept. 14, 1868; they 
moved to Marshalltown, this county, in 
the Fall of 1871, remaining there one 
year, at the end of which time, they 
moved on their present farm ; they own 
120 acres of land. In politics, Mr. Ehle 
is a Republican ; religiously, he is inde- 
pendent. His father, Daniel Ehle, was 
a native of New York, and served under 
Gen. Jackson in our war with England 
in 1812. He married Miss M. M. 
Cornue. Mrs. Elile's father, Charles F. 
Fox, was also a native of New York, 
and married Miss Catherine Wagner. 
Her father, P. P. Wagner, also served 
in the war of 1812. The family have 
in their possession a cane taken from 



650 



DIRBCTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY; 



Commodore Perry's flag ship, Lawrence, 
which was sunk in the naval conflict 
on Lake Erie ; it was finally raised in 
1875, and the family obtained possess- 
ion of the cane, and keep it as a relic of 
the second whipping we gave England. 

Ellsbury, J., far. ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

Ernst, S. K.,far., S. 2; P.O. Marshall-town. 

ERNST, WILLIAM, farmer. Sec. 
11; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in Perry 
Co., Penn., Oct. 28, 1831 ; when he 
wa» 2 years of age, his parents 
moved to Trumbull Co., Ohio, taking 
William with them ; here he remained 
until Sept., 1851, when he went to Ken- 
dall Co., Ill, where he met and married 
Miss Sarah Cooney Sept. 20, 1854 ; she 
was borti in Seneca Co., N. Y., March 
16, 1832; they have three children — 
Daniel Calvin, born in Kendall Co., 111., 
Oct. 9, 1857 ; Lee Grant, born in Ken- 
dall Co., 111., Jan. 18, 1864, and George 
William, born in this county Oct. 25, 
1866. Mr. Ernst moved on his present 
farm in Feb., 1865 ; he purchased it in 
Dec, 1864; owns 330 acres of land. 

Esstelle, A., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

EWRY, JOHX W., farmer; P. 0. 
Marshalltown; born in Tippecanoe Co., 
Ind., in 1844 ; he resided at home in 
that county until 1855 ; he then moved 
to this county with his parents. Married 
Miss Lucretia V. Allen in Marshalltown 
in 1867 ; she was born in Tuscarawas 
Co., Ohio, June 24, 1847; they have 
three children — Lillian, Georgiana and 
Millicent, all of whom were born in this 
county ; lost two children — Lewis, died 
aged 2 years and 6 days ; one child died 
in infancy not named. Mr. Ewry has 
principally engaged in farming. He is a 
Republican in politics. 

Ewry, S., for., S. 15 ; P. O. Marshalltown. 

FOGG, AI>NA, farmer, Sec. 26; 
P. 0. Marshalltown; born in Salem 
Co., N. J., June 15, 1828; when he 
was 1 year old, he moved with his 
parents to Columbiana Co., Ohio, where 
he married Miss Elizabeth Andrews 
Aug. 29, 1850; she was born in Colum- 
biana Co., Ohio, March 27, 1834; 
shortly after they were married they 
moved to Jefferson Co., this State, re- 
maining until 1856, when they moved to 
this county ; they have three child'-en — 



Edward B., born in Columbiana Co. r 
Marianna, born in Columbiana Co. ; she 
married E. T. Maulsby ; they reside in 
Vienna Tp., this county; Martha Ellen, 
born in Jefferson Co., this State. Mr. 
Fogg owns 130 acres of land. He and 
the family are members of the Friends' 
Society, in which society he has been 
Overseer a number of years. Politically, 
Mr. Fogg is a Republican, and was 
always an enemy to human slavery 
FOSTER, JOHN J., farmer and 
dealer in pure-bred Poland-China swine. 
Sec. 3; P. 0. Marshalltown; he always 
has a large stock of first-class pigs for 
sale and ready to ship ; also yearling 
sows and gelts, all well formed, pure 
bred, and are models of this unequaled 
breed of swine ; these pigs have been 
bred with great care, and can be relied 
on as healthy, vigorous and profitable ; 
he has a large stock to select from, and 
parties wishing the Poland-China stock 
jmre should call on him, or send for 
prices ; orders re<|uiring him to select 
for purchasers living at a distance will be 
filled in their turn, but he much prefers 
that purchasers should call and examine 
for themselves ; he has devoted a good 
deal of time and attention to the improve- 
ment of this stock ; wp have no doubt 
but that this excellent breed of swine 
will be appreciated, as they possess every 
qualification that can insure popularity, 
and can challenge comparison with any 
other breed whatever for all the valuable 
points which make swine desirable or 
profitable ; they can be had at i-eason- 
able figures. Mr. Foster was born in 
Knox Co., 111., Dec. 25, 1849, where he 
married Miss Rachel Bell March 28, 
1874; she was born iu Madison Co., 
Ohio ; they moved to this county in 
1876; have four children — Lora, Harry, 
Philander and Jessie. Mr. Foster is 
Republican iu politics ; religiously, he 
is independent. Owns eighty-four acres 
of land. His father, William E. Foster, 
was born near Trenton, N. J., in 1818 ; 
he went to Knox Co., 111., when quite 
young. He married Miss S. Arnold iu 
Knox Co. ; she was born in New York ; 
they live in Knox Co., 111., where they 
own 240 acres of land, and are passing 
the declining years of their life in ease 
and comfort. 



TAYLOR TOWNSHIP. 



651 



GARD, ISAAC, far., Sec. 16; P. 0. 
Marshfilltown. 

Oillespie, J., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

^liAZE, J. W., farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown ; born in Brown Co., 
Ohio, in 1819; in 1852, he moved to 
Macon Co., where he remained about 
thirteen years, when he moved to this 
county. He married Miss Cathrine 
Reed in Brown Co., Ohio; she was 
born in 1825 ; they have four children liv- 
ing — Mary (she married Frank Owens), 
Alexander (he married Eliza Gibson), 
John C, Sarah (she married Frank 
Wilson ; he enlisted in an Illinois regi- 
ment, and died in the service at St. 

• Louis, Mo.) Mr. Glaze owns 118 acres 
of land. Is Republican in politics ; he 
and his family are members of the M. 
E. Church. 

Gengrich, E., far., S. 24; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

HARDEN, MARK, far., S. 16; P. 
0. Marshalltown. 

Harrison, Hubbard, far., S. 10 ; P. 0. 
Marshalltown. 

Havens, A., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Harvey, Brice, far., S. 16; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

HAVENS, DANIEL, farmer, S. 
27 ; P. 0. Albion ; born in Delaware 
Co. May 2, 1832, where he married 
Miss Jane Cowgill in 1856 ; they moved 
to this county in 1860 ; they have two 
children — Jennie, born in this county, 
and Albert, also born in this county. 
Mr. Havens owns 119 acres of land. 
He and family are members of the M. 
E. Church ; in politics he is a Repub- 
lican, and faithful to his convictions of 
right. He is an earnest and industrious 
man, a good citizen and worthy friend 
and neighbor. 

Harvey, H., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Harvey, S., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Holcomb, A., far., 3. 12 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

HOIililNC^SWORTH, S., far., 
Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Marshalltown; born in 
Union Co., Ind., on the 31st of Janu- 
uary, 1830; when he was about 6 
years of age, his parents moved to 



Boone Co., Ind., where our subject mar- 
ried Miss Elizabeth Hixon in 1852 ; 
she was a native of Ohio ; they moved 
to this county in 1862 ; they have three 
children — Milton E., born Sept. 26, 
1853; he mamed Miss Mary J. Pang- 
burn Oct. 10, 1877 ; she was born in 
this county May 10, 1857 ; Sylvester 
J., born in Boone Co., Ind., Sept. 22, 
1856 ; he is Republican in politics ; 
Samantha, born in Boone Co., Ind., 
July 20, 1858. Mr. Hollingsworth 
owns 86 1 acres of land. Is Republican 
in politics, and himself and family are 
members of Orthodox Church. 

Horner, M. E., lab., Marshalltdwn. 

HUBBARD, THORNTON, 
farmer and stock raiser; Sec. 10; P. 0. 
Marshalltown ; born in Madison Co., 
Ohio, in 1815, where he married Miss 
Rachel Helphenstine in 1836 ; she was 
born in Madison Co., in 1813; the same 
year they were married they moved to 
Hardin Co., where they lived seven 
years ; they then moved to Pickaway Co., 
Ohio, remaining about nine years, when 
they moved to Champaign Co., 111., re- 
maining two years ; moved from there 
to this county in 1854 ; they have five 
children living — Elizabeth (married J. 
H. Ham), Melinda J. (married Robert 
Dent, who was killed in the army ; her 
present husband is John Havens), Har- 
rison (married Miss Haven), Taylor 
(married Miss M. Butts), Rachel E. 
(married G. W. Allen). Mr. Hubbard 
owns 392 acres of land. Republican ; 
he and his family are members of the 
Christian Church. He has held various 
local ofl&ces ; by a life of industry and 
attention to his business, he has accu- 
mulated a liberal property that places 
him among the well-to-do men of the 
West. 

Hunsche, Fred., far., Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

KAYS, JOHN, far., Sec. 16 ; P. 0. 
Marshalltown. 

Keeler, Anson, far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Keeler, Geo., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 
LANE, L. C, farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. 
Marshalltown. 

Lane, M. A., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 



652 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



Lane, 0. N., far., Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
tow u. 
LANE, R. H., farmer, S. 12 ; P. 0. 

Marshalltown ; owns 86 acres of land ; 
he is a native of Trumbull Co., Ohio ; born 
in 1 832 ; came to this county in 1 853. 
He married Miss Harriett Nelson in 
this county ; she was born in Mich- 
igan, on the 28th of Oct., 1833 ; the 
names of their children who are living 
are Ata Mabel (married to J. W. Brown), 
N. Grant, Harriet E., Fred Earl, 
Daniel Alonzo ; lost three children — 
John Henry, Mary Louisa, Isaac 
Augustus. Mr. Lane is Republican in 
politics, and holds faithful allegiance to 
that organization ; the records show 
he has held various local offices ; he is 
generous, reasonable, prompt and relia- 
ble in all his business relations. May 
abundant prosperity crown his years 
with peace. 

Lehman, A. S., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

Long, I. N., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

LOUCKN, GEORGE L., fai , S. 
20 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; was born in 
this township on the 12th of March, 
1856. He married Miss Bell Rice in 
this county on the 27th of December, 
1877 ; she was born in New York on 
the 27th of March, 1856. They are 
members of the Congregational Church; 
politically, Mr. Loucks is a Republican. 
His father, A. Loucks, was a native of 
New York ; he married Miss Jane 
Collier ; they came to this county in 
1844 or 1845, thus becoming one of the 
pioneer families of Marshall Co. 

Lloyd, John, far., 8. 34 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Lloyd, Joshua, far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

McCLEERY, JOSEPH, far., S. 10 ; 
P. 0. Marshalltown. 

McLellan, N., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Albion. 

McMeekin, John, far., S. 3; P.O. Albion. 

Maulsby, B., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Maulsby, T., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Malmsberry, I., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

MESSENGER, E. N., farmer, S. 
12; P.O. Marshalltown; owns 302^ 



acres of land ; was born in Portage Co.,^ 
Ohio, on the 28th of Sept., 1821. He 
married Miss Marrietta Holcomb in 
Portage Co., on the 19th of May, 1846; 
she was born in the aforesaid county 
the 19th of Oct., 1826 ; they moved to 
to this county and settled on their 
present farm in 1855, thus becoming 
one of the pioneer families in this 
county ; they have two children — Almira 
E., born in Portage Co., Ohio ; she 
married John B. Clossen in this town- 
ship on Dec. 30, 1870 ; he was born in 
Hanover, Germany, April 30, 1846 ; 
came with his father to Lee Co., 111., in 
1850 ; he remaitaed in Lee Co., 111., till 
Jan., 1864. He then enlisted in Co. D, 
34th 111. V. I. ; he served until the close 
of the war, and was honorably discharged 
July 15, 1865 ; he was in many severe 
engagements, among them being the 
battles of Buzzard Roost, Resaca, Rome, 
Peach Tree, and all through to Atlanta. 
They live on See. 30, Vienna Tp. In 
politics, Mr. Clossen is a firm Repub- 
lican. Second child was W. W. Mes- 
senger ; he married Miss Drusilla 
Brown ; they reside in this township. 
Mr. E. N. Messinger is Republican in 
politics. He came to this county with 
scarcely anything, and he has by his 
own industry accumulated a large 
property. 

Mills, W. D., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

MODLIN, GEORGE, farmer. Sec. 
34 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in Henry 
Co., Ind., July 27, 1839; when he was 
10 years of age, his parents moved to 
Blackford Co., Ind., where they re- 
mained until 1856 ; they then moved to 
this State, and settled in Grundy Co., 
where the subject of this sketch re- 
mained until 1862, when he went to 
Story Co., where he married Miss Mar- 
tha Pearson Jan. 5, 1862 ; she was born 
in Henry Co., Ind., Jan. 3, 1844 ; they 
remained in Story Co. about two years,, 
when they moved to Grundy Co., re- 
maining there until 1866, when they 
moved to this county ; they have five 
children — Miss R. R., born in Grundy 
Feb. 12, 1866; Leonard, born in this 
county Jan. 29, 1869 ; Laban, born in 
this county in 1871 ; Luther, born Sept. 
29, 1873 ; Mary, born in this county 



TAYLOR TOWNSHIP. 



65S 



April 14, 1876. Mr. Modlin owns 
eighty acres of land. In politics, he is 
Republican ; religiously, he is Liberal, 
believing in the greatest good for all. 
His father, Mark Modlin, was a native 
of Wayne Co., Ind. ; he married Miss 
Mary Radcliffe ; they reside in Grundy 
Co., this State, and are one of the pio- 
neer families of that county. Mrs. Geo. 
Modlin's father, J. Pearson, was also a 
native of Indiana ; he married Miss 
Mary Lamb ; she at present resides in 
this county ; he died in this county Sept. 
2, 1868 ; they were one of the pioneer 
families of this State, coming to it in 
1851, and having to endure all the pri- 
vations and hardships that early settlers 
- must undergo in a new and unsettled 
country. 

Moffatt, J., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Albion. 

MOXTOOMERY, JOHX, 

REV., Sec. 3; P.O. Marshalltown ; 
born in Mercer Co., Ohio, Feb. 25, 
1825 ; attended school at Ellsworth, 
Ohio, and Allegheny College, at Mead- 
ville, Penn. ; when he attained his ma- 
jority, he was licensed Methodist Epis- 
copal minister. He married Miss S. M. 
Price in Mercer Co., Ohio, in 1850 ; 
they moved to Jackson Co., this State, 
in 1854, in which county he labored in 
a ministerial capacity until 1855 ; he 
then was ordained ; moved to Davenport 
and had pastoral charge of Methodist 
Episcopal Church at that place one year, 
at the end of which time he moved to 
Marion, Linn Co., where he had pastoral 
charge two years ; thence to Albion, this 
county, where he was Pastor until 1860 ; 
after this time he labored successively 
and continuously in Webster City, Ham- 
ilton Co., Pleasant Hill Church, Jackson 
Co., and Andrew, which was the county 
seat ot Jackson at that time ; in 1866, 
he moved on to his farm, which is 
located on Sec. 3, this township ; since 
he moved here, he has had charge of 
the church at this place two years. In 
looking over the records, we find that 
Mr. Montgomery has held various local 
offices ; he is one of the present Board of 
Township Trustees. Since his boyhood, 
his life has been one earnest and per- 
sistent effort; he deals honorably and 
walks uprightly — the most that can be 
said of aay mortal. 



Montgomery, J. H., far.. S. 36; P.O. Albion. 

Montgomery, W., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Albion. 

Moon, G. W., far. ; P. 0. Marshalltowu. 

Moon, J. L., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

MOORK, YVIIil.IAM, iarmer. Sec. 
36 ; P. 0. Marshalltowu ; born in Frank- 
lin Co., Penn., in 1817; in 1847, he 
moved to Carroll Co., 111., where he en- 
gaged in blacksmithing, which trade he 
followed several years ; he moved from 
Carroll Co. to this county. He has been 
married three times ; his present wife 
was Malviua Evans. He owns 165 
acres of land in this county, and 200 
in Carroll Co., 111. Religiously and 
politically, he is independent. He 
began blacksmithing when he was 18 
years of age, with scarcely anything ; he 
has by his own exertion and industry 
acquired sufficient to insure comfort the 
balance of his life. 

RANDALL, ADALIE, far., S. 25 ; 
P. 0. Marshalltowu. 

Reed J., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Marshalltowu. 

REED, WIIiEIAM, farmer, Sec. 
36 ; P. 0. Marshalltowu ; born in Brown 
Co., Ohio, in 1823, where he remained 
until 1846; he then moved to Knox 
Co., 111., remaining there until 1854, 
when he moved to this county, thus be- 
coming one of the pioneer settlers of 
Marshall Co. He married Miss A. 
Pangburne, in Brown Co., Ohio, in 
1844 ; she was born in Brown Co., Dec. 
13, 1823 ; they have four children — 
John, born in Brown Co., Ohio, Nov. 
10, 1845 ; W. S., born in Knox Co., 111., 
March 10, 1847 ; he married Miss Alice 
Brown; he was in the 44th I. V. I. dur- 
the war of the rebellion ; Nelson, born 
in Knox Co. 111., Feb. 22, 1852, he mar- 
ried Miss A. Stephens; H. W., born in 
this county, July 30, 1859. Mr. Reed 
owns 170 acres of land. Is a stanch 
Republican, and himself and family are 
members of the M. E. Church, in which 
he is a Class Leader. He is always will- 
ing to assist in every enterprise in his 
community, and is faithful to his convic- 
tions of right. 

ROBIXSOIV, A. A., farmer, Sec. 
25 ; P. 0. Marshalltowu ; born in Wind- 
ham Co., Conn., June 1, 1843; in the 
Spring of 1861 , he went to Hartford, re- 
maining there until the Spring of 1865. 



654 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



He then went to Lee Co., 111., where he 
married Miss Mary Jane Colton Jan. 1, 
18t!7 ; she ^tas born in Hartford Co., 
Conn.; they have three children — How- 
ard A., Minnie M. and Benjamin F. 
They moved to this county on their 
present farm in 187U. Mr. Robinson and 
family are members of the Congregational 
Church ; he is a Republican in politics. 
The township records show that he has 
held various local oflSces ; he was elected 
Assessor in the Fall of 1875, of which 
office he has been the incumbent since. 
He owns 160 acres of land. He takes 
an active interest in working for the suc- 
cess of whatever he believes to be right. 
"Success and long life be his reward." 

STEWARD, A., far., Sec. 1 ; P. 0. 
Marshalltown. 
SAXTEE, E. M., farmer. Sec. 26 ; 
P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in Luzerne 
Co., Penn., in 1838. Went to Lee Co., 
111., in 1860, where he married Miss 
Mary Evans in 1866 ; she was born in 
Columbia Co., Penn.; they moved to 
this county in 1868. During the war 
of the rebellion, Mr. Santee enlisted in 
Co. F, 1st 111. Light Artillery ; served 
until the close of the war and was hon- 
orably discharged. He is a Republican 
in politics ; he and his wife are mem- 
bers of the M. E. Church. They own 
160 acres of land. There were three 
of Mr. Santee's brothers in the army — 
William, who was Surgeon in a Penn- 
sylvania r«giment ; Willard, whi» served 
in a New York regiment, and Joseph 
who served in a Pennsylvania cavalry 
regiment ; Mrs. Santee had one brother 
in the army ( Mark M. Evans) ; he 
served in an Illinois regiment and was 
promoted through the different grades 
to that of Captaih. 



STEWARD, W. H., farmer and 
stook raiser, Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town ; he is a native of Trumbull Co., 
Ohio ; born in 1829 ; came to this county 
in 1855 ; owns 516 acres of land in this 
township, and a considerable number in 
Grundy Co., this State. In politics he 
is a stanch Republican, and is faithful 
to his principles, and is closely identified 
with the interests of the county, and the 
records show that he has served his 
township in various local offices ; in 

1872, he was elected a member of the 
County Board of Supervisors, and in 

1873, was elected President of said 
board, of which office he is still the in- 
cumbent. He is social in his nature, be- 
nevolent and scrupulously conscientious 
in what he knows to be right. He mar- 
ried Miss Elizabeth Gr. Evans, in George 
Co., Ohio, of which county she was a 
native ; she was born in 1833 ; they 
have had seven children — Mary, Martha, 
Alfred S., Frankie, died at the age of 
12 years ; Myra, Gracie, William, and 
Evans ; they were all born in this 
county. 

Summers, E. A., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

SUMMERS, G. F., teacher, S. 35 ; 
born in Whiteside Co., 111., in 1850; 
came to Iowa in 1860, and settled in 
Tama Co.; moved to this county in 1861. 
Republican. 

WASHINGTON, GEORGE, far., S. 
16; P. 0. Marshalltown. 
Webber, J. M., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 
Wetherby, E. C, far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 
Wilson, E. L., far.. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 




MARION TOWNSHIP. 



655 



MARION TOWNSHIP. 



ACKP]RLY, GEORGE, farmer; P. 
O. Marshalltown. 
Adauison, A., far.; P. 0. Marshalltown. 
Adamson, Jas., far.; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

BATY, JAMES, farmer, Sec. 8; P. 
0. Marshalltown. 

Belmore, Joseph, far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Green 
Mountain. 

Bishop, Cyrus, far., S. 15; P. 0. Green 
Mountain. 

BOVEJE, MARK, farmer, Sec. 15; 
P. 0. Green Mountain ; born in Cale- 
donia Co., Vt., April 10, 1836, where 
he remained until 1854; he then went 
to California, and followed mining on 
the North Fork of the xVmerican River ; 
he also mined on the Feather River ; 
remained in California until the Summer 
of 1857 ; then returned to Caledonia 
Co., Vt., in which place he married Miss 
Jane Ann Varnum Jan. 23, 1862 ; she 
also was a native of Caledonia Co., Vt.; 
she was born May 18, 1837 ; they 
moved to this county in 1865 ; they 
have six children — George M., Phina 
E., Luella Jane, Flora Ette, Thaddeus 
F. and Mary S. Mr. Bovee owns 175 
acres of land. Is Republican in politics ; 
is one of the present Board of Town- 
ship Trustees. Himself and wife are 
members of the Congregational Church. 

BOVEE, MOSES C, ftumer, Sec. 
V 11 ; P. 0. Green Mountain; born in 
/\ Caledonia Co., Vt., Aug. 23, 1831, 
where he remained until 1851. when, 
hearing the glowing reports of the dis- 
coveiy of gold on the Pacific Coast, he 
determined to brave all the dangers and 
endure all the hardships that were inci- 
dental to a gold-seeker's life ; he arrived 
in California and followed mining on the 
North Branch of the American River, 
and at a place called Washington Flats, 
with fair success ; he remained in Cali- 
fornia until 1854; he then returned to 
his native place, remaining until April, 
1855, when he came to this State, and 
after traveling over the Southern portion 
of it, located in this county. He mar- 
ried Miss Eliza A. Ferguson, in this 
county, April 26, 1861 ; she was born 
in Decatur Co., Ind., Nov. 28, 1838; 
they have six children living — Frank 



L., Helen Elizabeth, Mary Adda, Kattie 
D., Jo.sephine and Charles. Mr. Bovee 
owns 320 acres of land, and is Repub- 
lican in politics. 

Bovee, C. J., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Green 
Mountain. 

Bowler, Alex., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

Bower, Webster, far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Mar- 
phalltown. 

Bowles, A., far., S. 20; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

BRADBrRY, J. R., farmer. Sec. 
14 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in York- 
shire, England, May 9, 1850 ; at the 
age of 4 years, his parents came to Knox 
Co., 111., where they remained about 
five years ; they then moved to this 
county, our subject remaining with 
them. He married Miss Mary Brock 
in this township Dec. 20, 1873 ; she 
was born in Caledonia Co., Vt. ; they 
have one child — Roy, born in this town- 
ship. Mr. Biadbury is a Republican in 
politics. He owns 120 acres of land 
His father, R. Bradbury, was a native 
of Yorkshire, England. He married 
Miss Ann Shaw. He died shortly after 
coming to this county. 

Brock, A. H., far., S. 15; P. 0. Green 
Mountain. 

Brown, H., for., S. 5 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

BROCK, JOEL, JR., farmer, S 
26 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in Cale- 
donia Co., Vt., Nov. 22, 1836 ; in the 
Spring of 1856, he went to Stark Co., 
111., where he remained until the Fall of 
the same year ; he then came to this 
county. Married Miss Hannah Reed in 
this county ; she was born in Ohio ; 
they have five children — Walton, Hen- 
ry, Clara, Frederick and Arthur. Mr. 
Brock owns lOl acres of land. He 
is a Republican in politics ; in religion, 
he is independent. He has been Con- 
stable ten years, and is a member of the 
present Board of Township Trustees ; 
he has also held various local ofiices. 

BROCK, JOEL, SR., farmer. Sec. 
15; P. O. Green Mountain; born in 
Caledonia Co., Vt., in 1807, where 1^ 
remained until 1851; he then wenr t,. 



656 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



California and followed ruining on the 
north f(irk of the American River until 
1853, whon he returned to Caledonia 
Co., Vt. ; came West, and settled in 
this ct)unty in the Fall of the same year. 
He has been married twice ; first wife 
was Jcanette Harvey ; they were mar- 
ried in Caledonia Co., Vt., April 15, 
1835 ; she was born Jan. 31, 1818, and 
died June 1, 1858; second wife was 
Mary Whitelaw ; they were married in 
Iowa City, this State, in March, 1859 ; 
she was born in 1805, and died July 10, 
1876. He has four children living — 
James K., Henrietta ( now Mrs. Wm. 
Wallace), Charles F., and Nettie (now 
Mrs. M. Conover). Mr. Brock owns 
139 acres of land, and is a Republican 
in politics. He has held several local 
offices. 

Brock, J. K., far. ; P. 0. Green Moun- 
tain. 
CHASE, H. L., minister First Cong. 
Church, Green Mountain. 

CHRYSTAL., GEORGE, farmer, 
Sec. 15; P. 0. Green Mountain; born 
in Scotland in 1832; came to this 
country in 1850 ; lived in Wisconsin 
fifteen years, and then went to Missouri, 
remaining there four years, at the end of 
which time he came to this county. 
He married Miss Margaret Voss in Wis- 
consin ; she was born in Canada ; they 
have two children — Barbara Belle and 
Wallace Bruce. Mr. Chrystal owns 123 
acres of land. He keeps pure-bred Po- 
land-China hogs for sale. He is Inde- 
pendent in politics. 

Clemens, A., Sr., far. ; P. Marshall- 
town. 

Clemmens, A., far. ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Clemmens, A., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Clemnu-ns, J., far. ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

COAXES, FRAKCIS, farmer, Sec. 
8 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in Dur- 
ham Co., Eng.,in 1819 ; he came to this 
ciiuntry in July, 1844, from which time 
until 1847,he worked in iron works, prin- 
cipally in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, 
Penn. ; in 1847, he returned to his na- 
tive land and worked in the ironworks 
there and in Scotland until 1848, when 
he again came to this country and en- 
tered the iron works at Pittsburgh, Penn., 



thence to Newcastle in Lawrence Co., 
Penn., where he remained four years • 
in 1854, he came West and traveled 
over a large portion of this State in 
search of a location ; being satisfied 
with the natural advantages of this por- 
tion of the country, entered a portion 
of the farm that he now resides on in 
September of that year ; he then re- 
turned to Pennsylvania, remaining until 
the year of 1856 ; he then moved to 
this township and began improving 
his land, which was then a wild prairie ; 
he has kept pace with the growth of 
the country in improvements and by his 
energy has made himself a competence ; 
he owns one-half section of land. He 
married Miss Mary R. Irwin in En- 
gland, in 1844 ; she was born in Durham 
Co., Eng., in 1820 ; they have had 
seven children — George, born April 29, 
1848; Robert, April 16, 1850; Adda, 
July 6, 1852 ; Elizabeth, Dec. 17, 1854; 
Joseph, April 15, 1858 ; Francis, Jan. 
25, 1859 ; Mary, April 7, 1863, died 
Dec. 26, 1866. Politically, Mr. Coats 
is a RepubUcan. He has held various 
local offices, and at present writing he 
holds the office of Secretary of School 
Board and Township Trustee ; his 
father, Wm. Coats, was a native of Dur- 
ham Co., Eng. He married Miss M. 
Piggford. Mrs. Coats' father, George 
Irwin, was also a native of. Durham 
Co.; became to this county in 1856; 
his wife, Mrs. Irwin, died previous to 
that ; he died in this county on April 
7, 1866, aged 73 years. 

Cooper, A. J., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Crum, J., grocer, S. 34 ; P. 0. Le Grand. 

DAY, SPENCER, farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown. 
DAXN, E., farmer. Sec. 2; P. 0. 
Green Mountain ; born in Kent Co., 
Eng., Feb. 25, 1826; came to this 
country in 1840 ; remained six years in 
Genesee Co., N. Y,, when he left there 
to seek a home in the Northwest. He 
settled in Rock Co., Wis., where he 
married Miss Caroline Ashton April 6, 

1850 ; she was born in Cayuga Co., N. 
Y., March 21, 1831; they moved to 
this county in 1859 ; they have eleven 
children — Rosa E., born .April 26, 

1851 ; Emmaroy C., born Aug. 12, 



MARION TOWNSHIP. 



t)57 



1852, died Fe 7, 1869; Grove A., 
born Sept. 13, 185-4; Ernest H., born 
March 31, 1856; Frank A., Feb. 28, 
1858; Flora A., March 11, 1860; Ida 
May, Oct. 29, 1861 ; James Gr., Sept. 
28, 1864; Spafford T., March 27, 
1867 ; Charles G., Feb. 7, 1869; Ed- 
win R. J., Dec. 30, 1871. Politically, 
Mr. Dann has always acted with the 
Republican party. He owns 130 acres 
of land. He is Superintendent of Agri- 
cultural Products in the Marshall Co. 
Agricultural Society which position he 
has occupied for two years previous to 
this. He has seen the hardships and 
trials attendant on a pioneer life in the 
Northwest, and now lives in the full en- 
joyment of a well-spent and successful 
'life. 

Deeter, S., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

DeWitt, Victor, farmer, Sec. 29; P. 0. 
Marshalltown. 

DIEHL, JOHX, far., S. 17 ; P. 0. 
Marshalltown ; born in Adams Co., 
Penn., in 1857. He married Miss Sarah 
E. King, in his native county, in 1852 ; 
she was born in Indiana in 1833; they 
moved to this county in 1 855 ; they 
have six children living — Ellen W., Eu- 
gene W., Millard F., George L., Lincoln 
J. and Edith May. Mr. Diehl owns 
200 acres of land. Politically he is a 
Republican ; holds the oflBce of School 
Treasurer at present writing. By a life 
of industry Mr. Diehl has placed him- 
self among the well-to-do men of Mar- 
shall Co. 

I>OWWS, T. F., farmer, Sec. 22; P. 
0. Marshalltown ; born in Racine Co., 
Wis., April 22, 1843; came to this 
county about 1860. Married Electa 
Wallin in this county ; they have four 
children — Willis, Willard, Mattie and 
Beulah. Mr. Downs owns eighty acres 
of land ; it is nicely located and well im- 
proved. 

Drary, S. W., far.; P. 0. Quarry. 

Drury, Rees, far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 
ELLWANGER, CHARLES, far., S. 
4 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

Ellwanger, David, far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

Englebright, H., far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Le 
Grand. 

Ertel, D., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 



IHERGUSON, CARVER, far., Sec. 25 ; 
' P. 0. Le Grand. 

FERUUSOX, XIMROD, tanner, 
Sec. 25 ; P. O. Le Grand ; born in 
Highland Co., 0. ; when he was about 
4 years of age, his parents moved to 
Tippecanoe Co., Ind., where the subject 
of this sketch remained until 1853 ; he 
then came to this county. Married Miss 
Jane E. Laughlin in Tama Co., this 
State, in 1859; she was born in Rich- 
land Co., Ohio; they have three chil- 
dren living — Mary E., David N. and 
Martha Anna. Mr. Ferguson owns 851 
acres of land in this county, and 445 
acres in Tama Co., this State. 

Friesner, David, far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

QLEASON, GEORGE, farmer, Sec. 
36 ; P. O. Le Grand. 

Grist, George, far., Sec. 20; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

HAUSAFUS, WILLIAM, far., Sec. 
28 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

Harding, Henry, far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

Hart, J., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

HOI^T, R. D., farmer, Sec. 10 ; P. 0. 
Green Mountain ; born in Orange Co., 
Vt., April 2, 1849; when he was about 
4 years of age, his parents moved to this 
county, bringing him with them. Maiden 
name of his wife was Miss Sarah White ; 
they were married in this county Jan. 
17, 1876 ; she was born in Oneida Co., 
N. Y.; they have one child — Emory C, 
born in the county. Mr. Holt owns 
eighty acres of land ; is Republican in 
politics. His father, Wm. S. Holt, was 
a native of Vermont ; he married Miss 
Margaret Nelson ; they moved to this 
county in 1854, thus being among the 
first who settled in Marshall Co. 

HOPKIXS, JOHN C, farmer, 
Sec. 16 ; P. O. Green Mountain ; born 
in Brown Co., Ohio, Feb. 25, 1818, 
where he remained until 1835, when he 
moved to Putnam Co., 111., remaining 
until 1855, when became to this county. 
He married Miss Sarah Richie, in La 
Salle Co., 111., in 1845 ; she was born in 
Muskingum Co., Ohio, in 1825 ; they 
have eight children living — George 
Henry, William Otis, Arethusa E., Na- 
thaniel R., Sarah J., Margaret S., Fred- 
erick W. and Eunice 0. Mr. Hopkins 



658 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



has held the office of Township Trustee 
two terms ; he h:vs also been a member 
of the Board of Supervisors. He owns 
eighty acres of land. 

KAPLE, RAY. carpenter, Sec. 16; 
P. O. Green Mountain. 
Kelly, J. W., far.. S. 36 ; P. O. Le Grand. 

LAHYM, JAMES, farmer. Sec. 17 ; 
P. 0. Marshalltown. 
LAIRD, A. J., farmer, Sec. 15 ; P. 

0. Green Mountain ; born in Caledonia 
Co., Vt., Nov. 25, 1828, where he re- 
mained until 18-19; he then went to 
California and engaged in the mercantile 
business on the North Fork of the 
American lliver ; he also had an inter- 
est in mines ; he followed mining and 
merchandising on American and Feather 
Rivers until the Fall of 1852, when he 
returned to his native county, and en- 
gaged in mercantile business there. He 
married Miss Elizabeth J. Wallace Jan. 

1, 1855 ; she was born in Caledonia Co., 
Yt., Aug. 23, 1836; in 1856, they 
moved to Greene Co., Wis., remaining 
until 1859 ; thence to Janesville, Wis. 
where they remained until 1856; they 
then moved to this county, where t!\ey 
have made it their home since ; they 
have two children — Estella May, 
born in Greene Co., Wis., and George 
D., born in Janesville, Wis. Him- 
self and wife are members of the 
Congregational Church. He owns eighty- 
six acres of land. He is Secretary of the 
Marshall Co. Farmers' Mutual Insurance 
Co., and is also Secretary of the School 
Board and has held the offices of Town- 
ship Clerk five years and Assessor two 
years. While in California, he was ap- 
pointed a member of the first Board of 
Electors in Placer Co., that State. Mr. 
Laird always takes an active part in re- 
ligious and educational matters, and 
working for the success of whatever is 
right. 

Laird, R. Brace, far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Green 
Mountain. 

LYNCH, T. J., fiinner, SI ; P. 0. 
(ireen Mountain ; born in Waslungton 
Co., Md., June 3, 1818. Married Miss 
N. McCoy, in his native county, Sept. 
22 1844; she was also a native of 
Washintiton Co., Md.; she was born 
March 28, 1848 ; they remained in 
Washington Co. until 1855; they then 



went to Illinois and settled in Ogle Co., 
where they remained until March, 1865, 
when they moved to this State and set- 
tled on their present farm ; they have 
eight children living — Joseph A. (mar- 
ried Miss S. M. Holland ; they reside on 
Sec. 2, this township), Susan E. (mar- 
ried Wm. Shipton ; they reside on Sec. 
11, this township), Georgiana (married 
L. L. Bachus ; they reside in Grundy 
Co., this State), Charles R., John W., 
Thomas J., Laura A. and Mary T. Mr. 
LynL-h owns 492 acres of land, which is 
well improved. He is one of the pres- 
ent School Directors, which office he 
has held a number of years. 

MARQUIS, ABNER, farmer. Sec. 
28 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

MILLS, LOT, farmer, Sec. 20 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown ; born in St. Joseph 
Co., Ind., in 1842 ; in 1854, he moved 
with his parents to this county. In 
1861, he enlisted in Co. B, 8th Iowa 
V. I.; served two years and was honor- 
ably discharged ; he then re-enlisted in 
Co. B, 44th I. V. I.; served one hundred 
days, and was again honorably dis- 
charged. Married Miss Elizabeth 
Bowles, in this county, Nov. 10, 1865 ; 

they have four children Celes- 

tine, Ellen, Margaret and Lucinda. 
Himself and wife are members of the 
Christian Church ; he is Republican in 
pf)litics. 

Moon, John M., far. S. 19 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

Moore, Jacob N., farmer, Sec. 33; P.O. 
Marshalltown. 

Moor, Wm., for., S. 7 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Murry, E., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Quarry. 

Murray, John, far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Quarry. 

Murray, V., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Quarry. " 

NEIVES, JOHN W., far., Sec. 14 ; 
P. O. Marshalltown. 

Nicholson, J. B.. Marshalltown. 

NICHOLSOX, J. !>., farmer, Sec. 
21 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in Ross 
Co., Ohio, Ajiril 25. 1810 ; in 1822, he 
moved with his parents to Montgomery 
Co., Ind., remaining in that county un- 
til 1840 ; he then moved to Cedar Co.. 
this State, thus becoming one of the pi- 
oneer settlers of that county ; in 1852, 
he moved from Cedar to this county and 
settled on his present farm. He married 



MARION TOWNSHIP. 



659 



Miss E. Ketchum Sept. 5, 1838; ,she 
was born in Shelby Co., Ky., May 10, 
181-1 ; they have had seven children — 
Joel L., born in Montuomery Co., Ind., in 
1835. Married Miss E. J. Shively in this 
county, March 22, 1860 ; she was born 
in Darke Co., Ohio, on the 25th of 
March, 1842; Martha Ann, born in 
Indiana, Nov. 21, 1838; she married 
Edward Thorpe ; J. B., born in Cedar 
Co., this State ; he married Miss Ellen 
Hillery ; Joseph K., born in Cedar Co., 
Aprir8, 1843 ; he died Oct. 22, 1874; 
his wife was Miss Sarah Curtis ; Nancy 
D., born in Cedar Co., April 3, 1845; 
she married F. Gustafson ; Mary, born 
in'Cedar Co., Nov. 15, 1847; she mar- 
ried Rev. L. Hillery ; Elizabeth R., born 
in Cedar Co., March 9, 1850 ; she mar- 
ried Philip Summons. Mr. Nicholson 
and family are members of the German 
Baptist Church. Politically, he is a 
Republican. Owns 200 acres of land. 
He was the first Justice of the Peace 
elected in this township, which ofiice he 
was the occupant of six years ; he also 
was one of the first organizers of school 
in this vicinity, and was elected a mem- 
ber of the first School Board ; he has 
always done his full share in devising 
means to insure the educational interests 
of this school. 
Nicholson, J. L., for., S. 21 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

ORR, DAVID, far., S. 34 ; P. O. Le 
Grand. 
Orr, John, far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Le Grand. 

PARSONS, D. M., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. 
Marshalltown. 

PARSONS, ANDREW, far , S. 

23; P.O. Marshalltown ; born in Montgom- 
ery Co., Ohio, Nov. 4, 1837 ; when he was 
2years old, his parents moved to Jay Co., 
Ind , remaining four years, thence to 
Darke Co., Ohio, from there to Cedar Co., 
this State, in 1847, in which county our 
subject married Miss M. Neiger ; she 
was born in Switzerland ; they moved to 
this county in 1859; they have seven 
children living — Magdalene, Aldus, Del- 
ford, Harriet, Alverda, Bertha May and 
Baldwin. Mr. Parsons is a stanch Re- 
publican ; he is the Justice of the Peace 
in this township at present writing, of 
which ofiice he has been the incumbent 
for seven years ; he has also held the 



oftices of Township Trustee three years 
School Director fourteen years. Owns 
204^ acres of land. Himself and fami- 
ly are members of the Congregational 
Church. 

Partridge, C, far., S. 16; P. 0. Green 
Mountain. 

Pearsons, W., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Pegg, G. R., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

POWERS, EPHRAOI, farmer, 
Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Green Mountain; born 
in Orange Co., Vt., May 9, 1828, where 
he remained until Dec, 1854 ; they came 
to this county, remaining here three 
years ; he then returned to Orange Co., 
Vt. While there he man-ied Miss 
Jeanette E. Whitehill; they were 
married in Orleans Co., Jan. 4, 
1854 ; she was born in Caledonia Co., 
Vt., July 19, 1832 ; they moved to 
this county in 1860; they have three 
children living — Carra J. E., born in 
Vermont, July 19, 1859 ; Mabel, born 
July 31, 1867 ; Prescott A., born Jan. 
23, 1874. Mr. Powers owns eighty-six 
acres of land. In politics, he is a Re- 
publican, being always opposed to slav- 
ery ; he and his family are members of 
the Congregational Church. He had 
two brothers in the army — Joshua and 
Charles ; Joshua was in a New Hamp- 
shire regiment ; he died while in the ser- 
vice ; Charles was in a Vermont regi- 
ment, and served until the close of the 
war and was honorably discharged. Mrs. 
Powers also had two brothers int he war 
of the rebellion — Mo.ses and Matthew 
Whitehill ; Moses was killed in battle ; 
Matthew served until the war was over, 
was honorable discharged, and now re- 
sides in Vermont. 

Powell, S. H., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 
QUIN, J. W., farmer, Sec. 18 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown ; born in Phila- 
delphia, Penn., in 1811 ; when he was 
4 years of age, his parents moved to 
Delaware Co. In 1838, our subject 
being married, he moved to Ohio, and 
remained in the Buckeye State until 
1853; he then moved to this county 
and located on the f\irm he now resides 
on ; he has been twice married. His first 
.wife was Miss Catharine Shaneman ; 



660 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



they were married in 183-4; she was 
born io Chester, Penn., March 7, 1813 ; 
she died in Miami Co., Ohio, Jan. 3, 
1850 ; they had four chiKlren — Benja- 
main, born Dec. 29, 1837 ; Alon, Dec. 
23, 1839, died in infancy ; Susanna, 
May 2, 1842. Present wife was Miss 
EUzabeth Wallon ; they were niarried in 
this county Oct. 22, 185-4; she was 
born in New Jersey Oct. 3, 1 827 ; when 
she was 5 years of age she moved with 
her parents to Lacon Co., Ohio, and 
from there to this county in 1853 ; have 
six children — Angeline, born March ti, 
1857, died Aug. 16, 1859 ; Emiline, 
(twin to Angeline), March G, 1857, died 
May 5, the same year ; Marv Jane, Sept. 
2, 1859; JamesM., Oct. 21,1861, died 
Feb. 20, 18G4 ; Elizabeth M., March 11, 
1865; Minnie A., March 20, 1867, died 
May 24, 1869. Mr. Quin owns 164i 
acres of land. He and family are mem- 
bers of the German Baptist Church. He 
is a Republican in politics ; has held 
various local oflBces, though he has never 
been an aspirant for political honors. 

RAUCK, R. D., farmer. Sec. 12 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown. 

REED, JAMES, farmer. Sec. 26 ; 
P. 0. Quarry ; born in Wiishington Co., 
Penn., April 16, 1828. When he was 
a child his parents moved to Muskingum 
Co., Ohio, in which county our subject 
remained until 19 years of age; 
he then went to Illinois, remaining a 
short time ; came to Van Buren Co., this 
State, in 1848, thence to this county in 
1853 ; in 1869, he engaged in the mer- 
cantile business in Fairfii'ld, Jefferson 
Co., this State ; continued in business 
until 1874 ; has held various local offices : 
he owns 177 acres of land. In politics is 
a Republican. He married Miss R. 
Bowles in this county April 26, 1855 ; 
she was a native of North Carolina ; they 
have five children — John W., Jennie 
E., Anna Belle ( who married A. A.Tol- 
land), Samuel T. and Tlitha May. 

Reynolds, James, farmer. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. 
Green Mountain. 

Rice, Benjamin, far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Green 
Mountain. 

Rice, Edward, far., S. 10; P.O. Green 
Mountain. 

Riddlebarger, D., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Green 
Mountain. 



Richie, J., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

ROBERTS, JOHN H., farmer, 
Sec. 1 ; P. O. Green Mountain ; born in 
Caledonia Co., Vt., Dec. 25, 1843, 
where he remained until 1861, when he 
went to California ; he followed mining 
in Nevada Co., California, one year ; at 
the end of that time he went to San 
Francisco, remaining about six months, 
at the end of which time he returned to 
Nevada Co., remaining only a short time, 
when he went to Virginia City, where 
he remained until 1865 ; he then re- 
turned to his native State, remaining 
until 1866> when he went to Syracuse, 
N. Y., and entered the Commercial Col- 
lege at that place ; he came to this county 
in 1867. Married Miss Sarah F. 
Powers in Grinnell, Poweshiek Co., this 
State, Sept. 28, 1870 ; she was born in 
Orange Co., Vt., Jan. 23, 1840. Mr. Rob- 
erts owns 165 acres of land. In politics, 
he is a Republican. He and his wife are 
members of the Congregational Church, 
of which church he is Treasurer at pres- 
ent writing. 

Roberts, L., f\ir., S. 16; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

ROOSE, HIRAM, farmer. Sec. 
16; P. 0. Green Mountain; born in 
Columbiana Co., Ohio, Nov. 12, 1834 ; 
when he was 1 year of age, his parents 
moved to Stark Co., where our subject 
remained until 1SG5, when he moved to 
Christian Co., 111., where he remained 
nine years ; he then moved to this 
county. He married Miss Hannah 
Hamble in Mahoning Co., Ohio ; she 
was born in Columbiana Co. ; they have 
four children — Preston S., Viola May, 
William H. and Harry H. Mr Roose 
is a Repulilican in politics. He owns 
127 acres of land in this place, and 
ninety-six acres in Christian Co., 111. 

SHIPTON, WILLIAM, farmer, Sec. 
11; P. 0. Marshalltown. 
SAY^LOR, LEVI, farmer. Sec. 34; 
P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in Cumber- 
land Co., Penn., July 21, 1825, where 
he remained until 1836, when he moved 
with his parents to Miami Co., Ohio, re- 
maining until the Fall of 1858 ; he 
then moved to this county. He has been 
twice married ; his first wife was Miss 
Sarah Hill ; they were married in Mi- 
ami Co., Ohio, in 1846 ; she died June 



MARION TOWNSHIP. 



661 



1, 1849; present wife was Elizabeth 
Stevens ; they were married in Miami 
Co., Ohio, March 11, 1853; she was 
also a native of ]Miami Co., Ohio ; born 
Feb. 7, 1830; had one child by first 
marriage — John H. ; by present mar- 
riage, seven children — Mary, Sarah (now 
Mrs. F. Brethbill), Susan (now Mrs. H. 
Walther), Ellen, Chas. F., Martha 
Jane and William Lincoln. Mr. Saylor 
owns 153 acres of land. He is a Re- 
publican in politics. Was elected mem- 
ber of County Board of Supervisors, one 
terra, was Justice of the Peace five 
years, and is a member of the present 
Board of School Directors. 

iSMITH, .1. W., farmer. Sec. 27 ; P. 
O. Quarry ; born in Tennessee ; lived 
in the State of Mississippi from his fifth 
year, until 1862. He then entered the 
Union Army and served in the 93d 111. 
V. I., for two years, and in the 10th I. 
V. I., one year ; he was in many severe 
battles, the principal ones being Lookout 
Mountain, AUatoona Pass, Savannah and 
Columbus. At the close of the war he 
came to Story Co,, this State, remaining 
until 1870 ; he then came to this 
■county. He married Miss Laura 
Hughes in Poweshiek Co., this State, in 
1873 ; she was born in this county ; 
they have two childi'en — Ada Mabel 
and Maude May. Mr. Smith is Re- 
publican in politics. 

SMITH, PL.ATT A., tarmer. Sec. 
3; P. O. Green Mountain ; born in 
Delaware Co., N. Y., April 29, 1829 ; 
when he was 8 years of age, he 
moved with his parents to Dutchess Co., 
N. Y. ; when he was 13 years of age, 
he was admitted to Amenia Seminary, 
Dutchess Co., N. Y., where he pursued 
his studies for three years ; in 184.5, he 
went to Onondaga Co., N. Y., where he 
married Miss Louisa P. Carpenter June 
13, 1848 ; she was a native of Ononda- 
ga Co.; in 1851, they moved to St. 
Joseph Co., Mich., where they remained 
until 1855, when they moved to this 
county ; they have five children — Em- 
ma E., who married Chas. Blodgett ; 
they reside in Marshalltown ; Sarah L., 
Richmond ^\., Wallace P. and Anna. 
During the war of the rebellion, Mr. 
Smith enlisted in Co. B, 2d L V. C, 
vn the 1st of Aug. 1861 ; wag honor- 



ably discharged on the 3d of Oct.; 1864. 
He has held various local and township 
offices, and holds the office of Assessor 
at present writing ; lie has also been the 
Assessor three terms previous to this, 
and has been Township School Treasurer 
six years. He owns 198 acres of land. 
Politically, he acts with the Republican 
party. Generous by nature and practice, 
he has always encouraged and liberally 
aided every scheme that had sufficient 
merit to claim his consideration. 

Snow, A., far., Sec. 19 ; P. O. Marshall- 
town. 

SOMERS, J. S., farmer and proprie- 
tor of the Green Mountain Cheese Fac- 
tory, Sec. 4 (Factory on Sec. 9) ; P. 0. 
Green Mountain ; born June 17, 1826, 
in Caledonia Co., Vt., where he remained 
until 1851, when he determined to seek 
his fortune in the far-famed Eldorado of 
the Pacific Coast ; arriving in Placer 
Co., Cal., he followed mining on the 
North Fork of the American River, suc- 
cessfully for two years, at the end of 
which time, he returned to his home in 
Vermont. He married Miss Mary L. 
Wallace ; she was also a native of Cale- 
donia Co., Vt.; she was born Jan. 3, 
1831. Moved to this county in March, 
1864. Have four children living — 
Herbert W. (he attends Grinnell College, 
this State ), Alice M.. Pearl E. and Flor- 
ence Belle. In early life, Mr. Somers 
received a liberal education and taught 
school several Winter terms in his native 
county. He has been a Republican since 
the organization of that party. Has held 
various local offices ; is Secretary of the 
School Board at the present writing. 
He owns 513 acres of land ; is proprie- 
tor of the Green Mountain Cheese Fac- 
tory ; he makes only the best cream 
cheese, and keeps a stock constantly on 
hand ; orders from parties desiring 
Green Mountain Cheese will be prompt- 
ly attended to ; correspondence solicited. 
Mr. Somers had two bi'others in the 
army — B. G. and David Somers ; both 
served with distinction in Vermont regi- 
ments ; David died from disease con- 
tracted in the service. Mrs. Wallace 
had three brothers in the war of the 
rebellion — William, R. B. and John 
Wallace ; William and John served in 
Iowa regiments and R. B. served in a 



662 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY ; 



Colorado regiment ; all were honorably 
discharged. 

Stapley, Wm, far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Stewart, David, far., S. 21 ; P. Mar- 
shalltown. 

Stewart, Robert, retired minister. Sec. 9 ; 
P. 0. Green Mountain. 

TERRIL, JOHN R., farmer, Sec. 13; 
P. 0. Marshalltown. 

THOMAS, JOHX, farmor, Sec. 7 ; 
P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in Wales, 

, Nov. 12, 1819 ; came to this country in 
Dec, 184-1 ; lived in New York until 
April, 1 842, when he went to New Jer- 
sey ; thence to Pennsylvania, where he 
remained until 187<», when he moved to 
Stephenson Co., III.; moved from there 
to this county in Sept., 1864. Married 
Miss Lydia Hartman ; they have seven 
children living — William H., Jacob H., 
Elizabeth Ann (now Mrs. Chas. Dunn), 
John E., Charles W.. Mary L. and Ella 
Lorennie. Mr. Thomas is Republican 
in politics ; has held various local oflSces ; 
himself and wife are members of the 
Evangelical Association. He owns 420 
acres of land in this county and ninety- 
two acres in Grundy Co., this State, and 
is extensively engaged in stock raising. 

WHEELER, FRANK M.. farmer, 
Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

WALL.IX, PEARSOX, farmer. 
Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in 
Sussex Co., N. J., in 181C; Dec. 2, 
1831, he moved with his parents to 
Licking Co., Ohio, remaining until 1853, 
when they removed to this county. Mr. 
Wallin has been married three times ; 
his first wife was Miss S. Hepswater ; 
second wife was Eliza Jane Price ; his 
present wife was Martha E. Lackey ; 
they were married in Fraiikliu Co., Ohio, 
in 1850 ; she was a native of Cumber- 
land Co., Penn. Mr. Wallin owns 222 
acres of land. His father, Isaiah Wal- 
lin, was a native of New Jersey ; he 
married Charity Pearson ; they moved 
to this county in 1853; he died Jan. 
8, 1863, aged 75 years 7 months and 
28 days ; she died Oct. 24, 1864, aged 
69 years 9 months and 1 day. 

"Not lost blest, thought but gone before, 
Where friends shall meet to part no more." 

WAL,L,ACK, R. B., farmer, Sec. 3 ; 
P, 0. Green Mountain ; born in Cale- 



donia Co., A^t., Dec. 26, 1841 ; he re- 
mained in his native county until he was 
in his 20th year ; he then went to Col- 
orado and followed mining with fair suc- 
cess, until the breaking-out of the war of 
the rebellion. Being fired with the mar- 
tial spirit, he enlisted in Co. K, 1st Col- 
orado Cavalry ; served four yeais and 
I nineteen days ; was honorably discharged 
Oct. 26, 1865. The war ended and our 
Union saved from dissolution, he re- 
turned to Black Hawk, Col., remaining 
until December, 1868, when he returned 
to the home of his childhood and re- 
mained a little over three years. 
In 1871, hearing the glowing re- 
ports of the discovery of gold in 
the Black Hills, he determined to 
try his fortune in them ; his suc- 
cess in the Hills was inditterent. He 
came to this county in 1877 ; owns 137 
acres of land. Is a stanch Republican. 
He entered the service as private ; was 
promoted Sergeant in 1864. 
WALLACE, WILLIAM, farm 
er. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Green Mountain ; born 
in Caledonia Co., Vt., Feb. 16, 1833 ; 
came to this county in 1855. Married 
Miss Henrietta Brock in this county 
Dec. 25, 1856 ; she was also a native of 
Caledonia Co., Vt. ; she was born July 
5, 1838; they have three children — 
Chester P., born April 19, 1858 ; Lewis 
H., born July 21, 1865; Edwin G., 
born July 18, 1870. During the war 
of the rebellion, Mr. Wallace enlisted in 
Co. B, 2d Iowa V. C, as private ; was 
promoted Corporal ; served three years, 
and was honorably discharged ; he par- 
ticipated in many severe engagements ; 
was severely wounded in the battle of 
Cold Water, Miss. Politically, Mr. 
Wallace is a stanch Republican. He 
owns 260 acres of land. His oldest son, 
Chester P., married Miss Cjra Laird in 
this county May 16, 1878 ; she was born 
in Caledonia Co., Vt. Mrs. Wm. Wal- 
lace's father, Joel Brock, one of the pio- 
neer settlers of this county, was born in 
Caledonia Co., Vt., in 1807 ; he moved 
to this county in 1853 ; he has been 
married twice ; his first wife was Miss 
J. Harvey ; they were married April 15, 
1835; she was born Jan. 31, 1818, died 
in this county June 1, 1858 ; his second 
wife was Mary Whitelaw ; they were 



MARION TOWNSHIP. 



66a 



married in Iowa City in 1859 ; she was 
born in 1805, died July 10, 1876 ; Mr. 
Brock still resides in this township, and 
is one of the few pioneers of 1853 now 
remaining. 

WEITZELIi, JACOB, black- 
smith, Sec. IG ; P. O. Green Mountain ; 
was born in Lancaster Co., Penn., in 
1821 ; at the age of 17, he engaged to 
learn the blacksmith trade ; he worked 
at his trade in Columbiana Co., Ohio, in 
1844-5-6 ; in 1847, went to Pittsburgh 
and helped manufacture wagons for the 
use of the Government in the Mexican 
war ; in December, 1847, returned to 
Col.umbiana Co., Ohio ; remained there 
until 1854, then moved to this county, 
thus becoming one of the pioneer settlers 
of the State of Iowa; he settled in Le 
Grand and engaged in blacksmithing ; 
his was the first blacksmith shop in that 
place ; he remained in Le Grand about 
three years, at the end of which time, he 
sold his shop and moved on a farm ; he 
followed firming until the breaking out 
of the war. He then enlisted in Co. B, 
11th Iowa V. I. ; served three years and 
seventeen days ; was honorably dis- 
charged Oct. 17, 1864; he was in the 
battles of Pittsburg Landing, Corinth, 
luka, siege of Vicksburg. and several 
other engagements. After being dis- 
charged, he returned to this county, re- 
maining until 1866, when he moved to 
Mahaska Co., remaining there two or 
three years ; thence to Keokuk Co., 
where he lived until 1869 ; he then re- 
turned to this county, and has made it 
his home since. He married Miss E. Har- 
rison in Columbiana Co., Ohio, April 4, 
1849; she was born March 3, 1820, 
died Sept. 21, 1869 ; there are four 
children living — Mary C, Alfred R,., 
Phcebe H. and Isaac H. 

WHITE, WILLIAM L., farmer, 
S. 10; P. 0. Green Mountain; born in 
Oswego Co., N. Y., in 1838 ; when he 
was 5 years of age, his parents moved 



to Oneida Co., N. Y., where our subject 
remained until he was 15 years of age ; 
he then went to Otsego Co., remaining 
about three years, at the end of which 
time he went to Minnesota, remaining 
till 1859, when he went to Kansas, 
where he remained until 1860, when he 
determined to seek his fortune in the 
famed land of gold ; he followed mining 
in Eldorado Co., Cal., until 1861 ; he 
then enlisted in Co. K, 2d Regt. Cal. 
Cav.; served three years ; was in several 
engagements ; alter his term of service 
expired, he was honorably discharged ; 
he returned to California, remaining till 
the Spring of 1866, when he came to 
this county. He married Mrs. Holt ; 
her maiden name was Adelia C. Alden ; 
she was born in Warren Co., 111. Mr. 
White owns eighty acres of land. Polit- 
cally, he is a Republican. 

Wilkinson, Lepribette, far., S. 16 ; P. 0. 
Marshalltown. 

Williams, Daniel, far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

WISE, JACOB, far., S. 11 ; P. 0. 
Marrhalltown ; born in Baden, Germany, 
in 1831 ; came to this country in 1853 ; 
remained in Broomfield, N. J., one 
year, then went to St. Louis, Mo., re- 
maining about four months ; thence to 
Kendall Co., 111., where he married 
Miss Annie Coleman in 1858 ; she was 
a native of Hesse, Germany ; she was 
born in 1838 ; they moved to this 
county in 1865 ; they have eight 
children — Henry, Mary E. John 
P., Emma, Anna, Florence Bis- 
mark and George. Mr. Wise owns 
120 acres of land. Politically, he is a 
Republican ; is independent in religion. 

Wollin, James, far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

Wollin, Joseph, far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

YETLEG, GEORGE, far., S. 10 ; P. 
0. Green Mountain. 

Yetleg, John, far.; P. 0. Marshalltown. 



664 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



IOWA TOWNSHIP. 



A LLEN, CYRUS, carpenter Albion. 

A]ttEY, A., farmer, Sec 25 ; P. O. 
Albion ; born in Indiana in 1836; came 
to this county in 1848 ; owns 285 
acres of land. He married Miss Almira 
Musier in 1854 ; she was born in North 
Carolina ; has eleven children — Sorralina, 
Mary E., Jacob, Elvin, Sarah A., Orril- 
la, Rosetta, Nancy, Annie Clara and 
Leonard. 

Arney, I. R., farmer, Albion. 

ARXEY, JOH]^, farmer, Sec. 25 ; 
P. 0. Albion ; born in Indiana in 1828 ; 
came to this county Oct. 21, 1851 ; owns 
240 acres of land. He married Miss 
Huldah A. Hauser in 1849 ; she was 
born in Owen Co., Ind.;hassix children 
— Geor<i;e W., Parmelia C, Albert L., 
Eliza E., Viola E. and EflS.e M.; lost one 
son — Thomas L. 

Arney. S., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Albion. 

ARNEY, W., farmer. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. 
Albion ; born in Indiana in 1831 ; came 
to this county in Oct., 1850; owns 313 
acres of land. Has held the office of 
School Director. He married Miss Eliz- 
abeth Boyles in 1849; she was born in 
Indiana ; has .seven cbildren^Naucy A., 
Hannah P., p]liza A., Elkanah B., El- 
mer S., Julietta and Willie W.; lost one 
daughter — Sarah J. 

Augustine, A. P.. farmer ; P. O. Albion. 

Augustine, J. H., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Al- 
bion. 

Anderson, farmer. Sec. 33. 

BALLARD, C. C, far., S. 26 ; P. 0. 
Albion. 

BAI^I^ARD, PHIL.IP, farmer, S 
26 ; P. 0. Albion ; born in Warren Co., 
Ky., in 1802 ; he removed to Indiana 
in 1813, and to Illinois in 1829, and to 
this county in 1848, having first visited 
the county in 1 846 ; he owns 243 acres 
of land. Has held the office of Town- 
.ship Trustee. He married Miss Eliza- 
beth Parks Feb. 2, 1822 ; she was born 
in Clark Co., Ind., and died June 16, 
1852 ; had six children — Lurenia, Har- 
riet, Nancy, Charles, Milton and Jas- 
per ; lost three Sylvia, Rebecca and 
Sarah. 

Ballard, P., Jr., far. S. 6 ; P. 0. Albion. 



Bartlett, A. C, farmer ; P. 0. Albion. 

BEEDLE, J. M., blacksmith, Al- 
bion ; born in Wa.shington Co., Penn., 
in 1830 ; came to this county in 1865. 
He married Miss Eliza J. Johns in 
1854 ; she was born in Ohio; has two 
children — Willie E. and Harry A. 

Beeson, J. C. far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Albion. 

Beeson, M., grocer, Albion. 

Bevins, J. V.,far.; P. 0. Albion. 

Binford, J., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Albion. 

Brigham, H., hardware dealer, Albion. 

CAMPBELL, W. H., fruit grower, 
Albion. 

Collins, S., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Albion. 

Cable, Wm., grocer, Albion. 

Collins, T. (1.. far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Albion. 

CRIPPS, J. B., fruit grower and 
nurseryman, Albion ; born in Venango 
Co., Penn., April 8, 1826; came to this 
county in October, 1856 ; previous to 
his removal to this county, he lived in 
Kentucky, and left the State on account 
of the institution of slavery. He mar- 
ried Miss Lizzie G. Humlong in 1856 ; 
she was born in Kentucky and died in 
1870 ; he afterward married A. C. 
Montgomery in 1872 ; she was born in 
St. Lawrence Co., N. Y.; h:is two chil- 
dren — Eliza M. and Laura E. 

Crookshanks, B. M., far., Sec. 30 ; P. 0. 
Albion. 

Cross, David C, hardware dealer, Albion. 

Cowgill, G. W., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Albion. 

CraNIXGHAlI, J. E., black- 
smith, Albion ; born in Delaware Co., 
Ohio, in 1825; lived twelve years in 
Linn Co., previous to his coming to this 
county in June, 1864. Has held office 
of Town Trustee eight years. He mar- 
ried Mary A. Johns in 1848; she was 
born in Knox Co., Ohio, and died in 
January, 1869; he afterward married 
Eliza Sawyer, who was born in New 
York ; she died in 1870 ; he married 
for his third wife Mary Reusch in 1871 ; 
she was born in Germany ; has three 
children — Florence, Ernest and Grace L. 

DAWSON, SAMUEL, far., S. 26 ; P. 
O. Albion. 
DANIELS, JOHN, carpenter and 
builder, Albion ; born in Somerset Co., 
Penn., in 1833 ; came to this county in 



IOWA TOWNSHIP. 



665 



1867. Has served as member of City 
Council and School Director. He mar- 
ried Lovina Tenny in 1855 ; she was 
born in Somerset Co., Penn.; has five 
children — Mansfield, Jesse, Mary, Ross 
and Elvira. 

Dearote S., shoemaker, Albion. 

DJB^BOW, JOHN, farmer, S. 36; 
P. 0. Albion ; born in Knox Co., HI., 
in 1837 ; came to this county in 1852 ; 
owns 344 acres. He enlisted in the 32d 
Iowa V. I., in the late war, and served 
three years, and w;is in nearly all the 
battles in which the regiment was en- 
gaged. He maiTied Miss Emily Melton 
in 1858 ; she was born in Knox Co., 
111., and died in 186-t ; he afterward 
married Miss Sarah Melton in 1867 ; 
she was born in Knox Co., III.; has two 
children — Sylvester and Harvey J. 

DEXBOW, WILLIAM, physi 
cian and veterinary surgeon. Sec. 31 ; 
P. 0. Albion ; born in Knox Co., 111., 
Dec. 6, 1830 ; came to this county 
April 4, 1853 ; owns eighty acres of 
land. Has held the office of Town 
Trustee, Assessor and Justice of the 
Peace. He married Miss Elizabeth 
Tate in 1850 ; she was born in Indiana; 
has four children — Curtis, Sylvanus, 
Lenora Ellen and Emory. 

Delano, E. N., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Albion. 

Dennis. I., far., S. 31 ; P. O. Albion. 

Dent, D., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Albion. 

Dever, D. S., blacksmith, Albion. 

Dunham, John. Road Supervisor, Albion. 

THMES, HENRY, ret. far., Albion. 

~1~\ALLAS, WM., attorney, Albion. 

Perguson, S. C, plasterer, Albion. 

FRAIiE Y, J. D., far. S. 33 ; P. 0. 
Albion ; born in Indiana in 1850 ; came 
to this county in 1863; owns 120 
acres. He married Miss Lou. Hobbs 
in 1872 ; she was born in this county; 
has one son. 

GARVER, A. A., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. 
Albion. 
'Grubber, John, shoemaker, Albion. 
TTAMILTON, A., laborer, Albion. 

Hamlin, Jas., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Albion. 
Harsha. A. J., retired, Albion. 
HASTINGS, OBED, farmer, S. 
!• ; P. 0. Albion ; born in Jefferson Co., 



N. Y., in 1815; he removed with his 
parents to Massachusetts, where he re- 
mained for a number of years, and in 
1850, removed to Illinois, where he re- 
mained three years, coming to this 
county in 1853; he owns 145 acres of 
land. He married Mrs. .'VlaryJ. Woods 
(whose maiden name was Woods ) ; she 
was born in Ohio ; has two children — 
Fred and William Penn. Mrs. Hast- 
ings has four children by previous mar- 
riage — Rollin, David, Catharine and 
Sarah Woods. 

Hauser, Gleo., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Albion. 

Hauser, Jacob, far., S. 26 ; P. O. Albion. 

Hauser, L., far. S. 31; P. 0. Albion. 

Heacock, J. U., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Albion. 

Hendong, F.,far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Albion. 

HOBBS, JOHN B., flirmer, S. 8 ; 
P. 0. Albion ; born in Lee Co., Va., in 
1812 ; emigrated to Indiana and lived 
there eight years, removing to Washing- 
ton Co., Iowa, in 1840, and, in 1850, 
came to this county ; owns 157 acres of 
land. He was the first County Judge 
of Marshall Co. He married Miss EmUy 
Hasty in 1839 ; she was born in Ken- 
tucky ; has six children — Sarah J., 
Oscar, Milton, Lois A., Charlie P. and 
John F.; lost two — Harriet M. and Albert 
W.; the latter died from disease con- 
tracted in the army. 

Hobbs, Milton D., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Albion. 

HOUGHTON, G. W., former, S. 
5 ; P. 0. Albion ; born in Jay, Essex 
Co., N. Y., in 1835 ; came to this 
county in 1866 ; owns 124 acres. ' Has 
held the office of School Director. He 
married Miss Clarinda Tender, who was 
born in Essex Co., N. Y.; have three 
children — Frank H., Lydia M. and 
Fred G. 

Houghton, M. B., far., S. 5 ; P.;0. Albion. 

Howell, Nicholas, retired, Albion. 

HITMLONG, GEORGE, farmer, 
S. 31 ; P. O. Albion ; born in Ken- 
tucky in 1845 ; came to this county in 
1861; owns 160 acres. He married 
Miss Loa Millen in 1868 ; she was born 
in Massachusetts ; have one child — 
Annetta. 

Hussey, M. J., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Albion. 
NGLEDUE, A., retired farmer, Albion. 



I 



JAMISON, C. H., guard at Peniten- 
tiary. 



666 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



Juit. W.. far., S. !» ; P. 0. Blairstown. 

KETCHA^I, 1.., former, Sec. 36 ; 
P. 0. Albion ; born in Kentucky 
in 1820 ; came to this county in 1850 ; 
owns 173 acres of land. Has held the 
office of Town Trustee. He married 
Lucinda Dean in 1849 ; she was born in 
Indiana ; have two children — Leah A. 
and Rosette J. 

LAMB, J. H., carpenter, Albion. 
Larrison, F., plasterer, Albion. 

Launsbcrry, C., far. ; P. 0. Albion. 

Lewis, E., physician, Albion. 

Long, V, Albion. 

liOrCKS, ADAH, retired former ; 
P. 0. Albion ; born in Herkimer Co., 
N. Y., in 1818 ; lived eight years in 
Michigan, and May 18, 1855, came to 
this county ; he owns 163 acres of land ; 
he was one of the earliest settlers in the 
. locality where he settled ; the first year 
broke prairie and planted sod corn, and 
obtained fifty bushels per acre without 
any cultivation ; he has always taken 
great interest in educational matters, and 
is a firm and earnest supporter of the M. 
E. Church, with which he is connected. 
He married Miss Jane Collier Dec. 25, 
1838; she was born in Steuben Co., N. 
Y. ; have ten children — Henry, James, 
• Clark, John, Bradley, Agnes, Cordelia, 
George, Collier and Kizzie. 

MARSHALL, H., school teacher ; 
Albion. 

McCOY, JOHN, carpenter and farm- 
er, Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Albion ; born in 
Washington Co., Penn., Dec. 16, 1824; 
came to this county Sept. 6, 1854; owns 
forty acrts of land. He enlisted in the 
32d I. V. I., Aug. 15, 1862, and served 
two years and nine months. Has held 
the office of Town Trustee. He mar- 
ried Miss Elizabeth Winget Nov. 29, 
1849 ; she was born in Washington Co., 
Penn. ; have five children — Homer L, 
Elmus M., John C Fremont, Mary F. 
r. aii.l Cora Belle. 

MeKIBBEX,J. H., former, Sec. 
29"; P. 0. Albion ; born in Knox Co., 
Ohio, in 1843; came to this county in 
1865 ; owns 280 acres of land. He 
married Miss Cynthia Shannon in 1865 ; 
she was born in Ohio ; have seven 
children — James F., George W., Thos. 
F., Matthew W., Francis R., Mary E. 
and baby. 



McKIIiL, R., phvsician, Sec. 1; P. 
O. Albion ; born in Ohio Oct. 18, 1818 ; 
came to this county in 1855 ; has prac- 
ticed his profession twenty-six years ; 
owns 278 acres of land. He married 
Miss L. Bear in 1842 ; she was born in 
A^irginia ; have two children — John 
B. and Elkanah B.; lost one son — 
Robert B. 

jflAR^iH, J. H., druggist and dealer 
in paints, oils and glass, Albion ; born in 
Columbia Co.. Ohio, in 1814; cametothis 
county in 1859 ; owns ninety -six acres 
of land ; has served as County Super- 
visor. He married Emily J. Armstrong 
in 1841 ; she was born in Ohio, and 
died in 1860; he afterward married 
Hannah Griffith in 1862 ; she was born 
in Washington Co., Penn. ; have four 
children by first marriage — Theodore 
P., L. Evaline, Philena and Wilmer L. 

Martin, W., far., Sec. 35 ; P. O. Albion. 

MIELER, CHARLES, former, S. 
6 ; P. O. Albion ; born in Grayson Co., 
Ky., in 1824; came to this State in 
1836, and to this county in 1852 ; owns 
188 acres of land. He married Miss 
Lydia Miller in 1847 ; she w;is born in 
Kentucky, and died in 1856. He aft- 
erward married Deborah Miller in 1857 ; 
she was born in Illinois, and died in 
1873. Has two children — Mary A. and 
James W., by first marriage, and six by 
the second — Nancy E., Lucretia E., 
Ruth, John F., Francis M. and Val 
Ionia ; lost four. 

Miller, G. S., tar., S. 36 ; P. 0. Albion. 

Mishler,J., far.; P. 0. Albion. 

Mitchell, J., wagon maker, Albion. 

Modhn, J. W., wagon maker, Albion. 

Moffatt, A. C, far!, S. 4 ; P. 0. Albion. 

Myers, A., butcher, Albion. 

Myers, J. B., far., S. 5 ; P. O. Albion. 

PATTON, G., far. and fruit grower, 
Albion. ' 

Patton, W. L., grain, stock and lumber 
dealer, Albion. 

Patrick, H. S., attorney, Albion. 

Philbrick, N.. carpenter. Albion. 

POST, W. D., grain and lumber 
dealer, Albion ; born in Richland Co., 
Ohio, in 1846 ; came to this county in 
Dec, 1849. He enlisted in the 163d Ohio 
V. I., in the late war. He married Miss 
M. M. Story in 1868; she was born in 
Crawford Co., Ohio; has two children 



SMITH, WM. €., HOX., born 
near Mt. Pleasant, Belmont Co., Ohio, 
Dec. 15, 1823 ; lived there until he was 
6 years of age, then moved to George- 
town, Harrison Co., Ohio, where he re- 
sided four years ; then went to Salem, 
JefiPerson Co. , Ohio, and lived there two 
years ; from Salem he moved to Coshoc- 
ton, where he remained three years ; 
then emigi-ated to Owen Co., Ind. ; 
after nine years' residence there, he 
came to Jasper Co., Iowa, arriving there 
in 1847 ; in April, 1848, he came to 
Marshall Co. ; assisted to build the first 
house on Timber Creek in that month ; 
in September, 1848, he settled in this 
county ; he was engaged in farming and 
teaching school before coming to Iowa ; 
after coming here, he taught school, en- 
gaged in farming and preached consid 
siderably (the Judge is a minister of the 
Christian Church). He was elected 
Clerk of the Board of County Commis- 
sioners in August, 1849 ; served in that 
capacity until the Board of Commi-sion- 
ers was abolished, in August, 1851 ; he 
became Clerk of the District Court in 
April, 1850 ; in April, 1853, he was 
elected County Judge ; held that office 



continuously until Jan. 1, 18G0 ; he was 
member of the Board of Supervisors 
from January, 1863, to January, 1875 ; 
he was the first Postmaster in Marshall 
Co. ; appointed in August, 1850 ; the 
post office was Timber Creek ; he held 
that position until he moved to Mariet- 
ta, in April, 1853; in the Fall of that 
year, he was appointed Postmaster of 
Marietta, and held that office several 
years ; he was Enrolling Officer and 
Deputy U. S. Marshal from the Spring 
of 1863 until the close of the war; he 
served as Justice of the Peace in Tim- 
ber Creek Tp. From 1862 to 1875, he 
resided in Timber Creek Tp. He was 
Pastor of the Christian Church at dem- 
ons' Grove one year ; since then, he has 
resided in Albion, engaged in mercan- 
tile business. In 1870, he served as 
Deputy U. S. ^larshal for taking the 
census of the south half of Marshall Co. 
He married Amanda Jane Cooper Oct. 
16, 1843; she was born in Pulaski Co., 
Ky., Feb. 24, 1829; they have four 
children — Newton F., born April 16, 
1848; Albert W., born Dec. 8, 1855 ; 
Maggie A., born May 5, 1857, and 
Alice A., born Dec. 26, 1869. 



IOWA TOWNSHIP. 



667 



— Edna Z. and Lillian I. ; lost one son 

— Leland D. 
Pool, R., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Albion. 
"OANDOLPH, D. W., grocer, Albion. 

RAMSEY, J. «., farmer. Sec. 30 ; 
P. O. Albion ; born in Highland Co., 
Ohio, Nov. 4, 1852 ; came to this county 
in 1860 ; owns forty acres of land. His 
father, James Ramsey, was born in Vir- 
ginia, and at an early age, removed to 
Ohio, where he lived until his removal 
to this county in 1860. He died in 1862. 
His mother still survives. 

Roberts, H. C., warehouseman, Albion. 

Rogers, A. C, grocer, Albion. 

Roi^ton, John, far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Albion. 

Rolston, J. B., grain, stock and lumber 
dealer, Albion. 

ROLSTOX, JESSE, farmer. Sec. 
32 ; P. 0. Albion ; born in Knox Co., 
Ohio, in 1836 ; came to this county in 
in 1859 ; owns eighty acres. Has held 
the office of Secretary of the School 
Board. He enHsted in the 32d Iowa V. 
I. in the late war, and served two years 
and eleven months. He married Miss 
Catherine Melton in 1860 ; she was born 
in Iowa, and died in February, 1868; 
he afterward married Miss Elizabeth 
Ramsey in 1869 ; she was born in 
Highland Co., Ohio ; has one child by 
first marriage — Jennie M., and five by 
second marriage — Dora B., Lenora D., 
Gertie M., Susan and Nellie J. ; lost one 
sun— Charles T. 

Richey, Simon, physician, Albion. 

Rundolph, D. B , merchant, Albion. 

SHOEMAKER, G. J., inventor, Al- 
bion. 

Shoemaker, Joseph, grocer, Albion. 

SPIXDI^ER, T. J., farmer Sec. 1 ; 
P. 0. Albion ; born in Allegheny Co., 
Penn., July 4, 1831 ; came to this 
county April 20, 1855 ; owns 33^ acres. 
Has held the offices of Town Clerk and 
Assessor ten years. He enlisted in the 
32d Iowa V. I. in the late war, and 
Served until discharged on account of 
disability. He married Miss AnnaWilt- 
fong in 1860 ; she was boru in ^liehi- 
gan ; has three children — Inez, Evelyn 
and Jennie ; lost two — Emery A. and 
Junia. 

STAXLY, A., miller, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. 
Albion ; born in Ohio in 1826 ; came to 



this county in 1857 ; he is proprietor of 
Stanley's Mill, which was built in 1876 ; 
has three run of stone, with facility for 
five run ; present capacity, 150 bushels 
of wheat per day. He married Isabel 
Stanley in 1857 ; she was born in Ohio 
and died in 1858 ; he afterward married 
Edith Marsh, in 1864; she was born in 
Ohio ; has one child by first marriage. 

SWEARINGEX, THOS., firm- 
er and stock raiser. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Albion ; 
born in Fayette Co., Penn., Sept. 27, 
1826; in 1834, he removed to Ohio, 
and came to this county in 1855 ; he 
owns 780 acres of land. He married 
Miss Amanda E. Dunlap in 1853 ; she 
was born in Pennsylvania Oct. 23, 1830 : 
has nine children — Alice A., Jessie B., 
Ida M., Myrtie I., Chubbie A., Maggie, 
Emmet L., Fi'ank T. and Raymond G. 

rpEBB, JAMES, shoemaker, Albion. 

Thurston, Wm., warehouseman, Albion. 

Treadway, A. F.,coal and lime dlr., Albion. 

Tripp, Stephen, retired, Albion. 

Troutman, E., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Albion. 

Troutman, Geo., merchant, Albion. 

TUCKER, _T. W., farmer, stock 
raiser and fruit grower. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. 
Albion ; born in Beaver Co., Penn., in 
1831 ; he i-emoved to Indiana in 1839, 
and came to this county in 1856 ; owns 
375 acres of land ; a portion of the time 
since he came to this county, has been 
occupied in teaching. He has served as 
County Superintendent of Schools. He 
married Miss Sarah Van Vracken in 
1866 ; she was born in New York ; has 
three children — Anna E.. S. Eleanor 
and babv- 

Turner, A. T., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Albion. 

WALDEN, FREEMAN, Pastor 
Christian Church, Albion. 

Walden, F., Pastor Disciples Church, Al- 
bion. 

Walker, Wm. E., house mover, Albion. 

Waters, G. M., far., S. 32; P. 0. Albion. 

Way, D. B., harness maker, Albion. 

Whealen, F. S., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Albion. 

Wheeler, Gideon, merchant, Albion. 

Wheeler, Wm. C, grocer, Albion. 

Wheeler, Wm., farmer ; P. 0. Albion. 

Williamson, Wm., teamster. Albion. 

WORCESTER, DAVID, retired, 
Albion ; born in New Hampshire ; came 
to this county in 1861. 



668 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



LOGAN TOWNSHIP. 



A RMSTRONG, ROBERT 

BAGLEY, J. H., farmer, S. 4 ; P. O. 
State Centre. 

Bechley, David, far., S. 5; P.O. Lamoille. 

Brandt, J., far., S. 34; P. 0. Newton. 

BROWN, J. G,, fanner, S. 23 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown ; born in Fulton Co., 
111., in 1839 ; located in tliis county in 
1871. Married Miss Annie M. Negely 
in 1866 ; she was born in Franklin Co., 
Penn., in 18-12; she is a member of the 
Congregational Church. He is a Re- 
publican. Was Supervisor three years. 
He owns 840 acres of land, worth $25 
per ;«cre. Enlisted in the 55th 111. V. 
I., Oct., 1861 ; re-enlisted as veteran in 
1864 ; discharged in Aug., 1865 ; 'was 
Sergt. Major of his regiment ; he never 
lost from duty but one day during his 
four years service ; was never wounded 
or captured ; went with Sherman on 
his march to the sea. 

CLARK, H. B., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

Conklin, J. & A., fars., S. 3 ; P. O. Marshall- 
town. 

Coppersmith, L., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. La- 
moille. 

CRAMER, A. J., firmer, S. 24 ; 
P. 0. Laurel ; born in Indiana Co., 
Penn., in 1833 ; located in this county 
in 1865. Married Mrs. Mary J. Boll 
(maiden name Hawley) in 1869; she 
was born in Indiana ; they have one 
child — Cora E., born July 8, 1875 ; she 
had four children by a former marriage 
— Samuel C, Ennels D., William D. 
and Harry L. She is a Methodist. Mr. 
C. is a Democrat. Enli.sted in the 29th 
111. V. I., Co. C, in 18G4 ; served to the 
close of the war ; mu.'^tered out at Camp 

McC , Davenport, Iowa. Owns 

eighty acres of land, valued at $25 i)er 
acre. 

Crawford, J. C, far., S. 19 ; P. O. State 

DAMMIN, FRED, far., S. 25 ; P. O. 
Marshalltown. 
Dammin, Martin, far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Mar-. 

.shalltown. 
DAXNEN, C]}E0R<;K, farmer, S. 
11 ; P. O. Marshalltown ; born in Ger- 



many in 1842 ; located in Ogle Co., 111.,^ 
in 1866, and in this county in 1873. 
Married Henrietta Smith in 1870; she 
was born in Germany in 1845 ; they 
two children — Benjamin J., born Jan. 
31, 1871, and Jacob, born Aug. 16, 
1873. Republican in politics. Owns 
eighty acres of land, valued at S25 per 
aci'e. 

EIBS, TWIOEN, farmer, S. 24 ; 
P. O. Mar.shalltown ; born in Ger- 
many in 1835 ; came to this county in 
1864. Married Doris Plandall in 1862 y 
she was born in Germany ; have 
six children — Annie, Emmi, Matt, 
Mary, Renhardt and Rudolph. Are 
Lutherans. He owns eighty acres of 
land, valued at $30 per acre. 

EMMERT, WILLIAM H., far , 

Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Newton ; born in Bed- 
ford Co., Penn., in 1849 , located in 
this county in 1876. Married Miss 
Mary A. Hancock in 1870; she was 
born in 1848 in Jefferson Co., Penn. ; 
have two boys — George P., born Dec. 
19, 1871, and Wm. Austin, born May 
23, 1873. Are members of the M. E 
Church, of which he is Steward ; Dem- 
ocratic in politics. Road Supervisor. 
Owns 120 acres of land, valued at $40 
per acre. 

FORBES, E., far., S. 14; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

f^^ IFFORD, A. F., tar., S. 25 ; P. 0. 

VX Miirshalltown. 

GOWDY, JAMEN S., former. 
Sec. 22 ; P. O. Marshalltown ; born in 
Clark Co., Ohio, Jan. 28, 1827 ; moved 
to Henderson Co., 111., in the Fall of 
1858, and located in this county in 1870. 
Married Agnes E. Anderson in 1852; 
she wa« born in Franklin Co., Penn., in 
1829 ; their children are J. Riley, l)urn 
Nov. 29, 1854; Jennie, Dec. 8, 1859; 
Lizzie B., Nov. 21, 1862; Robert S., 
March 9, 1869. Are members of the 
Congregational Church, of which he is 
Treasurer ; has also been Township 
Treasurer five years, and is Justice of 
the Peace the present term. Owns 440 
acres of land, valued at $40 per acre. 

Gowdy, J., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 



LOGAN TOWNSHIP. 



669' 



GO WHY, J. RII.EY, farmer, Sec. 
15; P. 0. iVlarshalltown ; born in Hen- 
derson Co., 111., in 1854 ; located in this 
county in 1870. Married Miss Sophrona 
Smith in 1876 ; she was born in Mus- 
catine Co., Iowa, in 1852. They are 
members of the Congregational Church, 
of which he is Secretary. He is Town- 
ship Constable. He rents seventy acres 
from his father, James S. Gowdy. 

HARMON, KOBERT, farmer. Sec. 
31; P.O.Newton. 

HALL., A. B., farmer, Sec. 11 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown ; born in Guernsey 
Co., Ohio, in 1839 ; located in this coun- 
ty in 1857. Married Miss Mercy J. 
Wheeler in 1861 ; she was born in Ohio 
in 1841 ; children — William J., born 
Sept. 3, 1864 ; Jacob E., Oct. 27, 1867 ; 
Violetta I., March 3, 1869 ; Laura E., 
Aug. 31, 1872; Mary E., Sept. 13, 
1873 ; Le Roy E., Nov. 13, 1876. He 
rents from his uncle 200 acres of land. 

Healey, J. B., for., S. 29 ; P. 0. Newton. 

TORDAX, JAME$$, farmer. Sec. 

cJ 28 ; P. 0. State Centre ; born in 
County Down, Ireland, in 1828; came 
to this country in 1856, and located in 
this county in 1871. Married Mary 
Ennis in 1856 ; she was born in Ireland ; 
have four children living — Jabez, Emma, 
Carson and Charles. Are members of 
the M. E. Church ; he is Republican. 
School Director. Owns 160 acres of 
land, valued at $25 per acre. 

KLANENBURG, WILLIAM, farm- 
er, Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Newton. 

KETTXER, A., farmer. Sec. 34 ; P. 
0. Newton ; born in Clinton Co., Penn., 
in 1825 ; moved to Keokuk Co., Iowa, 
in 1869, and located in this county in 
1871. Married Mary Gladfetter in 
1844 ; she was born in Lycoming Co., 
Penn., in 1825 ; they have seven chil- 
dren — Elizabeth J., Mary R., Almira, 
Susan C, Harvey A., Francis A. and 
Richard D. Mr. Kettneris Independent 
in politics. He owns eighty acres of 
land, valued at $35 per acre. 

Klatt, J., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

Knoll, J., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

KOBBE, CLEMEXS, former, Sec. 
1 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in Ger- 
many in 1842. Married Kate Lampker 
in 1855 ; she was also born in Germany ; 
their children Joseph, Henry, Bernard, 



Herman, Clemens, John and Mary, 
were born in this country. They are 
Catholics ; he is a Democrat. Owns 
160 acres of land, valued at $40 per 
acre. 

KROENER, €., farmer, Sec. 8 ; P. 
O. State Centn' ; born in Germany in 
1836; came to this country in 1851, 
and located in Ogle Co., 111., and in this 
county in 1869. He married Julia 
Smith in 1859 ; she was born in Ger- 
many in 1834 ; have four children — 
Henrietta, born May 15, 1861 ; George 
W., born July 4, 1866; Kate, born 
Sept. 25, 1867 ; Christine, born Aug. 6, 
1869. Are members of the Evangel- 
ical Association of which he is an active 
member and principal ofl&cial in this lo- 
cality ; he owns 400 acres of land, val- 
ued at $15,000. He enlisted in the 15th 
111.' V. I., Co. F, and served with his 
command to the close of the war ; he 
was present at the grand review in 
Washington ; mustered out at close of 
war. 

"T EINS, M., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Newton. 

LEAMER, W. R., farmer, Sec. 27 ; 
P. 0. Newton ; born in Blair Co., Penn., 
in 1830 ; moved to Scott Co., 111., in 
1857, and to this county in 1872. He 
married Bridget A. McKinney in 1855 ; 
she was born in Cambria Co., Penn., in 
1845 ; have eight children — James H., 
born July 1, 1856 ; Louis, born Dec. 
6, 1857 ; Ida May, born May 2, 1859 ; 
Ada May, born Jan. 24, 1861 ; Charles 
W., born Oct. 12, 1865; Sarah E., 
born June 21, 1869 ; Susan C, born 
Oct. 24, 1871 ; John Thomas, born 
June 12, 1875. Mr, Leamer is a Re- 
publican. School Director. Owns 160 
acres of land, valued at $40 per acre. 
He enlisted in 2d I. V. C, Co. C, Aug., 
1861 ; mustered out Oct., 1864 ; served 
with his regiment and never missed 
duty. 

Lemker, H., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

EZEN, far., 34; P. O. 



M 



Newton. 

McCOJIBS, WILLIAM, farmer. 
Sec. 9 ; P. O. Lamoille ; born in Harrison 
Co., Ohio., in 1840; moved to Mahaska 
Co., Iowa in 1865, and to this county in 
1877. Married Sarah L. Lukans in 



670 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



1864 ; she was born in Harrison Co., 
Ohio, in 1833 ; have three children — 
Edgar C, born Sept. 11, 1866 ; Reason 
W., born May 17, 1868; Warren L., 
born Sept. 23, 1870. Mrs. McCombs 
is a member of the Friends' Society ; 
Mr. MeC. is Independent in politics. He 
owns sixty acres of laud in Mahaska Co., 
Iowa, worth 8-tO per acre, and rente 100 
acres in this county. 

MC^VIAHON, DANIEL S., farm- 
er. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Newton ; born in 
Waukesha Co., Wis., in 1847; moved 
to this county in 1876. Married Miss 
Sarah E. Morrison in 1873 ; she was 
born in Washington Co., Penn., in 
1849 ; they have one child — Clinton E.. 
born Nov. 28, 1876 ; owns 160 acres of 
land, valued at 840 per acre. 

MEAI.:fIAX, WILLIAM, farm- 
er, Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Newton ; born in 
Rock Island Co., 111., in 1851 ; located 
ill this county in 1877. Married Mary 
E. Parks in 1875 ; she was born in 
Henry Co., 111., in 1860 ; they have two 
children — Nettie May, born July 23, 
1876; David A., born Jan. 27, 1878. 
He owns 120 acres of laud, valued at S40 
per acre. 

Morris. H., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Newton. 

IVTASON, S., far. S. 16 ; P. 0. State 

.LM Centre. 

Nevil, B., far., S. 24; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Northrop, J., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Newton. 

i^TTE, H., far, S. 25 ; P. 0. Newton. 

O WINGS, THOMAS C, farmer, 
S. 14; P. 0. M:ii>halltown ; born in 
Carroll Co., 111., in 1851 ; located in 
this county in 1867. Married Miss 
Sarah J. Ashworth in 1872 ; she was born 
in Clinton Co., Iowa, in 1852 ; they have 
two children — George L., born Aug. 11, 
1873; Scott, born July 15, 1875. Mrs. 
(). is a member of the Congregational 
Church ; he is a Republican, owns eighty 
acres of land, valued at !?30 per acre. 

Owiugs, William, farmer. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. 
Mar.shalltown. 

PETERSNE & HANSON, farmers, 
Sec. 2 ; P. O. Lamoille. 
PHILLIPS, AMOS, tanner, Sec. 
1 1 ; P. 0. Marshalltowii ; born iu Erie 
Co., Ohio, in 1847 ; located in this 
county in 1854. Married Miss Mary 



Densel in 1876 ; she was born in Penn- 
sylvania ; they have one child born May 
16, 1878. He is a Republican. He owns 
160 acres of land in a high state of cul- 
tivation, worth S30 per acre. 

Phillips, G., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

Phillips, J., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Newton. 

Pul, Oto, far., S. 16; P. 0. Lamoille. 

Pyfer, J. S ,fiir., S. 16; P. 0. Lamoille. 

RHODES, I. A., flirmer, Sec. 11 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown. 

Rogers, M., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 
SECOR, W. S., farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
Newton. 

SEE, C. B., farmer, Sec. 20; P. 0. 
State Centre ; born in Cattaraugus Co., 
N. Y., in 1833; moved to South Bend, 
Ind., in 1839, thence to Walworth Co., 
Wis., in 1845 ; thence to Green Lake 
Co., Wis., in 1847 ; thence to Eau Claire 
in 1854, to Minnesota in 1871, and lo- 
cated in this county in, 1874. Married 
Parmelia A. Emerick in 1858; she was 
born in Oswego Co., N. Y. ; have two 
children— Fanny, born Oct. 13, 1860 ; 
Forrest W., born Jan. 3i<, 1868. Mrs. 
C. is a Methodist. He is a Republican. 
He cultivates 320 acres. 

SHEARER, PETER, farmer. Sec. 
10; P. O. Lamoille; born in Caledonia 
Co., Vt., in 1824; moved to Marshall 
Co., 111., in 1864, and located in this 
county in 1869, Married Miss Nancy 
Somers in 1851 ; she was born in same 
county in 1829; have four children — 
Frank D.. born Jan. 10. 1852 ; Carrie 
J., Auu-. 1, 1853; Emma L., Auu. 18, 
1855 -."^ William R., July 26, 1857. Mr. 
and Mrs. Shearer are members of the 
Congregational Church. He is a Re- 
publican. He was Justice of the Peace 
ten years in Vermont and six years in 
this county; he owns 160 acres of land, 
with nice improvements, groves, etc., 
worth S40 per acre. 

SHEARER, THOMAS J., far , 

S. 2 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; was born in 
Caledonia Co., Vt., in 1833 ; went to 
California in 1854, and returned to 
A''ermout in 1858 ; moved to Marshall 
Co., Ill, in 1868, and located in this 
county in Jan., 1869. Married Miss 
Caroline Somers in 1860 ; she was born 
in the same county in Vermont in 1837 ; 
have four children — Alice M., born Oct. 



LOGAN TOWNSHIP. 



671 



29. 1862 ; Louisa M., March 27, 1864; 
Katie A., Oct. 25, 1868; Nancy I., 
Feb. 5, 1875. Are members of the 
Congregational Churcli. Mr. S. is a 
Republican and is President of the 
School Board of Directors. He owns 
160 acres of land worth $35 per 
acre. 

SOIONTOl^, J. I.., farmer, Sec. 1 ; 
P. 0. Marshalltown ; boni in Portland, 
Me., in 1833 ; moved to La Salle Co., 
111., in 1852, thence to Henry Co., 
in 1853, and located in this county 
in 1868. He married Miss Lydia D. 
Chichester in 1865 ; she was born in 
Suffolk Co., N. Y., in 1839 ; their chil- 
dren are Eliphalet C, born May 16, 
1867 ; Mary J., Aug. 26, 1869 ; Annie 
B., Sept. 9, 1873; Lucy E., Oct. 21, 
1877. Are Free-Will Baptists; Re- 
publican. Owns 100 acres of land with 
§40 per acre. 

SOORHOLZ, JOHN, farmer, S. 
9 ; P. 0. State Centre ; born in Ger- 
many inl856 ; came t« this country in 
1854, and located in this county in 
1869. Married Katie Smith in 1858 ; 
she was born in Germany ; their chil- 
dren are Katie, born Sept. 8, 1860; 
Claus, May 4, 1862; John, Nov. 16, 
1871 ; he owns 160 acres of land, with 
good improvements, worth 835 per 
acre. 

Strow. Wm. J., far., S. 34; P. 0. Newton. 

TIGGES, WILLIAM, farmer, S. 13 ; 
P. O. Marshalltown. 

THOMAS, HEXRY (deceasedV, 
born in Canada ; located in this country 
when a boy. Married Lucretia Register 
in 1850 ; she was born in Columbiana 
Co., Ohio, in 1833 ; has five children — 
William, born Dec. 30, 1852; Mary 
E., Jan. 27, 1854 ; Sarah J., April 14, 
1857 ; Amasa, Dec. 28, 1859 ; Louis 
H., March 19, 1861. Mr. Thomas en- 
listed Aug., 1861, in the 7th I. V. I., 
Co. D. He was killed in action at the 
battle of Belmont, Mo., Nov. 7, 1861. 
He was a soldier in the Mexican war, 
and present at the capture of the City of 
Mexico, under Gen. James Shields. 
William Thomas, oldest son of Henry, 
is a Republican. Owns 160 acres, 
worth S20 per acre. 

TIGijJES, FREDERICK, farm- 
er, Sec. 13; P.O. Marshalltown; born 



in Germany, 1834 ; came to this county 
in 1856. Married Rosania Stroburg in 

1863 ; she was born in Germany ; have 
seven children — Mary, born Nov. 4, 

1864 ; William, April 29, 1866 ; Fred, 
July — , 1870 ; Emma, July 2, 1871 ; 
Henry, Feb. 3, 1872 ; Augusta, April 
18, 1874; August, Jan. 7, 1877. Are 
Lutherans ; Democrat. He owns 200 
acres, valued at S40 jter acre. 

TUCKER, JOHN H., farmer. Sec. 
5 ; P. 0. Stale Centre ; born in New 
Hampshire in 1828 ; located in this 
county in 1877. Married Mrs. Jose- 
phine Spaulding (maiden name Baldwin) - 
in 1876 ; she was born in New York in 
1845 ; one child — Harley, born July 28, 
1877 ; Mrs. Tucker has three children 
by a former marriage — Eva Spaulding, 
born March 15, 1868; Shellie, Nov. 14, 
1870 ; Katie, May 24, 1873. Mr. Tuck- 
er is a Democrat. Owns 150 acres of 
land, valued at $35 per acre. 

YANBUSKIRK, W., far., S. 21 ; P. 
0. Lamoille. 

WALTENEGER, JACOB, far., S. 
20 ; P. 0. Newton. 

WAEEACE, E. E., farmer. Sec. 
20 ; P. 0. State ('entre ; born in Wash- 
ington Co., Md., in 1841 ; moved to 
Ogle Co., 111., in 1844 ; thence to this 
county in 1871. Married Clara B. 
Waltemyre in 1869 ; she was born in 
the same county in 1848; have two 
children— Frank H.,born Nov. 9, 1870 ; 
Charles A., May 9, 1873. Republican. 
Owns 1861 acres of land, valued at S35 
per acre. He enlisted in the 92d 111. 
M. L, Co. D, in August, 1862 ; wound- 
ed at Tunnell Hill, Ga., Sept. 17, 1864 ; 
made the march with Sherman to 
the sea, and did not lose a day's duty 
during his term of enlistment ; was mus- 
tered out at the close of the war. 

Warden, R. A., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

WENSEE, WM. E. M., farmer, 
Sec. 6; P. 0. State Centre; born Feb. 
25, 1825, in Lycoming Co., Penn. ; in 
1866, came to Marshall Co., Iowa, and 
to his present farm ; he owns 480 acres, 
valued at $40 per acre. Married Mar- 
garet Smitli Feb. 8, 1849 ; she was born 
Feb. 8, 1828, in Lebanon Co., Penn. ; 
have six chiklren — George W., Frank- 
lin J., Lewis C, Flora, Charles and 
8 



672 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



Kate. Enlisted, in 1861, in Co. E, 5th 
Penri. V. I. ; served three months, and 
was honorably discharged. Mr. W. has 
held about all the town.ship offices. Are 



members of the German Reformed 
Church. 
Wing, Geo. P., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 



JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 



ANDREWS, N. B., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. 
Timber Creek. 

AULT, DAXIEL, B., farmer. Sec. 
36 ; P. 0. Giiman ; born in Morrow Co., 
Ohio, Feb. 23, 1852 ; came to this 
county in 1 869 ; owns 120 acres of land, 
valued at $30 per acre ; he is the son of 
Noah Hampton Ault, who was born in 
Belmont Co., Ohio, July 12, 1828, and 
married Clarinda M. Benedict April 20, 
1851; she was born March 3, 1833; 
they had seven children — Daniel B., 
born Feb. 23, 1852 ; Loretta C, born 
April 3, 185-4, she married Mr. Wilder 
Small Feb. 22, 1871 ; Andrew F., 
born March 1, 1856, Mary E., born 
Sept 18, 1857, married George Baughn 
Nov, 26, 1873; Hannah M., born Jan. 
10, 1859 ; William H., born Dec. 24, 
1860 ; Rosetta V., born Dec. 19, 1862, 
died Jan 24, 1877. Mr. Noah Hamp- 
ton Ault enlisted in Co. G, 82d Ohio. V. 
I., Oct. 1, 1862, and was with the Ar- 
my of the Potomac in several battles, 
and was killed May 1, 1863, in the bat- 
tle of Chancellorsville, while fighting for 
the Union. His widow married Fred- 
rick W. Ault in June 1865 ; their chil- 
dren are Dewitt W., born Nov. 13, 1867 ; 
Hardella B., born Dec. 13, 1871 ; Hen- 
ry W., born Oct. 31, 1873. 

BEYE, HENRY, farmer, S. IZO ; P. 
0. Laurel. 

BAKER, MONROE, farmer, Sec. 
18 ; P. O. Marshalltown ; born in Wind- 
ham Co., Conn., June 23, 1851 ; lived 
there until 19 years of age, when 
he moved to Bureau Co., 111., and 
lived there five years ; came to this county 
in 1875. Married Mercy A. Smith Sept. 
10,1873; they have one child — Clar- 
ence E., born Oct. 27, 1876. Mr. Ba- 
ker and wife are members of the Christ- 
ian Church ; in politics, he is a Repub- 
lican. Owns 120 acres of land, valued at 
626 per acre ; has a pleasant location on 



dry ground ; his father and brother a 
livintz: near him. 

BIRKS, R. H., farmer, S. 12 ; P. 
0. Timber Creek ; born in Logan Co., 
111., Nov. 14, 1849 ; came to this coun- 
ty with his parents in the Spring of 
1852, and has since resided here. Mar- 
ried Miss Surelda Lackey Dec. 1, 1870; 
she was born in Indiana ; they have a 
family of two children — Phebe E., born 
Nov. 24, 1872 ; Effie F., born March 
10, 1878. Mr. B. is a Democrat, holds 
the office of School Director. Owns 130 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre. 

Bloom, A., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Giiman. 

Bloom, G. B., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Giiman. 

Brown, D., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Laurel. 

Brown, M., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Laurel. 

BrCHHEISTER, CHARLES 

F., far.. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Laurel ; born 
in Washington Co., Ohio, April 2, 
1850 ; when about 4 years old, with his 
parents, he came to Johnson Co., Iowa, 
where he lived till February, 1878^ 
when he came to this county, and is 
beginning new on the prairie ; has al- 
ways been engaged in farming. Married 
Jane Mahring Jan. 22, 1873 ; she was 
born June 7, 1853 ; their family consists- 
of three children — John E., born Jan. 4, 
1875 ; Edward F., Feb. 5, 1876, and 
Arthur E.', March 20, 1877. Mr. B. is 
Independent in politics. Owns eighty 
acres of land, valued at $1,600. 
Buckholz, Henry, shoemaker. Sec. 17; P. 
0. Laurel. 

CARNEY, J. W., far.. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. 
Laurel. 

Carroll, M., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Laurel. 

Classen, P^no, far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Laurel. 

COOPER, J. N., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. 
Timber Creek ; born in Owen Co., Ind., 
Nov. 16, 1836 ; in 1847, came to Jas- 
per Co., Iowa, with his parents, and the 
following Spring to this county; attended 
the first school taught in this county, 



JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 



673 



which was held in liis father's house ; 
W. C Smith was the teacher ; helped 
to do the first plowing done in the 
county ; used a plow with a wooden 
mold-board. Married Miss Mary J. 
Jewel Feb. 19, 1858; their children 
are Francis L., born Oct. 2, 1851) ; Lu- 
cinda E., June 26, 1863 ; Perry J., 
June 16, 1867 ; Abbie E., April 22, 
1871; Wilfred, Jan. 20, 1873; Estella, 
Nov. 28, 1874. Mr. C. is a Repub- 
lican. Owns 190 acres of land, valued 
at $25 per acre ; is engaged in raising 
fruit and stock. 
CRAMER, H ILI^IAM H., far., 
Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Timber Creek ; born in 
Scioto Co., Ohio, Dec. 15, 1825 ; lived 
there till 25 years of ago, engaged in 
farming, when he moved to Jo Daviess 
Co., 111., and bought a farm; in 1866, 
went to Missouri, and in 1867 returned 
to Ohio ; in 1869, came to this county 
and has been here since. Married Miss 
Caroline Beloat Sept. 11, 1845 ; their 
children are Abigail, Mary, Susan, Em- 
ily, Ursuline, William and Rebecca. 
Mr. C. and wife are members of the 
Christian Church; Republican in politics. 

DADE, HENRY, farmer, S. 19 ; P. 
0. Laurel. 

Determan, B., far. S. 6 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Determan, H., far, S. 4; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Dunlap, C. C.,far.,S. 10 ; P. O.Marshall- 
town. 

TT^ITZ, B. F., farmer, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. 

Aj Laurel. 

FLACK, II. W., farmer. Sec. 29 ; 
P. 0. Laurel ; born in Jo Daviess Co., 
111., May 2, 1835; lived there till 1867; 
engaged in farming, which he has al- 
ways followed ; leaving that county in 
1867, he came to the place he now owns 
— a farm of 165 acres of splendid land, 
valued at $2,000. JMr. F. married Mrs. 
Emily M. Owens Allen Jan. 11, 1863. 
Mr. Flack and wife are members of the 
M. E. Church ; politically he is a Re- 
publican and is now Constable of the 
township. 

Forrey, H. F., Postmaster, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. 
Timber Creek. 

Fuller, Geo. S., far., S. 16; P. 0. Laurel. 

FIJL.LER, IIATHEW M„ farm 
er, Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Laurel ; born in Mason 



Co., Ky., July 28, 1832 ; wa,i brought 
up on a farm and has always followed it 
for a livelihood. In 1855, he came to 
this county and wintered in Timber 
Creek Grove and the following Spring, 
came to this township, where he has 
since resided. Married Adaline Robin- 
son July 9, 1850; they have a family 
of three children living — Geo., Wm. and 
Wyatt. Mr. Fuller and wife are mem- 
bers of the M. E. Church at Laurel. 
He holds the offices of Steward, Trust- 
ee, and is Superintendent of Sunday 
school ; takes an active interest in the 
welfare of the Church ; politically, Mr. 
F. is a Republican. Has a farm of 
eighty acres, valued at $35 per acre ; 
there were only five or six houses on the 
prairie when he settled here. 
Fuller, S., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Laurel.' 
FULLER, W. A., farmer. Sec. 24 ; 
P. 0. Laurel ; born in Bracken Co., 
Ky., Sept. 10, 1854; came to this coun- 
ty with his parents when about 2 years 
old, and has made it his home since. 
Married Miss Martha A. Birks Dec. 
24, 1874; she is a daughter of Daniel 
Birks, of Timber Creek Tp. ; their fam- 
ily consists of two children — William Le 
Roy, born March 8, 1876 ; Adelbert, 
born Nov. 21, 1877. Mr. F. owns 
eighty acres, valued at $2,500. 

GEISTER, JOSEPH, far., S. 20; P. 
O. Laurel. 

OARRETT, WM. S., farmer. Sec. 
11 ; P. 0. Timber Creek ; born in Vir- 
ginia Oct. 29, 1803 ; lived in Tennessee, 
Kentucky, Indiana and Illinois, and in 
1862, came to this county; has always 
been a farmer. Married Miss Sarah 
Drake June 30, 1821 . she was born in 
Christian Co., Ky., Oct. 12,1805; they 
have twelve children living — Penninah, 
Levi, Henry, John, Polly A., Elizabeth, 
William, Louisa, Sarah, Nancy, Stephen 
and Rachel. Mr. G. and wife are mem- 
bers of the Baptist Church ; he is a 
Democrat. Owns forty acres of land, 
valued at $40 per acre. 

Gilson, B. S., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Laurel. 

GILSOiV, THOS. R., farmer. Sec. 
31 ; P. 0. Laurel ; born in Frederick 
Co., Md., March 9, 1851 ; when about 
1 year of age, with his parents he moved 
to Dubmjue Co., Iowa, and remained 
about eighteen years, at the end of 



674 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



which time they moved to this county. 
Married Elizabeth Wintersteen Oct. 5, 
1872 ; they have two children — Eva B., 
born May 27, 1874, and William R., 
Sept. 17,' 1876. Mr. G. and wife are 
members of the M. E. Church, in which 
her parents, now living in Jasper Co., 
are prominent membei"S. For the past 
five Autumns he has followed threshing, 
owning and operating a machine of his 
own ; has a good reputation for thor- 
ough work and honesty in his dealings 
with his patrons; has a farm of eighty 
acres, valued at 82,40(1. 
GILf^ON, THO:?IAS S., farmer. 
Sec. I'J ; P. 0. Laurel ; burn in Freder- 
ick Co., Md., Feb. 27, 1825 ; that coun- 
ty was his home until 1852, when he 
came to beautiful Iowa, and made Du- 
buque Co. his home for eighteen years ; 
when in Maryland he was engaged in 
farming, and in Dubuque Co. he en- 
gaged in the broom business, raising his 
own corn, and manufacturing annually 
about 12,000 brooms; his receipts 
amounted to about $3,000 per year ; 
came to this county in the Spring of 
1870, and located where he now lives ; 
at that time it was bare prairie, as nature 
formed it ; but now to take a walk 
around the place and see the beautiful 
grove of young maples, the thrifty orchard, 
good house and outbuildings, strong 
fences and comfortable looks about the 
place, and one can hardly imagine such 
improvements could be made in so short 
a lime. Mr. G. is one of our representa- 
tive farmers ; is quite largely engaged in 
raising stock, and particularly hogs ; he 
also follows the broom business to some 
extent. Sept. 4, 1844, he married Susan 
E. GroflF ; they have a family of three 
children, all pleasantly located near 
them, and all prospering finely — Benja- 
min S., Amanda C and Thomas R. Mr. 
Gilson and family are members of the 
M. E. Church, in which he takes an 
active interest, holding the offices of 
Steward, Trustee, etc. ; in politics, a Re- 
pubHcan. His farm consists of 400 
acres, which he values at 812,000. 
GLASPEY, JOSEPH H., farm- 
er, Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Marshalltuwn ; born 
in Cumberland Co., N. J., June 16, 
1819; the early portion of his life was 
spent in New Jersey, working on a 



farm ; but at the age of 25 years, he 
moved to Davenport, Iowa, and in 1861. 
he came to this county and located 
here he now resides. Married Mary 
C. Pickering Aug. 5, 1851 ; they have 
three children — Lucy, Ward and Jen- 
nie. Mr. Glaspey and family are mem- 
bers of the Baptist Church in IMarshall- 
town ; in politics, he identifies himself 
with the Republican party. Has a farm 
of 120 acres, valued at $3,000. 

Glaspey, Ward, far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Laurel. 

Greenfield, H. W., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

TTARSH, I. M., DR., Laurel. 

HAAS, CHARLES, far.. Sec. 7 ; 
P. 0. Marshalltown ; burn in Prussia 
Jan. 20, 1840 ; came to America in the 
Fall of 1853, and landed in Galveston, 
Texas, but moved to Ohio in about 
three months ; in 1855, he went to 
Grant Co., Wis. ; in 1866, came to this 
county. Married Margaret Glesa Oct. 
27, 1862 ; they have a family of six 
children — Fredericka A., Christina, 
Margaret, Fred, Henry and John. Mr. 
Haas and wife are members of the 
Lutheran Church. He owns 160 acres 
of land, valued at §4,000. 

HARGES, FREDERICK, far., 

S. 5 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; he was boru 
in Hanover, Germany, Aug. 4, 1825 ; 
came to America in 1853, and settled in 
Grant Co.,AVis., and worked in the lead 
mines about three years ; came to this 
county in Feb., 1865, and has since 
engaged in farming. Married Miss 
Frederika Haas Oct. 12, 1855 ; they 
have a family of eight children — Mary. 
Elizabeth, Cathiu-ine, George, Maggie, 
Theresa, William and Albert. Mr. H. 
and wife are members of the Lutheran 
Church ; Democratic in politics. Owns 
410 acres of land, valued at $25 per 
acre. 
HARTWELL., CALVi:^, farmer, 
S. 35 ; P. O. Gilman ; born in Erie Co., 
Ohio, Dec. 17, 1849 ; when about 5 
years old, he came to this county, with 
his parents, who are still living in this 
county, near Marshalltown, where Mr. 
H. has made his home for the past 
twenty-two years, till this Spring, when 
he moved to the farm. Married Mary 
1. Giddings Jan. 13, 1874. Mr. H. is 



JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 



675 



a Republican. Owns eighty acres of 
land, valued at $2,U00. 

HOI.DGRAFKR, HEXRY, far., 

S. 7 ; P. 0. Marshalltown; born in 
Hanover, Germany, Oct. 21, 1843 ; 
came to America with his parents at 
the age of 3 years, and settled in Jo 
Daviess Co., 111.; lived there six years, 
and moved to Clinton Co., Iowa, and, in 
1870, came to this county. His life 
has always been spent on a farm. He 
has been married three times, his first 
wife being Regina Lunning ; they had 
two children — Agnes E., born Jan. '21, 
1869, and Mary A., Nov. 8, 1870 ; Mrs. 
H.died June 19, 1871 ; Jan. 23, 1872, 
he married Anna M. Lamker, but she, 
too, was soon called away by death, 
living only till Aug. 31, 1872. His 
present wife was Catharine Goodman, 
whom he married Feb. 1-4, 1873 ; they 
have three children — Clara E., born 
Feb. 14, 1874; Joseph H., born Feb. 
7, 1876, and Mary T., born Feb. 14, 
1878. Mr. H. and wife are members 
of the Roman Catholic Church, as also 
were each of his former wives. Owns 
400 acres of land, worth $110,000. 

Howe, T. S., farmer and carpenter, Sec. 
12 ; P. 0. Timber Creek. 

TMHOLT, A., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Mar- 

JL slialltown. 

Ingraham, A., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Gilman. 

Ingraham, J. D., far., S. 30 ; P.O. Laurel. 

IXGRAHAM, LORENZO W., 

former. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Gilman ; born 
in Williamsburg, Mass., Aug. 13, 1819 ; 
his parents moved to Hamilton Co., N. 
Y., when he was about 4 years of age, 
taking him with them ; here he spent 
all of his early life ; he engaged in farm- 
ing, a business he has always followed. 
Married Jennett Doige Sept. 9, 1841; 
they have five children living — JohnD., 
William D., Alonzo, Samuel G. and 
Alex. In 1855, Mr. Ingraham moved 
to Henderson Co., 111., and lived till 
1871, when he came to this county. He 
has always been a Republican. Owns 
110 acres of land, valued at $30 per 
acre. Mrs. Ingraham is a member ot 
the Congregational Church. 
Ingraham, W. D., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Gil- 
man. 

JAMES, R. J., farmer, Sec. 26 ; P. 0. 
Gilman. 



KEOPEL, GEORGE, farmer. Sec. 4 ; 
P. O. Marshalltown. 
Kramma, H., far.. S. 33; P. 0. Laurel. 

LANT, CASPER M., farmer. Sec. 27; 
P. O. Laurel. 
LANG, J!iTEI»HEN, farmer, Sec. 
9 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in Jo 
Daviess Co., 111., Nov. 6, 1855; his 
parents died when he was quite young, 
and he was in charge of his brother till 
of age; he has always been engaged in farm- 
ing ; came to this county in March, 1877, 
and worked on a farm one year. Was 
married May 1, 1878, to Miss Annie 
McCann. ^Ir. Lang and wife are mem- 
bers of the Catholic Church. Politically 
he is a Democrat. He owns 160 acres 
of land, valued at $3,000. 
Lucas, J. W., for., S. 16 ; P. O. Laurel. 
Luckart, H.,far., S. 3; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

McCANN, PETER, fir., S. 8 ; P. 0. 
Laurel. 
McBROOM, J. R., merchant and 
Postmaster, Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Laurel ; 
born in Hocking Co., Ohio, Cct. 
24, 1843 ; lived there until about 
22 years of age, when he came 
to this county, and began for himself on 
a farm ; he followed that business until 
1876, when, in addition to the farm, he 
opened a stock of general merchandise, 
ac Laurel, and also took charge of the 
post office. Enlisted in Co. E, 58th Ohio 
V. I., March 13, 1865, and served seven 
months, when he was mustered out. 
Married Elizabeth Zeller March 3, 1863 ; 
they have a family of five children — 
Ellsworth M., Franklin H., Ed. V., 
Marshall C. and James R. C. Mr. Mc- 
Broom is a Republican. At present he 
holds the offices of Justice of the Peace 
and Township Clerk ; owns eighty acres 
of land, valued at S2,400. 
McMahon, M., far., S. 2 ; P. O. Marshall- 
town. 
MACE, GEORGE W., farmer, S. 
19 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in Rock- 
ingham Co., N. H., Sept. 29, 1839 ; he 
lived in that county until 1868, when 
he came with his parents to this county ; 
was engaged in farming and coast fish- 
ing, being often on the ocean all night, 
thoroughly wet through. Married Sa- 
rah E. Lamprey Nov. 26, 1866; they 
have two children — Mary E., born April 



676 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



14, 1871, and Ellis F., born Sept. 5, 
1874. Mr. Mace and wife are members 
of the United Presbyterian Church. His 
parents are both living in New Hamp- 
shire, each over 70 years old. He has 
a farm of eighty acres, valued at S35 per 
acre ; is largely engaged in raising hogs, 
and has at present over 140 head. Ev- 
idently, Mr. Mace is a thoroughly prac- 
tical farmer. 

Mann, H. T. 

Matthie. A., far. and horticulturist, S. 7 ; 
P. 0. Marshalltown. 

Matson, J. L., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Laurel. 

Maytag, D. W., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Laurel. 

Mercer, M., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Meyer, W., far., S. ] G ; P. 0. Laurel. 

lIIIiLER, FREDERICK, far. 
and wheelwright. Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown; born in Prince Lippe Det- 
mold. Germany, May 8, 1830 ; came to 
America in 1856, and settled in Ogle 
Co., 111., and worked at his trade three 
years, and balance of the time to 1867, 
when he came to this county, and since 
coming here, has been engaged in farm- 
ing. Married Amanda Botdorf Oct. 15, 
1859 ; their children are Wm. A., Anna 
R., Thomas F., Louis E., Ramsey J., 
Sarah L., Charles F. and Lucy M. Mr. 
Miller and wife are members of the Lu- 
theran Church. Mr. M. identifies him- 
self with the Republican party. He 
was one of the defenders of the Union ; 
enlisted in Company F, 15th 111. V. I., 
March 1, 1865, and served until Sept. 
16, 1865, when he was mustered out at 
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Owns 240 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre. 

Monahan, J., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

Mooney, M., far., S. 25; P. O. Gilman. 

Muuiiey, T., far., S. 25 ; P. O. G-ilman. 

9100RE, JOSEPH B., farmer, S 
12 ; P. 0. Timber Creek ; born in No- 
ble Co., Ohio, April 12, 1847 ; when 
al)out 19 years old he moved to Keokuk 
Co., Iowa, resided three years, and in Oc- 
tober, 1872, came to this county. En- 
listed in Co. K, 197th Ohio V. I., Feb. 
18, 1865, and served till July 31, 1865, 
when he was mustered out. Married 
Martha Inman July 25, 1874; she 
was born in Ohio ; their family consists 
of throe children — Thomas Wilmie, 



May and baby not named. Mrs. Moore 
is a member of the Christian Church ; 
politically Mr. M. is a Republican. He 
now owns eighty -five acres of land, val- 
ued at $25 per acre. 

NORTON, J. H., farmer, S. 35 ; P. 
Gilman. 
NEGI.Y, JOSEPH W., farmer, 
Sec. 18 ; P. 0. 3Iarshulltown ; born in 
Franklin Co., Penn., Feb. 19, 1844; 
when about 1 year old, his parents 
moved to Fulton Co., 111., taking him 
with them ; he lived there till 1867. 
when he moved to McDonough Co.; 
and in 1874 came to this county. En- 
listed in Co. B, 151st 111. V. I., in Feb- 
ruary, 18(55, and served about one year, 
when he was mustered out. Married 
Hannah Brown Nov. 12. 1866; they 
have a family of two children — Ira L. 
and Elba Roy. Politically, Mr. N. is a 
Republican. Is now Township Trustee. 
Owns 160 acres of land valued at $35 
per acre ; is largely engaged in raising 
hogs ; has at present about 100 head. 

OGAN, MARSHAL, farmer. Sec. 25 ; 
P. 0. Gihuan. 
Owings, J. D., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Laurel. 
Ogan, A., far., S. 24; P. 0. Gilman. 

P LANDER, F., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. 
Laurel. 

PAUL, DAVID, farmer. Sec. 22 ; 
P. 0. Laurel ; born in Northumberland 
Co., Penn., Aug. 20, 1829 ; moved to 
Ogle Co., 111., when 17 years old, and 
in 1851 went to Tippecanoe Co., Ind.; 
returned to Illinois in 1856, and in 1865 
came to this county ; has a farm of 360 
acres, valued at $11,000, upon which 
there is an orchard of about 500 trees ; 
also engages quite largely in stock rais- 
ing, having fifty or sixty head of cattle, 
and *from seventy-five to one hundred 
hogs. March 4, 1855, Mr. Paul 
married Sarah E. Runkle ; their family 
consists of ten children — James I., 
William H., Julia A., Mary C, John 
R., George E., Fred. G., Ida May, 
Charles C. and David H. Mr. P. and 
most of the family are members of the 
M. E. Church ; he is a Repul)lican, and 
now holds the office of Constable ; has 
also been Township Trustee several 
tenus. 

PIERCE, a. N., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. 
Gilman ; burn in Delaware Co., N. Y., 



JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 



677 



Pec. 27, 1840; moved to Henry Co., 
III., with his jnirents, when 12 years old, 
and lived there till 181)8, when he came 
to this county ; he has always been en- 
gaged in farming. Married Rosa A. 
Chalker Feb. 27, 18(J8 ; she was born 
in Trumbull Co., Ohio, June 27, 1851 ; 
they have two children — Rolla O., born 
May 10, 1870. and Edna P., June 22, 
1877. Mr. Pit'rce and wife arc mem- 
bers of the Christian Church ; political- 
ly, he is a Republican. Owns 160 acres 
of land, worth $80 per acre. 

Powers, H., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

POWERS, THOIIAS C, farmer, 
Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Laurel ; born in Ohio, 
May 24, 1829 ; moved to Michigan, and 
lived there a few years, and came to Lo- 
gan Co., 111., where he spent the larger 
part of his early life ; came to this county 
in 1854, and located where he now lives ; 
was one of the early settlers of the 
prairie. Married Elizabeth S. Cope- 
land Oct. 19, 1854; their family consists 
of Mary E., born Sept. 9, 1855 ; Amos 
E., July 15, 1862 ; Wm. R., March 18, 
1864, and Dora B., Feb. 4, 1869. Mr. 
Powers and wife are members of the 
Christian Church. Mrs. P. was born 
Sept. 25, 1834. Mr. P. is a Democrat. 
Owns 310 acres of land, valued at $35 
per acre. 

Powers, M., far., 8. 10. 

PrXXAM, N. D., farmer. Sec. 15; 
P. O. Laurel ; born in Huron Co., Ohio, 
May 18, 1832; moved to Hillsdale Co., 
Mich., and in 1853, came to this 
county, and entered his land, and in 1854, 
moved here. When he was in Michigan, 
he engaged in farming ; he now handles 
stock largely, and is a representative 
farmer. Married Miss Mary Spake 
Nov. 21, 1858 ; their family consists of 
George, born Nov. 27, 1859 ; Edgar, 
Sept. 15, 1861 ; May, June 2, 1866, 
and Grace, Jan. 5, 1870. Mr. Putnam 
is a Democrat. Owns 430 acres of land, 
valued, at $35 per acre. 

READ, J. H., S. 12; P. 0. Timber 
Creek. 
RKADOrX, F. M., farmer, Sec 11 ; 
P. 0. Timber Creek ; born in Kentucky 
July 29, 1835; lived in that State until 
he was 18 years of age, when he went to 
Sangamon Co., 111., in 1857, and en- 



gaged in farming, which he has always 
followed. Married Miss Mary E. Todd 
March 11, 1857 ; she was born April 1, 
1837; they have a family of four chil- 
dren—Henry T., born Dec. 2, 1859; 
Albert, Dec. 14, 1861 ; Mary E., Feb. 
4, 1864, and William, Feb. 24, 1866. 
Mr. R. and wife are members of the Chris- 
tian Church, in which he is Deacon. 
Came to this county in December, 1868, 
and settled in Green Castle Tp. Mr. R. 
is a Republican, and owns forty acres of 
land, valued at $1,000. 

REBBEKE, HENRY, farmer, S. 
23 ; P. 0. Laurel ; born in Hesse, Ger- 
many, Aug. 28, 1826; he came to 
America in 1853, and located in 
Chicago, and followed his trade of mason 
which he learned in Germany ; came to 
this county in 1869, and has since been 
engaged in farming. Married Miss An- 
nie Sager March 26, 1856 ; their chil- 
dren are Henry E.,born July 26, 1857 ; 
Herman W., Dec. 3, 1860 ; George A., 
May 3, 1866, and Frank R., Jan. 13, 
1873. Mr. R. and wife are members of 
the M. E. Church at Laurel. He is a 
Republican in politics. Owns eighty 
acres of land, worth $2,000. 

Reifschneider, G., far., Sec. 34 ; P. 0. 
Laurel. 

Ryles, J. B., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Laurel. 

Rogers, J. F., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Laurel. 
1 APP, E. H., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Gil- 



S^ 



Schnell, C, far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Laurel. 

Shultz, G., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Laurel. 

Simcox, B., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Timber 
Creek. 

SMITH, DAVID W., farmer, Sec. 
14 ; P. 0. Timber Creek ; born in 
Owens Co., Ind., March 12, 1846 ; his 
father, A. J. Smith, came to this county 
in the Spring of 1849, but first came to 
Jasper Co., in 1847, bringing David 
with him ; this county in fact has 
always been his home. He married Miss 
Sarah Birks Dec. 5, 1867 ; they have 
five children — Phobe A., Charles L., 
Minnie M., George F. and John E. 
Mr. Smith and wife are members of the 
Christian Church. He has always been 
a Republican. Owns 163 acres of land, 
valued at $35 per acre. 

Smith, P. G., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 



678 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY ; 



STALIiCOP, l>AVII>, former, 
Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Laurel ; born in Clay 

Co., , Aug. 20, 1837 ; came to 

this State with his parents in 1844, and 
located in Clinton Co., and spent his 
early life on a farm. Enlisted in Co. C, 
1st Mo. Engineers, and served mostly in 
Quartermaster's department ; was mus- 
tered out in Aug., 18G4. Came to this 
county in June, 18(58, and on Sept. 10, 
18G8, married Nancy M. Couch ; they 
have no fan)ily. Mr. S. is a Repub- 
lican. Owns 100 acres of land, valued 
at S35 per acre, upon which there is an 
orchard of 100 trees; has always been 
engaged in farming, except a year or 
two, while in the mercantile business. 

Stoltzman, C, far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Horn. 

TALSTEDT, U., ftu"., S. 26; P. 0. 
Gilman. 

WARD, THOMAS, farmer, S. 2 ; P. 
0. Mavshalltown. 

WE DC,} WOOD, SAMUEL B., 

farmer. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; 
born in Merrimack Co., N. H., Dec. 30, 
1812 ; lived in that county until 1858, 
when he moved to Putnam Co., 111., re- 
maining there about eighteen months, 
he came to this county in the Fall of 
1859, and located in Taylor Tp., and in 
18G2, came to his present farm. Mar- 
ried Hannah H. Sanborn March 7, 
1847 ; they had a family of four chil- 
dren — Jeremiah S., Warren P., Sanborn 
L. and George M. Mrs. W. died April 
19, 1867; on the 15th of Oct., 1875, 
Mr. W. married Martha M. Bartlett. 
Mr. W. and wife are members of the 
Free-Will Baptist Church ; in politics, 
he is a Republican. He has a fine 
grove around the buildings, and an or- 
chard of 158 trees ; owns 240 acres of 
land, valued at S35 per acre. 

Weisenburger, C, far., 26 , P. 0. Laurel. 

Welp, B. H., far., S. 6 ; P. O. Marshall- 
town. 

Wells, C. W., far., S. 29 ; P. O Laurel. 

Wells, J. S., far., S. 20 ; P. O. Laurel. 

WHALEY, GI'^OKi^E P., far.. 

Sec. 2 ; P. O. Mar.shalltown ; born in 
Meigs Co., Ohio, Sept. 21, 1847 ; when 
about eight years old, he moved to 
Poweshiek Co., Iowa, witli his parents, 
and in 1857, came to this county. Mar- 
ried Emily J. Lantis March 13, 1870 ; 
they have four children — William M., 



Charles H., Rosa A. and Sarah L. In- 
dependent in politics. Owns eighty acres 
of land, valued at S2,000. 

WHALEl , WILLIAM H., far., 

Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in 
Wood Co., West Va., Oct. 21, 1816 ; 
when about sixteen years old, he moved to 
Meigs Co., Ohio, and in 1855, to Powe- 
shiek Co, Iowa ; has always been en- 
gaged in farming ; came to this county 
in May, 1857, and now owns 171 acres 
of land, valued at $4,000 ; deals in stock, 
usually having from twenty-five to fifty 
head of cattle, and from sixty to eighty 
head of hogs ; has an orchard of 250 
trees. Married Miss Louisa C. Thomp- 
son June 1, 1843 ; they have a family 
of seven children — George P., Francis 
E., John B., Henry H., Edgar E., 
Marion A. and David A. Mr. Wha- 
ley is independent in politics. 

Wilkins, H. M., far., S. 35; P. 0. Gil- 
man. 

WILLIAMS, ALEX., farmer, S. 
24 ; P. 0. Gilman ; born in Westmore- 
land Co., Penn., Aug. 20, 1838 ; came 
to this State with his parents and located 
in Davenport, where he helped his father 
work at the blacksmith trade ; spent 
five years in California, and in 1865, 
came to this county and located on his 
present farm ; now owns 250 acres of 
land, valued at $7,500 ; is extensively 
engaged iu raising stock ; also has an 
orchard of about 300 trees. Married 
Miss Rebecca H. Reed Feb. 10, 1870 ; 
they have two children — Cora, born 
June 22, 1872 ; Sara, born July 31, 
1877. Mrs. W. is a member of the M. 
E. Church, and he of the Christian 
Churcli ; Republican in politics. 

WILLIAMS, W. B., former Sec. 
12 ; P. 0. Timber Creek ; born in West- 
moreland Co., Penn., April 27, 1846; 
Moved to Scott Co., Iowa, in the Fall of 
1852, and in 1859, located in White- 
side Co., 111.; his father was a black- 
smith, and worked at the trade in Dav- 
enport for several years. Mr. W. en- 
listed in Co. B, 9th I. V. C, Oct. 23, 
1863, for three years, but was mustered 
out March 23, 1866, at Little Rock, 
Ark. Married Miss Nancy E. Ferguson 
May 7, 1872, she is a daughter of J. 
J. FergTison, of Timber Creek Tp., and 
was born in this county Feb. 12, 1850 ; 



LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 



679 



they have one child — Sarah L., born 
Jan. 23, 1877. Mrs. W. is a member 
of the Christian Church. He is a Re- 
publican, and is now Trustee of the 



Township. Owns 125 acres of land, 
valued at $80 per acre. 
Wintersteen, W. H., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. 
Laurel. 



LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 



ABBOTT, 0. J., farmer, S. 18 ; P. 
0. Illinois Grove. 
Adams, N. D., ftir., S. 12; P. 0. Bangor. 
Andrews Cyrus, far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Bevins 

Grove. 
Antes, F. *S., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Bevins 
Grove. 

BACON, CLABK, far., S. 7 ; P. 0. 
Illinois Grove. 

Bates, Wm., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Bangor. ' 

Bartine, A. A., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Illinois 
Grove. 

Benner, John, far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Bevins 
Grove. 

BEVIXS, HENRY% Sec. 22; 
P. 0. Bevins Grove ; owns 300 acres 
of land, valued at $30 per acre ; born 
in Greenbrier Co., Va., in 1809 ; came 
to Iowa in 1840, and settled in Wash- 
ington Co.; removed to Marshall Co. in 
1849. Married Phoebe Smith in 1829 ; 
she was born in Pickaway Co., Ohio, in 
1815 ; have two children — William H., 
and Charlotte. Mr. B. was one of the 
Board of Supervisors two years. Dem- 

Bevins, Wm. H., for., S. 22 ; P. 0. Bevins 

Grove. 
Brace, Russell, far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Bevins 

Grove. 
Breen, John, far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Bevins 

Grove. 
Breen, Richard, far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Bevins 

Grove. 
Bryant, J. A., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Minerva. 

CHANCE, THOMAS P., farmer, S. 
4; P.O. Illinois Grove. 
Clark, Geo. E., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Illinois 

Grove. 
Clark, G. C, far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Minerva. 
Clark, M. R., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Minerva. 
CLEMEJ^S, PERLOXZO, Sec. 

35 ; P. 0. Bevins Grove ; owns 260 

acres of land, valued at $35 per acre ; 

born in Decatui Co., Ind., in 1830; 

came to Iowa in 1856 ; married Ella 



Smith in 1852 ; she was born in 
Decatur Co., Ind., in 1835 ; have six 
children — Mary Ellen, Belle, Sarah, 
Nancy Jane, Wm. H. and Nora A. Are 
members of Christian Church ; Repub- 
lican. 

Cox. W. R., for., S. 12 ; P. 0. Bangor. 

CRAH, A. E., blacksmith, Sec. 27 ; 
born in Roxbury, Vt., in 1832 ; came 
to Iowa in 1865. Married Sarah Judd 
in 1859 ; she was born in Randolph, 
Vt., in 1842 ; have two children — James 
E. and Mary A. Enlisted in Co. G, 8th 
Vermont in 1861, and discharged in 
1865. Republican. 

DAVORS, CHARLES H., farmer, S. 
35 ; P. 0. Minerva. ' 
Davis, William H., farmer, S. 25 ; P. 0. 

Bangor. 
Drew, Michael, farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. 

Bevins Grove. 
Dunn, Henry, farmer. Sec. 3 [ P. 0. Bevins 

Grove. 
Dunn, Hugh, far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Bevins 

Grove. 
Dunn, James, E.,far. ; P. 0. Bevins Grove. 
Dunn, James Jr., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Bevins 

Grove. 
Dunn, John, farmer, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. 

Bevins Grove. 
Dunn, Patrick, farmer ; P. 0. Bevins 

Grove. 
Dunn, Thomas, farmer, Sec. 10 ; P. O. 

Bevins Grove. 
Dunn, William, far., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Bevins 

Grove. 

FARBER, HENRY, farmer, Sec. 9 ; 
P. 0. Illinois Grove. 

Farber, L. 0., far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Bevins 
Grove. 

Farber, Thomas H., farmer, Sec. 16; P. 0. 
Illinois Grove. 

FliETCHER, JAMES, farmer. 
Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Bevins Grove ; owns 
eighty acres of land, valued at $20 per 
acre ; born in England in 1825 ; came 



680 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



to America in 1856 ; removed to his 
present farm in 1871. Married Eliza- 
beth Heudershot in 1863 ; she was 
born in New Jersey in 1834; have four 
children — Willie, Isaac N., Emma and 
Eddie. Mrs. F. has three children by 
a former husband — George, Mary and 
Anna. Are members of the Christian 
Church ; Republican. 

Frayer, J. W., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Illinois 
Grove. 

r^ ARBER, JONATHAN, farmer^^ 

I jr Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Bangor. 

Gaunt, 0. E., far., S. 34 ; P. Bevins 
Grove. 

Gillmore, Thos., far.; P. 0. Illinois Grove. 

Gillmore, Wm., far.; P. 0. Illinois Grove. 

Gormon, John, far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Illinois 
Grove. 

HARRIS, JAMES, former. Seel; 
P. 0. Bangor. 

HAXCE, THOMAS, farmer, Sec. 
26 ; P. 0. Bevins Grove ; owns 275 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre ; 
born in Ontario Co., N. Y., in 1825 ; 
came to Iowa in 1855. Married Eve- 
line Kennett in 1850 ; she was born in 
Ohio in 1824 ; have three children — 
Mary E., Mattie K. and William K. 
Are members of the Friends' Church ; 
Republican. 

Herlocker, H. B. F., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. 
Bangor. 

Holcomb, Wm., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Illinois 
Grove. 

HOWARD, HENRY, farmer, Sec 
10 ; P. 0. Bangor ; owns 100 acres and 
an undivided half of 320 acres of land, 
valued at S30 per aci'e ; born is Harri- 
son Co., Ohio, in 1841 ; came to Iowa 
in 1853. Married Jennie Adams in 
1872 ; she was born in North Carolina ; 
have three children — James, Lenora and 
Menella. Wife is a member of the 
Friends' Church; Republican. 

HOWARD, H. J., farmer, See. 14; 
P. 0. Bangor ; owns 120 acres of land, 
valued at S30 per acre ; born in Harri- 
son Co., Ohio, in 1840 ; came to Iowa 
in 1853. Married E. Ady in 1877; 
she was born in Belmont Co., Ohio, in 
1845 ; have one child — Albert, born in 
1878. Mr. H. is a member of the 
Christian Church and his wife of the 
M. E. Church. Has held the offices of 
Clerk and Assessor. 



HOWARD, J. S., Sec. 2; P. 0- 
Bangor ; owns 320 acres of land, valued 
at $30 per acre ; born in Jefferson Co., 
Ohio, in 1826 ; came to Iowa in 1867, 
and settled on his present farm. In 1877, 
married Samantha Chance ; she was 
born in Jefferson Co., Ohio, in 1848; 
have one child — Harry B. Mr. H. had 
four children by a former marriage — 
Addison J., J. W., Marion C. and John 
J. Republican. 

JONES, W. D., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Min- 
erva. 
Jordan, T., far., S. 18; P. 0. Illinois 
Grove. 

KERSEY, H. M., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. 
Illinois Grove. 

Kersey, J. L., farmer ; P. O. Illinois 
Grove. 

King, J., farmer, S. 26 ; P. O. Bevins 
Grove. 

Kinney, H. W., farmer; P. 0. Illinois 
Grove. 

KIIVZER, J. H., Sec. 12 ; P. 0. 
Bangor; owns 160 acres of land, valued 
at $35 per acre ; born in Indiana in 
1850 ; came to Iowa in 1855. Married 
Hannah Howard in 1876 ; she was born 
in Harrison Co., Ohio, in 1852 ; have 
two children — Roland J. and Addie. 
Republican. 

LACEY, J. W., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Illi- 
nois Grove. 
Lent, G., far., S. 26; P. 0. Bevins 

Grove. 
Link, Chas. E., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Bevins 

Grove. 
Liston, E., far., S. 10; P. 0. Bevins 

Grove. 
Lyon, P., farmer; P. 0. Bevins Grove. 
^cDONALD, M., far., Illinois Grove. 



M' 



McCAIX, A. B., farmer, Sec. 14; 
P. 0. Bevins Grove ; owns eighty acres 
of land, valued at $30 per acre ; born in 
Armstrong Co., Penn., in 1834 ; came 
to Iowa in 1856. Married Sarah P. 
Ford in 1864 ; she was born in Howard 
Co., Ind., in 1844; have seven children 
— Owen, Jo., Ben., Add, P]ffie Maud, 
Isabella M., Elizabeth G. and Fanny. 
Are members of Methodist Church. En- 
listed in Company H, 13th Iowa V. I., 
in 1S61, and was wounded in the battle 
ofShiloh, and was discharged in 1863 
on that account. 



LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 



681 



McLaughlin, James, Bovins Grove. 

McMannis, J, far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Bevins 
(rrove. 

McMillen, E.W., far., S. 13 ; P.O. Bangor. 

MABIE, A. J., Sec. 32; P. 0. 
Bevins Grove ; owns 120 acres of land, 
valued at S20 per acre ; born in Indiana 
in 1852; came to Iowa in 1869. He 
mairied Georgiana Evans in 1874 ; she 
was born in Marshall Co., Iowa, in 
1857; have one child — George. Re- 
publican. 

Mackin, Jas., far., S. 19; P. 0. Illinois 
Grove. 

Mackin, Jahn T., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Illi- 
nois Grove. 

Macy, I. N.,far. S. 13 ; P. O. Bangor. 

Mathews, C, far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Illinois 
Grove. 

Meekins, Jesse, far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Illinois 
Grove. 

MOONEY, SAMUEL, Sec. 27; 
P.O. Bevins Grove; owns 210 acres, 
valued at ^25 per acre ; born in Carroll 
Co., Ind., in 1837 ; came to Iowa in 
1855. Married Sarah Clemons in 
1860; she was born in Decatur Co., 
Ind., in 18-13 ; have seven children — 
Nancy, Lorella, Anna, Elizabeth, John, 
William and Dora. Mr. M. enlisted 
in Co. B, 11th I. V. I., in 1861, and 
was discharged in 1864. Has held the 
offices of Justice and Constable. Are 
members of the Christian Church. 

Moran, J., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Bangor. 

NORTON, LEVI, far., S. 18 ; P. 
Bangor. 
PARKS, H. P., farmer, S., 2 ; P. 0. 
Bangor. 

PERRY, A. A., far., S. 23 ; P. O. 
Bevins Grove; owns 1672 acres of 
land, valued at $30 per acre ; born in 
Saratoga Co., N. Y., in 1831 ; came to 
Iowa in 1869, and settled on present 
farm. Married Josephine Sherb in 
1859 ; she was born in Germany in 
18-42; have six children — Earl S., 
Frank A., Carrie M., Willie B., Roy A.' 
and Fred D. Mr. P. and family are 
members of the Christian Church. He 
enlisted in Co. D, 20th I. V. I., in 
1862 ; discharged in 1865. Greenback. 

Perry, S., far., S. 23; P. 0. Bevins 
Grove. 

PIERCE, A. R., farmer. Sec. 15 ; P. 
0. Btn'ins Grove ; owns 737 acres of 



land, valued at $30 per acre ; born in 
Randolph Co., Ind., in 1832 ; came to 
Iowa in 1851. Married Charlotte 
Bevins, in 1855 ; she was born in Illi- 
nois, in 1836 ; have seven children — 
M.C. H., Thomas J., Adenia, Clara, 
Phoebe, William E. and Mary. Are 
members of Universalist Church ; Re- 
publican. Has held the offices of Justice, 
Clerk, Postmaster, etc. 

RASH, W. W., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. 
Bangor. 

RALEY, ABXER, farmer, Sec. 
14 ; P. 0. Bangor ; owns seventy-nine 
acres of land, valued at $28 per acre ; 
born in Harrison Co., Ohio, in 1833 ; 
came to Iowa in 1854. Married Mary 
Moorman, in 1867 ; she was born in 
Indiana, in 1840, and died in 1877 ; 
have three children — Phoebe A., Thos., 
and Eli. Are members of Friends' 
Church ; Republican. 

RALEY, ROBERT, farmer, Sec. 
13; P. 0. Bangor; owns 340 acres of 
land, valued at $25 per acre ; born in 
Harrison Co., Ohio, in 1828 ; came to 
Iowa in 1854. Married Martha Hull 
in 1863; she was born in Cayuga Co., 
N. Y., in 1828. Are members of 
Friends' Church ; Republican. 

Reed, J. S., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Illinois 
Grove. 

Riant, J. W., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Illinois 
Grove. 

Roberts, R. R., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Illinois 
Grove. 

Rockhill, D. D.,far., S. 3: P. 0. Union. 

SMITH, A., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Bevins 
Grove. 

SAINT, JOHN Q., farmer. Sec. 29 ; 
P. 0. Bevins Grove ; owns 160 acres 
of land, valued at $20 per acre ; born 
in Henry Co., Ind., in 1847; came to 
Iowa in 1870. Married Lydia Gordon 
in 1870 ; she was born in Henry Co., 
Ind., in 1851 ; have one child — Nanna 
Maud. Members of Friends' Church. 
Republican. 

Smith, A., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Bevins Grove. 

Smith, C. M., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Bevins 
Grove. 

SMITH, H. H., farmer. Sec. 15 ; P. 
0. Bevins Grove ; owns 245 acres of 
land, valued at $25 per acre ; born in 
Decatur Co., Ind., in 1831 ; came to 
Iowa in 1855, and settled on his present 



682 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



farm. Married Elizabeth Majile in 
1855 ; she was born in Columbiana Co., 
Ohio, in 1833; have seven children — 
Catherine, Frank, George, Gay, Edna, 
Ira and Jessie. Are members of 
the Christian Church ; Democrat in 
politics. Hfis been Justice, Trustee, 

Smith, R. B., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Bangor. 
Springer, Philip, farmer, Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 

Bevins Grove. 
Spurgeon, John A., farmer. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. 

Bangor. 
Stevens, Daniel, far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Bevins 

Grove. 

TIGHT, G. A., farmer, Sec. 17 ; P. 0. 
Illinois Grove. 

TEAGAR, DAVID, Sec. H5; P. 
0. Bevins Grove ; owns 700 acres of 
land, valued at $25 per acre ; born in 
Lewis Co., Ky., in 1820 ; came to Iowa 
in 1856. Married Mary Bryant in 
1861 ; have five children — Mary, Rosa 
B., Minnie L., Lutie J. and L. M. ; 
has five by a former wife — Owen, Geo. 
L., Thomas, Alice and Harlan. Are 
members of Christian Church ; Demo- 
crat. 

TURNER, G. A., Sec. 23 ; P. 0. 
Bangor ; owns 240 acres, valued at $30 
per acre ; born in Fulton Co., 111., in 
1843; came to Iowa in 1867. Married 
Maggie Garber in 1870; she was born 
in Washington Co., Penn., in 1847 ; 
have one child — Ella F., born in 1876. 
Are members of the Disciple Church. 
Enlisted in the United States army in 
18()2 and served about two years. Has 
held the office of Assessor six years and 
is Town Clerk. Re[)ublican. 

TEAGAR, G. L.., Dec. 33 ; P. 0. 
Bevins Grove ; owns eighty acres of 
land, valued at S25 per acre ; born in 
Kentucky in 1847; came to Iowa in 
1856. Married Elizabeth Lindley in 
1866 ; she was born in Illinois in 1843 ; 
have one child by adoption — Flora J. 
Are members of the Christian Church ; 
Democrat. 



TEAGAR, T. J., Sec. 33 ; P. 0- 
Bevins Grove; owns eighty acres of 
land, valued at $25 per acre; born in 
Kentucky in 1853; came to Iowa in 
1856. Married Isabel Clemens in 
1874; she was born in Decatur Co., 
Ind., in 1857; have two children — 
John D. and one infant. Are mem- 
bers of the Christian Church ; Demo- 
crat. 

Tight, James J., farmer, S. 8 ; P. 0. Illi- 
nois (jrrove. 

TrRXER, WM. H., Sec. 25; P 
0. Bangor ; owns 120 acres of land, 
valued at $30 per acre ; born in Fulton 
Co., III., in 1836 ; came to Iowa in 
1865, and settled on present farm. Mar- 
ried Cordelia A. Cunningham in 1866; 
she was born in Buffalo, N. Y., in 
1840; have six children — Mary J., 
Henrietta, Lewis H., Thomas B., Jessie 
andPhuibeA. Republican. 

VERNOCKER, G. W., far., S. 17 ; 
P. 0. Illinois Grove 
WHITE, G. AV., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. 
Bangor. 

WEIDES, XICHOEAS, Sec 14; 

P. 0. Bangor ; owns eighty acres of land, 
valued at $30 per acre ; born in Ger- 
many in 1835 ; came to America in 
1852; settled in Bangor Township in 
1868. Married MeUs>a J. Penning- 
ton in 1875 ; she was born in Texas in 
1842 ; she is a member of the Baptist 
Church. Enlisted in Co. I, 11th 111. 
V. C. in 1861, and was discliarged in 
1865. Democrat. 

WOOLHISER, J. A., Sec 12 ; P. 
O. Bangor ; owns 260 acres of land, val- 
ued at $30 per acre ; born in Delaware 
Co., N. Y., in 1844 ; came to Iowa in 
1870. Married Eliza J. Boyd in 1 865 \ 
she was born in Allegany Co., N. Y., 
in 1846. Enlisted in Co. C, N. Y. V. 
I., in 1861. and discharged in 1865, 
and had a commission of First Lieuten- 
ant. Republican. 

Wright, C, far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Minerva. 



MARIETTA TOWNSHIP. 



683 



MARIETTA TOWNSHIP. 



A XKRUM, JOHN W., far , S 

1\ 7 ; P. 0. Albion ; was born in Bel- 
mont, Ohio, Jan. 23, 1830, and came to 
this county in 1850, and owns IGO acres 
of land in this Section and 822 acres 
in Sec. 18, also 28 acres of woodland. 
His wife, Elizabeth Cook, was born in 
Vermilion Co., 111., May 27, 1836; 
they were married July 8, 1 852 ; their 
children are George, born April 30, 
1854; Charles F., born July 1, 
1856; William I., Sept. U, 1860; Al- 
bert, Dec. 15, 1862 ; Harrison, Jan. 
15,1864; Emily, May 6, 1867; Ar- 
mina, April 24, 1870; EUwood. June 
12, 1873, and Ho, Sept. 16, 1876. 

BAKER, WM., far.. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. 
State Centre. 

BABCOCK, PI.OIPTON,farm- 
er. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. State Centre ; born 
in Ohio in 1844; came to this county 
in 1874. Republican and Greenback er 
in politics ; religion, Congregationalist. 
Owns 160 acres of land, valued at $30 
per acre. Enlisted in Co. A, 10th 
Wisconsin, in 1861 ; mustered from 10th 
Regiment Infantry in 1863 into Missis- 
sippi Marine Brigade as Sergeant ; was 
umstered out in January, 1865. Mar- 
ried Martha M. Dresser Oct. 22, 1869 ; 
she was born in Tioga Co., N. Y., Oct. 
2, 1852, and is a Congregationalist ; 
their children are Helen May, born 
in Boone Co. Oct. 24, 1870 ; Mary 
Bertha, born in Boone Co. Aug. 1, 
1872; flara Stella, born in Marshall 
Co. Nov. 1, 1873; Ira Robert, born in 
Marshall Co. Dec. 19, 1876. 

BAKER, JOHX, farmer. Sec. 18 ; 
P. 0. State Centre ; was born in Prussia 
July 24, 1836 ; he came to this country 
in 1857, and to this county in 1865 ; he 
owns eighty acres of land, valued at $25 
per acre. His wife, Theresa Tissler, was 
born in France in 1846 ; had three 
children — Lydia C, born Nov. 8, 1861 ; 
John H., born Jan. 14, 1864 ; Earnest, 
born Jan. 26, 1866 ; wife died m 
August, 1871. Married second wife, 
Olamp Letourneaux ; she was born 
May 28, 1852. Married in September, 
1871^ have three children — Samuel, 
born June 11, 1874; William, born 



April 5, 1876 ; Leonard, bron Dec. 4, 
1877. 

Baldwin, Chas., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Albion. 

Baldwin, Charles, far., S. 33; P. 0. La- 
moille. 

Bailey, J. J., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Marietta. 

BALL., ABRAM, farmer. Sec. 36 ; 
P. 0. Marslialltowu ; born in Columbi- 
ana Co., Ohio, in 1817; came to this 
county in 1860. Politics, Republican. 
Owns eighty-five acres of land. Wife, 
Tamar Johnson ; born in same county 
Jan. 3, 1818 ; they were married in 
1839, October 31; have four children — 
Thomas F., born Nov. 7, 1840 ; Anna 
Elizabeth, born Dec. 19, 1841 ; Theo- 
dore R., born March 17, 1846; Mary 
C, born Jan. 9, 1848. Mr. Ball was 
Trustee of this township two years. His 
farm is under a high state of cultiva- 
tion. 

Ball, T. F., far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Marshall- 
town. 

BEITLER, EVAXS, far., S. 23; 
P. 0. Marietta ; born in Chester Co., 
Penn., Feb. 8,1830, came to this county 
in 1863 ; owns eighty acres of land, 
valued at $40 per acre. He is a mem- 
ber of the Society of Friends. His 
wife, Mary Atkinson, was born in Har- 
rison Co., Ohio ; they were married in 
1874 ; they have two children — Hannah, 
born Jan. 11, 1875; Laura, May 10, 
1876. Mr. Beitler has been School 
Director four years and Road Super- 
visor; also Trustee of the township. 
He is a very good business man and 
well worthy of the offices that he holds ; 
his farm is under a high state of culti- 
vation. 

Bennett, J. C, far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Albion. 

BENSON, GEORCJE, farmer. Sec. 
27; P. 0. Lamoille; born in Oxford- 
shire, Eng., Oct. 26, 1848 ; came to 
this country in 1865. Politics, Inde- 
pendent; religion, Primitive Methodist. 
Owns eighty acres of land, valued at 
§30 per acre. Has been School Director. 
Married Mary Durkee March 9, 1871 ; 
she was born in Jefferson Co., Wis., 
in 1854 ; children — William Alexander, 
born Feb. 21, 1873 ; Hattie May, Dec. 
6, 1875; Fanny, May 23, 1877. 



684 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



BEX SOX, THOMAS, farmer, Sec. 
27 ; P. 0. Lamoille ; born in Oxford- 
shire, Eng., in 1836 ; came to this 
country in 1 8G0 ; lived in Wisconsin 
one year, then enlisted in Co. H, 3d 
AVis. V. I., and served two years ; was 
wounded at the battle of Antietam, and 
discharged on account of wound. Lived 
in Wisconsin two years more, then came 
to this county in 1865. Is a Repub- 
lican Greenbacker, and owns eighty acres 
of land in Sec. 27, and 120 acres in Sec. 
34, value $30 per acre. Married Delia 
Bohnsack Dec. 31, 1871 ; she was born 
in the State of Brunswick, Germany, in 
1852 ; have two children — James W., 
born Sept. 30, 1872 ; Jonathan E., 
April 23, 1876. 

Berber, S., far., Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Marietta. 

Bishop, B. J., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Lamoille- 

Bishop, M., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Lamoille- 

BISHOP, THOMAS, farmer, Secs- 
27 and 28; P. 0. Lamoille; born in 
Delaware in 1 805 ; came to this county 
in 1854 ; is Republican in politics; be- 
longs to the Quaker Society ; owns 175 
acres of land, valued at $25 per acre. 
Married Eleanor Gox'mly in 1828. 
Children are John M., born in 
1829; Elmira, 1836; Hannah, 1841; 
David G., 1843; Benjamin J., 1846. 

Brackett, C, far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Marietta. 

Braddock, Martin, farmer. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. 
Marietta. 

Bright, A., far., Sec. 34 ; P. O. Lamoille. 

Bruce, G. T., far., Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Albion. 

Butler, C, far., S. 10; P. 0. Lamoille. 

Butler, E., far., S. 23; P. 0. Marietta. 

CARTER, HENRY, farmer, Sec. 14; 
P. 0. Marietta. 
Carter, John, far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Marietta. 
Carter, Johial, far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Marietta. 
Carter, Mordecai, farmer, Sec. 16 ; P. 0. 

Marietta. 
Chicester, James C, farmer. Sec. 35 ; P. 

COPE, JOSEPH, farmer. Sec. 7 ; 
P. 0. Albion ; was born April 7, 1813, 
in Columbiana Co., Ohio, and came to 
this county in 1854, and owns 100 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre. 
His wife, Sarah Brown, was born in 
Belmont Co., Ohio, in 1830, and were 
married in 1853; children's names are 
Franklin B., born Aug. 15, 1854; 
Oliver W., June 4, 1857 ; George M., 



Oct. 7, 1858 ; William D., in January^ 

• 1861 ; Mary Ann, Jan. 4, 1863 ; Eugene 
G., Jan. 6, 1865; Abraham L., April 
29, 1867; Sarah Alice, Feb. 1, 1869, 
and Amy Jane, Oct. 14, 1871. 

COrL.TER, AMOS, far., Sec. 33; 
P. 0. Lamoille; born in Berkeley Co., 
Va., June 22, 1812 ; came to this county 
in 1859. Is a Greenbacker in politics, 
and Methodist in religion. Owns 400 
acres of land, valued at $2,500. His 
wife, Sarah E., was born in Virginia. 
They were married June 16, 1834; 
children are Samuel Joseph, born 
May 25, 1836 ; Ann Rebecca, Oct. 23, 
1838 ; Cornelia Elizabeth, March 27, 
1847; John A., March 3, 1850; 
Charles L., Aug. 15, 1852 ; Alice V., 
May 5, 1856; Amos B., July 3, 1859. 
Mr. Coulter is a very intelligent farmer 
and has his farm well cultivated. 

Coulter, S. J., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

Cotton, D., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Marietta. 

Cover, Wm. P., far.; P. 0. Marietta. 

DE HAVEN, JACOB, flirmer. Sec. 
18 ; P. 0. Marietta. 

Dennis, Wm., far.; P. 0. Marietta. 

DIXOX, JOSHUA, farmer, Sec. 
6 ; P. 0. Albi(m ; was born in Colum- 
biana Co., Ohio, Oct. 26, 1841 ; came 
to this county in 1862. Republican in 
politics; member of the M. E. Church. 
He owns 200 acres of land, valued at 
$25 per acre. His first wife, Loretta P. 
Phelps, was born in 1839 ; they were 
married in 1868; they had four chil- 
dren — Newton E., born Dec. 6, 1869; 
Phebe A., April 14, 1872; Lot Elmer, 
March 17, 1873, and Arthur, April 8, 
1864. His first wife died in 1874. 
Married his second wife, Emaline A. 
Gloss, March 28, 1876 ; she was bora 
Oct. 25, 1849 ; they have one child — 
Inez May, born Jan. 24, 1877. 

ELLIOTT, JARED, farmer. Sec. 17 ; 
P. 0. Marietta. 
EBSAI.1., XATHAN, farmer,' 
shoemaker and fruit raiser, Sec. 22 ; P. 
0. Lamoille; was born in Sussex Co.,- 
N. J., March 24, 1832 ; came to this 
county in 1865; owns eighty acres of 
land, valued at $40 per acre. Member 
of the Society of Friends ; Republican 
in politics. His wife, Susan H. Pear- 
son, was born Aug. 13, 1833, in Colum- 
biana Co., Ohio ; they were married ia 



MARIETTA TOWNSHIP. 



685 



1855 ; tluir children iire Horace P., born 
in Ohio Auti-. 2, 1858 ; Mattie H., born 
in Ohio Jan. 1, 1861 ; Mary L., born 
in Marshall Co., Iowa, Aug. 25, 1868. 
Mr. Edsall has been Justice of the Peace 
six year. School Director two years and 
also Township Clerk ; was a school 
teacher in his younger days in Pennsylva- 
nia, and is a smart and active business man. 

Elliott, John, far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

Elliott, Milton, far., S. 17 ; P. O. Marietta. 

Ellsworth, C, Sr., fiir.; P. 0. Marietta. 

FLORA, T. J., farmer, Sec. 36 ; 
P. 0. State Centre ; born in Henry 
Co., Penn., in 1852; came to Jasper 
Co. in 1865 ; afterward came to this 
county in 1 869. Married Tilly Brook in 
1876 ; she was born in Jasper Co., in 
1859; they have one child — Nelly, born 
April 19, 1877. He rents this farm of 
120 acres, and has it under a high state 
of cultivation. 

FRICKE, CHRISTIAN, farmer, 
Sec. 19; P. 0. Stale Centre; was born 
in Brunswick, Germany, July 12, 1832 ; 
came to this country in 1853, and came 
to this county in 1865 ; he owns 220 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre. 
He is Lutheran in religion and Repub- 
lican in politics. His wife, Caroline 
Shaper, was born in the same place in 
1833 ; they were married in 1857, and 
have nine children — William, born June 
20, 1859; Charles, Nov. 12, 1860; 
Louis, Sept. 9, 1862 ; Louise, March 
31, 1864; Wilmena, March 25, 1866; 
Johana, Feb. 15, 1868 ; Edward, Feb. 
19, 1872; Frederick, April 15, 1874; 
Ernest, Oct. 14, 1876. 

r^ IBSON, HENRY, farmer. Sec. 13 ; 

\~jr p. 0. Marietta 

GOECKE^, HENRY, farmer, See. 
20 ; P. 0. Lamoille ; was born Sept. 
30, 1843, and came to this county in 
1866 ; owns 160 acres of land, valued 
at S30 per acre. Is a member of the 
Lutheran Church. His wife, Minnie 
Thomas, was born July 17, 1845, in 
Germany ; they were married June 7, 
1868 ; their children's names are Henry, 
born Aug. 2, 1875 ; William, born Dec. 
2, 1876. 

Goodwin, R., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Bevins 
Grove. 

HADDOCK, T., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. 
Marietta. 



Haddock, T. J., far., S. 20; P. O. Mar- 
ietta. 

Hall, A. H., far.. Marietta. 

Hall, H. B., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Albion. 

HALL, STEPHEN W., farmer, S. 
34 ; P. O. Lamoille ; born in Lorain 
Co., Ohio ; Nov. 18, 1834 ; came to this 
county in 1854. Greenbacker in poli- 
tics ; Spiritualist in religion. Owns 120 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre. 
Married Jane Gier Oct. 1, 1856; she 
was born Nov. 17, 1828 ; no family. 

HAMBLETOX, LEWIS, farm- 
er, S. 7 ; P. 0. Albion ; was born in 
Columbiana Co., Ohio, Jan. 2, 1822 ; came 
to this county in 1864 ; he owns 164 
acres of land here, and ten acres in Sec. 
2, valued at $30 per acre. His wife 
(Eliza A. McMillan) was born in York 
Co., Penn., May 28, 1828 ; were married 
Sept. 9, 1851 ; children — EnosW.,born 
Sept. 4, 1853 ; Hannah J., born Nov. 
24, 1855 ; Ida A., born Jan. 8, 1858 ; 
Sarah E., born July 28, 1860; 
Benjamin K., born July 24, 1862 ; 
George H., born Aug. 31, 1864; Ella, 
born Oct. 16, 1866 ; Mary, born Dec. 
19, 1868 ; William M., born April 12, 
1870 ; James L., born Jan. 4, 1874. 
The McMillan Circulating Library con- 
tains over 200 volumes ; founded by Dr. 
U. G. McMillan, of Washington, D. C; 
this library is particularly under the di- 
rection of Mrs. Hambleton, and is in- 
creasing from year to year, in which 
may be found a few rare books, picked 
up by the founder in his extensive trav- 
els. 

Hayworth, R., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

HENNIS, H. C former. Sec. 30 ; 
P. 0. State Centre ; was born in Hano- 
ver, Germany ; came to this county in 
1868. Is a Republican in politics, and 
Lutheran in religion. He owns eighty 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre. 
His wife (Amelia Thomas) was born in 
Brunswick, Germany, in 1854 ; they were 
married in 1871, and have four children 
—Henry, born March 22, 1872; Em- 
ma, born Oct. 6, 1874; August, born 
June 16, 1875, and William, born Feb. 
6, 1877. 

Hixon, N. L., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

Hixon, Geo. J., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Mari- 
etta. 



■686 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY: 



Hixon, J. S., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Alluon. 
Hobbs, J. F., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Albion. 
Hole, Jesse, far.. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Marietta. 
Hole, J. L., far.. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Marietta. 
HOLE, O. H., former, Sec. 16; P. 
0. Lamoille ; born Oct. 10, 18-14, in Co- 
lumbiana Co., Ohio, and came to this 
county April 14, 1864; owns forty 
acres in Sec. 16, and eighty acres in 
Sec. 22, valued at $30. Bachelor. Re- 
pi'blican. 

HOTOPP, H. I., farmer. Sec. 7; P. 
O. Albion ; born in Hanover, Germany, 
March 9, 1820, and came to this country 
in 1848, and to this county in 1868. 
Was and is an Abolitionist in politics, 
and a member of the Methodist Church. 
Owns 205 acres of land, valued at S85 
per acre. His wife, Dorothavon Dean, 
was born in 1824, same country ; their 
children's names are Mary, born Aug. 
2, 1851; George, Jan. 10, 1855; El- 
leuora, March 28, 1857 ; Julia, March 
18, 1859; Dorotha, Nov. 10, 1861; 
Henry A., Nov. 8, 1864; William, 
April 21, 1866; Albert, March 18, 
1868. Mr. Hotopp enlisted on the 17th 
of September, 1861, in Co. D, 8th 111. V. 
C, and served three years and eight 
months and was mustered out in March, 
1864 ; was wounded three times. 

Humphries, Jonathan, far., S. 27 ; P. 0. 
Lamoille. 

XNGLEDEW, WM. D., farmer, Sec. 8 ; 

± P. 0. Marietta. 

XACKSON, STEPHEN, far., S. 14; 

O P. 0. Lamoille. 

Jackson, R. R., far.. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. La- 
moille. 

Jones, H., far.. S. 30; P.O. State Centre. 

JOHXSOX, ISAAC, farmer, Sec. 
30 ; P. 0. Marietta ; born in Columbi- 
ana Co., Ohio, in 1819; came to this 
county in November, 1855 ; owns 211 
acres of land, valued at 825 per acre. 
Member of Disciple Church ; politics 
Republican. Married Mary Jane Dut- 
ton, who was born in Ohio, 1825 ; one 
child living — Elmore W., born July 29, 
1851. Mr. Johnson owns land in Mari- 
etta and Marshall Townships. 

Johnson, Wm., far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Mar- 
.shalltown. 

TT'E^T, A., far., S. 13; P. 0. x\lbion. 

Knight, E., far., Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 



Knight, Wm., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

LODGE, J. M., far.. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. 
Marietta. 
nV /TcCOLLOUGH, JOHN A., farmer. 

.lIcCOI^ LOUGH, JAMES T., 

far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Lamoille ; born in 
Harrison, Ohio, Dec. 14,182(1; came 
to this county in 1864. Republican in 
politics ; Presbyterian in religion. Owns 
eighty acres of land, valued at §30 per 
acre. Was School Director one year ; 
Road Supervi.sor one year. Mary G. 
Brown was born Aug. 31, 1826 ; died 
in 1878; children — George B., born 
Dec. 22, 1845 ; Louazclah A., Sept. 26, 
1847 ; Sarah A., Nov. 16, 1849 ; John 
A., Dec. 22, 1851 ; Martha Isabelle, 
Nov. 26, 1853; Mary Elizabeth, Oct. 
23,1855; James B., Sept. 2, 1858; 
William H., Nov. 17, 1860: Oscar J., 
March 14, 1862 ; Margaret A., Feb. 11, 
1864; Nancy A., Aug. 27, 1866; 
Robert C, Aug. 10, 1869. 

McCroary, W., far., S. 35 ; P. O.Lamoille. 

McKibbon,W., far., S. 24; P. 0. Marietta. 

MAXFULL, S. G.,far.,S. 31; P. 
0. State Centre ; born in Carroll Co., 
Ohio, March 2, 1831 ; came to Jasper 
Co., in 1849; lived there till 1854; 
went to California across the plains and 
mined and traded in Nevada and Idaho 
till 1S67, when he returned to Jasper 
Co.; lived there seven years, and then 
came to this county, in 1875 ; in politics 
he is a Greenbacker. Owns 220 acres, 
valued at $25 per acre. Married Lucy 
P. Lane in 1862 ; she was born in 
Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., in 1842 ; died 
in 1876; had five children — Ina L., 
born April 18, 1870 ; Eltha C, Sept. 15, 
1872; William S., Nov. 18, 1873; 
Andrew L., April 13, 1875 ; Harry F., 
IMarch 2, 1876. Mr. Manfull was 
wounded seven times by the Indians in 
the mountains. He is yet a very vigorous 
and enterprising man. 

Marsh, John H.. far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Albion. 

Monen-er, D. M., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Albion. 

NEWBY, AXUM, farmer. Sec. 15; 
V. O. Lamoille. 
XEWBY, SAMUEL, farmer, S. 
15; P. 0. Lamoille; born Dec. 9, 
1844, in Grant Co., Ind.; came to this 
county in 1865 ; owns ninety acres, val- 
u/sd at $40 per acre. Is a member of 



MARIETTA TOWNSHIP. 



687 



Oct. 8, 1871 
Clara, Jan. 

XICHOLS, 



-% 



the Society of Friends ; Republican in 
politics. His wife, Martha C. Pember- 
ton, was born in Miami Co., Ohio, May 
31, 1845; were married April 21, 

1864 ; children — Kosella, born Feb. 15, 

1865 ; Jesse, May 14, 1868 ; Sarah, 
Ruthana, Nov. 9, 1874 ; 

1878. 

BKNJAMIN F., 
farmer, S. 2(1 ; P. O. State Centre ; was 
born in Columbiana, Columbiana Co., 
Ohio, Sept. 23, 1836 ; came to this 
State in 1866, and to this county in 
1867. Is a member of the Society of 
Friends. Owns 324 acres of land, val- 
ued at $30 per acre. His wife, Lauretta 
J. Hessin, was born in New Lisbon, 
Columbiana Co., Ohio, Feb. 16, 1842; 
they were married Dec 31,1860; their 
children are Anna L., born Feb. 18, 
1863; Henry H., April 11, 1868; 
Mary Alice, born Aug. 15, 1869 : 
Lucy, Aug. 7, 1877. Mr. Nichols 
has served as School Director seven 
years, Supervisor three years, and 
Assessor one year. He is an indefat- 
igable worker in the cause of temperance 
reform, and delivers very able lectures 
on that subject, and has done a great 
deal of good in that way. 

Nichols, 0., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Albion. 

Nichols, Stacy, far., S. 4; P. 0. Albion. 

Nichols, Thos., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Albion. 

Nicholas, Warren, fiir., S. 5 ; P. 0. Albion. 

XICHOJLS, WILLIAM J., farm 
er. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. State Centre ; was 
born in Columbiana Co., Ohio, Oct. 30, 
1838; came to this county in 1867. 
Is a member of the Society of Friends. 
Owns 204 acres of land, valued at S35 
per acre. His wife, Elizabeth M. Potts, 
was born in Medina Co.. Ohio, April 7, 
1843 ; were married Nov. 22, 1864 ; 
their children are Ariel M., born Oct. 
11, 1865; Edgar H., May 15, 1867; 
Samuel A., June 22, 1870 ; Catherine 
T., Feb. 29, 1872 ; Alice L., Jan. 25, 
1874. Mr. Nichols is an earnest worker 
in temperance reform, 
ichols, W. R., far.,S. 8 ; P. 0. Albion. 

PACKER, ALLEN, farmer, Sec. 25 ; 
P. 0. Marietta. 
Packer, A., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Marietta. 
Packer, J. T., for., S. 23; P. 0. Marietta. 
PEIRCE, KOBFRT, farmer, Sec. 
15; P. 0. Lamoille; was born in Miami 



Co., Ohio, April 3, 1839 ; came to this 
county Sept. 27, 1865 ; owns 156 acres 
and six acres of timl)er land, valued at 
S40 per acre. Member of the Society 
of Friends ; Republican in politics. His 
wife, Caroline Newby, was born in Grant 
Co., Ind., Sept. 8, 1837 ; were manied 
Sept. 22, 1859 ; their children are Va- 
laria, born July 3, 1860 ; William, born 
May 9, 1867; Alton, born Feb. 18, 
1870, and Sarah Esther, July 30, 1874. 
Has been School Director and Road 
Supervisor. 

Pemberton, A., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

Pemberton,C., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

Pemberton, E., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

Pemberton, H. C, far., S. 27 ; P. 0. La- 
moille. 

Pemberton, H., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

Pemberton, Jesse, for., S. 14; P. 0. La- 
moille. 

Pemberton, J., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

Pemberton, R., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

Phillips, Wm., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Marietta. 

Pyle, D. C, far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

PYLE, BElf JAMIN LEWIS, 
farmer, stock raiser and bridge builder, 
Sec. 23; P. 0. Lamoille; born in Co- 
lumbiana Co., Ohio, Nov. 13, 1841 ; 
moved to this county March 28, 1857; 
owns 82 J acres of land, valued at S40 
per acre. He is a member of the So- 
ciety of Friends, and Republican in poli- 
tics. His wife, Eliza M. Underwood, 
was born in the same county Aug. 12, 
1836; were married Oct. 9, 1864 ; have 
our children — Wilmer M., born Oct. 28, 
fl865 ; Clara I., Feb. 7, 1867 ; Charles 
L., Jan. 12, 1873, and Harry T., March 
6, 1876. Mr. Pyle is a very enterpris- 
ing business man, and has the elements 
of success in him ; he is industrious, 
economical and persevering, and will 
make his way up in the world. 

Pyle, Isaac, far.. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

Pyle, J., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

Pyle, L. B., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Marietta. 

"O ANDAL, J., Postmaster, Marietta. 

Ritnour, V., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Marietta. 

Roberts, F., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Marietta. 

Roberts, J., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Marietta. 

Roberts, W., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

RUTAN, ABRAHAM P., far , 
S. 6 ; P. 0. Albion ; born in New Jer- 
sey in 1818 ; came to this county in 

9 



688 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY ; 



1863. Democratic in politics ; member 
of the Methodist Church. Owns 160 
acres of hind, valued at $30 per acre. 
His wife, Mary Ann Phelps, was born 
in 1836, and they were married in 1860 ; 
have three children — James, born Oct. 
14, 1862 ; Samuel, born in 1871 ; Mar- 
garet, born in 1873. 
SIIEWALTEK, JOHN J., far., S. 13 ; 
P. 0. ]Marietta. 

Smith, John, far.. Sec. 19 ; P.O. State 
Centre. 

Smith, J. A., far., S. 19; P. 0. Marietta. 

Snow, D. C, far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

SXOW, DE U ITT C, Jr., far., 

S. 36 ; P. 0. Lamoille ; born in Dodge 
Co., Wis., May 9, 1846. Politics, lie- 
publican ; religion, Congregationalist. 
Came to this county October, 1866 ; 
owns eighty acres of land, valued at 830. 
He married Mary E. Moon Sept. 15, 
1874 ; she was born in Orange Co., New 
York, Nov. 20, 1855 ; children — Fronia 
Mable, born June 29, 1875 ; Nelly 
Maud, August 16, 1877. Mr. Snow 
breeds exclusively Plymouth Rock fowls 
from the leading breeders East : V. C. 
Gilman, New Hampshire ; C. A. Keefer, 
Sterling, 111.; also breeds the Imperial 
Pekin Duck. 

STOKES, ZACCHAEIJS, farm 
hand, works for Thomas Benson, S. 27; 
P. 0. Lamoille ; was born in county of 
Huntington, Eng., in 1849 ; came to 
this county in 1875. Grecnbacker in 
politics ; religion. Free Thinker. Is a 
bachelor. Loves reading matter and 
wishes to keep posted, and is well read. 
He is Orderly Sergeant of Battery F, 
of 1st Regiment of Artillery, Iowa Na- 
tional Guards. 
TABOR, JAMES, for., S. 14 ; P. 0. 
Lamoille. 

Tabor, S., far., S. 14; P. 0. Lamoille. 

Tannahill, J., far.,S. 13 ; P. 0. Marietta. 

Tannahill, R., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Marietta. 

Thomas, I. B., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Albion. 

Thomasi Wm., far., Sec. 29 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

Timmons, R. M., far.. Marietta. 

Tisler, J., far., S. 18; P. 0. Lamoille. 

T..mlinson, T. D., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Mar- 
ietta. 

Toothman, John, far., S. 19 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

Tucker, T., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Albion. 



TURXER, LEWIS, farmer, Sec. 
20 ; P. 0. Lamoille ; was born in Wayne 
Co., Ind., in 1840 * came to this county 
in 1866. Member of the Society of 
of Friends ; Republican in politics. 
Owns 480 acres of land, valued at $30 
per acre. His wife, Malinda Newby, was 
born in 1839 ; were married Aug. 25, 
1866 ; their children are Irvin F., born 
Oct. 25, 1867, and died Jan. 15, 1868 ; 
Fernando C, born Dec. 9, 1869 ; Jen- 
nettie T., born Dec. 4, 1870 ; John L. 
and Frederick E. Wife died IMarch 
25, 1878. Enlisted Sept. 1, 1861, in 
Co. F, 34th Ind. V. I ; served two years 
nine months and seven days ; discharged 
on account of disability. 

"TTANHORN, ROBERT, far., S. 9 ; 
V P. 0. Marietta. 

TTTALLACE, JOHN, far., S. 6 ; P. 
VV^ 0. Albion. 

WARDMAX, CHRISTO- 
PHER, farmer, Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Mar- 
ietta ; was born in Ontario, Upper Can- 
ada, June 24, 1837 ; came to this coun- 
ty in 1876, and owns 139 acres, valued 
at about §40 per acre. Member of the 
Presbyterian Church. His wife, Eleanor 
Tannahill, was born in the county of 
of Down, Ireland, in 1836, and were 
married March 21, 1863; have five 
children — AVilliam,born March 8, 1864; 
Margaret, July 29, 184*5 ; Fannie Ma- 
ria, Dec. 25, 1866 ; Robert, April 11, 
1870 ; Christopher, Oct. 25, 1872. 

Whealan, J., far., S. 34; P. 0. Marietta. 

Whealan, J., for., S. 25 ; P. 0. Marietta. 

Wickersham, T., far., Marietta. 

WI«HT, WILLIAM, former. Sec. 
30 ; P. O. State Centre ; born in Scotland 
in 1822; came to Ohio in 1856 ; lived 
there ten years, and came to this county 
in 1866. Is Republican-Greenbacker 
in politics ; Presbyterian in religion. 
Owns eighty acres of land, valued at §30 
per acre. His wife, Mary, was born in 
Scotland ; their children are Margaret 
R., born in Scotland Feb. 10, 1854; 
Robert S., born in Ohio Oct. 30, 1856 ; 
Alexander A., born Aug. 6, 1862. 

Willcutts, E.. far., S. 22; P. 0. Lamoille. 

Williams,W. k., for., S. 36 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

W^ILSOX, ALVA, former, Sec. 32 ; 
P. O. Lan)oille ; born in Richland Co., 
Ohio, March 22, 1820; came to this 
county in 1856 ; owns 280 acres of im- 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



689 



proved land, valued at S30 per acre. 
Married Orilla Rand in 184G ; have 
seven children — John W., Martha J., 
Henry 11., William, Mary E., Ephraim 
M. and Ella V. Has farm under high 
state of cultivation. 



Wenncry, S., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Albion. 
Wordward, R.D.,far.; P. 0. Marietta. 
Woodward, W. A., far., S. 24; P. O. Mari- 
etta. 
Wylie, A., far., Sec. f> ; P. 0. Albion. 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



ANDREWS, M. E., far., S. 34 ; P. 
O. State Centre. * * 

ABRAM, -JOHN, farmer, Sec. G; 
P. 0. State Centre ; born in Oxford- 
shire, England, in 1842 ; came to this 
country, and located in this county in 
1866. Married Miss Caroline Hayne 
in 1872 ; she was born in Ohio in 
1850; have two children — Berthy,born 
April 10, 1873, and Charles Edward, 
Sept. 28, 1875. Are members of the 
Methodist Church. He owns 120 acres 
of land, valued at S25 per acre. 

Atenham, H., far., S. 19; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

BALE, F., farmer, S. 18 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 
Barnes, C. A., speculator, Lamoille. 
Benson, J., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

BO\ AWITZE, GEORC^E, far , 

S. 24 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in 
Dauphin Co., Penn., in 1824 ; located in 
this county in 1864. Married Amanda 
Lower in 1848 ; she was born in same 
place in 1827 ; they have ten children — 
Mary A., Elizabeth, Sarah, Eli, Emma, 
Isaac, Hattie, Jonny, Hannah, George. 
Republican. He owns eighty acres of 
land, valued at $25 per acre. 

Bonawitze, J. H., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

BROWX,^ JAMES S., farmer, S. 
7 ; P.O. State Centre ; born in Tusca- 
rawas Co., Ohio, in 1849 ; located in this 
county in 1866. Married Miss Mary 
E. Scott in 1871 ; she was born in Jef- 
ferson Co., in 1849 ; they have three 
children — William C., born Nov. 11, 
1871; Fannie S., born Feb. 5, 1873; 
Hattie V., born Dec. 15, 1874. He is 
a Democrat. He owns eighty acres of 
land, valued at $30 per acre. 

Buchannan, E. H., far., S. 15 ; P.O. Mar- 
shalltown. 

Butler, A., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 



Butler. F., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

BUTLER, ORVILL.E, farmer, 
Sec. 7 ; P. O. State Centre ; born in 
Lee Co., 111., in 1852; located in this 
county with his parents in 1853. Mar- 
ried Miss Mary A. Liveringhouse in 
1874; she was born in Elkhart Co.. 
Ind., in 1854; have two children — 
Fayette, born Feb. 18, 1875, and Franky, 
Jan. 3, 1877. He is a Republican. 
Owns eighty acres of land, valued at 
$30 per acre. 

Butler, 0. E., wagon maker, S. 1 ; P. 0. 
Lamoille. 

BUTTS, ARCH, farmer,^ Sec. 28; 
P. 0. Lamoille ; born in Washington 
Co., Md., in 1834; moved to Ogle Co., 
111., in 1840, and to this county in 1869. 
Married jMiss Amelia StouflTer in 1858 ; 
she was born in Washington Co., Md., 
in 1837 ; have three children — John 
A., born Dec. 17, 1858; George A., 
July 15, 1860; William H., Jan. 7, 
1864. Are members of Christadel- 
phi Church. He owns 240 acres of 
land, valued at $45 per acre. 

CAMPBELL, C. H., farmer. Sec. 33 ; 
P. 0. Marshalltown. 

Caughenour, J., far., S. 29; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

CAPRON, D. S., farmer. Sec. 31 ; 
P. O. State Centre; born in Herkimer 
Co., N. Y., in 1815 ; moved to Onondaga 
Co., N. Y., in 1820; thence to this 
county in 18G6. 3Iarried Elizabeth 
Richards in 1863; she was born in 
Madison Co., N. Y., in 1845 ; have five 
children by his present wife — Ella, born 
May 18, 1864 ; Hattie, March 6, 1866; 
Clarence A. and Clara A. (twins), Dec. 
20, 1869; Nancy V., July 5, 1874 ; 
also E. Smith, born Aug. 7, 1847 ; 
Leonard and Lansing (twins), Sept. 11, 
1854 ; Frank, Feb. 11, 1857, by a 
former marriage. He is a Republican. 



690 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



Owns 280 acres of land, valued at $45 
per acre. 

Capron, G. F., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

Carr; J. G., far.,S.4; P. 0. Lamoille. 

CXARK, ELL.IS, P. 0. Marshall- 
town ; born in Otsego Co., N. Y., 
in 183-i ; located in this county in 1863. 
Married Miss Mary Beed in 1863 ; she 
was born in Devonshire, Eng., in 1841 ; 
two childi-en — Charles B., born June 
12, 1866 ; Annie M., March 25, 1870. 
He is a Seventh-Day Advent ist. Has 
been School Director three years. He 
owns 217 acres of land, valued at 835 
per acre ; also owns land in Sec. 12, 
Washington Tp. 

Clark, H. A., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

CI^ARK, JAMES W., farmer, 
Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Lamoille ; born in Tus- 
carawas Co., Ohio, in 1843; moved to 
JeflPerson Co., Ohio, when a child, and 
to this county in 1869. Married Miss 
Amanda Matson ; she was born in Har 
rison Co., Ohio, in 1848 ; their children 
are George B., born Feb, 16, 1871 ; 
William 31., Nov. 13, 1872; Mabel L., 
Dec. 6, 1877. He enlisted in the 98th 
Ohio V. I., Co. C, Aug. 5, 1862 ; mus- 
tered out in June, 1865 ; he made the 
celebrated march with Sherman to the 
sea, and was present at the national 
parade in Washington, D. C, at the 
close of the war. He owns sixty acres 
of land, valued at $35 per acre. 

Crary, A. T., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

CRARY, OEORC^E E., fiumer. 
Sec. 13; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in 
Lake Co., Ohio, in 1847 ; located in this 
county in 1869. Married Miss Ellen 
Cornell in 1872 ; she was born in Can- 
ada in 1848 ; have one boy — Charles C, 
born June 5, 1874. He owns eighty 
acres of land, valued at 840 per acre. 

CRARY, W. <iJ., retired farmer ; P. 
O. Lamoille ; born in Preston, New 
London County, Conn., in 1808; 
moved to Lake Co., Ohio, in 1831, and 
to Clayton Co., Iowa, in 1857, and lo- 
cated in this county in 1867. Married 
Miss Julia A. Morse in 1836 ; she was 
born in Monroe Co., N. Y., in 1819 ; 
they have two children — Lucv J., born 
Oct. 13, 1838 ; Avery F., Dec. 1, 1849. 
llepublican. Owns 200 acres of land, 
valued at 850 per acre ; also residence 
in Lamoille, 81,600. 



CROCKARD, WIELIAM, far., 
S. 19 ; P. 0. State Centre ; born in 
Down Co., Ireland, in 1827 ; came to 
this country in 1857, and located in La 
Salle Co., 111.; moved to Lee Co., 111., 
in 1866, and to this county in 1869. 
Married Miss Margaret Jordan in 1 854 ; 
she was born in the same county in Ire- 
land in 1825 ; have four children — 
John, born Oct. 10, 1856; Samuel L., 
Dec. 1, 1858; Hugh, Jan. 12, 1861 ; 
William F., April 23, 1863. Members 
of the M. E. Church, in which he is 
Class Leader; is a Kepublican. Road 

• Supervisor four years. Owns 72 acres 
acres of land, valued at 835 per acre. 
Lenna Fowler Crockard, adopted, born 
in New Britain. Conn., May 19, 1866. 

Curtis, L. B., far.', S. 3 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

"pvINNEL, M. M., farmer, Lamoille. 

DAXNEl^, CASJEN B., far, 
S. 36 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in 
Hanover, Germany, in 1850 ; located in 
Ogle Co., 111., in 1865. Married Luna 
Van Hove in 1873 ; she was born in 
the same place in 1850 ; their children 
are George H., born May 18, 1874; 
Benjamin, Dec. 2, 1875 ; Hattie and 
Tariottie (twins), July 2, 1877. Owns 
160 acres of land, valued at 830 per 
acre. 

Durkee, H. A., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

FLOOK, JOSHUA, farmer, S. 
28 ; P. 0. Lamoille ; born in Mary- 
land in 1826 ; moved to Montgomery 
Co., Ohio, in 1828 ; and to Bureau Co. 
in 1858 ; thence to Wabash Co., Ind., 
in 1865, and located in this county in 
1869. Married Miss Margaret Harvey 
in 1866 ; she was born in Wabash Co., 
Ind., in 1843; have seven children — 
Mary L., born Aug. 2. 1867 ; Sarah A., 
June 15, 1869 ; John H. Jan. 6, 1871 ; 
Ida Alice, Sept. 20, 1872 ; Freddy F., 
June 29, 1874 ; Leah, Dec. 27, 1875 • 
Julia A., March 8, 1878. Republican. 
Has been School Director and Road 
Supervisor several terms. W. A. and 
George L., children of a former mar- 
riage. Owns eighty acres, worth 840 
per acre. 

QALLENTINE, S. D., farmer, S. 34 ; 
P. 0. Lamoille. 
GOTHAM, CHARLES R., far, 

S. 28 ; P. 0. Lamoille ; born in Chau- 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



691 



taugua Co., N. Y., in 1833 ; came to 
Lake Co., Ohio, in 1837 ; located in 
this county in 1854. Married Mrs. 
Caroline Phillips (Sherwood) in 1856 ; 
she was born in Morris Co., N. J. in 
1825 ; have three children — Mary E., 
born Dec. 12,1857 ; Llewellyn E., July 
25, 1862; Charles S., April 25, 1873. 
Mrs. Gotham is a Presbyterian. Mr. 
Ct. owns 172 acres of land, valued at 
§40 per acre. 

Graves, A. A., far.., Sec. 18 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

Groover, Eli, far., Sec. 16; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

HARRINGTON, J., far., S. 25 ; P. 
0. Marshalltown. 

HAGEDORN, CHRISTIAIT, 
former. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. State Centre ; 
born in Holstein, Germany, in 1833 ; 
located in Scott Co., Iowa, in 1869, and 
in this county in 1874. Married Miss 
Johannah Lipkar in 1855 ; she was 
born in same place in 1831 ; their chil- 
dren are Doris M., born July 8, 1858 ; 
Frederick A., May 3, 1862 ; Lenna A., 
March 18, 1864. He rents 160 acres, 
which he has in a high state of culti- 
vation. 

HALL, J. E., far.. Sec. 16; P. 0. 
State Centre ; born in Woodbury Co., 
Conn., in 1838 ; moved to Knox Co., 
Ohio, 1848, and located in this county 
in 1862. Married Miss Arillia Winchal 
in 1861 ; she was born in New Haven, 
Hartford Co., Conn., in 1839 ; their 
children are Mary Bell, born Dec. 6, 
1861 ; Emma J., Sept. 29, 1864 ; Hat- 
tie E., Oct. 15, 1868; James E., Oct. 
10, 1870. He is a Republican. Owns 
160 acres of land, valued at $40 per 
acre. 

Hastings, Samuel, far., S. 21 ; P. O. La- 
moille. 

HAYDEN, WILLARD, far , S 
3 ; P. 0. Lamoille ; born in Onondaga 
Co., N. Y., town of Pompey, 1813; lo- 
cated in this county in 1870. Married 
Miss Almira Hanchett in 1836 ; she 
was born same place in 1817 ; children 
are Cora I., born Sept. 3, 1841 ; Oscar 
E., Oct. 18, 1845 ; Will A., Oct. 15, 
1852. Are members of Christian 
Church. The subject of this biography 
is a direct lineal descendant of the En- 
glish Baronet William Hayden, who 



came to this country in 1630, and set- 
tled in Dorchester, Mass., and .served 
with distinction in the Pequot Indian 
War, and third son of Allen Willard 
Hayden, who was born in Huntington, 
Litchfield Co., Conn., 1783, and located 
in Pompey, Onondaga, Co., N. Y., 1800. 
He owns 156* acres of land, valued at 
$30 per acre. 
HA YNES, D. T., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. 
Marshalltown ; born in Jefferson Co., 
Ohio, 1825 ; located in this county in 

1866. Married Catherine Johnston in 
1848; she was born in Jefferson Co., 
Ohio, in 1826 ; six children Alfred P., 
born May 17, 1848 ; Louis X., Sept. 1, 
1850; Harvey H., Sept. 27, 1854; 
Isaac D., Aug. 10, 1862; George R., 
Nov. 19, 1865; David Q., Aug. 2, 

1867. He is a Greenbacker in politics. 
Owns 160 acres of land, valued at $40 
per acre. 

HAYXE, JOHN, Jr., farmer and 
ditcher, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; 
born in Belmont Co., Ohio, in 1844 ; 
located in this county in 1855. Married 
Miss Ellen E. Baker in 1877 ; she was 
born in Whiteside Co., 111., in 1847. 
She is a Seventh-Day Adventist. He 
cultivates 174 acres of land owned by 
his father ; he runs the " French Patent 
Ditching Machine," with twelve yoke of 
oxen, and can do any work at the short- 
est notice that can be done by any ma- 
chine used in ditching. 

HAYNE, THOS., farmer, Sec. 1 ; 
P. 0. Lamoille; born in Jefferson Co., 
Ohio, in 1825 ; located in this county 
in 1856. Married Miss Mary G. Nay- 
lor in 1848 ; she was born in the same 
county in 1827 ; their children are 
Daniel, born Oct. 20, 1854 ; Willard W., 
Dec. 30, 1860 ; Margaret H., March 
26, 1863; Florence May, Jan. 15, 
1866. Are members of the Congrega- 
tional Church ; Republican. He is Treas- 
urer of the School Board ; Treasurer of 
the township three terms. He owns 
157 acres of land, fine natural grove, 
valued at $45 per acre. 

HOFM ASTER, MICHAEL, 
farmer, Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; 
was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, in 
1815 ; came to Columbiana Co., Ohio, 
in 1832, and to this county in 1864. 
Married Justine Laudaenshader in" 



692 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



1842 ; she was born in Germany in 
1821 ; five children — Gideon, born May 
18, 1843 ; Louisa, Jan. 7, 1850 ; Oliver, 
Nov. 26, 1857 ; Ada, Feb. 22, 18G0 ; 
Caroline, May 6, 18G3. Are members 
of the Dutch Reformed Church ; he is a 
Democrat. Has been School Director, 
Road Supervisor and Township Trustee 
several terms. He owns 200 acres of 
land, valued at $40 per acre. 

Heifer. A., far., S. 2G ; P. 0. Marshalltown. 

Hofnester, G., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

Heydon, W. C, fiir.,S.3; P. 0. Lamoille. 

HOWE, WM. n., farmer. Sec. 35 ; 
P. 0. Marshalltown; born in New 
Hampshire in 1849 ; located in this 
county in 1874. Married Miss Sarah 
Weir in 1871 ; she was born in New 
"York in 1849. He is a Republican. 
Owns eighty acres of land, valued at 830 
per acre. 

Huff. E., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

HITCHIXOS, EDWARD E., 
Superintendent Marshall County Poor 
House Farm, Sec. 9 ; P. O. Lamoille ; 
born in Lincoln Co., Maine, in 1852 ; 
located in this county in 1875. Married 
Miss Mary J. Wilson in 1878; she was 
born in Lake Co., 111., in 1857. He is 
a Republican. This farm of 240 acres 
is improving rapidly under the manage- 
ment of Mr. Hutchings, who is thor- 
oughly familiar with the duties of his 
position ; he is raising some fine grades 
of stock, hogs, horses and cattle ; the farm, 
which was established in 1870, is now 
self-supportinii-. 

JOHNSON, B., far., S. 3; P. 0. La- 
moille. 
Johnson, L. H. far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 
Johnson, R. H.,far., S. 3; P. 0. Lamoille. 

KLMBALL, THOMAS, grocery, La- 
moille. 

KEXXEDY% :!III.ES, farmer. Sec. 
15 ; P. 0. Lamoille ; born in Upper Can- 
ada, in 1848 ; located in this county in 
1870. Married Miss Laura Park in 
1873 ; she was born in Maryland in 
1854, died in 1876; he married Mi.ss 
Viola Threadway in 1878; one child — 
Clarence, born Dec. 30, 1874. He owns 
83 •> acres of land, valued at $40 per 
acre. 

KENNEDY, WIIXIA^tt, farm- 
mer ; Sec. 21 ; P. 0. State Centre ; born 
in Canada in 1853 ; located in this 



county in 1870. Married Miss Martha 
Buckhitlder in 1874 ; she was born in 
Canada in 1855 ; they have one child — 
Watson, born Jan. 9. 1875. Independ- 
ent in politics. Owns 240 acres of 
and, valued at $40 per acre. 
Kruth, W., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

LINESNIGHOUSE, M., far., S. 18; 
P. 0. Lamoille. 
L.AL.I^EY, MARTIN, farmer, S. 
36 ; P. 0. Marshalltown ; born in Coun- 
ty Mayo, Ireland, in 1823 ; came to New 
Brunswick, N. J., in 1850; moved tu 
Pennsylvania in 1854 ; returned to New 
Brunswick in 1856, thence to Lee Co., 
111., in 1800 ; to Clinton Co., Iowa, in 
the Fall of the same year, and to this 
county in 1864. Married Miss Alice 
McCaffery in 1857 ; she was born in 
the garden spot of the world. County 
Monaghan, Ireland, in 1823 ; their 
children are Mary, born Oct. 6, 1852, 
Katlierine, born Dec. 17, 1856 ; John, 
born Nov. 16, 1860 ; Martin, born Nov. 
18, 1861. Are members of the Catho- 
lic Church. He owns 120 acres of 
land, valued at $35 per acre ; his son-in- 
law, Wm. O'Brien, has five children — 
Alice, born Oct. 31, 1868 ; Mary, born 
Nov. 22, 1871 ; Maggie, born Sept. 16. 
1873 ; Annie, born Oct. 23, 1875 ; Ag- 
nes, born Oct. 3, 1877. 

LrXZ, JOHN, firmer, S. 9 ; P. 0. 
State Centre; born in Huntingdon Co., 
Penn., in 1839; moved to Ogle Co., 
111., in 1869, and to Polk Co., Iowa, in 
1874; located in this township in 1876. 
Married Miss Sarah Garber in 1865 : 
she was born in Ogle Co., 111., in 1846 ; 
have four children — Samuel G., born 
Dec. 8, 1868 ; Ira D., Dec. 23, 1870 ; 
Mary A., June 25, 1875, and Lula C, 
Dec. 24, 1877. Are members of the 
German Baptist Church. He owns 160 
acres of land, valued at $40 per acre. 

Liniiham, M., far., S. 27; P.O.Lamoille. 

McLAIN, H. C, far., S. 10 ; P. 0. 
Lamoille. 

Madden, 31., far., S, 25 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

Magee. J. D. 

MANWARINO, SAMl EI.,far , 
S. 30 ; P. 0. State Centre ; born in Che- 
nango Co., N. Y.,in 1822 ; located in this 
county in 1856. Married Mi.ss Hannah 
Lamphars in 1846 ; she was born in Sen- 
eca Co., N. Y.,in 1825; have four children 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



t)93 



— Adolia M., born May 10, 1848 ; Hel- 
lena P., Aug. 17, 1858 ; iMary H., 
July 22, 1862, and Charley Pratt, Feb. 
5, 1865. Republican. Owns 260 acres 
of land, valued at $50 per acre ; has un- 
|)rovemonts of a superior order. 

MARTIX, JESSE, farmer. Sees. 
5 and G ; P. 0. State Centre ; born in 
Hillsboro, N. H., in 1809; located 
in this county in 1860. Married La- 
vina Hoyt in 1850 ; she was born in 
Woodstock, N. H., in 1821 ; have two 
children — Charles B., born Jan. 12, 
1853 ; Henry N., born May 14, 1862. 
Republican. Owns 163 acres of land, 
valued at $35 per acre. 

]«II.I.ER, FREDERICK, flir , 
Sec. 19 ; P. 0. State Centre ; born in 
Germany, County of Holstein, in 1839 ; 
came to this country and located in 
Grant Co., Wis., in 1855, and in this 
county in 1869. He married Miss Dora 
Kay in 1860 ; she was born in Germany 
in 1841; their children — Pauline S., 
Jan. 11, 1861 ; Frank L., born Feb. 13, 
1862 ; Alvina S., June 14, 1863 ; Frank 
F., born Dec. 1, 1864 ; Dora M. L., 
born Oct. 25, 1866 ; Annie C, born 
Sept. 19, 1868 ; Charles A., born Dec. 
28, 1871 ; Frederick, born July 14, 
1874; Nora, born May 1, 1877. He 
owns 265 acres of land in a high state 
of cultivation, valued at $35 per acre ; 
he is a systematic farmer, and although 
a young man when he came to this 
county, with no capital l>ut a sound ed- 
ucation, he soon familiarized himself 
with the customs of the new country, 
and adopted that profession that prom- 
ised the most independence and honest 
profit — farming. 

Moler, J., far.. S. 10 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

MONTGOMERY, H E X R Y , 
farmer, Sec. 20 ; P. 0. State Centre ; 
born in Upper Canada in 1841 ; moved 
to Michigan with his parents when a 
child, and to Illinois in 1859, and to 
Cedar Co., Iowa, in 1864, and located 
in this county in 1871. He married 
Miss Annie E. Rand in 1870 ; she was 
born in Wisconsin in 1851 ; have two 
children — William G. and Dora R. Mr. 
Montgomery enlisted in the 34tli 111. V. 
I., Co. D, in 1861 ; was mustered out 
in 1864; served one year and a half 
with his regiment, and was then detailed 



on garrison duty in heavy artillery in 
Murfreesboro, Tenn.; was discharged 
in Atlanta, Ga., at the close of his term 
of service. 

Monroe, J. W., far., Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

Moore, Wm., for., S. 20 ; P. O. Lamoille. 

Mulcahy, Martin, far. S. 34 ; P. 0. Mar- 
shalltown. 

MYERS, WILl.IAiU W., farmer, 
S. 5 ; P. 0. Lamoille ; born in George- 
town, D. C.,in 1825 ; moved to Colum- 
biana Co., 0., in 1833, and to this 
county in 1856. He married Miss 
Mary F. Townsend in 1857 ; she was 
born in Beaver Co., Penn., in 1836; 
two children — Paulina I., born Jan. 10, 
1866; Samuel W^, Sept. 15, 1868. 
Mrs. M., is member of the Friends' So- 
ciety. They control 348 acres of land, 
valued at $33 per acre. 

NEWMAN, J., far.. Sec. 19 ; P. O. 
State Centre. 

XICHOIvS, W. R., farmer, Sec. 9 ; 
P. 0. Lamoille; born in London, Eng., 
1832 ; located in Jeiferson Co., Wis., in 
1858, and in this county in 1866. He 
married Miss Ularah Reeves in 1852 ; 
she was born in Oxfordshire, Eng., in 
1824 ; their children are John W. A., 
born Jan. 22, 1856 ; Susey C, June 29, 
1861. Members of Episcopal Church; 
he is a Republican. Owns eighty acres 
of land, valued at $40 per acre. He 
enlisted in the 3d Wis. Cavalry, Co. C, 
in January, 1864; mustered out in 1865. 

Noble, C, far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

O'BRIEN, Wm., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. 
Marshalltown. 
Overhalts, A., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

PHILLIPS, B. G., farmer, S.2 ; P. 0. 
Lamoille. 
PARKE, THOMAS, farmer, S. 
32 ; P. 0. State Centre ; born in Wash- 
ington Co., Md., in 1839 ; moved to 
Ogle Co., 111., in 1855 ; to Grundy Co., 
Iowa., in 1868, and located in this 
county in 1873. Married Miss Amy 
C. Stauff'er in 1864 ; she was born in 
same county in 1844; have four 
children — Emma A., born June 30, 
1868 ; Effie May, Oct. 12, 1870 ; Car- 
rie E., Nov. 15, 1872 ; LaRoy, Feb. 2, 
1877. Mr. P. is a Republican. Has 
been School Director and Road Super- 
visor. He rents $160 acres of land. 



694 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



POFFENBERGKR, A., feimei, 
S. 19 ; P. 0. State Ceutre; born in 
Washington Co., Md., in 1834. Mar- 
ried Miss Henrietta Hatzel in 1858 ; 
slie was born in same county and State 
in 1838 ; have three children — WiUiam 
H., born Dec. 16, 1858 ; Anna Laura, 
Sept. 8, 1860 ; Charles M., Dec. 26, 
1866. He is a Democrat in politics ; 
is Road Supervisor and School Director. 
Owns 159 acres of land, valued at §35 
per acre. 

POFFENBERGER, J., farmer, 
S. 32; P. 0. State Centre; born in 
■\Va.shington Co., Md., 1839; moved to 
Montgomery Co., Ohio, in 1862; to 
Ogle Co., 111., in 1864 ; and located in 
thiis county in 1873. Married Annie 
W. Bassett in 1865 ; she was born in 
England in 1844; their children are 
Edward L., born Sept. 3, 1866 ; Erenia 
H., Oct. 6, 1869. He is a Democrat. 
He owns 160 acres of land, valued at 
840 per acre. 

Pratt, Jonas, far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

RIEMENSCHNEIDER, HENRY, 
far., S. 7, P. 0. State Centre. 
Rouudv. J. D., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

SARIN, T. J., far.. Sec. 18; P. 0. 
State Centre. 

8CHRADER, AU(,;UST, farmer, 
S. 19; P.O. State Centre; born in 
Germany in 1832 ; came to Baltimore, 
Md., in 1853 ; located in this county in 
1864. Married Anna M. Botteger in 
1857 ; she was born in Germany in 
1836. He is a Republican. Owns 
120 acres of land, valued at §40 per 
acre. 

SCOTT, F. A., farmer, Sec. 17 ; P. 
0. State Centre ; born in Washtenaw Co., 
Mich., in March, 1864; located in this 
county in 1868. Married Miss Adelia 
Freer in 1873; she was born in the same 
county. He is a Democrat in politics. 
Own.s 160 acres of land, valued at $45 
per acre. 

SEIBERT, J. C, farmer and 
preacher, Sec. 29 ; P. 0. State Centre ; 
born in Lancaster Co., Penn., in 1840 ; 
moved to Stark Co., Ohio, in 1846, and 
to Ashland Co., Ohio, in 1860, and lo- 
cated in this county in 1875. Married 
Miss Eliza Stuckey in 1860 ; she was 
born in Columbiana Co., Ohio, in 1 842 ; 
have four children — Harry M., born 



June 5, 1864 ; Jesse G., Aug. 26, 
1867 ; Libby A., Feb. 20, 1871 ; Char- 
ley J., June 24, 1873. They are mem- 
bers of the German Baptist Church, of 
which he is one of the preachers. He 
owns eighty acres of land, valued at $35 
per acre. 

SESSION^^, A., former, Sec. 6 ; P. 
0. State Centre ; born in Franklin Co., 
Mass., in 1812 ; located in this county 
in 1875. Married E. Maxam in 1825 ; 
she was born in the same place in 181(1, 
died 1830 ; one child — Samuel A.. 
born in 1829. Married Miss Lydia 
. Rice in 1832; she died in 1853; three 
children — George Le Roy, born Jan. 1, 
1834; William N., July 25, 1836; Ar- 
thur L., May 2, 1838. He married his 
present wife, Ellen Michael, in 1876. 
Republican. Road Supervisor. Owns 
1 23 acres of land, valued at §30 per acre. 

Shaul, P., far., S. 13; P. 0. Lamoille. 

Smith, A. A., far., S. 28; P. 0. Lamoille. 

Smith, W. R., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

SNIVEEY", GEO. W., former, Sec. 
12; P. 0. Marslialltown ; born in War- 
ren Co., 111., in 1854 ; located in this 
county in 1875. Married Miss J. l)ah- 
iels in 1875 ; she was born in Pennsyl- 
vania in 1853; have ont child — Ida, 
born June 24, 1876. Greenbacker in 
politics. Rents forty acres of land. 

Sommerkamp, A., far., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. La- 
moille. 

Stevens & Lane, farmers. 

Stouffer, A., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

STOUFFER, D. A., farmer, Sec. 
13 ; P. 0. Lamoille ; born in Washing- 
ton Co., Md., in 1828; located in Ogle 
Co., 111., in 1845, and in this county 
in 1869. Married Miss Ellen A. Parke 
in 1861 ; she was bora in same place in 
1844 ; their children are George A., 
born Nov. 5, 1862 ; William S., Sept. 
10, 1864 ; Edward F., May 4, 1867 ; 
Charles E., Oct. 29, 1869; Ora C, 
Aug. 2, 1874. They are liembers of 
the M. E. Church ; he is a Republican. 
Has been School Director two years ; is 
Road Supervisor at present. He owns 
160 acres of land, valued at $35 per acre. 

Stouffer, G. H., far., Sec. 33 ; P. 0. La- 
moille. 

Stouffer, J., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

rpALBERT, W. S., lab., I^amoille. 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



G95 



Thayor, S., far., S. 28; P. O. Lamoille. 

'rriplett, Amos, far.. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. State 
Centre. 

TRIPI.ETT, F. M., farmer, See. 
ID; P. O. State Centre; born in Bu- 
reau Co., 111., 184G ; located in this 
county in 1870. Married Miss x\da 
Rollins in 1871 ; she was born in New 
Hampshire in 1849. He is a Repub- 
lican. He owns 100 acres of land, val- 
ued at S30 per acre. 

TRIPLETT,. WII.I.IAM (de- 
ceased) ; born in Zanesville, Ohio, in 
1836, died Sept. 16, 1877 ; he located 
in this county in 1868. Married Miss 
Elizabeth Diggings in 1856 ; slie was 
born in Juniata Co., Penn., in 1882; 
seven children — Wesley H., born May 
23, 1857; Riley, July 8, 1859 ; Harry, 
July 29, 1861 ; Stephen A., April 29, 
1864; Rizzie and Roxie (twins), Sept. 
8, 1866; Rhoda T., Nov. 14, 1872. 
Mrs. T, is a member of M. E. Church. 
Owns 120 acres of land valued at $35 
per acre. 

Trucks, M., far., S. 7 ; P. O. Lamoille. 

WAGERMAN, JACOB, far., S. 8 ; 
P.O. Lamoille. 

WALL. ACE, VALENTINE, 
former, S. 29; P. 0. State Centre; 
born in Washington Co., Md., in 1836; 
moved to Ogle Co., 111., in 1845, and 
located in this county in 1869. Mar- 
ried Miss Mary C. Cauifman in 1862; 
she was born in Ogle Co., 111., in 1839; 
died in 1863; he married Miss Mar- 
garet E. SoufFer in 1867 ; she was born 
in Ogle Co., 111., in 1848; have three 
children — Pjusebia N., born June 14, 
1868; Lorena E., Feb. 6, 1870; 
Adelbert F., May 24, 1871. Are mem- 
bers of the Christian Adelphi Church ; 
Republican ; has been School Director 
and Road Supervisor several terms. 
Owns 240 acres of land, valued at $35 
per acre. 

WAGAMAN, JOHN, farmer, S. 
32 ; P. 0. State Centre ; born in Bed- 
ford Co., Penn., in 1821 ; moved to 
Carroll Co., 111., in 1856, and located in 
this county in 1867. He married Miss 
Elizabeth Coughanour in 1852 ; she 
was born in Bedford Co., Penn., in 
1830 ; they have two children — Mary 
C, born June 5, 1860 ; William W., 
Oct. 4, 1865. Members of the M. E. 



Church, of which he is Steward; he is 
a Republican. Owns 120 acres of land, 
valued at $35 per acre. 

Weir, Geo., far., S. 25; P. 0. Lamoille. 

Weir, John, far., Sec. 36; P. 0. Lamoille. 

WHALEY, JOHN B., farmer, S. 
12; P. O. Lamoille; born in Meigs 
Co., Ohio, in 1852; located in this 
county in 1855. Married Miss Ida 
May Dunlap ; she was born in this 
county in 1855. He owns seventy-five 
acres of land, valued at $30 j^er acre. 

Wickersham, A., far., S. 23 ; P.O. Lamoille. 

Wickersham, B. F., farmer, Sec, 34 ; P. 
0. Lamoille. 

Wickersham, E. H., farmer. Sec. 23 ; P. 
0. Lamoille. 

Wickersham, H., farmer, S. 34. 

Wickersham, S. J., far., S. 11 ; P. O. La- 
moille. 

Wickersham, T. G., far., S. 36 ; P. O. La- 
moille. 

Wolcott, A. T., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

WOOHARD, LYMAN, farmer, S. 
1 ; P. 0. Lamoille ; born in Vermont 
in 1809 ; located in this county in 1856. 
Married Ann Eliza Miller, 1832; she 
was born in Lower Canada in 1813; 
their children are Mayra, born Nov. 7, 
1839 ; was in the army of United 
States four years ; William, May 16, 
1842 ; died from wounds at battle of 
luka Jan. 25, 1863; Charles H., Dec. 
31,1844; Eliza J., July 16, 1847; 
Melvin, Sept. 7, 1850 ; Wanan W., 
July 3, 1854. Are members of the M. 
E. Church List forty years ; Republican. 
Owns 200 acres of land, valued at $40 
per acre. 

Woodard, M., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

WORTH, JOHN, far., S. 23; P. O.- 
Lamoille ; born in Germany in 1827 ; 
came to this country and located in 
Onondaga Co., N. Y., 1849, and in this 
county in 1859. Married Miss Manly 
Shaul ; she was born in Onondaga Co., 
N. Y., in 1842 ; three children— Alley 
L., born in July, 1856 ; Charles W., 
Feb. 11, 1860; Herbert J., Aug. 5, 
1862. Republican. Owns 120 acres 
of land, valued at $30 per acre. 

Wyatt, A. S., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

Wyatt, E., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

Wyatt, P]. A., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Lamoille. 

WYATT, EDW ARD M., farmer. 
Sec. 16; P. 0. Lamoille; born in Can- 



696 



DIRECTORY OF MARSHALL COUNTY 



ada in 1831 ; went to California in 
1853 ; located in this county in 185G. 
He married Miss Isabella G. Smith in 
1856 ; she was born in Canada in 1840 ; 
have eight children — William F., born 
Feb. 27, ISGO ; Bertha, Aug. 19, 1802 ; 
Sarah R., Dec. 27, 18(i5 ; Jennotte E., 
April 10, 18G7; Charles, Sept. 12, 
1870; Mary V., March 12, 1872; 
Agnes G., Nov. 10, 1874 ; Cynthia A., 
April 10, 1877. Are members of the 
M. E. Church, of which he is Steward. 
Is Justice of the Peace, and has been 
for eight years. Kepublican. Owns 
427 acres of land, valued at fo5 j)er 
acre. 



Wyatt, E. R., far., S. IG ; P. 0. Lamoille. 
Wyatt, H. M., far.,S. 27 ; P.O. Lamoille. 

YOKOM, E. N., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. 
Lamoille. 
ZUSENISEZ, HENRY, farmer, 
Sec. 14 ; P. O. Lamoille ; born in 
Hanover, Germany, in 1821 ; came to 
this country in 1870. Married Louisa 
Wilhi'lm in 1851 ; she was born ia the 
same place in Germany in 1815; they 
have four children — Sophia, born in 
1854; Dora, in 1858; Frederick, in 
18G2 ; Henry, in 1 8G8. They are mem- 
bers of the German Chureh. He owns 
200 acres, valued at $30 per acre. 




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